パーキンソン病：2033年までの疫学的予測

パーキンソン病（PD）は、臨床的には振戦、固縮、徐脈などの顕著な運動症状を伴う運動障害に分類される神経変性難病です。PDの臨床症状は、姿勢不安定、安静時振戦、歩行障害を特徴とし、これは黒質のA9ドーパミン作動性ニューロンの進行性喪失に起因し、徐脈、安静時振戦、硬直、姿勢障害を伴う運動症状と、低血圧、急速眼球運動、睡眠行動障害、うつ病などの非運動症状を伴います。PDは、アルツハイマー病に次いで高齢者に多い慢性進行性神経変性疾患であり、全世界の65歳以上の患者の1～2％が罹患しています。現在のところ、PDの非遺伝的症例を診断するための血液検査や臨床検査はありません。診断は主に患者の病歴と神経学的診察に基づいて行われます。PDの診断を支持するもう1つの特徴は、薬物療法開始後の患者の改善です。現在の治療は症状の緩和をもたらしますが、病気の進行を止めたり遅らせたりする治療法はまだありません。PDの治療法はまだ確立されていませんが、薬物療法、外科的介入、理学療法や作業療法などの既存の治療法は、主要な症状を管理し、生活の質をできるだけ長く保つのに役立っています。

2023年には、主要7ヶ国全体で18歳以上の男女のPD有病者数は263万6,930人と診断されました。米国は97万4,348例と最も多く、スペインは13万1,264例と最も少なくなっています。主要7ヶ国全体では、PDと診断済み有病者数は2033年までに314万7,624例に増加し、予測期間中の年間成長率（AGR）は1.94％と予測されます。

当レポートでは、主要7ヶ国市場（米国、フランス、ドイツ、イタリア、スペイン、英国、日本）におけるパーキンソン病の危険因子、併存疾患、世界および過去の疫学動向について概説し、パーキンソン病の診断済み発症例と診断済み有病率に関する10年間の疫学予測などをまとめています。

目次

第1章 パーキンソン病：エグゼクティブサマリー

第2章 疫学

• 病気の背景
• リスク要因と合併症
• 世界と歴史の動向
• 主要7ヶ国予測調査手法
• PDの疫学的予測（2023年～2033年）
  • 診断済みPDの有病率
  • 診断済みPDの有病率、年齢別
  • 診断済みPDの有病率、性別
  • 診断済みPDの有病率、HY臨床病期分類別
  • 診断済みPDの有病率、遺伝型別
  • 診断済みPDの有病率、運動合併症別
  • 診断済みPDの有病率、神経精神医学的合併症別
• 議論

第3章 付録

List of Tables

• Table 1: Summary of newly added data types
• Table 2: Summary of updated data types
• Table 3: Risk factors and comorbidities of PD

List of Figures

• Figure 1: 7MM, diagnosed prevalent cases of PD, both sexes, N, ages >=18 years, 2023 and 2033
• Figure 2: 7MM, diagnosed prevalence of PD, both sexes, ages >=18 years, %, 2023
• Figure 3: 7MM, sources used and not used to forecast diagnosed prevalent cases of PD
• Figure 4: 7MM, sources used to forecast the diagnosed prevalent cases of PD segmented by HY clinical staging
• Figure 5: 7MM, sources used to forecast the diagnosed prevalent cases of PD segmented by inheritance type
• Figure 6: 7MM, sources used to forecast the diagnosed prevalent cases of PD segmented by motor complications
• Figure 7: 7MM, sources used to forecast the diagnosed prevalent cases of PD segmented by neuropsychiatric complications
• Figure 8: 7MM, diagnosed prevalent cases of PD, N, both sexes, ages >=18 years, 2023
• Figure 9: 7MM, age-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of PD, N, both sexes, 2023
• Figure 10: 7MM, sex-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of PD, N, ages >=18 years, 2023
• Figure 11: 7MM, diagnosed prevalent cases of PD by HY clinical staging, both sexes, ages >=18 years, N, 2023
• Figure 12: 7MM, diagnosed prevalent cases of PD by type, both sexes, ages >=18 years, N, 2023
• Figure 13: 7MM, diagnosed prevalent cases of PD by inheritance type, both sexes, ages >=18 years, N, 2023
• Figure 14: 7MM, diagnosed prevalent cases of PD by motor complications, N, both sexes, ages >=18 years, 2023
• Figure 15: 7MM, diagnosed prevalent cases of PD by neuropsychiatric complications, N, both sexes, 2023

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease clinically categorized as a movement disorder with prominent motor symptoms, including tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia (Hoehn and Yahr, 1967; Poewe et al., 2017). The clinical presentation of PD is characterized by postural instability, resting tremors, and gait problems that result from the progressive loss of A9 dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (Delic et al., 2020). PD is associated with motor symptoms involving bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, and postural disturbances, as well as non-motor symptoms, including hyposmia, rapid eye movements, sleep behavior disorder, and depression (World Health Organization, 2023). PD is the second most common chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly, following Alzheimer's disease, and affects 1-2% of individuals ages 65 years and older worldwide (Mhyre et al., 2012; Kowal et al., 2013). At present, there are no blood or laboratory tests to diagnose non-genetic cases of PD. Diagnosis is primarily based on a patient's medical history and neurological examination. An additional hallmark that supports a PD diagnosis is a patient's improvement after starting medication. While current treatments provide symptomatic relief, there is still no therapy available to halt or slow the progression of the disease. Although a cure for PD remains elusive, existing treatments-such as medications, surgical interventions, and therapies like physiotherapy and occupational therapy-help manage key symptoms and preserve quality of life for as long as possible (National Health Service, 2022; National Institute on Aging, 2022).

In 2023, there were 2,636,930 diagnosed prevalent cases of PD among men and women ages 18 years and older across the 7MM. The US had the highest number of cases at 974,348, while Spain had the fewest, with 131,264 cases. Across the 7MM, the diagnosed prevalent cases of PD are projected to rise to 3,147,624 cases by 2033 at an annual growth rate (AGR) of 1.94% over the forecast period. This increase in the diagnosed prevalent cases of PD across the 7MM is primarily attributed to changes in the underlying population demographics, as GlobalData epidemiologists assumed a constant prevalence rate during the forecast period.

Scope

• This report provides an overview of the risk factors, comorbidities, and global and historical trends for PD in the seven major markets (7MM: the US, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the UK, and Japan).
• The report features a 10-year epidemiological forecast for the diagnosed prevalent cases of PD segmented by sex and age (beginning at age 18 years and ending at ages 85 years and older).
• The diagnosed prevalent cases are further categorized by Hoehn and Yahr (HY) clinical staging (stages I, II, III, IV, and V) and grouped into early (equivalent to HY clinical stages I-II), moderate-advanced (equivalent to HY clinical stages III-V), and advanced (equivalent to HY clinical stages IV-V). Additionally, the report covers diagnosed prevalent cases based on the inheritance type, including sporadic (idiopathic) and familial forms of PD.
• It also includes segments on motor complications, such as motor fluctuations and levodopa-induced dyskinesia, as well as neuropsychiatric complications, classified into psychosis, dementia, and hallucinations.
• To forecast the diagnosed prevalent cases of PD in the 7MM, GlobalData epidemiologists selected nationally representative, population-based studies that provided these epidemiological data. In addition, the forecast is supported by robust, country-specific data obtained from various authentic sources, such as research articles published in peer-reviewed journals.

Reasons to Buy

• The Parkinson's disease (PD) epidemiology series will allow you to:
• Develop business strategies by understanding the trends shaping and driving the global PD market.
• Quantify patient populations in the global PD market to improve product design, pricing, and launch plans.
• Organize sales and marketing efforts by identifying the age groups that present the best opportunities for PD therapeutics in each of the markets covered.

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

• About GlobalData

1 Parkinson's Disease: Executive Summary

• 1.1 Catalyst
• 1.2 Related reports
• 1.3 Upcoming reports

2 Epidemiology

• 2.1 Disease background
• 2.2 Risk factors and comorbidities
• 2.3 Global and historical trends
• 2.4 7MM forecast methodology
  • 2.4.1 Sources
  • 2.4.2 Forecast assumptions and methods
  • 2.4.3 Forecast assumptions and methods: diagnosed prevalent cases of PD
  • 2.4.4 Forecast assumptions and methods: diagnosed prevalent cases of PD by HY clinical staging
  • 2.4.5 Forecast assumptions and methods: diagnosed prevalent cases of PD by inheritance type
  • 2.4.6 Forecast assumptions and methods: diagnosed prevalent cases of PD by motor complications
  • 2.4.7 Forecast assumptions and methods: diagnosed prevalent cases of PD by neuropsychiatric complications
• 2.5 Epidemiological forecast for PD (2023-33)
  • 2.5.1 Diagnosed prevalent cases of PD
  • 2.5.2 Age-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of PD
  • 2.5.3 Sex-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of PD
  • 2.5.4 Diagnosed prevalent cases of PD by HY clinical staging
  • 2.5.5 Diagnosed prevalent cases of PD by type
  • 2.5.6 Diagnosed prevalent cases of PD by inheritance type
  • 2.5.7 Diagnosed prevalent cases of PD by motor complications
  • 2.5.8 Diagnosed prevalent cases of PD by neuropsychiatric complications
• 2.6 Discussion
  • 2.6.1 Epidemiological forecast insight
  • 2.6.2 COVID-19 impact
  • 2.6.3 Limitations of the analysis
  • 2.6.4 Strengths of the analysis

3 Appendix

• 3.1 Bibliography
• 3.2 About the authors
  • 3.2.1 Epidemiologist
  • 3.2.2 Reviewers
  • 3.2.3 Vice President of Disease Intelligence and Epidemiology
  • 3.2.4 Global Head of Pharma Research, Analysis and Competitive Intelligence
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