マイクロ・ナノPLC市場レポート：動向、予測、競合分析 (2031年まで)

世界のマイクロ・ナノPLC市場の将来は、自動車、化学製品・肥料、飲食品、ホーム・ビルディングオートメーション、金属・鉱業、石油・ガス、医薬品、パルプ・製紙の各市場における機会で有望視されています。世界のマイクロ・ナノPLC市場は、2025年から2031年までのCAGRが6.2%で、2031年までに推定139億米ドルに達すると予想されます。この市場の主な促進要因は、コンパクトでエネルギー効率の高いオートメーションソリューションに対する需要の高まり、製造プロセスにおける接続性、柔軟性、データ主導の意思決定の重視、IoTおよびインダストリー4.0技術の進歩です。

• Lucintelでは、種類別ではマイクロPLCが予測期間中に高い成長を遂げると予測しています。
• 最終用途別では、自動車が最大のセグメントであり続けると思われます。
• 地域別では予測期間中、アジア太平洋が最も高い成長が見込まれます。

マイクロ・ナノPLC市場の戦略的成長機会

マイクロ・ナノPLC市場には、技術の進歩、自動化ニーズの増加、進化する産業界の需要に牽引されるさまざまな戦略的成長機会があります。これらの機会を特定し活用することで、市場の大幅な拡大とイノベーションを推進できます。

• 新興市場での拡大：新興市場への進出は、産業化と自動化ニーズの高まりによる成長機会をもたらします。ニーズに合わせたソリューションと地域密着型のサポートを提供することで、企業は新たな顧客基盤を獲得し、市場の成長を促進することができます。
• 先端技術との統合：IoT、AI、機械学習などの技術を活用することで、高度なPLCソリューションを開発する機会が生まれます。これらの技術を統合することで、オートメーション機能が強化され、効率が向上し、複雑な運用上の課題に対処できます。
• エネルギー効率の高いソリューションへの注力：エネルギー効率の高いPLCソリューションの開発は、環境に対する関心の高まりとコスト削減ニーズに対応します。消費電力を抑え、環境に優しい機能を備えた製品を提供することで、環境意識の高い顧客を引き付け、規制要件を満たすことができます。
• カスタマイズ可能なモジュール式ソリューション：カスタマイズ可能なモジュール式PLCシステムを提供することで、柔軟でスケーラブルなオートメーションソリューションが可能になります。このアプローチにより、多様な用途をサポートし、運用ニーズの変化に合わせてシステムを適応させることができます。
• 研究開発とイノベーションへの投資：マイクロ・ナノPLC技術の革新を推進する研究開発に投資することで、大きな成長の可能性が生まれます。最先端のソリューションを開発し、技術動向を先取りすることで、企業は競争力を維持し、市場シェアを獲得できます。

新興市場における成長機会、先進技術の統合、エネルギー効率の高いソリューション、カスタマイズ可能な製品、研究開発投資は、マイクロ・ナノPLC市場の主要促進要因です。これらの機会により、企業は事業範囲を拡大し、製品提供を強化し、ダイナミックな市場で競争力を維持することができます。

マイクロ・ナノPLC市場促進要因・課題

マイクロ・ナノPLC市場は、技術進歩、経済要因、規制上の考慮事項など、さまざまな市場促進要因・課題の影響を受けます。これらの要素を理解することは、市場をナビゲートし、持続可能な成長を達成するために極めて重要です。

マイクロ・ナノPLC市場の促進要因には、以下のようなものがあります：

1.技術の進歩：IoT統合やAIなどの技術革新がマイクロ・ナノPLC市場の成長を促進しています。これらの進歩は、自動化機能を強化し、効率を向上させ、複雑な用途をサポートし、高度なPLCソリューションの需要増につながっています。

2.自動化ニーズの高まり：さまざまな産業で自動化の需要が高まっていることが、マイクロ・ナノPLC市場に拍車をかけています。製造業、自動車、製薬などの業界では、プロセスを最適化して業務効率を改善するために、コンパクトで効率的なPLCシステムが必要とされています。

3.コスト効率：マイクロ・ナノPLCは、特に中小企業 (SME) にとって、コスト効率の高いオートメーション・ソリューションを提供します。これらのシステムは手頃な価格であるため、多額の設備投資をせずにオートメーションを導入したい企業にとって魅力的です。

4.エネルギー効率への注目の高まり：エネルギー効率の高いソリューションの推進により、消費電力が少なく、環境への影響が少ないPLCシステムの開発が進んでいます。この動向は世界の持続可能性目標に合致しており、環境意識の高い顧客を惹きつけています。

5.カスタマイズと柔軟性：カスタマイズ可能なモジュール式PLCソリューションを提供できるため、さまざまな用途に柔軟に対応できます。この動向は、多様な産業ニーズをサポートし、ダイナミックな環境におけるPLCシステムの魅力を高めます。

マイクロ・ナノPLC市場の課題は次のとおりです：

1.規制コンプライアンス：規制要件と標準を満たすことは、マイクロ・ナノPLCメーカーにとって難しい課題です。安全、環境、品質規制の遵守は不可欠ですが、製品開発と市場開拓に複雑さをもたらす可能性があります。

2.技術の複雑さ：技術進歩のペースが速いため、最新の技術革新に対応することが課題となります。メーカーは、競争力を維持し、新技術をPLCソリューションに統合するために、継続的に研究開発に投資しなければなりません。

3.市場競争：PLC市場では激しい競争が繰り広げられているため、企業はイノベーションと付加価値別差別化を図る必要があります。競争力を維持するには、市場の需要に対応し、独自のソリューションを提供する必要があります。

技術の進歩、自動化ニーズの高まり、コスト効率、エネルギー効率、カスタマイズという市場促進要因・課題と、規制遵守、技術の複雑さ、市場競争に関する課題が、マイクロ・ナノPLC市場のダイナミクスを形成しています。これらの要因に対処することは、この進化する業界で成功し成長するために極めて重要です。

目次

第1章 エグゼクティブサマリー

第2章 世界のマイクロ・ナノPLC市場：市場力学

• イントロダクション、背景、分類
• サプライチェーン
• 業界の促進要因と課題

第3章 市場動向と予測分析 (2019年～2031年)

• マクロ経済動向 (2019～2024年) と予測 (2025～2031年)
• 世界のマイクロ・ナノPLC市場の動向 (2019～2024年) と予測 (2025～2031年)
• 世界のマイクロ・ナノPLC市場：種類別
  • マイクロPLC
  • ナノPLC
• 世界のマイクロ・ナノPLC市場：提供内容別
  • ハードウェア
  • ソフトウェア
  • サービス
• 世界のマイクロ・ナノPLC市場：アーキテクチャ別
  • 固定式PLC
  • モジュール式
• 世界のマイクロ・ナノPLC市場：最終用途別
  • 自動車
  • 化学製品・肥料
  • 食品・飲料
  • ホーム・ビルオートメーション
  • 金属・鉱業
  • 石油・ガス
  • 医薬品
  • その他

第4章 地域別の市場動向と予測分析 (2019年～2031年)

• 世界のマイクロ・ナノPLC市場：地域別
• 北米のマイクロ・ナノPLC市場
• 欧州のマイクロ・ナノPLC市場
• アジア太平洋のマイクロ・ナノPLC市場
• その他地域のマイクロ・ナノPLC市場

第5章 競合分析

• 製品ポートフォリオ分析
• 運用統合
• ポーターのファイブフォース分析

第6章 成長機会と戦略分析

• 成長機会分析
  • 世界のマイクロ・ナノPLC市場の成長機会：種類別
  • 世界のマイクロ・ナノPLC市場の成長機会：提供内容別
  • 世界のマイクロ・ナノPLC市場の成長機会：アーキテクチャ別
  • 世界のマイクロ・ナノPLC市場の成長機会：最終用途別
  • 世界のマイクロ・ナノPLC市場の成長機会：地域別
• 世界のマイクロ・ナノPLC市場の新たな動向
• 戦略的分析
  • 新製品の開発
  • 世界のマイクロ・ナノPLC市場の生産能力拡大
  • 世界のマイクロ・ナノPLC市場における企業合併・買収 (M&A)、合弁事業
  • 認証とライセンシング

第7章 主要企業のプロファイル

• Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
• Robert Bosch
• Hitachi
• Siemens
• General Electric

The future of the global micro & nano PLC market looks promising with opportunities in the automotive, chemical & fertilizer, food & beverage, home & building automation, metal & mining, oil & gas, pharmaceutical, and pulp & paper markets. The global micro & nano PLC market is expected to reach an estimated $13.9 billion by 2031 with a CAGR of 6.2% from 2025 to 2031. The major drivers for this market are the growing demand for compact and energy-efficient automation solutions, greater emphasis on connectivity, flexibility, and data-driven decision-making in manufacturing processes, and advancements in IoT and Industry 4.0 technologies.

• Lucintel forecasts that, within the type category, micro PLC is expected to witness higher growth over the forecast period.
• Within the end-use category, automotive will remain the largest segment.
• In terms of regions. APAC is expected to witness the highest growth over the forecast period.

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Emerging Trends in the Micro & Nano PLC Market

Emerging trends in the micro & nano PLC market highlight shifts towards advanced functionalities, increased integration, and enhanced performance. These trends are reshaping how automation systems are designed and implemented across various sectors.

• Integration with IoT: Micro and nano PLCs are increasingly being integrated with IoT technology, allowing for real-time data collection, remote monitoring, and enhanced system connectivity. This integration supports more intelligent and responsive automation systems, enabling predictive maintenance and improved operational efficiency.
• Enhanced Miniaturization: Continued advancements in miniaturization are allowing for the development of even smaller and more compact PLCs without compromising performance. This trend is driven by the need for space-saving solutions in environments with limited physical space and high-precision applications.
• AI and Machine Learning Integration: The incorporation of AI and machine learning into micro and nano PLCs is enabling more advanced data analytics, anomaly detection, and process optimization. These technologies enhance decision-making capabilities and operational efficiency by providing deeper insights and automation control.
• Increased Focus on Energy Efficiency: There is a growing emphasis on designing micro and nano PLCs with energy-efficient technologies. This trend is driven by the need to reduce operational costs and environmental impact, leading to the development of PLCs that consume less power and have lower carbon footprints.
• Modular and Scalable Solutions: The market is seeing a rise in modular and scalable PLC systems that allow for flexible expansion and customization. This trend supports diverse applications by providing adaptable solutions that can be easily upgraded or reconfigured as operational needs evolve.

Trends such as IoT integration, enhanced miniaturization, AI and machine learning capabilities, energy efficiency, and modular solutions are driving significant changes in the micro & nano PLC market. These trends are enhancing automation capabilities, improving efficiency, and addressing evolving industry needs.

Recent Developments in the Micro & Nano PLC Market

Recent developments in the micro & nano PLC market reflect ongoing innovations aimed at improving functionality, performance, and application versatility. These advancements are influencing how automation is implemented across various industries.

• Advanced Communication Protocols: The introduction of advanced communication protocols in micro and nano PLCs is enhancing connectivity and interoperability with other industrial systems. This development supports seamless integration in complex automation networks and improves data exchange and control capabilities.
• Increased Processing Power: Recent micro and nano PLCs feature significant improvements in processing power, enabling them to handle more complex tasks and support high-speed operations. This advancement allows for greater flexibility in automation tasks and better performance in demanding applications.
• Enhanced Environmental Protection: New developments focus on improving the environmental protection of micro and nano PLCs, including increased resistance to harsh conditions such as temperature fluctuations, humidity, and vibrations. This ensures reliable operation in challenging industrial environments.
• User-Friendly Interfaces: Advances in user interfaces, such as touchscreens and intuitive software, are making micro and nano PLCs more accessible and easier to program. These developments enhance user experience and reduce the learning curve for operators and engineers.
• Affordable Solutions for SMEs: The market is seeing the introduction of more affordable micro and nano PLC solutions tailored for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). These cost-effective options are designed to provide high performance at a lower price point, making automation accessible to a broader range of businesses.

Developments in advanced communication protocols, increased processing power, environmental protection, user-friendly interfaces, and affordability are shaping the micro & nano PLC market. These innovations are enhancing the functionality, reliability, and accessibility of PLC solutions.

Strategic Growth Opportunities for Micro & Nano PLC Market

The micro & nano PLC market offers various strategic growth opportunities driven by technological advancements, increasing automation needs, and evolving industry demands. Identifying and leveraging these opportunities can drive significant market expansion and innovation.

• Expansion in Emerging Markets: Expanding into emerging markets presents growth opportunities due to increasing industrialization and automation needs. By offering tailored solutions and localized support, companies can tap into new customer bases and drive market growth.
• Integration with Advanced Technologies: Leveraging technologies such as IoT, AI, and machine learning presents opportunities for developing advanced PLC solutions. Integrating these technologies enhances automation capabilities, improves efficiency, and addresses complex operational challenges.
• Focus on Energy-Efficient Solutions: Developing energy-efficient PLC solutions caters to growing environmental concerns and cost-saving needs. Offering products with lower power consumption and eco-friendly features can attract environmentally conscious customers and meet regulatory requirements.
• Customizable and Modular Solutions: Providing customizable and modular PLC systems allows for flexible and scalable automation solutions. This approach supports diverse applications and enables customers to adapt their systems as operational needs evolve.
• Investment in R&D and Innovation: Investing in research and development to drive innovation in micro and nano PLC technology offers significant growth potential. By developing cutting-edge solutions and staying ahead of technological trends, companies can maintain a competitive edge and capture market share.

Growth opportunities in emerging markets, advanced technology integration, energy-efficient solutions, customizable products, and R&D investment are key drivers for the micro & nano PLC market. These opportunities enable companies to expand their reach, enhance product offerings, and stay competitive in a dynamic market.

Micro & Nano PLC Market Driver and Challenges

The micro & nano PLC market is influenced by various drivers and challenges, including technological advancements, economic factors, and regulatory considerations. Understanding these elements is crucial for navigating the market and achieving sustainable growth.

The factors responsible for driving the micro & nano plc market include:

1. Technological Advancements: Innovations in technology, such as IoT integration and AI, are driving the growth of the micro and nano PLC market. These advancements enhance automation capabilities, improve efficiency, and support complex applications, leading to increased demand for advanced PLC solutions.

2. Rising Automation Needs: The growing demand for automation across various industries is fueling the market for micro and nano PLCs. Industries such as manufacturing, automotive, and pharmaceuticals require compact and efficient PLC systems to optimize processes and improve operational efficiency.

3. Cost Efficiency: Micro and nano PLCs offer cost-effective automation solutions, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The affordability of these systems makes them attractive to businesses looking to implement automation without significant capital investment.

4. Increased Focus on Energy Efficiency: The push for energy-efficient solutions is driving the development of PLC systems that consume less power and have a lower environmental impact. This trend aligns with global sustainability goals and attracts environmentally conscious customers.

5. Customization and Flexibility: The ability to offer customizable and modular PLC solutions provides flexibility and adaptability for various applications. This trend supports diverse industrial needs and enhances the appeal of PLC systems in dynamic environments.

Challenges in the micro & nano plc market are:

1. Regulatory Compliance: Meeting regulatory requirements and standards can be challenging for micro and nano PLC manufacturers. Compliance with safety, environmental, and quality regulations is essential but can add complexity to product development and market entry.

2. Technological Complexity: The rapid pace of technological advancements can create challenges in keeping up with the latest innovations. Manufacturers must continuously invest in R&D to stay competitive and integrate new technologies into their PLC solutions.

3. Market Competition: Intense competition in the PLC market requires companies to differentiate themselves through innovation and value-added features. Maintaining a competitive edge involves addressing market demands and offering unique solutions.

The drivers of technological advancements, rising automation needs, cost efficiency, energy efficiency, and customization, combined with challenges related to regulatory compliance, technological complexity, and market competition, shape the dynamics of the micro & nano PLC market. Addressing these factors is crucial for success and growth in this evolving industry.

List of Micro & Nano PLC Companies

Companies in the market compete on the basis of product quality offered. Major players in this market focus on expanding their manufacturing facilities, R&D investments, infrastructural development, and leverage integration opportunities across the value chain. Through these strategies micro & nano PLC companies cater increasing demand, ensure competitive effectiveness, develop innovative products & technologies, reduce production costs, and expand their customer base. Some of the micro & nano PLC companies profiled in this report include-

• Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
• Robert Bosch
• Hitachi
• Siemens
• General Electric

Micro & Nano PLC by Segment

The study includes a forecast for the global micro & nano PLC market by type, offering, architecture, end use, and region.

Micro & Nano PLC Market by Type [Analysis by Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• Micro PLC
• Nano PLC

Micro & Nano PLC Market by Offering [Analysis by Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• Hardware
• Software
• Services

Micro & Nano PLC Market by Architecture [Analysis by Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• Fixed PLC
• Modular

Micro & Nano PLC Market by End Use [Analysis by Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• Automotive
• Chemicals & Fertilizers
• Food & Beverages
• Home & Building Automation
• Metals & Mining
• Oil & Gas
• Pharmaceuticals
• Pulp & Paper

Micro & Nano PLC Market by Region [Analysis by Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• The Rest of the World

Country Wise Outlook for the Micro & Nano PLC Market

The micro & nano PLC market is advancing rapidly due to technological innovations and increasing demand for compact and efficient automation solutions. These developments are transforming various industries by providing enhanced control, precision, and flexibility in automation processes.

• United States: In the U.S., there has been a surge in demand for micro and nano PLCs driven by advancements in industrial automation and smart manufacturing. Key developments include the integration of IoT capabilities and enhanced processing power in smaller PLCs, which enable more sophisticated control systems in applications ranging from automotive to pharmaceuticals.
• China: China's market for micro and nano PLCs is expanding rapidly due to the country's push towards Industry 4.0. Developments include increased local production capabilities and investments in R&D to create more affordable and advanced PLC solutions. The focus is on integrating AI and machine learning for improved operational efficiency and predictive maintenance.
• Germany: Germany remains at the forefront of precision engineering in the micro and nano PLC market. Recent developments feature enhanced robustness and higher processing speeds in PLCs, catering to the automotive and manufacturing sectors. There is also a significant emphasis on compliance with strict European standards for safety and environmental impact.
• India: In India, the micro and nano PLC market is growing as industrial automation gains traction. Recent advancements include cost-effective PLC solutions tailored for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Developments are also focusing on integrating PLCs with cloud computing to provide remote monitoring and management capabilities.
• Japan: Japan's micro and nano PLC market is marked by innovations in compact and high-performance PLCs suited for robotics and high-precision industries. Recent developments include advancements in miniaturization and increased interoperability with other automation technologies, reflecting Japan's emphasis on cutting-edge technology and efficiency.

Features of the Global Micro & Nano PLC Market

Market Size Estimates: Micro & nano PLC market size estimation in terms of value ($B).

Trend and Forecast Analysis: Market trends (2019 to 2024) and forecast (2025 to 2031) by various segments and regions.

Segmentation Analysis: Micro & nano PLC market size by various segments, such as type, offering, architecture, end use, and region in terms of value ($B).

Regional Analysis: Micro & nano PLC market breakdown by North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of the World.

Growth Opportunities: Analysis of growth opportunities in different types, offerings, architectures, end uses, and regions for the micro & nano PLC market.

Strategic Analysis: This includes M&A, new product development, and competitive landscape of the micro & nano PLC market.

Analysis of competitive intensity of the industry based on Porter's Five Forces model.

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This report answers following 11 key questions:

• Q.1. What are some of the most promising, high-growth opportunities for the micro & nano PLC market by type (micro PLC and nano PLC), offering (hardware, software, and services), architecture (fixed PLC and modular), end use (automotive, chemicals & fertilizers, food & beverages, home & building automation, metals & mining, oil & gas, pharmaceuticals, pulp & paper, and others), and region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the World)?
• Q.2. Which segments will grow at a faster pace and why?
• Q.3. Which region will grow at a faster pace and why?
• Q.4. What are the key factors affecting market dynamics? What are the key challenges and business risks in this market?
• Q.5. What are the business risks and competitive threats in this market?
• Q.6. What are the emerging trends in this market and the reasons behind them?
• Q.7. What are some of the changing demands of customers in the market?
• Q.8. What are the new developments in the market? Which companies are leading these developments?
• Q.9. Who are the major players in this market? What strategic initiatives are key players pursuing for business growth?
• Q.10. What are some of the competing products in this market and how big of a threat do they pose for loss of market share by material or product substitution?
• Q.11. What M&A activity has occurred in the last 5 years and what has its impact been on the industry?

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. Global Micro & Nano PLC Market : Market Dynamics

• 2.1: Introduction, Background, and Classifications
• 2.2: Supply Chain
• 2.3: Industry Drivers and Challenges

3. Market Trends and Forecast Analysis from 2019 to 2031

• 3.1. Macroeconomic Trends (2019-2024) and Forecast (2025-2031)
• 3.2. Global Micro & Nano PLC Market Trends (2019-2024) and Forecast (2025-2031)
• 3.3: Global Micro & Nano PLC Market by Type
  • 3.3.1: Micro PLC
  • 3.3.2: Nano PLC
• 3.4: Global Micro & Nano PLC Market by Offering
  • 3.4.1: Hardware
  • 3.4.2: Software
  • 3.4.3: Services
• 3.5: Global Micro & Nano PLC Market by Architecture
  • 3.5.1: Fixed PLC
  • 3.5.2: Modular
• 3.6: Global Micro & Nano PLC Market by End Use
  • 3.6.1: Automotive
  • 3.6.2: Chemicals & Fertilizers
  • 3.6.3: Food & Beverages
  • 3.6.4: Home & Building Automation
  • 3.6.5: Metals & Mining
  • 3.6.6: Oil & Gas
  • 3.6.7: Pharmaceuticals
  • 3.6.8: Others

4. Market Trends and Forecast Analysis by Region from 2019 to 2031

• 4.1: Global Micro & Nano PLC Market by Region
• 4.2: North American Micro & Nano PLC Market
  • 4.2.1: North American Market by Type: Micro PLC and Nano PLC
  • 4.2.2: North American Market by End Use: Automotive, Chemicals & Fertilizers, Food & Beverages, Home & Building Automation, Metals & Mining, Oil & Gas, Pharmaceuticals, Pulp & Paper, and Others
• 4.3: European Micro & Nano PLC Market
  • 4.3.1: European Market by Type: Micro PLC and Nano PLC
  • 4.3.2: European Market by End Use: Automotive, Chemicals & Fertilizers, Food & Beverages, Home & Building Automation, Metals & Mining, Oil & Gas, Pharmaceuticals, Pulp & Paper, and Others
• 4.4: APAC Micro & Nano PLC Market
  • 4.4.1: APAC Market by Type: Micro PLC and Nano PLC
  • 4.4.2: APAC Market by End Use: Automotive, Chemicals & Fertilizers, Food & Beverages, Home & Building Automation, Metals & Mining, Oil & Gas, Pharmaceuticals, Pulp & Paper, and Others
• 4.5: ROW Micro & Nano PLC Market
  • 4.5.1: ROW Market by Type: Micro PLC and Nano PLC
  • 4.5.2: ROW Market by End Use: Automotive, Chemicals & Fertilizers, Food & Beverages, Home & Building Automation, Metals & Mining, Oil & Gas, Pharmaceuticals, Pulp & Paper, and Others

5. Competitor Analysis

• 5.1: Product Portfolio Analysis
• 5.2: Operational Integration
• 5.3: Porter's Five Forces Analysis

6. Growth Opportunities and Strategic Analysis

• 6.1: Growth Opportunity Analysis
  • 6.1.1: Growth Opportunities for the Global Micro & Nano PLC Market by Type
  • 6.1.2: Growth Opportunities for the Global Micro & Nano PLC Market by Offering
  • 6.1.3: Growth Opportunities for the Global Micro & Nano PLC Market by Architecture
  • 6.1.4: Growth Opportunities for the Global Micro & Nano PLC Market by End Use
  • 6.1.5: Growth Opportunities for the Global Micro & Nano PLC Market by Region
• 6.2: Emerging Trends in the Global Micro & Nano PLC Market
• 6.3: Strategic Analysis
  • 6.3.1: New Product Development
  • 6.3.2: Capacity Expansion of the Global Micro & Nano PLC Market
  • 6.3.3: Mergers, Acquisitions, and Joint Ventures in the Global Micro & Nano PLC Market
  • 6.3.4: Certification and Licensing

7. Company Profiles of Leading Players

• 7.1: Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
• 7.2: Robert Bosch
• 7.3: Hitachi
• 7.4: Siemens
• 7.5: General Electric