精製レシチンの世界市場-2023年～2030年

概要

世界の精製レシチン市場は、2022年に5億9,520万米ドルに達し、2030年には10億9,350万米ドルに達すると予測され、予測期間2023年～2030年のCAGRは7.9%で成長する見込みです。

食品・飲料、医薬品、化粧品、工業用途など様々な産業からの需要の増加が、世界の精製レシチン市場の着実な成長を後押ししています。ヒマワリの種、菜種、大豆などから得られる精製レシチンは、さまざまな商品の分散剤、安定剤、乳化剤として機能します。市場の拡大は、特にチョコレート、マーガリン、焼き菓子、ドレッシングなど、食品加工における幅広い使用によって大いに助けられています。

さらに、食品の食感、風味、保存性を高めるなど、レシチンの健康上の利点や機能的品質に対する消費者の意識が高まっていることも、市場拡大に拍車をかけています。さらに、精製レシチンにはエモリエント、可溶化、保湿の特質があるため、医薬品や化粧品分野ではますます多くの製剤に使用されるようになっています。精製レシチンの環境に優しい特性と非遺伝子組み換えの選択は、その採用を後押しし、天然成分への高まる傾向に貢献しています。

大豆由来の精製レシチンは、世界の精製レシチン市場で最大のシェアを占めています。同様に、アジア太平洋は精製レシチン市場を独占し、1/3以上の最大市場シェアを獲得しています。この地域の市場開発は、レシチン製造のために大豆やヒマワリなどの原料を供給するインド、中国、日本の大規模農業部門によって促進されると予想されます。

ダイナミクス

天然成分およびクリーンラベル成分への需要の増加

世界の精製レシチン市場は、天然成分やクリーンラベル成分への需要の高まりにより成長を遂げています。顧客が健康志向を強め、口にするものに気を配るようになるにつれて、天然で最小限の加工しか施されていない成分で製造された製品の人気が高まっています。この動向は、菜種、ひまわりの種、大豆などの天然源から得られる精製レシチンに適しています。

精製レシチンは、人工的な添加物や乳化剤とは対照的に、生産者にクリーンラベルの選択肢を提供し、健康志向の消費者に対する商品の魅力を高める。さらに、クリーンラベル運動は食品に限定されるものではなく、パーソナルケア、化粧品、医薬品も含まれます。精製レシチンは天然由来で適応性が高いため、これらの分野でも高い需要があります。

イングレディオン社が実施した2023年の消費者の食品嗜好動向に関する調査によると、消費者は引き続きクリーンでシンプルな原材料を高いレベルで重視しています。最新のデータによると、クリーンラベルの要素は消費者の購買意欲を高め、78%がパッケージの謳い文句に"ナチュラル"または"オールナチュラル"と記載されている製品により多くのお金を費やすと回答しています。

消費者はまた、製品の成分がシンプルであることも重視しています。68％が、認識できる成分しか含まれていない製品により高いお金を払うと回答しています。さらに、消費者はわずか3年前よりも43％多く成分表示を見ています。その他の消費者の購買行動の成長動向には、天然成分（40％増）、無添加・人工成分（29％増）、オーガニック製品（24％増）などがあります。

抽出・加工技術の進歩

技術による抽出・加工方法の開発は、世界の精製レシチン市場を推進する主要因です。抽出技術の進歩は、大豆、ヒマワリの種、菜種などの原産地からレシチンを経済的かつ効率的に回収することを容易にします。溶媒抽出、酵素加水分解、超臨界流体抽出のような高度な抽出方法を用いることで、生産者はレシチンの収量を最大化しながら、エネルギーと廃棄物の消費を抑えることができます。

レシチン生産の持続可能性と拡張性を向上させることで、こうした技術の進歩は、様々な産業からの増大する需要を満たすのに役立ちます。例えば、超臨界抽出と呼ばれる新しい形の分離技術を用いると、超臨界状態にあるときの温度や圧力の違いによって物質の性質がどのように変化するかに基づいて物質が分離されます。超臨界二酸化炭素抽出法を用いれば、純度95～98％のレシチンを原料から抽出することができます。

規制上の制約とコンプライアンスの課題

精製レシチンの世界市場に影響を与える規制を遵守するには、大きな障害があります。成分、加工助剤、食品添加物を管理する規制環境は複雑でダイナミックです。レシチンの生産者や販売者にとって、国や国際機関が定める数多くの規則、ガイドライン、要件を遵守することは困難なことかもしれないです。

さらに、食品添加物や加工助剤としてのレシチンの分類は、規制要件や表示義務に影響を与える可能性があります。特定濃度の食品添加物として使用される場合、レシチンは一般的に安全と認められていますが（GRAS）、その状態や規制上の取り扱いは、出所、純度、使用目的などの要因によって異なる場合があります。製造業者は、このような規制上の微妙な違いをうまく調整し、適用される規制を確実に遵守するために、正確な製品表示と文書を提供しなければなりません。

目次

第1章 調査手法と調査範囲

第2章 定義と概要

第3章 エグゼクティブサマリー

第4章 市場力学

• 影響要因
  • 促進要因
    • 天然材料とクリーンラベル材料への需要の高まり
    • 抽出・加工技術の進歩
  • 抑制要因
    • 規制上の制約とコンプライアンスの課題
  • 機会
  • 影響分析

第5章 産業分析

• ポーターのファイブフォース分析
• サプライチェーン分析
• 価格分析
• 規制分析
• ロシア・ウクライナ戦争の影響分析
• DMIの見解

第6章 COVID-19分析

第7章 供給源別

• 大豆
• ヒマワリ
• キャノーラ
• その他

第8章 形態別

• 粉末
• 液体
• 顆粒
• その他

第9章 用途別

• 食品・飲料
• 医薬品
• 化粧品・パーソナルケア
• 工業用
• その他

第10章 流通チャネル別

• スーパーマーケット/ハイパーマーケット
• オンライン小売
• 専門店
• その他

第11章 地域別

• 北米
  • 米国
  • カナダ
  • メキシコ
• 欧州
  • ドイツ
  • 英国
  • フランス
  • イタリア
  • スペイン
  • その他欧州
• 南米
  • ブラジル
  • アルゼンチン
  • その他南米
• アジア太平洋
  • 中国
  • インド
  • 日本
  • オーストラリア
  • その他アジア太平洋地域
• 中東・アフリカ

第12章 競合情勢

• 競合シナリオ
• 市況/シェア分析
• M&A分析

第13章 企業プロファイル

• Cargill, Incorporated
  • 会社概要
  • 製品ポートフォリオと説明
  • 財務概要
  • 主な発展
• ADM（Archer Daniels Midland Company）
• Bunge Limited
• DUPONT DE NEMOURS, INC.
• Lipoid GmbH
• American Lecithin Company
• Thew Arnott & Co Ltd
• Lasenor Emul
• Lecico GmbH
• Sternchemie GmbH & Co. KG

第14章 付録

Overview

Global Refined Lecithin Market reached US$ 595.2 million in 2022 and is expected to reach US$ 1,093.5 million by 2030, growing with a CAGR of 7.9% during the forecast period 2023-2030.

Increased demand from a variety of industries, including food & beverage, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and industrial applications, is propelling the steady rise of the global refined lecithin market. Derived from sources such as sunflower seeds, rapeseed, and soybeans, refined lecithin functions as a dispersion agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier in a wide range of goods. Market expansion is greatly aided by its broad use in food processing, especially in chocolate, margarine, baked goods, and dressings.

Moreover, market expansion is fueled by growing consumer awareness of lecithin's health advantages and functional qualities, which include enhancing food products' texture, flavor, and shelf life. Furthermore, because of the emollient, solubilizing, and moisturizing qualities of refined lecithin, the pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors are using it in more and more formulations. Refined lecithin's eco-friendly character and non-GMO choices boost its adoption, contributing to the growing trend towards natural ingredients.

The soy-sourced refined lecithin accounts largest share of the global refined lecithin market. Similarly, Asia-Pacific dominates the refined lecithin market, capturing the largest market share of over 1/3rd. The development of the market in the region is anticipated to be fueled by the large agriculture sectors of India, China, and Japan, which supply raw materials such as soybean and sunflower for lecithin manufacture.

Dynamics

Increasing Demand for Natural and Clean Label Ingredients

The global refined lecithin market is experiencing growth due in large part to the growing demand for natural and clean-label components. Products manufactured with natural, minimally processed components are becoming more and more popular as customers become more health-conscious and aware of what they eat. This trend is well suited for refined lecithin, which is obtained from natural sources like rapeseed, sunflower seeds, and soybeans.

Refined lecithin provides producers with a clean label option, in contrast to artificial additives and emulsifiers, increasing the appeal of their goods to health-conscious consumers. Furthermore, the clean label movement is not limited to food products; it also includes personal care, cosmetics, and medications. Because of its natural source and adaptability, refined lecithin is also in high demand in these sectors.

According to the survey conducted by Ingredion Inc., regarding the consumer food preference trends in 2023, Consumers continue to place a high level of importance on clean and simple ingredients. The latest data shows that clean label factors motivate consumers to pay more, with 78% stating they would spend more money on products with packaging claims stating "natural" or "all-natural."

Consumers also value simplicity in their product ingredients. Sixty-eight percent (68%) stated they will pay more for products that contain only recognizable ingredients. Additionally, consumers are looking at ingredient labels 43% more than they were just three years ago. Other consumer purchasing behavior growth trends include natural ingredients (+40%), no additives or artificial ingredients (+29%), and organic products (+24%).

Technological Advancements in Extraction and Processing Techniques

The development of extraction and processing methods through technology is a major factor propelling the global refined lecithin market. Advancements in extraction techniques facilitate the economical and efficient retrieval of lecithin from its native origins, including soybeans, sunflower seeds, and rapeseed. With the use of sophisticated extraction methods such as solvent extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis, and supercritical fluid extraction, producers may maximize lecithin yields while consuming less energy and waste.

By improving lecithin production's sustainability and scalability, these technological advancements help it satisfy the growing demand from a variety of industries. For example, using a novel form of separation technique called supercritical extraction, materials are separated based on how differently their properties change at different temperatures and pressures when they are in the supercritical state. Using a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method, lecithin with a purity of 95-98% can be extracted from the source.

Regulatory Constraints and Compliance Challenges

There are major obstacles to complying with regulations that affect the global market for refined lecithin. The regulatory environment that controls ingredients, processing aids, and food additives is intricate and dynamic. For producers and sellers of lecithin, adhering to the numerous rules, guidelines, and requirements set forth by national and international agencies might provide difficulties.

Furthermore, the classification of lecithin as a food additive or processing aid can impact regulatory requirements and labeling obligations. While lecithin is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used as a food additive in specified concentrations, its status and regulatory treatment may differ depending on factors such as source, purity, and intended use. Manufacturers must navigate these regulatory nuances and provide accurate product labeling and documentation to ensure compliance with applicable regulations.

Segment Analysis

The global refined lecithin market is segmented based on source, form, application, distribution channel, and region.

High Nutritional Profile of Soy Lecithin

Soybeans are one of the primary sources of lecithin, making soy-refined lecithin readily available and cost-effective compared to other sources such as sunflower or rapeseed. The abundance of soybeans as a raw material ensures a consistent and stable supply of soy-refined lecithin to meet the growing demand across various industries.

In terms of average prices, soy lecithin may range from $2 to $4 per kilogram, depending on factors such as purity, quality, and quantity purchased. Sunflower lecithin and rapeseed lecithin, being less commonly produced and potentially positioned as premium products, may be priced slightly higher, ranging from $3 to $5 per kilogram on average.

Moreover, soy-refined lecithin is highly valued for its nutritional profile and health benefits. Rich in phospholipids, essential fatty acids, and choline, soy lecithin provides valuable nutrients and functional components that support brain health, cardiovascular health, and liver function. It's natural origins and non-GMO status also align with consumer preferences for clean labels and sustainable ingredients, driving the demand for soy-refined lecithin in health-conscious markets.

Geographical Penetration

Refined Lecithin's Key Role in Health-Conscious Consumption and Industrial Expansion

The region's consumption of processed foods, baked goods, confectionery, and convenience products has expanded as a result of the growing population, fast urbanization, and rising disposable incomes. Refined lecithin is a critical functional ingredient that improves the texture, flavor, and shelf life of these products, satisfying Asian consumers' changing demands for upscale and decadent food options.

Furthermore, the Asia-Pacific region's growing emphasis on health and well-being has increased demand for natural and useful substances like lecithin. Customers are requesting more and more products that are made with non-GMO and clean-label ingredients, which is in line with lecithin's natural sources, which include sunflower and soybean seeds. Growing knowledge of lecithin's health advantages, such as its involvement in cardiovascular, neurological, and liver function, continues to spread, and demand for refined lecithin is expected to further escalate in the region.

The considerable players are increasing their R&D investments and expanding their business to maintain their position in the market. For instance, in December 2020, Renmatix and Cargill signed a joint development agreement to explore new technology to make label-friendly, functional food ingredients from unused plant materials to meet consumer demand. Similarly, Cargill Inc., one of the market leaders, set up R&D centers in Shanghai to offer innovative food ingredients.

COVID-19 Impact Analysis

The COVID-19 pandemic disturbed supply chains, reduced consumer spending, and caused a labor shortage, all of which had a significant effect on the global market for refined lecithin. Production and the acquisition of raw materials were delayed due to logistical challenges brought about by movement restrictions and lockdown protocols.

Another consequence of the economic downturn on the overall amount of refined lecithin utilized was a decrease in demand from the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics industries. However, the outbreak also highlighted how important functional additives, such as lecithin, are to enhancing product quality and shelf life, which supported demand in certain regions even during challenging economic times.

Russia-Ukraine War Impact Analysis

The Russia-Ukraine war has introduced geopolitical tensions and uncertainties that could potentially disrupt the global refined lecithin market. Both Russia and Ukraine are significant producers of soybeans and sunflower seeds, key raw materials for lecithin production. Any disruptions in the production, export, or transportation of these commodities could impact the supply chain and lead to price volatility in the refined lecithin market.

Furthermore, trade restrictions or sanctions imposed on Russia or Ukraine could further exacerbate supply chain disruptions, affecting the availability and pricing of refined lecithin globally. Companies operating in the market may need to diversify their supply sources and closely monitor geopolitical developments to mitigate risks associated with the Russia-Ukraine conflict.

By Source

• Soy
• Sunflower
• Canola
• Others

By Form

• Powder
• Liquid
• Granular
• Others

By Application

• Food and Beverage
• Pharmaceuticals
• Cosmetics & Personal Care
• Industrial
• Others

By Distribution Channel

• Supermarkets/Hypermarkets
• Online Retail
• Specialty Stores
• Others

By Region

• North America
  • U.S.
  • Canada
  • Mexico
• Europe
  • Germany
  • UK
  • France
  • Italy
  • Russia
  • Rest of Europe
• South America
  • Brazil
  • Argentina
  • Rest of South America
• Asia-Pacific
  • China
  • India
  • Japan
  • Australia
  • Rest of Asia-Pacific
• Middle East and Africa

Key Developments

• In August 2022, Louis Dreyfus Company Agricultural Industries LLC (LDC) announced the opening of its new soy liquid lecithin plant in Claypool, Indiana, US, positioning the site as the country's largest facility integrating soybean processing, biodiesel production, and glycerin and lecithin refining operations, as well as a food-grade packaging line and canola oil distribution terminal.
• In November 2022, a variety of lecithin granules was introduced by Novastell for usage in food and beverage applications. Soycithin G97 IP, a conventional soy lecithin that is non-GMO and fully traceable, and Suncithin G96, a sunflower lecithin that is likewise free of allergens, are both obtained from vegetal sources.
• In January 2022, to promote the use of chemical-resistant membrane technology in plant-based oil production processes, SEPPURE and GIIAVA signed a memorandum of understanding. The companies collaborated to create the process solution and put the technology into action in a Singaporean facility that produces soy lecithin.

Competitive Landscape

The major global players in the market include Cargill, Incorporated, ADM (Archer Daniels Midland Company), Bunge Limited, DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, Lipoid GmbH, American Lecithin Company, Thew Arnott & Co Ltd, Lasenor Emul, Lecico GmbH and Sternchemie GmbH & Co. KG.

Why Purchase the Report?

• To visualize the global refined lecithin market segmentation based on source, form, application, distribution channel, and region as well as understand key commercial assets and players.
• Identify commercial opportunities by analyzing trends and co-development.
• Excel data sheet with numerous data points of refined lecithin market-level with all segments.
• PDF report consists of a comprehensive analysis after exhaustive qualitative interviews and an in-depth study.
• Product mapping available as excel consisting of key products of all the major players.

The global refined lecithin market report would provide approximately 70 tables, 67 figures, and 209 Pages.

Target Audience 2023

• Manufacturers/ Buyers
• Industry Investors/Investment Bankers
• Research Professionals
• Emerging Companies

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

1.Methodology and Scope

• 1.1.Research Methodology
• 1.2.Research Objective and Scope of the Report

2.Definition and Overview

3.Executive Summary

• 3.1.Snippet by Source
• 3.2.Snippet by Form
• 3.3.Snippet by Application
• 3.4.Snippet by Distribution Channel
• 3.5.Snippet by Region

4.Dynamics

• 4.1.Impacting Factors
  • 4.1.1.Drivers
    • 4.1.1.1.Increasing Demand for Natural and Clean Label Ingredients
    • 4.1.1.2.Technological Advancements in Extraction and Processing Techniques
  • 4.1.2.Restraints
    • 4.1.2.1.Regulatory Constraints and Compliance Challenges
  • 4.1.3.Opportunity
  • 4.1.4.Impact Analysis

5.Industry Analysis

• 5.1.Porter's Five Force Analysis
• 5.2.Supply Chain Analysis
• 5.3.Pricing Analysis
• 5.4.Regulatory Analysis
• 5.5.Russia-Ukraine War Impact Analysis
• 5.6.DMI Opinion

6.COVID-19 Analysis

• 6.1.Analysis of COVID-19
  • 6.1.1.Scenario Before COVID
  • 6.1.2.Scenario During COVID
  • 6.1.3.Scenario Post COVID
• 6.2.Pricing Dynamics Amid COVID-19
• 6.3.Demand-Supply Spectrum
• 6.4.Government Initiatives Related to the Market During Pandemic
• 6.5.Manufacturers Strategic Initiatives
• 6.6.Conclusion

7.By Source

• 7.1.Introduction
  • 7.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Source
  • 7.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Source
• 7.2.Soy*
  • 7.2.1.Introduction
  • 7.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
• 7.3.Sunflower
• 7.4.Canola
• 7.5.Others

8.By Form

• 8.1.Introduction
  • 8.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Form
  • 8.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Form
• 8.2.Powder*
  • 8.2.1.Introduction
  • 8.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
• 8.3.Liquid
• 8.4.Granular
• 8.5.Others

9.By Application

• 9.1.Introduction
  • 9.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
  • 9.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Application
• 9.2.Food & Beverage*
  • 9.2.1.Introduction
  • 9.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
• 9.3.Pharmaceuticals
• 9.4.Cosmetics & Personal Care
• 9.5.Industrial
• 9.6.Others

10.By Distribution Channel

• 10.1.Introduction
  • 10.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
  • 10.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Distribution Channel
• 10.2.Supermarkets/Hypermarkets*
  • 10.2.1.Introduction
  • 10.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
• 10.3.Online Retail
• 10.4.Specialty Stores
• 10.5.Others

11.By Region

• 11.1.Introduction
  • 11.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Region
  • 11.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Region
• 11.2.North America
  • 11.2.1.Introduction
  • 11.2.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics

Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Source

• 11.2.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Form
• 11.2.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
• 11.2.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
• 11.2.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
  • 11.2.6.1.U.S.
  • 11.2.6.2.Canada
  • 11.2.6.3.Mexico
• 11.3.Europe
  • 11.3.1.Introduction
  • 11.3.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics

Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Source

• 11.3.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Form
• 11.3.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
• 11.3.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
• 11.3.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
  • 11.3.6.1.Germany
  • 11.3.6.2.UK
  • 11.3.6.3.France
  • 11.3.6.4.Italy
  • 11.3.6.5.Spain
  • 11.3.6.6.Rest of Europe
• 11.4.South America
  • 11.4.1.Introduction
  • 11.4.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics

Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Source

• 11.4.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Form
• 11.4.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
• 11.4.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
• 11.4.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
  • 11.4.6.1.Brazil
  • 11.4.6.2.Argentina
  • 11.4.6.3.Rest of South America
• 11.5.Asia-Pacific
  • 11.5.1.Introduction
  • 11.5.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
  • 11.5.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Source
  • 11.5.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Form
  • 11.5.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
  • 11.5.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
  • 11.5.7.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
    • 11.5.7.1.China
    • 11.5.7.2.India
    • 11.5.7.3.Japan
    • 11.5.7.4.Australia
    • 11.5.7.5.Rest of Asia-Pacific
• 11.6.Middle East and Africa
  • 11.6.1.Introduction
  • 11.6.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
  • 11.6.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Source
  • 11.6.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Form
  • 11.6.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
  • 11.6.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel

12.Competitive Landscape

• 12.1.Competitive Scenario
• 12.2.Market Positioning/Share Analysis
• 12.3.Mergers and Acquisitions Analysis

13.Company Profiles

• 13.1.Cargill, Incorporated*
  • 13.1.1.Company Overview
  • 13.1.2.Product Portfolio and Description
  • 13.1.3.Financial Overview
  • 13.1.4.Key Developments
• 13.2.ADM (Archer Daniels Midland Company)
• 13.3.Bunge Limited
• 13.4.DUPONT DE NEMOURS, INC.
• 13.5.Lipoid GmbH
• 13.6.American Lecithin Company
• 13.7.Thew Arnott & Co Ltd
• 13.8.Lasenor Emul
• 13.9.Lecico GmbH
• 13.10.Sternchemie GmbH & Co. KG

LIST NOT EXHAUSTIVE

14.Appendix

• 14.1.About Us and Services
• 14.2.Contact Us