サンプル依頼リスト カート
  • English
  • Korean
  • Traditional Chinese
  • Simplified Chinese
デフォルト表紙
市場調査レポート
商品コード
1393926

カーボンニュートラル燃料の世界市場、予測（～2030年）

Carbon-neutral fuels Market Research Report Forecast to 2030
出版日: | 発行: Market Research Future | ページ情報: 英文 140 Pages | 納期: 即納可能 即納可能とは

価格
価格表記: USDを日本円(税抜)に換算
本日の銀行送金レート: 1USD=157.14円
カーボンニュートラル燃料の世界市場、予測（～2030年）
出版日: 2023年12月02日
発行: Market Research Future
ページ情報: 英文 140 Pages
納期: 即納可能 即納可能とは
  • 全表示
  • 概要
  • 図表
  • 目次
概要

世界のカーボンニュートラル燃料の市場規模は、調査期間にCAGRで7.42%の成長が予測されています。バイオエタノールに対する政府の推進により、カーボンニュートラル燃料への関心が高まっています。

都市化の拡大、エネルギー利用の増大、自然災害の増加など、多くの理由により、世界のバイオエタノール使用の増加が見込まれています。

地域の分析

北米市場が2022年に相対的に大きな市場シェアを占めました。

欧州連合は、バイオエタノール自動車の製造に向け、6ヶ国を対象としてBioethanol for Supportable Transportation（BEST）プログラムを開始しました。

当レポートでは、世界のカーボンニュートラル燃料市場について調査分析し、市場力学、地域とセグメントの分析、企業プロファイルなどを提供しています。

目次

第1章 エグゼクティブサマリー

  • 市場の魅力分析
    • 世界のカーボンニュートラル燃料市場：原料別
    • 世界のカーボンニュートラル燃料市場：タイプ別
    • 世界のカーボンニュートラル燃料市場：用途別

第2章 市場のイントロダクション

第3章 調査手法

第4章 市場力学

  • イントロダクション
  • 促進要因
    • バイオエタノールに対する政府の取り組みの高まり
  • 抑制要因
    • カーボンニュートラル燃料の高い生産コスト
  • 機会
    • 航空産業におけるカーボンニュートラル燃料の使用の増加
  • 課題
    • 保管と輸送における困難

第5章 市場要因の分析

  • サプライチェーン分析
    • 原材料のサプライヤー
    • カーボンニュートラル燃料メーカー
    • 流通・販売チャネル
    • 用途
  • ポーターのファイブフォース分析
  • 規制の枠組み

第6章 世界のカーボンニュートラル燃料市場：原料別

  • 概要
  • 二酸化炭素
  • 水素
  • 植物でんぷん
  • 動物性脂肪
  • 植物油
  • その他

第7章 世界のカーボンニュートラル燃料市場：タイプ別

  • イントロダクション
  • 水素電池
  • バイオディーゼル
  • バイオブタノール
  • メタノール
  • 藻類
  • その他

第8章 世界のカーボンニュートラル燃料市場：用途別

  • 概要
  • 自動車
  • 船舶
  • 航空機
  • 列車
  • 発電
  • 化学品
  • その他

第9章 世界のカーボンニュートラル燃料市場：地域別

  • 概要
  • 北米
    • 米国
    • カナダ
  • 欧州
    • ドイツ
    • ロシア
    • フランス
    • イタリア
    • 英国
    • スペイン
    • その他の欧州
  • アジア太平洋
    • 中国
    • インド
    • 日本
    • 韓国
    • その他のアジア太平洋
  • ラテンアメリカ
    • ブラジル
    • メキシコ
    • アルゼンチン
    • その他のラテンアメリカ
  • 中東・アフリカ
    • サウジアラビア
    • トルコ
    • イスラエル
    • アラブ首長国連邦
    • 南アフリカ
    • その他の中東・アフリカ

第10章 競合情勢

  • 競合の概要
  • 競合ベンチマーキング
  • 市場シェア分析
  • 主な発展と成長戦略

第11章 企業プロファイル

  • CARBON ENGINEERING LTD.
  • POET, LLC.
  • ADM
  • THE ANDERSONS, INC.
  • RAÍZEN
  • COPERSUCAR
  • ABENGOA
  • WILMAR INTERNATIONAL LTD
  • BUNGE NORTH AMERICA, INC.
  • RENEWABLE ENERGY GROUP
  • WORLD ENERGY
  • VERBIO AG

第12章 付録

図表

LIST OF TABLES

  • TABLE 1 WORLD POPULATION IN MAJOR REGIONS (2017-2024)
  • TABLE 2 GLOBAL CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY REGION, 2017-2027
  • TABLE 3 NORTH AMERICA: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2017-2027
  • TABLE 4 EUROPE: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2017-2027
  • TABLE 5 ASIA-PACIFIC: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2017-2027
  • TABLE 6 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2017-2027
  • TABLE 7 LATIN AMERICA: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2017-2027
  • TABLE 8 GLOBAL CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS FEEDSTOCK MARKET, BY REGION, 2017-2027
  • TABLE 9 NORTH AMERICA: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS FEEDSTOCK MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2017-2027
  • TABLE10 EUROPE: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS FEEDSTOCK MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2017-2027
  • TABLE11 ASIA-PACIFIC: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS FEEDSTOCK MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2017-2027
  • TABLE12 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS FEEDSTOCK MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2017-2027
  • TABLE13 LATIN AMERICA: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS FEEDSTOCK MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2017-2027
  • TABLE14 GLOBAL CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS TYPE MARKET, BY REGION, 2017-2027
  • TABLE15 NORTH AMERICA: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS TYPE MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2017-2027
  • TABLE16 EUROPE: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS TYPE MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2017-2027
  • TABLE17 ASIA-PACIFIC: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS TYPE MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2017-2027
  • TABLE18 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS TYPE MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2017-2027
  • TABLE19 LATIN AMERICA: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS TYPE MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2017-2027
  • TABLE 20 GLOBAL CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS APPLICATION MARKET, BY REGION, 2017-2027
  • TABLE 21 NORTH AMERICA: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS APPLICATION MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2017-2027
  • TABLE 22 EUROPE: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS APPLICATION MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2017-2027
  • TABLE 23 ASIA-PACIFIC: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS APPLICATION MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2017-2027
  • TABLE 24 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS APPLICATION MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2017-2027
  • TABLE 25 LATIN AMERICA: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS APPLICATION MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2017-2027
  • TABLE26 GLOBAL FEEDSTOCK MARKET, BY REGION, 2017-2027
  • TABLE27 GLOBAL TYPE MARKET, BY REGION, 2017-2027<
  • TABLE28 NORTH AMERICA: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY COUNTRY<
  • TABLE29 NORTH AMERICA: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY FEEDSTOCK
  • TABLE30 NORTH AMERICA: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY TYPE
  • TABLE31 NORTH AMERICA: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY APPLICATION
  • TABLE32 EUROPE: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY COUNTRY
  • TABLE33 EUROPE: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY FEEDSTOCK
  • TABLE34 EUROPE: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY TYPE
  • TABLE35 EUROPE: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY APPLICATION
  • TABLE36 ASIA-PACIFIC: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY COUNTRY
  • TABLE37 ASIA-PACIFIC: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY FEEDSTOCK
  • TABLE38 ASIA-PACIFIC: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY TYPE
  • TABLE39 ASIA-PACIFIC: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY APPLICATION
  • TABLE40 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY COUNTRY
  • TABLE40 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY FEEDSTOCK
  • TABLE41 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY TYPE
  • TABLE42 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY APPLICATION
  • TABLE44 LATIN AMERICA: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY COUNTRY
  • TABLE45 LATIN AMERICA: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY FEEDSTOCK
  • TABLE46 LATIN AMERICA: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY TYPE
  • TABLE47 LATIN AMERICA: CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY APPLICATION

LIST OF FIGURES

  • FIGURE 1 GLOBAL CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET SEGMENTATION
  • FIGURE 2 FORECAST METHODOLOGY
  • FIGURE 3 FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET
  • FIGURE 4 VALUE CHAIN OF GLOBAL CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET
  • FIGURE 5 SHARE OF GLOBAL CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET IN 2017, BY COUNTRY (%)
  • FIGURE 6 GLOBAL CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, 2017-2027,
  • FIGURE 7 SUB-SEGMENTS OF CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY FEEDSTOCK
  • FIGURE 10 GLOBAL CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET SIZE, BY FEEDSTOCK, 2017
  • FIGURE 10 SHARE OF GLOBAL CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY FEEDSTOCK, 2017-2027
  • FIGURE 10 GLOBAL CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2017
  • FIGURE 11 SHARE OF GLOBAL CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2017-2027
  • FIGURE 12 GLOBAL CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2017
  • FIGURE 13 SHARE OF GLOBAL CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2017-2027
目次
Product Code: MRFR/CnM/6701-CR

Market Overview

Carbon-neutral fuels Market is anticipated to register a significant CAGR of 7.42% during the review period.

Rising government drives for bioethanol are projected to help the interest for carbon-neutral fuels during the conjecture time frame. The rising utilization of carbon-neutral fuel in the flying business is supposed to set out open doors for the Carbon-neutral fuels Market before very long. Carbon-neutral fuels were created as an option in contrast to the fluid fuels that are generally consumed in gas powered motors. These fuels are carbon neutral. The expression "carbon-neutral fuel" depicts a fuel that consumes without adding to or deducting from the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. When consumed, carbon-neutral fuels really do deliver ozone depleting substances, like carbon dioxide. However, discharges from fuels that are carbon-neutral outcome in a net-no expansion in environmental carbon. This is since carbon dioxide is many times utilized in the fuels' engineered cycle.

Many reasons, including expanding urbanization, rising energy utilization, and rising natural worries, are expected to fuel an ascent in the worldwide use of bioethanol. Furthermore, bioethanol is supposed to turn out to be more inescapable as a transportation fuel over different geographic regions because of its lower carbon impression than regular fuels and government help on both a strategy and a levy level. The area is supposed to develop fundamentally because of various guidelines, including the Perfect Air Act and those pointed toward decreasing ozone harming substance outflows.

Market Segmentation

The Carbon-neutral fuels Market segmentation, based on feedstock has been segmented as Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen, Plant Starches, Animal Fats, Vegetable Oil, and Others.

Based on Type the market is classified into Biodiesel, Algae, Bioethanol, Hydrogen Cells, Biobutanol, Methanol, and Others.

Based on Application, the Carbon-neutral fuels Market is segmented as Automobiles, Ships, Aircrafts, Trains, Power Generation, Chemicals, and Others.

Regional Analysis

The North America market represented a relatively critical market share in 2022. This is because of the fast take-up of carbon estimating, rising ubiquity of manageability and environmentally friendly power, and fixing guidelines for compelling waste administration. The central legislature of Canada has laid out an objective of accomplishing net-zero carbon discharges constantly 2050 and is attempting to improve the utilization of environmentally friendly power sources like breeze and sun-oriented power while likewise creating some distance from petroleum products. The organization in the US has vowed to diminish outflows by 40%-half under 2005 levels by 2030, which remembers making ventures for environmentally friendly power sources, laying out a perfect power standard, and increasing eco-friendliness expectations.

The European Association began the Bioethanol for Supportable Transportation (BEST) program, which contains six countries, to create bioethanol autos. The European Association offered monetary help for the four-year Bioethanol for Feasible Vehicle (BEST) project, which advanced the presentation and market entrance of bioethanol as a vehicle fuel as well as the presentation and expanded utilization of adaptable fuel vehicles and ethanol-controlled vehicles on the worldwide market.

Major Players

The Mitsui Kinzoku, Umcor, Nanoshell LLC, American Element ADM, POET, LLC and Pometon Powder are some of the key players operating in the global market.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

  • 1.1. MARKET ATTRACTIVENESS ANALYSIS
    • 1.1.1 GLOBAL CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY FEEDSTOCK
    • 1.1.2 GLOBAL CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY TYPE
    • 1.1.3 GLOBAL CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY APPLICATION

2. MARKET INTRODUCTION

  • 2.1. DEFINITION
  • 2.2. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
  • 2.3. MARKET STRUCTURE

3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

  • 3.1. RESEARCH PROCESS
  • 3.2. PRIMARY RESEARCH
  • 3.3. SECONDARY RESEARCH
  • 3.4. MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION
  • 3.5. FORECAST MODEL
  • 3.6. LIST OF ASSUMPTIONS
  • 3.7. LIST OF ASSUMPTIONS & LIMITATIONS

4. MARKET DYNAMICS

  • 4.1. INTRODUCTION
  • 4.2. DRIVERS
    • 4.2.1. RISING GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES FOR BIOETHANOL
  • 4.3. RESTRAINTS
    • 4.3.1. HIGH PRODUCTION COST OF CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS
  • 4.4. OPPORTUNITIES
    • 4.4.1. RISING USE OF CARBON-NEUTRAL FUEL IN THE AVIATION INDUSTRY
  • 4.5. CHALLENGE
    • 4.5.1. DIFFICULTY IN STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION

5. MARKET FACTOR ANALYSIS

  • 5.1. SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS
    • 5.1.1. RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS
    • 5.1.2. CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MANUFACTURERS
    • 5.1.3. DISTRIBUTION & SALES CHANNEL
    • 5.1.4. APPLICATION
  • 5.2. PORTER'S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
    • 5.2.1. THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS
    • 5.2.2. BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS
    • 5.2.3. THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES
    • 5.2.4. BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS
    • 5.2.5. INTENSITY OF RIVALRY
  • 5.3. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

6. GLOBAL CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY FEEDSTOCK

  • 6.1. OVERVIEW
  • 6.2. CARBON DIOXIDE
  • 6.3. HYDROGEN
  • 6.4. PLANT STARCHES
  • 6.5. ANIMAL FATS
  • 6.6. VEGETABLE OIL
  • 6.7. OTHERS

7. GLOBAL CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY TYPE

  • 7.1. INTRODUCTION
  • 7.2. HYDROGEN CELLS
  • 7.3. BIODIESEL
  • 7.4. BIOBUTANOL
  • 7.5. BIOBUTANOL
  • 7.6. METHANOL
  • 7.7. ALGAE
  • 7.8. OTHERS

8. GLOBAL CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY APPLICATION

  • 8.1. OVERVIEW
  • 8.2. AUTOMOBILES
  • 8.3. SHIPS
  • 8.4. AIRCRAFTS
  • 8.5. TRAINS
  • 8.6. POWER GENERATION
  • 8.7. CHEMICALS
  • 8.8. OTHERS

9. GLOBAL CARBON-NEUTRAL FUELS MARKET, BY REGION

  • 9.1. OVERVIEW
  • 9.2. NORTH AMERICA
    • 9.2.1. US
    • 9.2.2. CANADA
  • 9.3. EUROPE
    • 9.3.1. GERMANY
    • 9.3.2. RUSSIA
    • 9.3.3. FRANCE
    • 9.3.4. ITALY
    • 9.3.5. UK
    • 9.3.6. SPAIN
    • 9.3.7. REST OF EUROPE
  • 9.4. ASIA-PACIFIC
    • 9.4.1. CHINA
    • 9.4.2. INDIA
    • 9.4.3. JAPAN
    • 9.4.4. SOUTH KOREA
    • 9.4.5. REST OF ASIA-PACIFIC
  • 9.5. LATIN AMERICA
    • 9.5.1. BRAZIL
    • 9.5.2. MEXICO
    • 9.5.3. ARGENTINA
    • 9.5.4. REST OF LATIN AMERICA
  • 9.6. MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA
    • 9.6.1. SAUDI ARABIA
    • 9.6.2. TURKEY
    • 9.6.3. ISRAEL
    • 9.6.4. UAE
    • 9.6.5. SOUTH AFRICA
    • 9.6.6. REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA

10. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

  • 10.1. COMPETITIVE OVERVIEW
  • 10.2. COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING
  • 10.3. MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS
  • 10.4. KEY DEVELOPMENTS AND GROWTH STRATEGIES

11. COMPANY PROFILES

  • 11.1. CARBON ENGINEERING LTD.
    • 11.1.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
    • 11.1.2. FINANCIAL OVERVIEW
    • 11.1.3. PRODUCTS OFFERED
    • 11.1.4. KEY DEVELOPMENTS
    • 11.1.5. SWOT ANALYSIS
    • 11.1.6. KEY STRATEGIES
  • 11.2. POET, LLC.
    • 11.2.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
    • 11.2.2. FINANCIAL OVERVIEW
    • 11.2.3. PRODUCTS OFFERED
    • 11.2.4. KEY DEVELOPMENTS
    • 11.2.5. SWOT ANALYSIS
    • 11.2.6. KEY STRATEGIES
  • 11.3. ADM
    • 11.3.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
    • 11.3.2. FINANCIAL OVERVIEW
    • 11.3.3. PRODUCTS OFFERED
    • 11.3.4. KEY DEVELOPMENTS
    • 11.3.5. SWOT ANALYSIS
    • 11.3.6. KEY STRATEGIES
  • 11.4. THE ANDERSONS, INC.
    • 11.4.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
    • 11.4.2. FINANCIAL OVERVIEW
    • 11.4.3. PRODUCTS OFFERED
    • 11.4.4. KEY DEVELOPMENTS
    • 11.4.5. SWOT ANALYSIS
    • 11.4.6. KEY STRATEGIES
  • 10.5. RAÍZEN
    • 11.5.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
    • 11.5.2. FINANCIAL OVERVIEW
    • 11.5.3. PRODUCTS OFFERED
    • 11.5.4. KEY DEVELOPMENTS
    • 11.5.5. SWOT ANALYSIS
    • 11.5.6. KEY STRATEGIES
  • 11.6. COPERSUCAR
    • 11.6.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
    • 11.6.2. FINANCIAL OVERVIEW
    • 11.6.3. PRODUCTS OFFERED
    • 11.6.4. KEY DEVELOPMENTS
    • 11.6.5. SWOT ANALYSIS
    • 11.6.6. KEY STRATEGIES
  • 11.7. ABENGOA
    • 11.7.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
    • 11.7.2. FINANCIAL OVERVIEW
    • 11.7.3. PRODUCTS OFFERED
    • 11.7.4. KEY DEVELOPMENTS
    • 11.7.5. SWOT ANALYSIS
    • 11.7.6. KEY STRATEGIES
  • 11.8. WILMAR INTERNATIONAL LTD
    • 11.8.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
    • 11.8.2. FINANCIAL OVERVIEW
    • 11.8.3. PRODUCTS OFFERED
    • 11.8.4. KEY DEVELOPMENTS
    • 11.8.5. SWOT ANALYSIS
    • 11.8.6. KEY STRATEGIES
  • 11.9. BUNGE NORTH AMERICA, INC.
    • 11.9.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
    • 11.9.2. FINANCIAL OVERVIEW
    • 11.9.3. PRODUCTS OFFERED
    • 11.9.4. KEY DEVELOPMENTS
    • 11.9.5. SWOT ANALYSIS
    • 11.9.6. KEY STRATEGIES
  • 11.10. RENEWABLE ENERGY GROUP
    • 11.10.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
    • 11.10.2. FINANCIAL OVERVIEW
    • 11.10.3. PRODUCTS OFFERED
    • 11.10.4. KEY DEVELOPMENTS
    • 11.10.5. SWOT ANALYSIS
    • 11.10.6. KEY STRATEGIES
  • 11.11. WORLD ENERGY
    • 11.11.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
    • 11.11.2. FINANCIAL OVERVIEW
    • 11.11.3. PRODUCTS OFFERED
    • 11.11.4. KEY DEVELOPMENTS
    • 11.11.5. SWOT ANALYSIS
    • 11.11.6. KEY STRATEGIES
  • 11.12. VERBIO AG
    • 11.12.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
    • 11.12.2. FINANCIAL OVERVIEW
    • 11.12.3. PRODUCTS OFFERED
    • 11.12.4. KEY DEVELOPMENTS
    • 11.12.5. SWOT ANALYSIS
    • 11.12.6. KEY STRATEGIES

12. APPENDIX

  • 12.1.REFERENCES
  • 12.2. RELATED REPORTS