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高麗人参サプリメントの世界市場-2023年～2030年

Global Ginseng Supplement Market - 2023-2030
出版日: | 発行: DataM Intelligence | ページ情報: 英文 250 Pages | 納期: 約2営業日

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高麗人参サプリメントの世界市場-2023年～2030年
出版日: 2024年03月26日
発行: DataM Intelligence
ページ情報: 英文 250 Pages
納期: 約2営業日
ご注意事項 :
本レポートは最新情報反映のため適宜更新し、内容構成変更を行う場合があります。ご検討の際はお問い合わせください。
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  • 概要
  • 目次
概要

概要

高麗人参サプリメントの世界市場は、2022年に4億2,212万米ドルに達し、2023年から2030年にかけてCAGR 5.8%で成長し、2030年には6億6,237万米ドルに達すると予測されています。

消費者は、健康と幸福をサポートするために、自然療法やサプリメントにますます目を向けるようになっています。高麗人参は、免疫力を高め、認知機能を強化し、エネルギーレベルを向上させるなどの潜在的な健康効果で知られており、この動向によく合致しています。製造業者は、多様な消費者の嗜好や健康ニーズに対応するため、高麗人参サプリメントの処方を絶えず革新し、新しいものを発表しています。

2022年12月、高麗人参の会社である韓国高麗人参公社（Korea Ginseng Corp.）は、創業123周年を記念していくつかの新商品を発表しました。オンラインでしか購入できない新製品には、女性用プロバイオティクス、ビートルート、アシュワガンダ、ミルクシスル、アメリカ人参、エルダーベリーが含まれます。いずれも特殊機能性サプリメントとされています。

アジア人参サプリメントは市場シェアの半分以上を占めています。同様に、アジア太平洋は高麗人参サプリメント市場を独占し、最大の市場シェアを獲得しています。中国や韓国のような国々に伝統医療における高麗人参の文化的使用が広まっているためです。さらに、高麗人参植物の生産、健康意識の高まり、可処分所得の増加が、この地域の市場支配に貢献しています。

ダイナミクス

自然療法・ハーブ療法への需要の高まり

高麗人参サプリメント市場の成長を支える重要な要因は、自然療法・ハーブ療法に対する需要の高まりです。消費者がますます健康とウェルネスを優先するようになるにつれて、合成薬に代わる自然療法への嗜好が高まっています。高麗人参サプリメントは、そのさまざまな健康効果と伝統的な漢方薬としての利用で知られており、さまざまな健康上の懸念に対する自然療法として人気を集めています。

高麗人参サプリメントは、従来の医薬品と比較して、その有効性と安全性が認められているため、消費者は高麗人参サプリメントに惹かれています。2021年4月、韓国のサプリメントブランドであるYoguthは、免疫の健康のために紅参とプロバイオティクスのサプリメントをシンガポールで発売しました。このような製品タイプのイノベーションは、免疫システムをサポートする自然療法を求める個人に対応するもので、予防ヘルスケアやハーブサプリメントの使用に対する幅広い傾向と一致しています。

高麗人参の効能に関する消費者の意識の高まり

高麗人参に関連するさまざまな健康効果に対する消費者の意識の高まりは、高麗人参サプリメント市場の成長を促す重要な要因です。エネルギーレベルの向上、認知機能の強化、ストレス管理の改善など、高麗人参を日常生活に取り入れることで得られる潜在的なメリットについて多くの人が知るようになるにつれ、高麗人参サプリメントの需要は増加の一途をたどっています。

こうした意識の高まりは、自然療法や伝統医学への関心の高まりに後押しされています。2023年6月、Dan's Farmaroot社はMVR Cash and Carry社との提携により、評判の高いDFEnergy高麗人参液体小袋をカナダ全土の独立系ガソリンスタンド、スーパーマーケット、コンビニエンスストアに導入すると発表しました。DFEエナジーは、1回分15MLの液体小袋入り（1箱20本入り）の画期的なエナジーサプリメントで、免疫系を強化し、疲労と闘う力を即座に体に与えます。

副作用と規制上の課題

頭痛、消化不良、睡眠障害、下痢、皮膚反応など、高麗人参の摂取に伴う副作用は、高麗人参サプリメント市場の成長を抑制する可能性があります。特に持病のある人や、高麗人参と相互作用する可能性のある薬を服用している人は、潜在的な副作用に対する懸念から、高麗人参サプリメントの使用を思いとどまる可能性があります。

厳しい規制や、地域によって異なるコンプライアンス要件が課題となる可能性もあります。高麗人参サプリメントは医療用としてFDAの認可を受けていないです。FDAの監視がなければ、高麗人参サプリメントの品質、純度、用量の規制や監視は限られている可能性があります。高麗人参サプリメントの安全性と信頼性に対する懸念は、潜在的な利用者を遠ざけ、消費者の信頼と需要の減少につながる可能性があります。

目次

第1章 調査手法と調査範囲

第2章 定義と概要

第3章 エグゼクティブサマリー

第4章 市場力学

  • 影響要因
    • 促進要因
      • 自然療法・ハーブ療法への需要の高まり
      • 高麗人参の効能に関する消費者の意識の高まり
    • 抑制要因
      • 副作用と規制上の課題
    • 機会
    • 影響分析

第5章 産業分析

  • ポーターのファイブフォース分析
  • サプライチェーン分析
  • 価格分析
  • 規制分析
  • ロシア・ウクライナ戦争の影響分析
  • DMIの見解

第6章 COVID-19分析

第7章 高麗人参タイプ別

  • アジア人参
  • アメリカ人参
  • その他

第8章 形態別

  • カプセル
  • 粉末
  • 液体
  • その他

第9章 用途別

  • 炎症の軽減
  • エネルギーレベルの向上
  • 免疫力向上
  • その他

第10章 エンドユーザー別

  • 子供
  • 10代
  • 中年
  • 高齢者

第11章 流通チャネル別

  • スーパーマーケット/ハイパーマーケット
  • 薬局
  • eコマース
  • その他

第12章 地域別

  • 北米
    • 米国
    • カナダ
    • メキシコ
  • 欧州
    • ドイツ
    • 英国
    • フランス
    • イタリア
    • ロシア
    • その他欧州
  • 南米
    • ブラジル
    • アルゼンチン
    • その他南米
  • アジア太平洋
    • 中国
    • インド
    • 日本
    • オーストラリア
    • その他アジア太平洋地域
  • 中東・アフリカ

第13章 競合情勢

  • 競合シナリオ
  • 市況/シェア分析
  • M&A分析

第14章 企業プロファイル

  • Korea Ginseng Corporation
    • 会社概要
    • 製品ポートフォリオと説明
    • 財務概要
    • 主な発展
  • NOW Foods
  • Nature's Bounty
  • Swanson
  • Puritan's Pride, Inc.
  • MotherTree Nutra Pvt. Ltd.
  • Ramini Bionutrition Pvt Ltd
  • Velnex Medicare
  • NutriSport Pharmacal, Inc.
  • AdvaCare Pharma

第15章 付録

目次
Product Code: FB8207

Overview

Global Ginseng Supplement Market reached US$ 422.12 million in 2022 and is expected to reach US$ 662.37 million by 2030, growing with a CAGR of 5.8% during the forecast period 2023-2030.

Consumers are increasingly turning towards natural remedies and supplements to support their health and well-being. Ginseng, known for its potential health benefits such as boosting immunity, enhancing cognitive function, and increasing energy levels, aligns well with this trend. Manufacturers are continuously innovating and introducing new ginseng supplement formulations to cater to diverse consumer preferences and health needs.

In December 2022, Korea Ginseng Corp., a ginseng company, unveiled several new items to commemorate its 123rd anniversary. The new products, which are only available online, include women's probiotics, beetroot root, ashwagandha, milk thistle, American ginseng, and elderberry. They are all considered special-function supplements.

The Asian ginseng supplement accounts for over half of the market share. Similarly, the Asia-Pacific dominates the Ginseng Supplement market, capturing the largest market share. due to the widespread cultural use of ginseng in traditional medicine across countries like China and Korea. Additionally, production of ginseng plants, growing health consciousness and increasing disposable incomes contribute to the region's dominance in the market

Dynamics

Rising Demand for Natural and Herbal Remedies

The rising demand for natural and herbal remedies is a significant driver behind the growth of the ginseng supplement market. As consumers increasingly prioritize health and wellness, there is a growing preference for natural alternatives to synthetic medications. Ginseng supplements, known for their various health benefits and traditional use in herbal medicine, are gaining popularity as a natural remedy for a wide range of health concerns.

Consumers are drawn to ginseng supplements for their perceived efficacy and safety compared to conventional pharmaceuticals. In April 2021, Yoguth, a South Korean supplement brand introduced red ginseng with probiotic supplements in Singapore for immune health. These type of product innovations caters to individuals seeking natural remedies to support their immune systems, aligning with the broader trend towards preventive healthcare and the use of herbal supplements.

Rising Awareness Among Consumers About the Benefits Associated with Ginseng

The rising awareness among consumers about the various health benefits associated with ginseng is a significant driver of growth in the ginseng supplement market. As more people become informed about the potential advantages of incorporating ginseng into their daily routines, such as improved energy levels, enhanced cognitive function, and better stress management, the demand for ginseng supplements continues to increase.

This heightened awareness is fueled by growing interest in natural remedies and traditional medicine practices. In June 2023, through a partnership with MVR Cash and Carry Dan's Farmaroot announced the introduction of its acclaimed DFEnergy ginseng liquid sachets into independent petrol, supermarket and convenience stores across Canada. DFEnergy is an innovative energy supplement that comes in single-serve 15ML liquid sachets (20 per box), providing the body with an immediate boost that strengthens the immune system and helps combat fatigue.

Side Effects and Regulatory Challenges

Side effects associated with ginseng consumption, such as headaches, digestive issues, and sleep problems, diarrhea, skin reactions, etc., can restrain the growth of the ginseng supplement market. Concerns about potential adverse reactions may deter some consumers from using ginseng supplements, particularly those with pre-existing health conditions or those taking medications that could interact with ginseng.

Stringent regulations and varying compliance requirements across different regions can pose challenges. Ginseng supplements haven't been approved by the FDA for medical use. Without FDA oversight, there may be limited regulation and monitoring of the quality, purity, and dosage of ginseng supplements. Concerns about the safety and reliability of ginseng supplements can deter potential users, leading to decreased consumer confidence and demand.

Segment Analysis

The global ginseng supplement market is segmented based on ginseng type, form, application, end-user, distribution channel and region.

Asian Ginseng's Long-Standing Reputation and Perceived Health Benefits

By ginseng type, Asian ginseng holds a significant share in the ginseng supplement market due to its long-standing reputation for medicinal and therapeutic properties. Asian ginseng, also known as Panax ginseng, is highly valued in traditional Chinese medicine and has been used for centuries to promote overall health and vitality. It is believed to possess adaptogenic properties, helping the body adapt to stress and support immune function.

In December 2023, Korea Ginseng Corp. (KGC) launched a new health supplement product on Wednesday that contains edible bird nests in an attempt to strategically target Chinese consumers. The newest offering from KGC's red ginseng brand, JungKwanJang, includes ampoule bottles containing red ginseng extracts, (Asian ginseng,) swallow nest extracts, and Iranian pomegranate extracts.

Geographical Penetration

Asia-Pacific's Rich Cultural Heritage and Robust Production of Ginseng

Asia-Pacific has been a dominant force in the global ginseng supplement market. Ginseng has been used in traditional Asian medicine for centuries, particularly in countries like China, Korea, and Japan. China is the world's top producer of ginseng, according to Earth Observatory, a division of the EOS Project Science Office at NASA Goddard Space Flight Centre. Likewise, according to the Jilin Ginseng Industry Association Jilin produces 60% of China's ginseng.

This signifies a steady and reliable source of ginseng, which can meet the increasing demand for ginseng supplements. Additionally, with increasing health awareness and a shift towards natural remedies, consumers in the Asia-Pacific region are turning to ginseng supplements for their perceived health benefits. Ginseng is believed to have adaptogenic properties, helping the body cope with stress and promoting overall well-being, which aligns with the health-conscious trend in the region.

COVID-19 Impact Analysis

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic created challenges for industries worldwide, including the global ginseng supplement market. The war created disruptions in the supply chain due to lockdowns, restrictions on movement, and labor shortages. These disruptions have affected both the production and distribution of ginseng supplements, leading to potential shortages and price fluctuations.

However, the pandemic has heightened awareness about health and wellness among consumers. Many people have become more conscious of the importance of maintaining a healthy immune system and are turning to supplements like ginseng to support their overall well-being. This increased awareness has contributed to the growth of the ginseng supplement market.

Russia-Ukraine War Impact Analysis

The war disrupted global supply chains and affected the availability of raw materials and finished products. The conflict escalated and led to broader disruptions in trade routes or diplomatic tensions, it impacted the ginseng supplement market by affecting logistics and distribution channels. The war led to economic uncertainty, which affected consumer behavior. Consumers were more cautious with their spending and prioritized essential goods over supplements like ginseng. This led to a slowdown in demand for ginseng supplements, affecting sales and profitability for manufacturers and retailers.

By Ginseng Type

  • Asian ginseng
  • American ginseng
  • Others

By Form

  • Capsules
  • Powders
  • Liquids
  • Others

By Application

  • Reducing Inflammation
  • Improving Energy Levels
  • Boosting Immunity
  • Others

By End User

  • Children
  • Teenagers
  • Middle-aged
  • Senior

By Distribution Channel

  • Supermarket/Hypermarket
  • Pharmacies
  • E-Commerce
  • Others

By Region

  • North America
    • U.S.
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • Germany
    • UK
    • France
    • Italy
    • Russia
    • Rest of Europe
  • South America
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
    • Rest of South America
  • Asia-Pacific
    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • Australia
    • Rest of Asia-Pacific
  • Middle East and Africa

Key Developments

  • In January 2022, Immunity Bloom, an India-based startup, a new line of dietary food supplements. These supplements are created from genuine Korean ginseng that is imported straight from South Korea.
  • In March 2022, Korea Ginseng Corporation (KGC), a producer of Korean Red Ginseng products, introduced its KORESELECT product range in the U.S. market. The line of supplements which included six-year-grown red ginseng, was presented at Natural Products Expo West 2022.
  • In January 2023, Parable entered the wellness market and launched Daily, billed as a brain care supplement. Ginseng, green tea extract, and vitamins B6, B9, and B12 are included in the mixture.
  • In June 2021, Cipla Health. n Indian multinational pharmaceutical company, launched Maxirich Gold Supplement. In addition to the goodness of ten vitamins and nine minerals, Maxirich Gold contains high-purity grade ginseng extract.

Competitive Landscape

The major global players in the market include Korea Ginseng Corporation, NOW Foods, Nature's Bounty, Swanson, Puritan's Pride, Inc., MotherTree Nutra Pvt. Ltd., Ramini Bionutrition Pvt Ltd, Velnex Medicare, NutriSport Pharmacal, Inc., AdvaCare Pharma.

Why Purchase the Report?

  • To visualize the global ginseng supplement market segmentation based on ginseng type, form, application, end-user, distribution channel and region, as well as understand key commercial assets and players.
  • Identify commercial opportunities by analyzing trends and co-development.
  • Excel data sheet with numerous data points of ginseng supplement market-level with all segments.
  • PDF report consists of a comprehensive analysis after exhaustive qualitative interviews and an in-depth study.
  • Product mapping available as excel consisting of key products of all the major players.

The global ginseng supplement market report would provide approximately 78 tables, 76 figures and 250 Pages.

Target Audience 2023

  • Manufacturers/ Buyers
  • Industry Investors/Investment Bankers
  • Research Professionals
  • Emerging Companies

Table of Contents

1.Methodology and Scope

  • 1.1.Research Methodology
  • 1.2.Research Objective and Scope of the Report

2.Definition and Overview

3.Executive Summary

  • 3.1.Snippet by Ginseng Type
  • 3.2.Snippet by Form
  • 3.3.Snippet by Application
  • 3.4.Snippet by End-User
  • 3.5.Snippet by Distribution Channel
  • 3.6.Snippet by Region

4.Dynamics

  • 4.1.Impacting Factors
    • 4.1.1.Drivers
      • 4.1.1.1.Rising Demand for Natural and Herbal Remedies
      • 4.1.1.2.Rising Awareness Among Consumers About the Benefits Associated with Ginseng
    • 4.1.2.Restraints
      • 4.1.2.1.Side Effects and Regulatory Challenges
    • 4.1.3.Opportunity
    • 4.1.4.Impact Analysis

5.Industry Analysis

  • 5.1.Porter's Five Force Analysis
  • 5.2.Supply Chain Analysis
  • 5.3.Pricing Analysis
  • 5.4.Regulatory Analysis
  • 5.5.Russia-Ukraine War Impact Analysis
  • 5.6.DMI Opinion

6.COVID-19 Analysis

  • 6.1.Analysis of COVID-19
    • 6.1.1.Scenario Before COVID
    • 6.1.2.Scenario During COVID
    • 6.1.3.Scenario Post COVID
  • 6.2.Pricing Dynamics Amid COVID-19
  • 6.3.Demand-Supply Spectrum
  • 6.4.Government Initiatives Related to the Market During Pandemic
  • 6.5.Manufacturers Strategic Initiatives
  • 6.6.Conclusion

7.By Ginseng Type

  • 7.1.Introduction
    • 7.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Ginseng Type
    • 7.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Ginseng Type
  • 7.2.Asian ginseng*
    • 7.2.1.Introduction
    • 7.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 7.3.American ginseng
  • 7.4.Others

8.By Form

  • 8.1.Introduction
    • 8.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Form
    • 8.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Form
  • 8.2.Capsules*
    • 8.2.1.Introduction
    • 8.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 8.3.Powders
  • 8.4.Liquids
  • 8.5.Others

9.By Application

  • 9.1.Introduction
    • 9.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 9.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Application
  • 9.2.Reducing Inflammation*
    • 9.2.1.Introduction
    • 9.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 9.3.Improving Energy Levels
  • 9.4.Boosting Immunity
  • 9.5.Others

10.By End-User

  • 10.1.Introduction
    • 10.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 10.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By End-User
  • 10.2.Children*
    • 10.2.1.Introduction
    • 10.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 10.3.Teenagers
  • 10.4.Middle-aged
  • 10.5.Senior

11.By Distribution Channel

  • 11.1.Introduction
    • 11.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
    • 11.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Distribution Channel
  • 11.2.Supermarket/Hypermarket*
    • 11.2.1.Introduction
    • 11.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 11.3.Pharmacies
  • 11.4.E-Commerce
  • 11.5.Others

12.By Region

  • 12.1.Introduction
    • 12.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Region
    • 12.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Region
  • 12.2.North America
    • 12.2.1.Introduction
    • 12.2.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 12.2.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Ginseng Type
    • 12.2.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Form
    • 12.2.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 12.2.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 12.2.7.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
    • 12.2.8.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 12.2.8.1.U.S.
      • 12.2.8.2.Canada
      • 12.2.8.3.Mexico
  • 12.3.Europe
    • 12.3.1.Introduction
    • 12.3.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 12.3.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Ginseng Type
    • 12.3.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Form
    • 12.3.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 12.3.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 12.3.7.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
    • 12.3.8.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 12.3.8.1.Germany
      • 12.3.8.2.UK
      • 12.3.8.3.France
      • 12.3.8.4.Italy
      • 12.3.8.5.Russia
      • 12.3.8.6.Rest of Europe
  • 12.4.South America
    • 12.4.1.Introduction
    • 12.4.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 12.4.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Ginseng Type
    • 12.4.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Form
    • 12.4.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 12.4.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 12.4.7.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
    • 12.4.8.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 12.4.8.1.Brazil
      • 12.4.8.2.Argentina
      • 12.4.8.3.Rest of South America
  • 12.5.Asia-Pacific
    • 12.5.1.Introduction
    • 12.5.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 12.5.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Ginseng Type
    • 12.5.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Form
    • 12.5.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 12.5.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 12.5.7.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
    • 12.5.8.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 12.5.8.1.China
      • 12.5.8.2.India
      • 12.5.8.3.Japan
      • 12.5.8.4.Australia
      • 12.5.8.5.Rest of Asia-Pacific
  • 12.6.Middle East and Africa
    • 12.6.1.Introduction
    • 12.6.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 12.6.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Ginseng Type
    • 12.6.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Form
    • 12.6.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 12.6.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 12.6.7.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel

13.Competitive Landscape

  • 13.1.Competitive Scenario
  • 13.2.Market Positioning/Share Analysis
  • 13.3.Mergers and Acquisitions Analysis

14.Company Profiles

  • 14.1.Korea Ginseng Corporation*
    • 14.1.1.Company Overview
    • 14.1.2.Product Portfolio and Description
    • 14.1.3.Financial Overview
    • 14.1.4.Key Developments
  • 14.2.NOW Foods
  • 14.3.Nature's Bounty
  • 14.4.Swanson
  • 14.5.Puritan's Pride, Inc.
  • 14.6.MotherTree Nutra Pvt. Ltd.
  • 14.7.Ramini Bionutrition Pvt Ltd
  • 14.8.Velnex Medicare
  • 14.9.NutriSport Pharmacal, Inc.
  • 14.10.AdvaCare Pharma

LIST NOT EXHAUSTIVE

15.Appendix

  • 15.1.About Us and Services
  • 15.2.Contact Us