電気自動車用バッテリーリサイクルの世界市場-2024-2031

概要

世界の電気自動車用バッテリーリサイクル市場は、2023年に86億米ドルに達し、2031年には506億米ドルに達すると予測され、予測期間2024-2031年のCAGRは24.8%で成長する見込みです。

コスト競争力を維持するためにリサイクル部品の使用が増加するため、よりエネルギー密度の高い新しい電気自動車用バッテリーの開発が市場成長の主な要因となります。2023年5月、米国の電池メーカーGotion Technology社は、リン酸リチウム化学をベースとしたL600電池の発売を発表しました。このバッテリーはエネルギー密度が高く、1回の充電で約600マイルの航続距離を実現します。

湿式冶金や乾式冶金のような伝統的なリサイクル方法に代わる方法がないことは、市場の将来的な成長を阻害する可能性があります。どちらの方法もエネルギーを大量に消費するため、リサイクルコストが上昇します。リチウムや他の電池部品の市場価格が大きく変動すれば、メーカーがリサイクルを全面的に放棄する可能性もあります。

ダイナミクス

世界のリチウム生産量増加の難しさ

電気自動車は、その高いエネルギー密度と幅広い保守性から、主にリチウム化学電池を好みます。しかし、生産者は、ほとんど常に供給を上回っている需要の増加に追いつくのに苦労しています。ドイツ銀行は2023年8月のプレスリリースで、2025年までに年間4万トンから5万トンの供給不足が生じ、2031年には76万8,000トンに増加すると予測しています。

チリ、ボリビア、アルゼンチンで新たなリチウム埋蔵量が発見されているが、これらの埋蔵量を開発し、本格的な商業生産を行うには少なくとも4～5年かかります。このようなタイムスケールは、短期的なリチウム不足を緩和するのに適していないです。そのため、ほとんどの電池メーカーは、不足を解消するため、リサイクル部品の使用量を増やす方向に舵を切っています。

他の電池化学物質の開発

電気自動車の動力源としてはリチウム電池が一般的だが、他の電池化学物質も研究されています。リチウム・ニッケル・コバルト・アルミニウム酸化物（NCA）やリチウム・ニッケル・マンガン・コバルト酸化物（NMC）はエネルギー密度が非常に高く、電気自動車の航続距離を伸ばすことができます。研究者たちは、充電速度が遅い、動作温度が高いと熱暴走反応を起こしやすいといった欠点を改善することに取り組んでいます。

チタン酸リチウム（LTO）は、急速充電が可能な自動車用バッテリーに多く採用されています。他の電池化学が主流になるにつれ、リサイクルリチウムや他の電池材料の需要が高まると思われます。多くの電池会社は、生産コストと環境汚染を削減するため、循環型リチウム経済の実現を目指しています。

リサイクルの高コスト

市場成長の主な阻害要因は、電池リサイクルのコストが比較的高いことです。湿式冶金も乾式冶金もエネルギー集約度が高く、リサイクルコストの大部分を占める。リサイクルが維持できるのは、電池材料の市場価格が高止まりしている場合のみです。価格が暴落すれば、リサイクルは法外に高くつく。

リサイクルを複雑にしているもう一つの要因は、異なる電池化学物質が使用されていることです。これらの電池は、リサイクル部品から製造するのは簡単だが、電池自体の寿命が尽きるとリサイクルが難しくなります。普遍的なリサイクル基準が承認されるまで、市場は引き続き厳しい成長状況を目の当たりにすることになると思われます。

目次

第1章 調査手法と調査範囲

第2章 定義と概要

第3章 エグゼクティブサマリー

第4章 市場力学

• 影響要因
  • 促進要因
    • 世界のリチウム生産量の増加の難しさ
    • 他の電池化学の発展
  • 抑制要因
    • リサイクルコストの高さ
  • 機会
  • 影響分析

第5章 産業分析

• ポーターのファイブフォース分析
• サプライチェーン分析
• 価格分析
• 規制分析
• ロシア・ウクライナ戦争影響分析
• DMIの見解

第6章 COVID-19分析

第7章 電池タイプ別

• リチウム・ニッケル・マンガン・コバルト
• リン酸鉄リチウム
• 酸化チタン酸リチウム
• マンガン酸リチウム
• 酸化リチウムニッケルコバルトアルミニウム

第8章 プロセス別

• 湿式冶金プロセス
• 乾式製錬プロセス
• 物理的／機械的プロセス

第9章 供給源別

• 乗用車
• 商用車
• 電動バイク

第10章 地域別

• 北米
  • 米国
  • カナダ
  • メキシコ
• 欧州
  • ドイツ
  • 英国
  • フランス
  • イタリア
  • スペイン
  • その他欧州
• 南米
  • ブラジル
  • アルゼンチン
  • その他南米
• アジア太平洋
  • 中国
  • インド
  • 日本
  • オーストラリア
  • その他アジア太平洋地域
• 中東・アフリカ

第11章 競合情勢

• 競合シナリオ
• 市況/シェア分析
• M&A分析

第12章 企業プロファイル

• GEM Co., Ltd.
  • 会社概要
  • 製品ポートフォリオと説明
  • 財務概要
  • 主な発展
• Eramet
• Li-Cycle Corp
• Fortum
• Umicore
• Redwood Materials Inc.
• Shenzhen Highpower Technology Co., Ltd.
• ACE Green Recycling, Inc.
• Stena Metall AB
• ACCUREC-Recycling GmbH

第13章 付録

Overview

Global Electric Vehicles Battery Recycling Market reached US$ 8.6 billion in 2023 and is expected to reach US$ 50.6 billion by 2031, growing with a CAGR of 24.8% during the forecast period 2024-2031.

The development of new and more energy-dense electric vehicle batteries will a major contributing factor to market growth, since the usage of recycled components will increase to keep costs competitive. In May 2023, Gotion Technology, a U.S. battery manufacturer, announced the launch of its L600 battery based on lithium-phosphate chemistry. The high-energy density of the battery provides nearly 600 miles of range on a single charge.

The lack of alternatives to traditional recycling methods like hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy could potentially cripple the future growth of the market. Both methods are highly energy intensive, which raises recycling costs. If there is significant volatility in the market prices of lithium and other battery components, manufacturers could abandon recycling all-together.

Dynamics

Difficulty in Raising Global Lithium Production Output

Electric vehicles mainly prefer lithium chemistry batteries due to their high energy density and extensive serviceability. However, producers have struggled to keep pace with growing demand which has almost always outstripped supply. In an August 2023 press release, Deutsche Bank stated that it forecasted an annual shortfall of 40,000 to 50,000 tons by 2025, which could grow to 768,000 tons by 2031.

Although new reserves of lithium have been discovered in Chile, Bolivia and Argentina, exploiting these reserves and undertaking full-scale commercial production can take at least 4 to 5 years. Such a timescale is not conducive for alleviating the short term lithium shortages. Therefore, most battery manufacturers are turning towards increasing the usage of recycled components to beat shortages.

Development of Other Battery Chemistries

Although lithium batteries are the popular choice for powering electric vehicles, other battery chemistries are also being explored. Lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) and lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) offer much higher energy density which can allow electric vehicles to extend their range. Researchers are working on remedying shortfalls such as slower charging speeds and susceptibility to thermal runaway reactions at higher operating temperatures.

Lithium titanate (LTO) is mostly being preferred for fast-charging vehicle batteries. As other battery chemistries become mainstream, there will be a greater demand for recycled lithium and other battery materials. Many battery companies are aiming to implement a circular lithium economy to reduce production costs and environmental pollution.

High Cost of Recycling

A major impediment to market growth is the relatively high cost of battery recycling. Both hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy are highly energy intensive and account for a major chunk of the recycling costs. Recycling can only be sustained if market prices of battery materials stay high. If prices crash, then recycling become prohibitively expensive.

Another factor complicating recycling is the usage of different battery chemistries. Although these batteries are easy to manufacture from recycled components, they themselves are difficult to recycle on reaching the end of their operational life. Until a universal recycling standard is approved, the market will continue to witness challenging growth conditions.

Segment Analysis

The global electric vehicles battery recycling market is segmented based on battery type, process, source and region.

Hydrometallurgy Remains the Most Popular Recycling Process

For the recycling of used EV lithium-ion batteries, the hydrometallurgical process is seen to be the best option. Hydrometallurgy works with all lithium-ion chemistries, recovering at least 95% of the battery's black mass. Lithium, manganese, cobalt, nickel and graphite are some of the valuable components that are recovered by hydrometallurgy. However, additional processing is required to isolate these other compounds.

Pyrometallurgical processes are mainly used for extensive recycling of cobalt. However, a major factor that influences the profitability of pyrometallurgical process is the market price of lithium metal. Hydrometallurgy is preferred because it can recover significant yields of other commercially valuable metals.

Geographical Penetration

The Growth of Chinese EV Exports Will Propel Market Growth in Asia-Pacific

Asia-Pacific will account for a large share of the global market thanks to China's continuing dominance of mass market electric vehicle exports. China's best-selling export model, the BYD Atto 3 is priced at US$ 16,500, roughly half the cost of competing models from western brands like Tesla, Ford and GM. With China ramping up domestic production and exports, local battery manufacturing companies are rapidly pivoting towards implementing a circular lithium supply chain to keep down costs.

VinFast, a Vietnamese EV manufacturer, is also rapidly scaling up its production and exports. In February 2024, the company broke ground on a new battery manufacturing and vehicle assembly plant in Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India. Asia-Pacific is expected to continue its domination of the global electric vehicles battery recycling market during the forecast period.

COVID-19 Impact Analysis

The pandemic created several pitfalls for EV battery recycling, mainly as lockdowns and other restrictions hampered the output of recycling plants. Supply chain disruptions also meant that lesser quantities of battery scrap material were available for recycling. The pandemic also contributed to an overall slowdown of R&D work on new recycling methods and technology.

Despite the challenges caused by the pandemic, the global market has exhibited remarkable resilience and has returned to a growth trajectory. A temporary volatility in global commodity prices is likely to weigh on market recovery, but is unlikely to influence the long-term growth of the global market.

Russia-Ukraine War Impact Analysis

Even before the start of the war in Ukraine, Russia had a very small share of the global market. Russian companies were not majorly involved in the development of electric vehicle battery technology, mostly relying on western and Chinese imports to fulfill domestic needs. The Ukraine war has caused major problems for Russia's local market.

The imposition of tough economic sanctions has cut off Russia from western technology and collaboration. Many highly qualified scientists working in the field have left the country to pursue research opportunities in Europe and U.S. Although Russian research institutes and universities have signed wide-ranging cooperation agreements with Chinese companies, it is unlikely to lead to significant market development.

By Battery Type

• Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt
• Lithium Iron Phosphate
• Lithium Titanate Oxide
• Lithium Manganese Oxide
• Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide

By Process

• Hydrometallurgical Process
• Pyrometallurgy Process
• Physical/Mechanical Process

By Source

• Passenger Vehicles
• Commercial Vehicles
• E-Bikes

By Region

• North America
  • U.S.
  • Canada
  • Mexico
• Europe
  • Germany
  • UK
  • France
  • Italy
  • Spain
  • Rest of Europe
• South America
  • Brazil
  • Argentina
  • Rest of South America
• Asia-Pacific
  • China
  • India
  • Japan
  • Australia
  • Rest of Asia-Pacific
• Middle East and Africa

Key Developments

• In September 2023, Eramet, a French metallurgy company in partnership with Suez, a utility company, announced that its new EV battery recycling center, based on hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical process, will commence operations in 2025.
• In December 2023, Rubamin, an Indian recycling company, announced plans to invest INR 545 crores (US$ 65.5 million) to build a new hydrometallurgical battery recycling facility with an annual capacity of 5000 tons, with commencement of operations in July 2024.
• In March 2023, the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in Germany announced the development of a new mechanical recycling process that can recover up to 70% of lithium.

Competitive Landscape

The major global players in the market include GEM Co., Ltd., Eramet, Li-Cycle Corp, Fortum, Umicore, Redwood Materials Inc., Shenzhen Highpower Technology Co., Ltd., ACE Green Recycling, Inc., Stena Metall AB and ACCUREC-Recycling GmbH.

Why Purchase the Report?

• To visualize the global electric vehicles battery recycling market segmentation based on battery type, process, source and region, as well as understand key commercial assets and players.
• Identify commercial opportunities by analyzing trends and co-development.
• Excel data sheet with numerous data points of electric vehicles battery recycling market-level with all segments.
• PDF report consists of a comprehensive analysis after exhaustive qualitative interviews and an in-depth study.
• Product mapping available as excel consisting of key products of all the major players.

The global electric vehicles battery recycling market report would provide approximately 62 tables, 55 figures and 196 Pages.

Target Audience 2024

• Automotive Companies
• Battery Companies
• Industry Investors/Investment Bankers
• Research Professionals

Table of Contents

1.Methodology and Scope

• 1.1.Research Methodology
• 1.2.Research Objective and Scope of the Report

2.Definition and Overview

3.Executive Summary

• 3.1.Snippet by Battery Type
• 3.2.Snippet by Process
• 3.3.Snippet by Source
• 3.4.Snippet by Region

4.Dynamics

• 4.1.Impacting Factors
  • 4.1.1.Drivers
    • 4.1.1.1.Difficulty in Raising Global Lithium Production Output
    • 4.1.1.2.Development of Other Battery Chemistries
  • 4.1.2.Restraints
    • 4.1.2.1.High Cost of Recycling
  • 4.1.3.Opportunity
  • 4.1.4.Impact Analysis

5.Industry Analysis

• 5.1.Porter's Five Force Analysis
• 5.2.Supply Chain Analysis
• 5.3.Pricing Analysis
• 5.4.Regulatory Analysis
• 5.5.Russia-Ukraine War Impact Analysis
• 5.6.DMI Opinion

6.COVID-19 Analysis

• 6.1.Analysis of COVID-19
  • 6.1.1.Scenario Before COVID-19
  • 6.1.2.Scenario During COVID-19
  • 6.1.3.Scenario Post COVID-19
• 6.2.Pricing Dynamics Amid COVID-19
• 6.3.Demand-Supply Spectrum
• 6.4.Government Initiatives Related to the Market During Pandemic
• 6.5.Manufacturers Strategic Initiatives
• 6.6.Conclusion

7.By Battery Type

• 7.1.Introduction
  • 7.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Battery Type
  • 7.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Battery Type
• 7.2.Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt*
  • 7.2.1.Introduction
  • 7.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
• 7.3.Lithium Iron Phosphate
• 7.4.Lithium Titanate Oxide
• 7.5.Lithium Manganese Oxide
• 7.6.Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide

8.By Process

• 8.1.Introduction
  • 8.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Process
  • 8.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Process
• 8.2.Hydrometallurgical Process*
  • 8.2.1.Introduction
  • 8.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
• 8.3.Pyrometallurgy Process
• 8.4.Physical/Mechanical Process

9.By Source

• 9.1.Introduction
  • 9.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Source
  • 9.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Source
• 9.2.Passenger Vehicles*
  • 9.2.1.Introduction
  • 9.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
• 9.3.Commercial Vehicles
• 9.4.E-Bikes

10.By Region

• 10.1.Introduction
  • 10.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Region
  • 10.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Region
• 10.2.North America
  • 10.2.1.Introduction
  • 10.2.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
  • 10.2.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Battery Type
  • 10.2.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Process
  • 10.2.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Source
  • 10.2.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
    • 10.2.6.1.U.S.
    • 10.2.6.2.Canada
    • 10.2.6.3.Mexico
• 10.3.Europe
  • 10.3.1.Introduction
  • 10.3.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
  • 10.3.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Battery Type
  • 10.3.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Process
  • 10.3.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Source
  • 10.3.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
    • 10.3.6.1.Germany
    • 10.3.6.2.UK
    • 10.3.6.3.France
    • 10.3.6.4.Italy
    • 10.3.6.5.Spain
    • 10.3.6.6.Rest of Europe
• 10.4.South America
  • 10.4.1.Introduction
  • 10.4.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
  • 10.4.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Battery Type
  • 10.4.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Process
  • 10.4.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Source
  • 10.4.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
    • 10.4.6.1.Brazil
    • 10.4.6.2.Argentina
    • 10.4.6.3.Rest of South America
• 10.5.Asia-Pacific
  • 10.5.1.Introduction
  • 10.5.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
  • 10.5.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Battery Type
  • 10.5.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Process
  • 10.5.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Source
  • 10.5.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
    • 10.5.6.1.China
    • 10.5.6.2.India
    • 10.5.6.3.Japan
    • 10.5.6.4.Australia
    • 10.5.6.5.Rest of Asia-Pacific
• 10.6.Middle East and Africa
  • 10.6.1.Introduction
  • 10.6.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
  • 10.6.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Battery Type
  • 10.6.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Process
  • 10.6.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Source

11.Competitive Landscape

• 11.1.Competitive Scenario
• 11.2.Market Positioning/Share Analysis
• 11.3.Mergers and Acquisitions Analysis

12.Company Profiles

• 12.1.GEM Co., Ltd.*
  • 12.1.1.Company Overview
  • 12.1.2.Product Portfolio and Description
  • 12.1.3.Financial Overview
  • 12.1.4.Key Developments
• 12.2.Eramet
• 12.3.Li-Cycle Corp
• 12.4.Fortum
• 12.5.Umicore
• 12.6.Redwood Materials Inc.
• 12.7.Shenzhen Highpower Technology Co., Ltd.
• 12.8.ACE Green Recycling, Inc.
• 12.9.Stena Metall AB
• 12.10.ACCUREC-Recycling GmbH

LIST NOT EXHAUSTIVE

13.Appendix

• 13.1.About Us and Services
• 13.2.Contact Us