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市場調査レポート
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1571942

アルカリ珪酸塩の世界市場

Alkaline Silicate

出版日
ページ情報
英文 94 Pages
納期
即日から翌営業日
適宜更新あり
アルカリ珪酸塩の世界市場
出版日: 2024年10月18日
発行: Market Glass, Inc. (Formerly Global Industry Analysts, Inc.)
ページ情報: 英文 94 Pages
納期: 即日から翌営業日
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概要

アルカリ珪酸塩の世界市場は2030年までに2億6,810万米ドルに達する見込み

2023年に1億6,620万米ドルと推定されるアルカリ珪酸塩の世界市場は、2023年から2030年にかけてCAGR 7.1%で成長し、2030年には2億6,810万米ドルに達すると予測されます。本レポートで分析されているセグメントの1つである採鉱アプリケーションは、CAGR 7.7％を記録し、分析期間終了時には9,290万米ドルに達すると予測されています。トンネル掘削用途セグメントの成長率は、分析期間でCAGR 7.8％と推定されます。

米国市場は4,390万米ドルと推定、中国はCAGR 10.4％で成長予測

米国のアルカリ珪酸塩市場は、2023年に4,390万米ドルと推定されます。世界第2位の経済大国である中国は、2023年から2030年の分析期間においてCAGR 10.4%で推移し、2030年には6,320万米ドルの市場規模に達すると予測されています。その他の注目すべき地域別市場としては、日本とカナダがあり、分析期間中のCAGRはそれぞれ3.8％と6.4％と予測されています。欧州では、ドイツがCAGR 4.4%で成長すると予測されています。

世界のアルカリ珪酸塩市場- 主要動向と促進要因のまとめ

アルカリ珪酸塩が各業界で重要性を増している理由とは？

アルカリ珪酸塩は、一般的に水ガラスまたはケイ酸ナトリウムと呼ばれ、その汎用性の高い特性と幅広い用途により、さまざまな産業で重要性を増しています。この化合物は、一般的にシリカとナトリウムやカリウムなどのアルカリ金属を結合させることによって形成され、建設や農業から洗剤や水処理に至るまで、幅広い分野で使用されています。シリカの最も重要な特性のひとつは、その接着力と結合力であり、セメントや耐火物に使用される建築などの産業で重宝されています。さらに、化学的安定性と高温に対する耐性により、アルカリケイ酸塩は耐火材用途や鋳造用鋳型のバインダーとして好まれています。化学薬品や風化に強い保護層を提供するコーティングや表面治療における役割は、その重要性をさらに際立たせています。費用対効果や持続可能性に優れた多機能素材を求める産業界が増える中、アルカリ珪酸塩は、その汎用性、入手可能性、有効性により、最適なソリューションとなりつつあります。

どのような技術革新がアルカリ珪酸塩の用途を広げていますか？

最近の技術革新は、アルカリ珪酸塩の応用範囲を大きく広げました。ケイ酸塩化合物の配合における技術革新により、より精製された純粋なケイ酸ナトリウムやケイ酸カリウムの生産が可能になり、防水やシーリングなどの特定の用途における性能が向上しました。例えば、改質珪酸塩ベースのコーティングは現在、金属の耐久性と耐食性を向上させるために使用されており、海洋や工業環境のような過酷な環境において長期にわたる保護を提供しています。これらのコーティングは、多くの場合水性であり、有害な揮発性有機化合物（VOC）を含まないため、環境面でもメリットがあり、従来の化学処理に代わる持続可能な選択肢となっています。もう一つの大きな技術革新は、従来のセメントに代わる持続可能な代替品として台頭しつつあるジオポリマーにおけるアルカリ珪酸塩の使用です。アルカリ珪酸塩は、ジオポリマーコンクリートの形成においてバインダーとして機能し、従来のセメントと同等、あるいはそれ以上の構造特性を提供する一方で、二酸化炭素排出量を大幅に削減します。この開発は、建設業界が環境フットプリントの削減を目指す中で、特に重要な意味を持っています。さらに、ナノテクノロジーの進歩により、ケイ酸塩ナノ粒子の創製が可能になり、断熱材、コーティング材、さらには生物医学用途などの分野で、性能を高めるために先端材料に組み込まれつつあります。

アルカリ珪酸塩市場はどのように変化しているか？

アルカリ珪酸塩の需要は、業界動向の変化、特に持続可能性への関心の高まり、環境規制、より効率的で費用対効果の高い材料へのニーズによって牽引されています。建設業界では、環境に優しい建築材料への需要の高まりにより、ケイ酸塩ベースのセメントやコーティング剤など、アルカリ珪酸塩ベースの製品の使用が増加しています。これらの製品は、その耐久性や耐火性だけでなく、従来の材料に比べて環境への影響が少ないという点でも人気を集めています。ジオポリマーコンクリートのような環境に優しい代替材料の使用を含む、持続可能な建設慣行への後押しが、この分野におけるアルカリ珪酸塩の採用増加の主な要因です。農業分野では、アルカリケイ酸塩が肥料や土壌改良剤に利用されており、土壌構造を改善し、病害虫に対する作物の回復力を高める能力が高く評価されています。より持続可能な農法に対する需要の高まりは、合成化学薬品に比べて環境に優しいとされるケイ酸塩の使用をさらに促進しています。同様に、洗剤や水処理業界では、アルカリ珪酸塩の無毒性と生分解性の性質が、より厳しい環境基準を満たすように設計された製品にとって魅力的な選択肢となっています。

アルカリ珪酸塩市場拡大の主な要因は？

アルカリ珪酸塩市場の成長は、いくつかの要因、特に様々な産業における持続可能で環境に優しい素材への需要の高まりによってもたらされています。主な促進要因のひとつは、建設業界の環境に優しいソリューションへのシフトであり、アルカリ珪酸塩はジオポリマーコンクリートやケイ酸塩系コーティングのような持続可能な建築材料の開発において重要な役割を果たしています。アルカリ珪酸塩は、ジオポリマーコンクリートやケイ酸塩系コーティングのような持続可能な建築材料の開発において重要な役割を果たしています。さらに、防火安全性に関する規制が世界的に厳しくなるにつれて、耐火材や断熱材へのアルカリ珪酸塩の使用が拡大しており、建設やインフラプロジェクトにおける同化合物の需要をさらに押し上げています。もう一つの大きな成長要因は、水処理および洗剤産業におけるアルカリ珪酸塩の使用量の増加です。この化合物は軟水剤として機能し、環境に優しい特性を持っているため、環境に優しい洗浄製品や廃水処理プロセスでよく使用されています。世界の節水と化学物質汚染削減への関心の高まりが、これらの分野でのケイ酸塩ベースのソリューションの採用に拍車をかけています。農業分野も市場の成長に寄与しており、アルカリ珪酸塩は作物の収量と回復力を向上させる利点があるため、肥料や土壌治療の添加剤として人気を集めています。ナノテクノロジーと材料科学における技術的進歩は、特にアルカリケイ酸塩の新しい用途が高度なコーティング、接着剤、さらには生物医学材料に出現していることから、市場拡大をさらに後押ししています。また、産業の持続可能性、法規制への対応、様々な分野での費用対効果の追求も、ケイ酸塩ベースの新製品研究開発への投資拡大につながっています。産業界が性能とともに環境への影響をますます優先するようになるにつれ、アルカリ珪酸塩市場は、技術革新と多機能で持続可能な材料への需要の高まりによって、持続的な成長が見込まれます。

調査対象企業の例（全43件）

  • 3M Company
  • ADL Insulflex, Inc.
  • Almatis GmbH
  • BNZ Materials, Inc.
  • Cellaris Ltd
  • Hi-Temp Insulation
  • Insulcon Group
  • Isolite Insulating Products Co. Ltd.
  • M.E. Schupp Industriekeramik
  • Microtherm N.V.
  • Mitsubishi Plastics Inc.
  • Morgan Thermal Ceramics
  • Pacor, Inc.
  • Promat International
  • Pyrotek Incorporated
  • Shandong Luyang Share Co. Ltd.;

目次

第1章 調査手法

第2章 エグゼクティブサマリー

  • 市場概要
  • 主要企業
  • 市場動向と促進要因
  • 世界市場の見通し

第3章 市場分析

  • 米国
  • カナダ
  • 日本
  • 中国
  • 欧州
  • フランス
  • ドイツ
  • イタリア
  • 英国
  • スペイン
  • ロシア
  • その他欧州
  • アジア太平洋
  • オーストラリア
  • インド
  • 韓国
  • その他アジア太平洋地域
  • ラテンアメリカ
  • アルゼンチン
  • ブラジル
  • メキシコ
  • その他ラテンアメリカ
  • 中東
  • イラン
  • イスラエル
  • サウジアラビア
  • アラブ首長国連邦
  • その他中東
  • アフリカ

第4章 競合

目次
Product Code: MCP17488

Global Alkaline Silicate Market to Reach US$268.1 Million by 2030

The global market for Alkaline Silicate estimated at US$166.2 Million in the year 2023, is expected to reach US$268.1 Million by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 7.1% over the analysis period 2023-2030. Mining Application, one of the segments analyzed in the report, is expected to record a 7.7% CAGR and reach US$92.9 Million by the end of the analysis period. Growth in the Tunneling Application segment is estimated at 7.8% CAGR over the analysis period.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at US$43.9 Million While China is Forecast to Grow at 10.4% CAGR

The Alkaline Silicate market in the U.S. is estimated at US$43.9 Million in the year 2023. China, the world's second largest economy, is forecast to reach a projected market size of US$63.2 Million by the year 2030 trailing a CAGR of 10.4% over the analysis period 2023-2030. Among the other noteworthy geographic markets are Japan and Canada, each forecast to grow at a CAGR of 3.8% and 6.4% respectively over the analysis period. Within Europe, Germany is forecast to grow at approximately 4.4% CAGR.

Global Alkaline Silicate Market - Key Trends and Drivers Summarized

Why Is Alkaline Silicate Gaining Importance Across Industries?

Alkaline silicate, commonly referred to as water glass or sodium silicate, is becoming increasingly important across a variety of industries due to its versatile properties and wide range of applications. This compound, typically formed by combining silica with alkali metals such as sodium or potassium, has found uses in sectors ranging from construction and agriculture to detergents and water treatment. One of its most significant attributes is its adhesive and binding ability, which makes it valuable in industries like construction, where it is used in cement and refractory materials. In addition, its chemical stability and resistance to high temperatures have made alkaline silicates a preferred choice in fireproofing applications and as a binder in foundries for casting molds. Its role in coatings and surface treatments, where it provides protective layers resistant to chemicals and weathering, further underscores its importance. As industries increasingly seek multifunctional materials that offer cost-effectiveness and sustainability, alkaline silicate is becoming a go-to solution due to its versatility, availability, and effectiveness.

What Technological Innovations Are Enhancing the Applications of Alkaline Silicate?

Recent technological advancements have significantly broadened the range of applications for alkaline silicate, particularly in industries requiring enhanced material performance and sustainability. Innovations in the formulation of silicate compounds have enabled the production of more refined, pure forms of sodium and potassium silicates, enhancing their performance in specific applications such as waterproofing and sealing. For instance, modified silicate-based coatings are now being used to improve the durability and corrosion resistance of metals, offering long-lasting protection in harsh environments like marine or industrial settings. These coatings also provide environmental benefits, as they are often water-based and free from harmful volatile organic compounds (VOCs), making them more sustainable alternatives to traditional chemical treatments. Another major innovation is the use of alkaline silicates in geopolymers, which are emerging as a sustainable alternative to traditional cement. Alkaline silicate serves as a binder in the formation of geopolymer concrete, offering similar or even superior structural properties to conventional cement while significantly reducing carbon emissions. This development is particularly relevant as the construction industry seeks to reduce its environmental footprint. Additionally, advancements in nanotechnology have allowed for the creation of silicate nanoparticles, which are being incorporated into advanced materials for enhanced performance in areas such as insulation, coatings, and even biomedical applications.

How Are Shifting Industry Demands Shaping the Alkaline Silicate Market?

The demand for alkaline silicate is being driven by shifting industry trends, particularly the growing focus on sustainability, environmental regulations, and the need for more efficient and cost-effective materials. In the construction industry, the rising demand for eco-friendly building materials is leading to increased use of alkaline silicate-based products, such as silicate-based cements and coatings. These products are gaining popularity not only because of their durability and fire-resistant properties but also because they offer a lower environmental impact compared to traditional materials. The push toward sustainable construction practices, including the use of greener alternatives like geopolymer concrete, is a major factor in the increasing adoption of alkaline silicate in this sector. In the agriculture industry, alkaline silicates are being utilized in fertilizers and soil conditioners, where their ability to improve soil structure and increase crop resilience to pests and diseases is highly valued. The rising demand for more sustainable agricultural practices is further driving the use of silicates, which are seen as environmentally friendly compared to synthetic chemicals. Similarly, in the detergent and water treatment industries, alkaline silicate’s non-toxic and biodegradable nature makes it an appealing choice for products designed to meet stricter environmental standards.

What Key Factors Are Fueling Expansion of the Alkaline Silicate Market?

The growth in the alkaline silicate market is driven by several factors, particularly the increasing demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly materials across various industries. One of the primary drivers is the construction industry's shift toward eco-friendly solutions, with alkaline silicate playing a key role in the development of sustainable building materials like geopolymer concrete and silicate-based coatings. These materials offer significant environmental benefits by reducing carbon emissions and improving the energy efficiency of buildings. In addition, the use of alkaline silicate in fireproofing and insulation has grown as regulations regarding fire safety become more stringent globally, further boosting demand for the compound in construction and infrastructure projects. Another major growth driver is the rising use of alkaline silicate in the water treatment and detergent industries. The compound’s ability to act as a water softener and its environmentally benign characteristics make it a popular choice in eco-friendly cleaning products and wastewater treatment processes. The increasing global focus on water conservation and reducing chemical pollution has spurred the adoption of silicate-based solutions in these sectors. The agricultural sector is also contributing to market growth, with alkaline silicate gaining popularity as an additive in fertilizers and soil treatments due to its benefits in improving crop yield and resilience. Technological advancements in nanotechnology and material science are further driving market expansion, particularly as new applications for alkaline silicates emerge in advanced coatings, adhesives, and even biomedical materials. The push toward industrial sustainability, regulatory compliance, and cost-effectiveness across various sectors is also leading to greater investment in research and development of new silicate-based products. As industries increasingly prioritize environmental impact alongside performance, the alkaline silicate market is expected to witness sustained growth, driven by innovation and the rising demand for multifunctional, sustainable materials.

Select Competitors (Total 43 Featured) -

  • 3M Company
  • ADL Insulflex, Inc.
  • Almatis GmbH
  • BNZ Materials, Inc.
  • Cellaris Ltd
  • Hi-Temp Insulation
  • Insulcon Group
  • Isolite Insulating Products Co. Ltd.
  • M.E. Schupp Industriekeramik
  • Microtherm N.V.
  • Mitsubishi Plastics Inc.
  • Morgan Thermal Ceramics
  • Pacor, Inc.
  • Promat International
  • Pyrotek Incorporated
  • Shandong Luyang Share Co. Ltd.;

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. METHODOLOGY

II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

  • 1. MARKET OVERVIEW
    • Influencer Market Insights
    • Global Economic Update
    • Alkaline Silicate - Global Key Competitors Percentage Market Share in 2024 (E)
    • Competitive Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial for Players Worldwide in 2024 (E)
  • 2. FOCUS ON SELECT PLAYERS
  • 3. MARKET TRENDS & DRIVERS
    • Growing Demand for Eco-Friendly Construction Materials Propels Growth of Alkaline Silicate Market
    • Rising Adoption of Alkaline Silicates in Geopolymer Concrete Expands Addressable Market Opportunity
    • Advancements in Adhesives and Sealants Technology Spur Demand for Alkaline Silicate Compounds
    • Increasing Use of Alkaline Silicates in Fire-Resistant Coatings Strengthens Business Case for Product Adoption
    • Shift toward Sustainable Agriculture Drives Demand for Alkaline Silicate in Soil Stabilization and Fertilizers
    • Focus on Water Treatment Solutions Generates Demand for Alkaline Silicate-Based Products
    • Innovation in Industrial Cleaning Agents Expands Applications for Alkaline Silicate Formulations
    • Rising Demand for High-Performance Cement and Mortar Systems Fuels Market for Alkaline Silicates in Construction
    • Emerging Use of Alkaline Silicates in Corrosion Inhibitors Sustains Growth in Chemical Processing Industries
    • Expanding Use of Alkaline Silicates in Oil and Gas Well Cementing Creates New Market Opportunities
  • 4. GLOBAL MARKET PERSPECTIVE
    • TABLE 1: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 2: World Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 3: World 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets for Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
    • TABLE 4: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Mining by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 5: World Historic Review for Mining by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 6: World 16-Year Perspective for Mining by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
    • TABLE 7: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Tunneling by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 8: World Historic Review for Tunneling by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 9: World 16-Year Perspective for Tunneling by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
    • TABLE 10: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Construction Repair by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 11: World Historic Review for Construction Repair by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 12: World 16-Year Perspective for Construction Repair by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
    • TABLE 13: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Water Retaining Structures by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 14: World Historic Review for Water Retaining Structures by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 15: World 16-Year Perspective for Water Retaining Structures by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
    • TABLE 16: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Other Applications by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 17: World Historic Review for Other Applications by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 18: World 16-Year Perspective for Other Applications by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
    • TABLE 19: World Alkaline Silicate Market Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2030

III. MARKET ANALYSIS

  • UNITED STATES
    • Alkaline Silicate Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in the United States for 2024 (E)
    • TABLE 20: USA Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 21: USA Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 22: USA 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
  • CANADA
    • TABLE 23: Canada Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 24: Canada Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 25: Canada 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
  • JAPAN
    • Alkaline Silicate Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Japan for 2024 (E)
    • TABLE 26: Japan Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 27: Japan Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 28: Japan 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
  • CHINA
    • Alkaline Silicate Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in China for 2024 (E)
    • TABLE 29: China Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 30: China Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 31: China 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
  • EUROPE
    • Alkaline Silicate Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Europe for 2024 (E)
    • TABLE 32: Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Geographic Region - France, Germany, Italy, UK, Spain, Russia and Rest of Europe Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 33: Europe Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Geographic Region - France, Germany, Italy, UK, Spain, Russia and Rest of Europe Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 34: Europe 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for France, Germany, Italy, UK, Spain, Russia and Rest of Europe Markets for Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
    • TABLE 35: Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 36: Europe Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 37: Europe 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
  • FRANCE
    • Alkaline Silicate Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in France for 2024 (E)
    • TABLE 38: France Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 39: France Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 40: France 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
  • GERMANY
    • Alkaline Silicate Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Germany for 2024 (E)
    • TABLE 41: Germany Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 42: Germany Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 43: Germany 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
  • ITALY
    • TABLE 44: Italy Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 45: Italy Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 46: Italy 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
  • UNITED KINGDOM
    • Alkaline Silicate Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in the United Kingdom for 2024 (E)
    • TABLE 47: UK Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 48: UK Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 49: UK 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
  • SPAIN
    • TABLE 50: Spain Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 51: Spain Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 52: Spain 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
  • RUSSIA
    • TABLE 53: Russia Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 54: Russia Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 55: Russia 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
  • REST OF EUROPE
    • TABLE 56: Rest of Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 57: Rest of Europe Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 58: Rest of Europe 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
  • ASIA-PACIFIC
    • Alkaline Silicate Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Asia-Pacific for 2024 (E)
    • TABLE 59: Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Geographic Region - Australia, India, South Korea and Rest of Asia-Pacific Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 60: Asia-Pacific Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Geographic Region - Australia, India, South Korea and Rest of Asia-Pacific Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 61: Asia-Pacific 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Australia, India, South Korea and Rest of Asia-Pacific Markets for Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
    • TABLE 62: Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 63: Asia-Pacific Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 64: Asia-Pacific 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
  • AUSTRALIA
    • Alkaline Silicate Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Australia for 2024 (E)
    • TABLE 65: Australia Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 66: Australia Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 67: Australia 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
  • INDIA
    • Alkaline Silicate Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in India for 2024 (E)
    • TABLE 68: India Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 69: India Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 70: India 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
  • SOUTH KOREA
    • TABLE 71: South Korea Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 72: South Korea Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 73: South Korea 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
  • REST OF ASIA-PACIFIC
    • TABLE 74: Rest of Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 75: Rest of Asia-Pacific Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 76: Rest of Asia-Pacific 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
  • LATIN AMERICA
    • Alkaline Silicate Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Latin America for 2024 (E)
    • TABLE 77: Latin America Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Geographic Region - Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Rest of Latin America Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 78: Latin America Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Geographic Region - Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Rest of Latin America Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 79: Latin America 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Rest of Latin America Markets for Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
    • TABLE 80: Latin America Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 81: Latin America Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 82: Latin America 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
  • ARGENTINA
    • TABLE 83: Argentina Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 84: Argentina Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 85: Argentina 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
  • BRAZIL
    • TABLE 86: Brazil Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 87: Brazil Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 88: Brazil 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
  • MEXICO
    • TABLE 89: Mexico Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 90: Mexico Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 91: Mexico 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
  • REST OF LATIN AMERICA
    • TABLE 92: Rest of Latin America Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 93: Rest of Latin America Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 94: Rest of Latin America 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
  • MIDDLE EAST
    • Alkaline Silicate Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Middle East for 2024 (E)
    • TABLE 95: Middle East Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Geographic Region - Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia, UAE and Rest of Middle East Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 96: Middle East Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Geographic Region - Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia, UAE and Rest of Middle East Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 97: Middle East 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia, UAE and Rest of Middle East Markets for Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
    • TABLE 98: Middle East Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 99: Middle East Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 100: Middle East 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
  • IRAN
    • TABLE 101: Iran Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 102: Iran Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 103: Iran 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
  • ISRAEL
    • TABLE 104: Israel Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 105: Israel Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 106: Israel 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
  • SAUDI ARABIA
    • TABLE 107: Saudi Arabia Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 108: Saudi Arabia Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 109: Saudi Arabia 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
  • UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
    • TABLE 110: UAE Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 111: UAE Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 112: UAE 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
  • REST OF MIDDLE EAST
    • TABLE 113: Rest of Middle East Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 114: Rest of Middle East Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 115: Rest of Middle East 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
  • AFRICA
    • Alkaline Silicate Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Africa for 2024 (E)
    • TABLE 116: Africa Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 117: Africa Historic Review for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 118: Africa 16-Year Perspective for Alkaline Silicate by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Mining, Tunneling, Construction Repair, Water Retaining Structures and Other Applications for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030

IV. COMPETITION