サンプル依頼リスト カート
  • English
  • Korean
デフォルト表紙
市場調査レポート
商品コード
1708026

トリプルネガティブ乳がん治療の世界市場：業界分析、規模、シェア、成長、動向、予測（2025年～2032年）

Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market: Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast, 2025 - 2032

出版日
ページ情報
英文 180 Pages
納期
2～5営業日
カスタマイズ可能
価格
価格表記: USDを日本円(税抜)に換算
本日の銀行送金レート: 1USD=148.69円
トリプルネガティブ乳がん治療の世界市場：業界分析、規模、シェア、成長、動向、予測（2025年～2032年）
出版日: 2025年04月16日
発行: Persistence Market Research
ページ情報: 英文 180 Pages
納期: 2～5営業日
GIIご利用のメリット
  • 全表示
  • 概要
  • 目次
概要

世界のトリプルネガティブ乳がん治療の市場規模は、2025年に11億3,030万米ドルになるとみられ、2025年～2032年の予測期間に5.8%のCAGRで拡大し、2032年には16億7,980万米ドルに達すると予測されています。

トリプルネガティブ乳がん治療市場には、このアグレッシブなサブタイプの乳がんと闘うために調整された化学療法、標的療法、新興の免疫療法など、さまざまな治療アプローチが含まれます。他の乳がんとは異なり、TNBCはエストロゲン、プロゲステロン、HER2受容体の発現を欠くため、従来のホルモン療法やHER2標的療法では治療が困難です。その結果、治療の選択肢は急速に進化し、精密医療と新規薬剤の併用に焦点が当てられています。疾患罹患率の上昇、研究活動の活発化、画期的な治療法の承認が、市場成長の総体的な原動力となっています。

世界のトリプルネガティブ乳がん治療市場は、主にTNBCの罹患率の増加によって牽引されており、TNBCは若年女性や特定の民族の乳がん症例のかなりの割合を占めています。TNBCではホルモン受容体が存在しないため、先進的な治療戦略が必要となり、研究開発投資と臨床試験の急増を促しています。さらに、免疫療法やPARP阻害剤やチェックポイント阻害剤のような標的薬剤の開発・承認により、治療選択肢が大幅に拡大し、患者の転帰が改善されています。認知度の向上、診断技術の改善、がん医療に対する政府の取り組みも市場拡大に寄与しています。

TNBC治療市場は力強い成長が見込まれますが、顕著な市場抑制要因に直面しています。TNBCは攻撃的で再発率が高いため、長期的な治療効果が制限され、臨床管理上の課題が生じる。また、特定のTNBCサブタイプに対する標的治療の選択肢がないことが患者の反応を阻害し続けており、化学療法レジメンに伴う副作用が依然として懸念材料となっています。さらに、新規治療法のコストが高く、低所得層や農村部での利用が限られているため、特に新興経済国での普及が妨げられています。規制の遅れや臨床試験プロセスの複雑さも、迅速な医薬品開発の課題となっています。

TNBC治療市場は、ゲノムプロファイリング・バイオマーカーベースの薬剤開発・個別化医療の進歩に後押しされ、大きなビジネスチャンスを提供しています。免疫療法、特に免疫チェックポイント阻害薬や抗体薬物複合体は、有望な治療アプローチとして注目を集めています。製薬企業と学術研究機関の共同研究は、技術革新とパイプラインの拡充を加速させています。さらに、アジア太平洋やラテンアメリカなどの新興地域におけるヘルスケア・インフラの拡大と、がん検診プログラムの増加が、市場浸透の新たな道を開いています。バイオシミラーや費用対効果の高い代替治療薬への投資も、市場参入企業にとって有利な成長見通しを示しています。

当レポートでは、世界のトリプルネガティブ乳がん治療市場について調査し、薬剤タイプ別、流通チャネル別、地域別動向、および市場に参入する企業のプロファイルなどを提供しています。

目次

第1章 エグゼクティブサマリー

第2章 市場概要

  • 市場の範囲と定義
  • 市場力学
  • マクロ経済要因
  • COVID-19の影響分析
  • 予測要因- 関連性と影響

第3章 付加価値のある洞察

第4章 世界のトリプルネガティブ乳がん治療市場の見通し

  • 主なハイライト
  • トリプルネガティブ乳がん治療市場規模（100万米ドル）分析と予測
    • 過去の市場規模（100万米ドル）分析、2019年～2024年
    • 現在の市場規模（100万米ドル）分析と予測、2025年～2032年
  • 世界のトリプルネガティブ乳がん治療市場の見通し：薬剤タイプ別
    • イントロダクション/主な調査結果
    • 過去の市場規模（100万米ドル）分析、薬剤タイプ別、2019年～2024年
    • 現在の市場規模（100万米ドル）分析と予測、薬剤タイプ別、2025年～2032年
    • 市場の魅力分析：、薬剤タイプ別
  • トリプルネガティブ乳がん治療の世界市場見通し：流通チャネル別
    • イントロダクション/主な調査結果
    • 過去の市場規模（100万米ドル）分析、流通チャネル別、2019年～2024年
    • 現在の市場規模（100万米ドル）分析と予測、流通チャネル別、2025年～2032年
    • 市場の魅力分析：流通チャネル別

第5章 世界のトリプルネガティブ乳がん治療市場の見通し：地域別

  • 主なハイライト
  • 過去の市場規模（100万米ドル）分析、地域別、2019年～2024年
  • 現在の市場規模（100万米ドル）分析と予測、地域別、2025年～2032年
    • 北米
    • 欧州
    • 東アジア
    • 南アジアとオセアニア
    • ラテンアメリカ
    • 中東・アフリカ
  • 市場の魅力分析：地域別

第6章 北米のトリプルネガティブ乳がん治療市場の見通し

第7章 欧州のトリプルネガティブ乳がん治療市場の見通し

第8章 東アジアのトリプルネガティブ乳がん治療市場の見通し

第9章 南アジアおよびオセアニアにおけるトリプルネガティブ乳がん治療市場の見通し

第10章 ラテンアメリカのトリプルネガティブ乳がん治療市場の見通し

第11章 中東・アフリカにおけるトリプルネガティブ乳がん治療市場の見通し

第12章 競合情勢

  • トリプルネガティブ乳がん治療市場シェア分析（2025年）
  • トリプルネガティブ乳がん治療市場における薬剤タイプ
  • 企業プロファイル（詳細- 概要、財務、戦略、最近の動向）
    • AstraZeneca PLC
    • Pfizer, Inc.
    • F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd.
    • Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
    • Novartis AG
    • Mylan NV
    • Eli Lilly and Company
    • Celgene Corporation
    • Sanofi SA
    • Seattle Genetics and Genentech
    • Johnson &Johnson Services, Inc.
    • Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries Ltd
    • Sun Pharmaceuticals Industries Ltd
    • Fresenius Kabi AG

第13章 付録

目次
Product Code: PMRREP14305

Persistence Market Research has recently released a comprehensive report on the global Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Treatment Market, providing an in-depth analysis of key market dynamics, including driving forces, emerging trends, opportunities, and challenges. This report offers a detailed understanding of the market landscape, helping stakeholders make well-informed decisions.

Key Insights:

  • Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (2025E): US$ 1,130.3 Mn
  • Projected Market Value (2032F): US$ 1,679.8 Mn
  • Global Market Growth Rate (CAGR 2025 to 2032): 5.8%

Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market - Report Scope:

The triple negative breast cancer treatment market encompasses a variety of therapeutic approaches including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and emerging immunotherapies tailored to combat this aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Unlike other breast cancer forms, TNBC lacks expression of estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors, making it more difficult to treat using conventional hormone or HER2-targeted therapies. As a result, treatment options are evolving rapidly, focusing on precision medicine and novel drug combinations. Rising disease incidence, increasing research activities, and approvals of breakthrough therapies are collectively driving market growth.

Market Growth Drivers:

The global triple negative breast cancer treatment market is primarily driven by the increasing incidence of TNBC, which accounts for a significant proportion of breast cancer cases in younger women and certain ethnic groups. The absence of hormone receptors in TNBC necessitates advanced treatment strategies, prompting a surge in R&D investments and clinical trials. Furthermore, the development and approval of immunotherapy and targeted agents like PARP inhibitors and checkpoint inhibitors have significantly expanded therapeutic options, improving patient outcomes. Heightened awareness, improved diagnostic technologies, and government initiatives for cancer care are also contributing to market expansion.

Market Restraints:

Despite strong growth prospects, the TNBC treatment market faces notable restraints. The aggressive nature and high recurrence rate of TNBC limit long-term treatment effectiveness, creating clinical management challenges. The lack of targeted treatment options for certain TNBC subtypes continues to hamper patient response, and the side effects associated with chemotherapy regimens remain a concern. Moreover, the high cost of novel therapies and limited accessibility in low-income and rural regions restricts widespread adoption, particularly in emerging economies. Regulatory delays and the complexity of clinical trial processes also pose challenges to rapid drug development.

Market Opportunities:

The TNBC treatment market offers considerable opportunities fueled by advances in genomic profiling, biomarker-based drug development, and personalized medicine. Immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors and antibody-drug conjugates, is gaining traction as a promising treatment approach. Collaborations between pharmaceutical companies and academic research institutions are accelerating innovation and pipeline expansion. Additionally, expanding healthcare infrastructure in emerging regions like Asia-Pacific and Latin America, combined with rising cancer screening programs, opens new avenues for market penetration. Investments in biosimilars and cost-effective therapeutic alternatives also present lucrative growth prospects for market players.

Key Questions Answered in the Report:

  • What are the primary factors driving the global triple negative breast cancer treatment market's growth?
  • Which drug types and distribution channels are projected to experience the highest demand?
  • How are emerging treatment modalities like immunotherapy influencing market dynamics?
  • Who are the key players in the TNBC treatment market, and what strategies are they adopting to stay competitive?
  • What are the regional growth trends and future projections for the global TNBC treatment market?

Competitive Intelligence and Business Strategy:

Leading companies in the TNBC treatment market, such as AstraZeneca PLC, Pfizer, Inc., F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, are actively investing in immunotherapy and targeted drug research. These players are leveraging partnerships, acquisitions, and collaborative clinical trials to diversify their oncology pipelines. Strategic focus on obtaining FDA and EMA approvals for new treatment indications and expanding access in untapped markets remains a key priority. Companies are also enhancing their presence through patient assistance programs and digital health platforms aimed at improving cancer care delivery.

Companies Covered in This Report:

  • AstraZeneca PLC
  • Pfizer, Inc.
  • F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.
  • Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
  • Novartis AG
  • Mylan N.V.
  • Eli Lilly and Company
  • Celgene Corporation
  • Sanofi S.A.
  • Seattle Genetics
  • Genentech

Market Segmentation

By Drug Type:

  • Doxorubicin
  • Cyclophosphamide
  • Paclitaxel
  • Docetaxel
  • Carboplatin/Cisplatin
  • Others

By Distribution Channel:

  • Hospital Pharmacies
  • Specialty Cancer Clinics

By Region:

  • North America
  • Europe
  • East Asia
  • South Asia and Oceania
  • Latin America
  • Middle East and Africa

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

  • 1.1. Global Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Snapshot, 2025-2032
  • 1.2. Market Opportunity Assessment, 2025-2032, US$ Mn
  • 1.3. Key Market Trends
  • 1.4. Future Market Projections
  • 1.5. Premium Market Insights
  • 1.6. Industry Developments and Key Market Events
  • 1.7. PMR Analysis and Recommendations

2. Market Overview

  • 2.1. Market Scope and Definition
  • 2.2. Market Dynamics
    • 2.2.1. Drivers
    • 2.2.2. Restraints
    • 2.2.3. Opportunity
    • 2.2.4. Challenges
    • 2.2.5. Key Trends
  • 2.3. Macro-Economic Factors
    • 2.3.1. Global Sectorial Outlook
    • 2.3.2. Global GDP Growth Outlook
  • 2.4. COVID-19 Impact Analysis
  • 2.5. Forecast Factors - Relevance and Impact

3. Value Added Insights

  • 3.1. Regulatory Landscape
  • 3.2. Product Adoption Analysis
  • 3.3. Value Chain Analysis
  • 3.4. Key Deals and Mergers
  • 3.5. PESTLE Analysis
  • 3.6. Porter's Five Force Analysis

4. Global Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Outlook:

  • 4.1. Key Highlights
    • 4.1.1. Market Size (US$ Mn) and Y-o-Y Growth
    • 4.1.2. Absolute $ Opportunity
  • 4.2. Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast
    • 4.2.1. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis, 2019-2024
    • 4.2.2. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, 2025-2032
  • 4.3. Global Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Outlook: Drug Type
    • 4.3.1. Introduction / Key Findings
    • 4.3.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis, By Drug Type, 2019-2024
    • 4.3.3. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2025-2032
      • 4.3.3.1. Doxorubicin
      • 4.3.3.2. Cyclophosphamide
      • 4.3.3.3. Paclitaxel
      • 4.3.3.4. Docetaxel
      • 4.3.3.5. Carboplatin/Cisplatin
      • 4.3.3.6. Others
    • 4.3.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis: Drug Type
  • 4.4. Global Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Outlook: Distribution Channel
    • 4.4.1. Introduction / Key Findings
    • 4.4.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis, By Distribution Channel, 2019-2024
    • 4.4.3. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2025-2032
      • 4.4.3.1. Hospital Pharmacies
      • 4.4.3.2. Specialty Cancer Clinics
    • 4.4.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis: Distribution Channel

5. Global Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Outlook: Region

  • 5.1. Key Highlights
  • 5.2. Historical Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis, By Region, 2019-2024
  • 5.3. Current Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Region, 2025-2032
    • 5.3.1. North America
    • 5.3.2. Europe
    • 5.3.3. East Asia
    • 5.3.4. South Asia and Oceania
    • 5.3.5. Latin America
    • 5.3.6. Middle East & Africa
  • 5.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis: Region

6. North America Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Outlook:

  • 6.1. Key Highlights
  • 6.2. Historical Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis, By Market, 2019-2024
    • 6.2.1. By Country
    • 6.2.2. By Drug Type
    • 6.2.3. By Distribution Channel
  • 6.3. Current Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Country, 2025-2032
    • 6.3.1. U.S.
    • 6.3.2. Canada
  • 6.4. Current Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2025-2032
    • 6.4.1. Doxorubicin
    • 6.4.2. Cyclophosphamide
    • 6.4.3. Paclitaxel
    • 6.4.4. Docetaxel
    • 6.4.5. Carboplatin/Cisplatin
    • 6.4.6. Others
  • 6.5. Current Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2025-2032
    • 6.5.1. Hospital Pharmacies
    • 6.5.2. Specialty Cancer Clinics
  • 6.6. Market Attractiveness Analysis

7. Europe Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Outlook:

  • 7.1. Key Highlights
  • 7.2. Historical Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis, By Market, 2019-2024
    • 7.2.1. By Country
    • 7.2.2. By Drug Type
    • 7.2.3. By Distribution Channel
  • 7.3. Current Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Country, 2025-2032
    • 7.3.1. Germany
    • 7.3.2. France
    • 7.3.3. U.K.
    • 7.3.4. Italy
    • 7.3.5. Spain
    • 7.3.6. Russia
    • 7.3.7. Turkey
    • 7.3.8. Rest of Europe
  • 7.4. Current Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2025-2032
    • 7.4.1. Doxorubicin
    • 7.4.2. Cyclophosphamide
    • 7.4.3. Paclitaxel
    • 7.4.4. Docetaxel
    • 7.4.5. Carboplatin/Cisplatin
    • 7.4.6. Others
  • 7.5. Current Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2025-2032
    • 7.5.1. Hospital Pharmacies
    • 7.5.2. Specialty Cancer Clinics
  • 7.6. Market Attractiveness Analysis

8. East Asia Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Outlook:

  • 8.1. Key Highlights
  • 8.2. Historical Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis, By Market, 2019-2024
    • 8.2.1. By Country
    • 8.2.2. By Drug Type
    • 8.2.3. By Distribution Channel
  • 8.3. Current Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Country, 2025-2032
    • 8.3.1. China
    • 8.3.2. Japan
    • 8.3.3. South Korea
  • 8.4. Current Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2025-2032
    • 8.4.1. Doxorubicin
    • 8.4.2. Cyclophosphamide
    • 8.4.3. Paclitaxel
    • 8.4.4. Docetaxel
    • 8.4.5. Carboplatin/Cisplatin
    • 8.4.6. Others
  • 8.5. Current Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2025-2032
    • 8.5.1. Hospital Pharmacies
    • 8.5.2. Specialty Cancer Clinics
  • 8.6. Market Attractiveness Analysis

9. South Asia & Oceania Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Outlook:

  • 9.1. Key Highlights
  • 9.2. Historical Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis, By Market, 2019-2024
    • 9.2.1. By Country
    • 9.2.2. By Drug Type
    • 9.2.3. By Distribution Channel
  • 9.3. Current Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Country, 2025-2032
    • 9.3.1. India
    • 9.3.2. Southeast Asia
    • 9.3.3. ANZ
    • 9.3.4. Rest of South Asia & Oceania
  • 9.4. Current Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2025-2032
    • 9.4.1. Doxorubicin
    • 9.4.2. Cyclophosphamide
    • 9.4.3. Paclitaxel
    • 9.4.4. Docetaxel
    • 9.4.5. Carboplatin/Cisplatin
    • 9.4.6. Others
  • 9.5. Current Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2025-2032
    • 9.5.1. Hospital Pharmacies
    • 9.5.2. Specialty Cancer Clinics
  • 9.6. Market Attractiveness Analysis

10. Latin America Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Outlook:

  • 10.1. Key Highlights
  • 10.2. Historical Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis, By Market, 2019-2024
    • 10.2.1. By Country
    • 10.2.2. By Drug Type
    • 10.2.3. By Distribution Channel
  • 10.3. Current Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Country, 2025-2032
    • 10.3.1. Brazil
    • 10.3.2. Mexico
    • 10.3.3. Rest of Latin America
  • 10.4. Current Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2025-2032
    • 10.4.1. Doxorubicin
    • 10.4.2. Cyclophosphamide
    • 10.4.3. Paclitaxel
    • 10.4.4. Docetaxel
    • 10.4.5. Carboplatin/Cisplatin
    • 10.4.6. Others
  • 10.5. Current Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2025-2032
    • 10.5.1. Hospital Pharmacies
    • 10.5.2. Specialty Cancer Clinics
  • 10.6. Market Attractiveness Analysis

11. Middle East & Africa Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Outlook:

  • 11.1. Key Highlights
  • 11.2. Historical Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis, By Market, 2019-2024
    • 11.2.1. By Country
    • 11.2.2. By Drug Type
    • 11.2.3. By Distribution Channel
  • 11.3. Current Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Country, 2025-2032
    • 11.3.1. GCC Countries
    • 11.3.2. Egypt
    • 11.3.3. South Africa
    • 11.3.4. Northern Africa
    • 11.3.5. Rest of Middle East & Africa
  • 11.4. Current Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2025-2032
    • 11.4.1. Doxorubicin
    • 11.4.2. Cyclophosphamide
    • 11.4.3. Paclitaxel
    • 11.4.4. Docetaxel
    • 11.4.5. Carboplatin/Cisplatin
    • 11.4.6. Others
  • 11.5. Current Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2025-2032
    • 11.5.1. Hospital Pharmacies
    • 11.5.2. Specialty Cancer Clinics
  • 11.6. Market Attractiveness Analysis

12. Competition Landscape

  • 12.1. Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Share Analysis, 2025
  • 12.2. Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Market Drug Type
    • 12.2.1. Competition Intensity Mapping By Market
    • 12.2.2. Competition Dashboard
  • 12.3. Company Profiles (Details - Overview, Financials, Strategy, Recent Developments)
    • 12.3.1. AstraZeneca PLC
      • 12.3.1.1. Overview
      • 12.3.1.2. Segments and Products
      • 12.3.1.3. Key Financials
      • 12.3.1.4. Market Developments
      • 12.3.1.5. Market Strategy
    • 12.3.2. Pfizer, Inc.
    • 12.3.3. F. Hoffman - La Roche Ltd.
    • 12.3.4. Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
    • 12.3.5. Novartis AG
    • 12.3.6. Mylan N.V.
    • 12.3.7. Eli Lilly and Company
    • 12.3.8. Celgene Corporation
    • 12.3.9. Sanofi S.A.
    • 12.3.10. Seattle Genetics and Genentech
    • 12.3.11. Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.
    • 12.3.12. Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries Ltd
    • 12.3.13. Sun Pharmaceuticals Industries Ltd
    • 12.3.14. Fresenius Kabi AG

13. Appendix

  • 13.1. Research Methodology
  • 13.2. Research Assumptions
  • 13.3. Acronyms and Abbreviations