市場調査レポート
商品コード
1581227

核酸ベース医薬品市場:核酸タイプ、ドラッグデリバリー、治療用途、エンドユーザー別-2025-2030年世界予測

Nucleic Acid-Based Drugs Market by Nucleic Acid Type (DNA-based Drugs, RNA-based Drugs), Drug Type (Long-Chain Nucleic Acid Drugs, Short-Chain Nucleic Acid Drugs), Method of Delivery, Therapeutic Application, End-User - Global Forecast 2025-2030


出版日
発行
360iResearch
ページ情報
英文 181 Pages
納期
即日から翌営業日
カスタマイズ可能
適宜更新あり
価格
価格表記: USDを日本円(税抜)に換算
本日の銀行送金レート: 1USD=146.99円
核酸ベース医薬品市場:核酸タイプ、ドラッグデリバリー、治療用途、エンドユーザー別-2025-2030年世界予測
出版日: 2024年10月31日
発行: 360iResearch
ページ情報: 英文 181 Pages
納期: 即日から翌営業日
GIIご利用のメリット
  • 全表示
  • 概要
  • 図表
  • 目次
概要

核酸ベース医薬品市場は、2023年に47億6,000万米ドルと評価され、2024年には54億6,000万米ドルに達すると予測され、CAGR 15.09%で成長し、2030年には127億4,000万米ドルに達すると予測されています。

核酸ベース医薬品は、DNA、RNA、アプタマー、オリゴヌクレオチドなどの天然または合成核酸に由来する治療薬であり、特定の分子メカニズムを標的とすることにより、さまざまな遺伝病や感染症の治療を目的としています。その必要性は、遺伝子発現を直接変化させるその能力から生じ、従来の薬剤に比べて副作用が少ない可能性のある、高度に標的化された治療を提供します。これらの医薬品は、遺伝子治療、アンチセンス治療、RNA干渉などの分野に応用され、がん、心血管、感染症治療などの最終用途分野に貢献しています。核酸ベース医薬品市場は、遺伝子研究の進歩、ドラッグデリバリーシステムの技術革新、個別化医療への投資の増加によって活性化されています。主な成長要因としては、遺伝性疾患の有病率の上昇、COVID-19のようなウイルス感染症の治療法開発の緊急性、標的治療用バイオマーカーの強固なパイプラインなどが挙げられます。新たなビジネスチャンスは、神経変性疾患や代謝性疾患における大きな可能性など、腫瘍学以外の分野への応用拡大です。このような機会を生かすために、企業は核酸医薬の安定性と取り込みを改善するためのドラッグデリバリー機構の強化に投資し、医薬品開発プロセスにおいて人工知能を活用すべきです。しかし、高い開発コスト、複雑な規制の枠組み、標的細胞へのデリバリーにおける課題、潜在的なオフターゲット効果といった制約が大きなハードルとなっています。また、知的財産の独占性と製品の特異性も市場拡大を制限しています。ナノ粒子やコンジュゲーション技術のような非ウイルス性デリバリー法の革新は、研究と事業成長の有望分野です。バイオテクノロジー企業と研究機関の共同研究は、現在の送達や安定性に関する課題を解決する突破口を開く可能性もあります。市場は急速な発展を特徴としており、核酸ベースの治療を推進し、その治療の可能性を十分に引き出すためには、機敏な対応と研究開発への持続的な投資が重要であることが強調されています。

主な市場の統計
基準年[2023] 47億6,000万米ドル
予測年[2024] 54億6,000万米ドル
予測年[2030] 127億4,000万米ドル
CAGR(%) 15.09%

市場力学:急速に進化する核酸ベース医薬品市場の主要市場インサイトを公開

核酸ベース医薬品市場は、需要と供給のダイナミックな相互作用によって変貌を遂げています。このような市場力学の進化を理解することで、企業は十分な情報に基づいた投資決定、戦略的意思決定、新たなビジネスチャンスの獲得を行うことができます。これらの動向を包括的に把握することで、企業は政治的、地理的、技術的、社会的、経済的な領域にわたる様々なリスクを軽減することができるとともに、消費者行動とそれが製造コストや購買動向に与える影響をより明確に理解することができます。

  • 市場促進要因
    • 慢性疾患の世界の蔓延
    • 個別化医療に対する認識と受容の高まり
  • 市場抑制要因
    • 核酸ベースの治療薬のコスト高
  • 市場機会
    • 希少遺伝性疾患の治療における核酸ベース医薬品の応用拡大
    • 製薬企業とバイオテクノロジー企業間の協力関係の進展
  • 市場の課題
    • 核酸ベース医薬品の安定性と送達の確保における限界

ポーターの5つの力:核酸ベース医薬品市場をナビゲートする戦略ツール

ポーターの5つの力フレームワークは、核酸ベース医薬品市場の競合情勢を理解するための重要なツールです。ポーターのファイブフォース・フレームワークは、企業の競争力を評価し、戦略的機会を探るための明確な手法を提供します。このフレームワークは、企業が市場内の勢力図を評価し、新規事業の収益性を判断するのに役立ちます。これらの洞察により、企業は自社の強みを活かし、弱みに対処し、潜在的な課題を回避することができ、より強靭な市場でのポジショニングを確保することができます。

PESTLE分析:核酸ベース医薬品市場における外部からの影響の把握

外部マクロ環境要因は、核酸ベース医薬品市場の業績ダイナミクスを形成する上で極めて重要な役割を果たします。政治的、経済的、社会的、技術的、法的、環境的要因の分析は、これらの影響をナビゲートするために必要な情報を提供します。PESTLE要因を調査することで、企業は潜在的なリスクと機会をよりよく理解することができます。この分析により、企業は規制、消費者の嗜好、経済動向の変化を予測し、先を見越した積極的な意思決定を行う準備ができます。

市場シェア分析核酸ベース医薬品市場における競合情勢の把握

核酸ベース医薬品市場の詳細な市場シェア分析により、ベンダーの業績を包括的に評価することができます。企業は、収益、顧客ベース、成長率などの主要指標を比較することで、競争上のポジショニングを明らかにすることができます。この分析により、市場の集中、断片化、統合の動向が明らかになり、ベンダーは競争が激化する中で自社の地位を高める戦略的意思決定を行うために必要な知見を得ることができます。

FPNVポジショニング・マトリックス核酸ベース医薬品市場におけるベンダーのパフォーマンス評価

FPNVポジショニングマトリックスは、核酸ベース医薬品市場においてベンダーを評価するための重要なツールです。このマトリックスにより、ビジネス組織はベンダーのビジネス戦略と製品満足度に基づき評価することで、目標に沿った十分な情報に基づいた意思決定を行うことができます。4つの象限によってベンダーを明確かつ正確にセグメント化し、戦略目標に最適なパートナーやソリューションを特定することができます。

戦略分析と推奨核酸ベース医薬品市場における成功への道筋を描く

核酸ベース医薬品市場の戦略分析は、世界市場でのプレゼンス強化を目指す企業にとって不可欠です。主要なリソース、能力、業績指標を見直すことで、企業は成長機会を特定し、改善に取り組むことができます。このアプローチにより、競合情勢における課題を克服し、新たなビジネスチャンスを活かして長期的な成功を収めるための体制を整えることができます。

本レポートでは、主要な注目分野を網羅した市場の包括的な分析を提供しています:

1.市場の浸透度:現在の市場環境の詳細なレビュー、主要企業による広範なデータ、市場でのリーチと全体的な影響力の評価。

2.市場の開拓度:新興市場における成長機会を特定し、既存分野における拡大可能性を評価し、将来の成長に向けた戦略的ロードマップを提供します。

3.市場の多様化:最近の製品発売、未開拓の地域、業界の主要な進歩、市場を形成する戦略的投資を分析します。

4.競合の評価と情報:競合情勢を徹底的に分析し、市場シェア、事業戦略、製品ポートフォリオ、認証、規制当局の承認、特許動向、主要企業の技術進歩などを検証します。

5.製品開発およびイノベーション:将来の市場成長を促進すると期待される最先端技術、研究開発活動、製品イノベーションをハイライトしています。

また、利害関係者が十分な情報を得た上で意思決定できるよう、重要な質問にも答えています:

1.現在の市場規模と今後の成長予測は?

2.最高の投資機会を提供する製品、セグメント、地域はどこか?

3.市場を形成する主な技術動向と規制の影響とは?

4.主要ベンダーの市場シェアと競合ポジションは?

5.ベンダーの市場参入・撤退戦略の原動力となる収益源と戦略的機会は何か?

目次

第1章 序文

第2章 調査手法

第3章 エグゼクティブサマリー

第4章 市場の概要

第5章 市場洞察

  • 市場力学
    • 促進要因
      • 世界中で慢性疾患の蔓延が増加
      • 個別化医療に対する認識と受容の高まり
    • 抑制要因
      • 核酸ベースの治療の高コスト
    • 機会
      • 希少遺伝性疾患の治療における核酸ベース医薬品の応用拡大
      • 製薬会社とバイオテクノロジー企業の連携の進化
    • 課題
      • 核酸ベース医薬品の安定性と配信の確保における制限
  • 市場セグメンテーション分析
    • 核酸型:遺伝物質を標的とする特異性と効率性により、RNAベースの薬剤の新たな応用が期待されています。
    • 治療への応用:神経疾患における核酸ベース医薬品の多様な応用
  • ポーターのファイブフォース分析
  • PESTEL分析
    • 政治的
    • 経済
    • 社交
    • 技術的
    • 法律上
    • 環境

第6章 核酸ベース医薬品市場核酸の種類別

  • DNAベースの医薬品
  • RNAベースの医薬品

第7章 核酸ベース医薬品市場薬の種類別

  • 長鎖核酸医薬品
  • 短鎖核酸医薬品

第8章 核酸ベース医薬品市場配送方法別

  • ローカライズされた配信
  • 全身投与

第9章 核酸ベース医薬品市場治療用途別

  • 心血管疾患
  • 感染症
  • 神経疾患
  • 腫瘍学
  • 希少疾患および遺伝性疾患

第10章 核酸ベース医薬品市場:エンドユーザー別

  • バイオ医薬品企業
  • 病院・クリニック
  • 調査機関

第11章 南北アメリカの核酸ベース医薬品市場

  • アルゼンチン
  • ブラジル
  • カナダ
  • メキシコ
  • 米国

第12章 アジア太平洋地域の核酸ベース医薬品市場

  • オーストラリア
  • 中国
  • インド
  • インドネシア
  • 日本
  • マレーシア
  • フィリピン
  • シンガポール
  • 韓国
  • 台湾
  • タイ
  • ベトナム

第13章 欧州・中東・アフリカの核酸ベース医薬品市場

  • デンマーク
  • エジプト
  • フィンランド
  • フランス
  • ドイツ
  • イスラエル
  • イタリア
  • オランダ
  • ナイジェリア
  • ノルウェー
  • ポーランド
  • カタール
  • ロシア
  • サウジアラビア
  • 南アフリカ
  • スペイン
  • スウェーデン
  • スイス
  • トルコ
  • アラブ首長国連邦
  • 英国

第14章 競合情勢

  • 市場シェア分析2023
  • FPNVポジショニングマトリックス, 2023
  • 競合シナリオ分析
    • グラクソ・スミスクラインは、核酸医薬品開発を促進するための戦略的動きの一環として、エルシー・バイオテクノロジーズ社を5,000万米ドルで買収しました。
    • ウォーターズコーポレーションは、遺伝子ベースの医薬品開発を加速する先進的なSECカラムを導入しました。
    • 旭化成バイオプロセスとAxolabs GmbHが提携し、革新的な遺伝子治療の開発を加速
  • 戦略分析と提言

企業一覧

  • Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
  • Arcturus Therapeutics Holdings Inc.
  • Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
  • Beam Therapeutics Inc.
  • BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.
  • Bluebird Bio, Inc.
  • CRISPR Therapeutics AG
  • CureVac N.V.
  • Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
  • Dynavax Technologies Corporation
  • Editas Medicine, Inc.
  • Evotec SE
  • Generation Bio Co.
  • Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
  • Moderna, Inc.
  • ProQR Therapeutics N.V.
  • Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc
  • Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc.
  • Senti Biosciences, Inc.
  • Silence Therapeutics Plc
  • Stoke Therapeutics, Inc.
  • Translate Bio, Inc. by Sanofi SA
  • Voyager Therapeutics, Inc.
  • Wave Life Sciences Ltd.
図表

LIST OF FIGURES

  • FIGURE 1. NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET RESEARCH PROCESS
  • FIGURE 2. NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, 2023 VS 2030
  • FIGURE 3. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 4. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 5. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 6. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2023 VS 2030 (%)
  • FIGURE 7. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 8. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2023 VS 2030 (%)
  • FIGURE 9. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 10. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2023 VS 2030 (%)
  • FIGURE 11. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 12. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2023 VS 2030 (%)
  • FIGURE 13. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 14. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2023 VS 2030 (%)
  • FIGURE 15. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 16. AMERICAS NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2023 VS 2030 (%)
  • FIGURE 17. AMERICAS NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 18. UNITED STATES NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY STATE, 2023 VS 2030 (%)
  • FIGURE 19. UNITED STATES NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY STATE, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 20. ASIA-PACIFIC NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2023 VS 2030 (%)
  • FIGURE 21. ASIA-PACIFIC NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 22. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2023 VS 2030 (%)
  • FIGURE 23. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 24. NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SHARE, BY KEY PLAYER, 2023
  • FIGURE 25. NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET, FPNV POSITIONING MATRIX, 2023

LIST OF TABLES

  • TABLE 1. NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SEGMENTATION & COVERAGE
  • TABLE 2. UNITED STATES DOLLAR EXCHANGE RATE, 2018-2023
  • TABLE 3. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 4. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 5. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 6. NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET DYNAMICS
  • TABLE 7. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 8. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DNA-BASED DRUGS, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 9. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY RNA-BASED DRUGS, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 10. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 11. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY LONG-CHAIN NUCLEIC ACID DRUGS, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 12. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY SHORT-CHAIN NUCLEIC ACID DRUGS, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 13. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 14. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY LOCALIZED DELIVERY, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 15. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY SYSTEMIC DELIVERY, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 16. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 17. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 18. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY INFECTIOUS DISEASES, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 19. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 20. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY ONCOLOGY, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 21. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY RARE & GENETIC DISORDERS, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 22. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 23. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY BIOPHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 24. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY HOSPITALS & CLINICS, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 25. GLOBAL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 26. AMERICAS NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 27. AMERICAS NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 28. AMERICAS NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 29. AMERICAS NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 30. AMERICAS NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 31. AMERICAS NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 32. ARGENTINA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 33. ARGENTINA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 34. ARGENTINA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 35. ARGENTINA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 36. ARGENTINA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 37. BRAZIL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 38. BRAZIL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 39. BRAZIL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 40. BRAZIL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 41. BRAZIL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 42. CANADA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 43. CANADA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 44. CANADA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 45. CANADA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 46. CANADA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 47. MEXICO NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 48. MEXICO NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 49. MEXICO NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 50. MEXICO NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 51. MEXICO NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 52. UNITED STATES NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 53. UNITED STATES NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 54. UNITED STATES NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 55. UNITED STATES NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 56. UNITED STATES NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 57. UNITED STATES NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY STATE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 58. ASIA-PACIFIC NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 59. ASIA-PACIFIC NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 60. ASIA-PACIFIC NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 61. ASIA-PACIFIC NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 62. ASIA-PACIFIC NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 63. ASIA-PACIFIC NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 64. AUSTRALIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 65. AUSTRALIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 66. AUSTRALIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 67. AUSTRALIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 68. AUSTRALIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 69. CHINA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 70. CHINA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 71. CHINA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 72. CHINA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 73. CHINA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 74. INDIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 75. INDIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 76. INDIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 77. INDIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 78. INDIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 79. INDONESIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 80. INDONESIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 81. INDONESIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 82. INDONESIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 83. INDONESIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 84. JAPAN NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 85. JAPAN NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 86. JAPAN NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 87. JAPAN NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 88. JAPAN NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 89. MALAYSIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 90. MALAYSIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 91. MALAYSIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 92. MALAYSIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 93. MALAYSIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 94. PHILIPPINES NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 95. PHILIPPINES NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 96. PHILIPPINES NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 97. PHILIPPINES NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 98. PHILIPPINES NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 99. SINGAPORE NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 100. SINGAPORE NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 101. SINGAPORE NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 102. SINGAPORE NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 103. SINGAPORE NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 104. SOUTH KOREA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 105. SOUTH KOREA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 106. SOUTH KOREA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 107. SOUTH KOREA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 108. SOUTH KOREA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 109. TAIWAN NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 110. TAIWAN NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 111. TAIWAN NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 112. TAIWAN NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 113. TAIWAN NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 114. THAILAND NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 115. THAILAND NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 116. THAILAND NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 117. THAILAND NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 118. THAILAND NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 119. VIETNAM NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 120. VIETNAM NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 121. VIETNAM NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 122. VIETNAM NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 123. VIETNAM NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 124. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 125. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 126. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 127. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 128. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 129. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 130. DENMARK NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 131. DENMARK NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 132. DENMARK NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 133. DENMARK NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 134. DENMARK NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 135. EGYPT NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 136. EGYPT NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 137. EGYPT NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 138. EGYPT NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 139. EGYPT NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 140. FINLAND NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 141. FINLAND NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 142. FINLAND NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 143. FINLAND NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 144. FINLAND NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 145. FRANCE NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 146. FRANCE NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 147. FRANCE NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 148. FRANCE NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 149. FRANCE NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 150. GERMANY NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 151. GERMANY NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 152. GERMANY NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 153. GERMANY NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 154. GERMANY NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 155. ISRAEL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 156. ISRAEL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 157. ISRAEL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 158. ISRAEL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 159. ISRAEL NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 160. ITALY NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 161. ITALY NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 162. ITALY NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 163. ITALY NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 164. ITALY NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 165. NETHERLANDS NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 166. NETHERLANDS NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 167. NETHERLANDS NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 168. NETHERLANDS NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 169. NETHERLANDS NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 170. NIGERIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 171. NIGERIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 172. NIGERIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 173. NIGERIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 174. NIGERIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 175. NORWAY NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 176. NORWAY NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 177. NORWAY NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 178. NORWAY NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 179. NORWAY NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 180. POLAND NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 181. POLAND NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 182. POLAND NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 183. POLAND NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 184. POLAND NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 185. QATAR NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 186. QATAR NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 187. QATAR NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 188. QATAR NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 189. QATAR NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 190. RUSSIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 191. RUSSIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 192. RUSSIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 193. RUSSIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 194. RUSSIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 195. SAUDI ARABIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 196. SAUDI ARABIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 197. SAUDI ARABIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 198. SAUDI ARABIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 199. SAUDI ARABIA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 200. SOUTH AFRICA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 201. SOUTH AFRICA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 202. SOUTH AFRICA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 203. SOUTH AFRICA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 204. SOUTH AFRICA NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 205. SPAIN NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 206. SPAIN NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 207. SPAIN NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 208. SPAIN NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 209. SPAIN NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 210. SWEDEN NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 211. SWEDEN NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 212. SWEDEN NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 213. SWEDEN NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 214. SWEDEN NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 215. SWITZERLAND NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 216. SWITZERLAND NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 217. SWITZERLAND NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 218. SWITZERLAND NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 219. SWITZERLAND NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 220. TURKEY NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 221. TURKEY NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 222. TURKEY NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 223. TURKEY NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 224. TURKEY NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 225. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 226. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 227. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 228. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 229. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 230. UNITED KINGDOM NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY NUCLEIC ACID TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 231. UNITED KINGDOM NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY DRUG TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 232. UNITED KINGDOM NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY METHOD OF DELIVERY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 233. UNITED KINGDOM NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 234. UNITED KINGDOM NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USER, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 235. NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET SHARE, BY KEY PLAYER, 2023
  • TABLE 236. NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DRUGS MARKET, FPNV POSITIONING MATRIX, 2023
目次
Product Code: MRR-CA7E340319CE

The Nucleic Acid-Based Drugs Market was valued at USD 4.76 billion in 2023, expected to reach USD 5.46 billion in 2024, and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 15.09%, to USD 12.74 billion by 2030.

Nucleic acid-based drugs are therapeutic agents derived from natural or synthetic nucleic acids, such as DNA, RNA, aptamers, and oligonucleotides, aimed at treating a variety of genetic and infectious diseases by targeting specific molecular mechanisms. Their necessity arises from their ability to directly alter genetic expression, offering highly targeted treatments with potentially fewer side effects compared to traditional drugs. These drugs are applied in areas like gene therapy, antisense therapy, and RNA interference, serving end-use sectors including oncology, cardiovascular, and infectious disease treatment, among others. The market for nucleic acid-based drugs is being fueled by advances in genetic research, technological innovations in drug delivery systems, and increasing investment in personalized medicine. Key growth factors include rising prevalence of genetic disorders, urgency in developing treatments for viral infections like COVID-19, and robust pipelines of biomarkers for targeted therapies. Emerging opportunities lie in expanding applications beyond oncology, with significant potential in neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders. To capitalize on these opportunities, companies should invest in enhancing delivery mechanisms to improve the stability and uptake of nucleic acid drugs and leverage artificial intelligence in drug development processes. However, limitations such as high development costs, complex regulatory frameworks, challenges in delivery to target cells, and potential off-target effects pose significant hurdles. The exclusivity of intellectual property and product specificity also restrict market expansion. Innovations in non-viral delivery methods, like nanoparticles and conjugation technologies, represent promising areas for research and business growth. Collaborations between biotech firms and research institutions can also spark breakthroughs in solving current delivery and stability challenges. The market is characterized by rapid developments, emphasizing the importance of agility and sustained investment in R&D to drive forward nucleic acid-based therapies and fully exploit their therapeutic potential.

KEY MARKET STATISTICS
Base Year [2023] USD 4.76 billion
Estimated Year [2024] USD 5.46 billion
Forecast Year [2030] USD 12.74 billion
CAGR (%) 15.09%

Market Dynamics: Unveiling Key Market Insights in the Rapidly Evolving Nucleic Acid-Based Drugs Market

The Nucleic Acid-Based Drugs Market is undergoing transformative changes driven by a dynamic interplay of supply and demand factors. Understanding these evolving market dynamics prepares business organizations to make informed investment decisions, refine strategic decisions, and seize new opportunities. By gaining a comprehensive view of these trends, business organizations can mitigate various risks across political, geographic, technical, social, and economic domains while also gaining a clearer understanding of consumer behavior and its impact on manufacturing costs and purchasing trends.

  • Market Drivers
    • Growing prevalence of chronic diseases across the globe
    • Rising awareness and acceptance of personalized medicine
  • Market Restraints
    • High costs of nucleic acid-based therapies
  • Market Opportunities
    • Expanding applications of nucleic acid-based drugs in treating rare genetic disorders
    • Evolving collaboration between pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology firms
  • Market Challenges
    • Limitations in ensuring the stability and delivery of nucleic acid-based drugs

Porter's Five Forces: A Strategic Tool for Navigating the Nucleic Acid-Based Drugs Market

Porter's five forces framework is a critical tool for understanding the competitive landscape of the Nucleic Acid-Based Drugs Market. It offers business organizations with a clear methodology for evaluating their competitive positioning and exploring strategic opportunities. This framework helps businesses assess the power dynamics within the market and determine the profitability of new ventures. With these insights, business organizations can leverage their strengths, address weaknesses, and avoid potential challenges, ensuring a more resilient market positioning.

PESTLE Analysis: Navigating External Influences in the Nucleic Acid-Based Drugs Market

External macro-environmental factors play a pivotal role in shaping the performance dynamics of the Nucleic Acid-Based Drugs Market. Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and Environmental factors analysis provides the necessary information to navigate these influences. By examining PESTLE factors, businesses can better understand potential risks and opportunities. This analysis enables business organizations to anticipate changes in regulations, consumer preferences, and economic trends, ensuring they are prepared to make proactive, forward-thinking decisions.

Market Share Analysis: Understanding the Competitive Landscape in the Nucleic Acid-Based Drugs Market

A detailed market share analysis in the Nucleic Acid-Based Drugs Market provides a comprehensive assessment of vendors' performance. Companies can identify their competitive positioning by comparing key metrics, including revenue, customer base, and growth rates. This analysis highlights market concentration, fragmentation, and trends in consolidation, offering vendors the insights required to make strategic decisions that enhance their position in an increasingly competitive landscape.

FPNV Positioning Matrix: Evaluating Vendors' Performance in the Nucleic Acid-Based Drugs Market

The Forefront, Pathfinder, Niche, Vital (FPNV) Positioning Matrix is a critical tool for evaluating vendors within the Nucleic Acid-Based Drugs Market. This matrix enables business organizations to make well-informed decisions that align with their goals by assessing vendors based on their business strategy and product satisfaction. The four quadrants provide a clear and precise segmentation of vendors, helping users identify the right partners and solutions that best fit their strategic objectives.

Strategy Analysis & Recommendation: Charting a Path to Success in the Nucleic Acid-Based Drugs Market

A strategic analysis of the Nucleic Acid-Based Drugs Market is essential for businesses looking to strengthen their global market presence. By reviewing key resources, capabilities, and performance indicators, business organizations can identify growth opportunities and work toward improvement. This approach helps businesses navigate challenges in the competitive landscape and ensures they are well-positioned to capitalize on newer opportunities and drive long-term success.

Key Company Profiles

The report delves into recent significant developments in the Nucleic Acid-Based Drugs Market, highlighting leading vendors and their innovative profiles. These include Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Arcturus Therapeutics Holdings Inc., Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Beam Therapeutics Inc., BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Bluebird Bio, Inc., CRISPR Therapeutics AG, CureVac N.V., Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Dynavax Technologies Corporation, Editas Medicine, Inc., Evotec SE, Generation Bio Co., Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Moderna, Inc., ProQR Therapeutics N.V., Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc, Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc., Senti Biosciences, Inc., Silence Therapeutics Plc, Stoke Therapeutics, Inc., Translate Bio, Inc. by Sanofi SA, Voyager Therapeutics, Inc., and Wave Life Sciences Ltd..

Market Segmentation & Coverage

This research report categorizes the Nucleic Acid-Based Drugs Market to forecast the revenues and analyze trends in each of the following sub-markets:

  • Based on Nucleic Acid Type, market is studied across DNA-based Drugs and RNA-based Drugs.
  • Based on Drug Type, market is studied across Long-Chain Nucleic Acid Drugs and Short-Chain Nucleic Acid Drugs.
  • Based on Method of Delivery, market is studied across Localized Delivery and Systemic Delivery.
  • Based on Therapeutic Application, market is studied across Cardiovascular Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Neurological Disorders, Oncology, and Rare & Genetic Disorders.
  • Based on End-User, market is studied across Biopharmaceutical Companies, Hospitals & Clinics, and Research Organizations.
  • Based on Region, market is studied across Americas, Asia-Pacific, and Europe, Middle East & Africa. The Americas is further studied across Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Mexico, and United States. The United States is further studied across California, Florida, Illinois, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas. The Asia-Pacific is further studied across Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. The Europe, Middle East & Africa is further studied across Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Poland, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, and United Kingdom.

The report offers a comprehensive analysis of the market, covering key focus areas:

1. Market Penetration: A detailed review of the current market environment, including extensive data from top industry players, evaluating their market reach and overall influence.

2. Market Development: Identifies growth opportunities in emerging markets and assesses expansion potential in established sectors, providing a strategic roadmap for future growth.

3. Market Diversification: Analyzes recent product launches, untapped geographic regions, major industry advancements, and strategic investments reshaping the market.

4. Competitive Assessment & Intelligence: Provides a thorough analysis of the competitive landscape, examining market share, business strategies, product portfolios, certifications, regulatory approvals, patent trends, and technological advancements of key players.

5. Product Development & Innovation: Highlights cutting-edge technologies, R&D activities, and product innovations expected to drive future market growth.

The report also answers critical questions to aid stakeholders in making informed decisions:

1. What is the current market size, and what is the forecasted growth?

2. Which products, segments, and regions offer the best investment opportunities?

3. What are the key technology trends and regulatory influences shaping the market?

4. How do leading vendors rank in terms of market share and competitive positioning?

5. What revenue sources and strategic opportunities drive vendors' market entry or exit strategies?

Table of Contents

1. Preface

  • 1.1. Objectives of the Study
  • 1.2. Market Segmentation & Coverage
  • 1.3. Years Considered for the Study
  • 1.4. Currency & Pricing
  • 1.5. Language
  • 1.6. Stakeholders

2. Research Methodology

  • 2.1. Define: Research Objective
  • 2.2. Determine: Research Design
  • 2.3. Prepare: Research Instrument
  • 2.4. Collect: Data Source
  • 2.5. Analyze: Data Interpretation
  • 2.6. Formulate: Data Verification
  • 2.7. Publish: Research Report
  • 2.8. Repeat: Report Update

3. Executive Summary

4. Market Overview

5. Market Insights

  • 5.1. Market Dynamics
    • 5.1.1. Drivers
      • 5.1.1.1. Growing prevalence of chronic diseases across the globe
      • 5.1.1.2. Rising awareness and acceptance of personalized medicine
    • 5.1.2. Restraints
      • 5.1.2.1. High costs of nucleic acid-based therapies
    • 5.1.3. Opportunities
      • 5.1.3.1. Expanding applications of nucleic acid-based drugs in treating rare genetic disorders
      • 5.1.3.2. Evolving collaboration between pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology firms
    • 5.1.4. Challenges
      • 5.1.4.1. Limitations in ensuring the stability and delivery of nucleic acid-based drugs
  • 5.2. Market Segmentation Analysis
    • 5.2.1. Nucleic Acid Type: Emerging application of RNA-based drugs owing to specificity and efficiency in targeting genetic material
    • 5.2.2. Therapeutic Application: Diverse applications of nucleic acid-based drugs in neurological disorders
  • 5.3. Porter's Five Forces Analysis
    • 5.3.1. Threat of New Entrants
    • 5.3.2. Threat of Substitutes
    • 5.3.3. Bargaining Power of Customers
    • 5.3.4. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
    • 5.3.5. Industry Rivalry
  • 5.4. PESTLE Analysis
    • 5.4.1. Political
    • 5.4.2. Economic
    • 5.4.3. Social
    • 5.4.4. Technological
    • 5.4.5. Legal
    • 5.4.6. Environmental

6. Nucleic Acid-Based Drugs Market, by Nucleic Acid Type

  • 6.1. Introduction
  • 6.2. DNA-based Drugs
  • 6.3. RNA-based Drugs

7. Nucleic Acid-Based Drugs Market, by Drug Type

  • 7.1. Introduction
  • 7.2. Long-Chain Nucleic Acid Drugs
  • 7.3. Short-Chain Nucleic Acid Drugs

8. Nucleic Acid-Based Drugs Market, by Method of Delivery

  • 8.1. Introduction
  • 8.2. Localized Delivery
  • 8.3. Systemic Delivery

9. Nucleic Acid-Based Drugs Market, by Therapeutic Application

  • 9.1. Introduction
  • 9.2. Cardiovascular Diseases
  • 9.3. Infectious Diseases
  • 9.4. Neurological Disorders
  • 9.5. Oncology
  • 9.6. Rare & Genetic Disorders

10. Nucleic Acid-Based Drugs Market, by End-User

  • 10.1. Introduction
  • 10.2. Biopharmaceutical Companies
  • 10.3. Hospitals & Clinics
  • 10.4. Research Organizations

11. Americas Nucleic Acid-Based Drugs Market

  • 11.1. Introduction
  • 11.2. Argentina
  • 11.3. Brazil
  • 11.4. Canada
  • 11.5. Mexico
  • 11.6. United States

12. Asia-Pacific Nucleic Acid-Based Drugs Market

  • 12.1. Introduction
  • 12.2. Australia
  • 12.3. China
  • 12.4. India
  • 12.5. Indonesia
  • 12.6. Japan
  • 12.7. Malaysia
  • 12.8. Philippines
  • 12.9. Singapore
  • 12.10. South Korea
  • 12.11. Taiwan
  • 12.12. Thailand
  • 12.13. Vietnam

13. Europe, Middle East & Africa Nucleic Acid-Based Drugs Market

  • 13.1. Introduction
  • 13.2. Denmark
  • 13.3. Egypt
  • 13.4. Finland
  • 13.5. France
  • 13.6. Germany
  • 13.7. Israel
  • 13.8. Italy
  • 13.9. Netherlands
  • 13.10. Nigeria
  • 13.11. Norway
  • 13.12. Poland
  • 13.13. Qatar
  • 13.14. Russia
  • 13.15. Saudi Arabia
  • 13.16. South Africa
  • 13.17. Spain
  • 13.18. Sweden
  • 13.19. Switzerland
  • 13.20. Turkey
  • 13.21. United Arab Emirates
  • 13.22. United Kingdom

14. Competitive Landscape

  • 14.1. Market Share Analysis, 2023
  • 14.2. FPNV Positioning Matrix, 2023
  • 14.3. Competitive Scenario Analysis
    • 14.3.1. GlaxoSmithKline PLC acquired Elsie Biotechnologies, LLC for USD 50 Million in a strategic move to boost nucleic acid drug development
    • 14.3.2. Waters Corporation introduced advanced SEC columns to accelerate gene-based drug development
    • 14.3.3. Asahi Kasei Bioprocess and Axolabs GmbH partner to accelerate the development of innovative gene-based therapies
  • 14.4. Strategy Analysis & Recommendation

Companies Mentioned

  • 1. Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
  • 2. Arcturus Therapeutics Holdings Inc.
  • 3. Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
  • 4. Beam Therapeutics Inc.
  • 5. BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.
  • 6. Bluebird Bio, Inc.
  • 7. CRISPR Therapeutics AG
  • 8. CureVac N.V.
  • 9. Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
  • 10. Dynavax Technologies Corporation
  • 11. Editas Medicine, Inc.
  • 12. Evotec SE
  • 13. Generation Bio Co.
  • 14. Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
  • 15. Moderna, Inc.
  • 16. ProQR Therapeutics N.V.
  • 17. Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc
  • 18. Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc.
  • 19. Senti Biosciences, Inc.
  • 20. Silence Therapeutics Plc
  • 21. Stoke Therapeutics, Inc.
  • 22. Translate Bio, Inc. by Sanofi SA
  • 23. Voyager Therapeutics, Inc.
  • 24. Wave Life Sciences Ltd.