グリーンアンモニア：価値創造と技術の成長機会

生産工場からの温室効果ガス排出を減らし、天然ガス輸入への依存度を下げる必要性が高まっていることから、アンモニアメーカーの間でグリーンアンモニア技術の採用が進められています。

当レポートでは、世界のグリーンアンモニア市場について調査分析し、戦略的必須要件、成長機会分析、地域動向と技術開発の取り組み等に関する情報を提供しています。

目次

戦略的必須要件

• グリーンアンモニア市場の成長に圧力をかける戦略的必須要件 8（TM）
• 戦略的必須要件 8（TM）
• グリーンアンモニア産業に対する上位3つの戦略的必須要件の影響
• 成長機会がGrowth Pipeline Engine (TM)を促進
• 調査手法

分析の範囲と主要な調査結果

• 調査対象と範囲
• 主な調査結果

成長機会分析

• 世界のアンモニア生産の概要
• 世界のアンモニア生産の概要-ディスカッション
• グリーン水素からのグリーンアンモニアの必要性
• クリーンエネルギー源からのグリーンアンモニアの価値創造
• グリーンアンモニアの価値創造の機会
• 肥料、化学薬品、および燃料は、グリーンアンモニアの価値創造の主要な機会領域として特定されています。

成長機会分析-燃料としてのグリーンアンモニア

• 異なるセクターにわたる燃料としてのグリーンアンモニアの価値創造
• グリーンアンモニアを燃料に変換するための主要技術
• グリーンアンモニア燃焼技術は、従来の石油またはガス燃料に代わる気候に優しい代替燃料を提供します。
• 高いエネルギー効率は、海洋用途におけるグリーンアンモニア用の燃料電池技術の開発を推進しています。
• グリーンアンモニア分解技術により、水素燃料の大量生産が可能になります。
• 輸送セクターのさまざまな燃料の物理的属性の比較
• グリーンアンモニアに適用可能な燃料電池技術の比較分析
• グリーンアンモニアは、従来の海洋燃料に代わる気候に優しい代替燃料を提供します。
• 燃料としてのグリーンアンモニアの採用に影響を与える主な要因

成長機会分析-肥料としてのグリーンアンモニア

• 肥料産業におけるグリーンアンモニアの価値創造
• グリーンアンモニアを肥料に変換するための重要な技術
• グリーン尿素生産は、従来の尿素生産よりも少ない温室効果ガスを排出します。
• 環境安全に関連する規制の強化は、硝酸アンモニウム生産のためのグリーンアンモニアの採用を促進します。
• グリーンリン酸アンモニウムは、土壌のリン不足と水質汚染に関連する課題を克服します。
• アルカリ性土壌による栽培失敗に関する懸念の高まりは、硫酸アンモニウムの適用を支持しています。
• 尿素生産の主要プロセスの比較
• 肥料としてのグリーンアンモニアの採用に影響を与える主な要因

成長機会分析-化学品原料としてのグリーンアンモニア

• 化学品原料としてのグリーンアンモニアの価値創造
• グリーンアンモニアを化学品中間体に変換するための主要技術
• 化学品中間体ヒドラジンへのグリーンアンモニアの価値創造
• 化学品中間体アニリンへのグリーンアンモニアの価値創造
• 化学品中間体フェニルヒドラジンへのグリーンアンモニアの価値創造
• 化学品中間体ヒドロキシルアミンへのグリーンアンモニアの価値創造
• 化学品中間体ホルムアミドへのグリーンアンモニアの価値創造
• 化学品中間体スルファミン酸へのグリーンアンモニアの価値創造
• 化学品中間体アセトアミドへのグリーンアンモニアの価値創造
• 化学品原料としてのグリーンアンモニアの採用に影響を与える主な要因

グリーンアンモニア生成のための地域動向と技術開発の取り組み

• グリーンアンモニア技術の開発は、北米の強力な業界と大学のコラボレーションによりサポートされています。
• 北米の水素からのアンモニアの価値創造のための業界イニシアチブ
• 有利な政府の政策とインセンティブがアジア太平洋のグリーンアンモニア技術の開発を支援しています。
• アジア太平洋における水素からのアンモニアの価値創造のための業界イニシアチブ
• 欧州は、2050年までに再生可能エネルギーを利用した低炭素肥料と海洋燃料生産の開発を目指しています。
• 欧州における水素からのアンモニアの価値創造のための業界イニシアチブ
• 重要な公的および民間部門の投資は、中東およびアフリカにおけるグリーンアンモニア技術の開発を推進しています。
• 中東・アフリカにおける水素からのアンモニアの価値創造のための業界イニシアチブ
• ラテンアメリカのグリーンアンモニア技術開発は、積極的な脱炭素化の目標により推進されています。
• ラテンアメリカにおける水素からのアンモニアの価値創造のための業界イニシアチブ
• 水素からアンモニアへの価値転換に向けた研究機関の貢献
• 公的資金はアンモニア生産に焦点を合わせています。
• 民間資金は、アンモニアの海洋燃料への価値創造を支援する技術の開発に焦点を合わせています。
• 水素からのアンモニア生成のための業界イニシアチブ

成長機会ユニバース

• 成長機会1：新しい技術を開発し、生産を拡大するためのグリーンアンモニアメーカーと再生可能エネルギー会社の間の戦略的提携
• 成長機会2：新しいグリーンアンモニア貯蔵および輸送インフラの開発
• 成長機会3：小規模なグリーンアンモニア生産と遠隔再生可能エネルギーの組み合わせ
• 成長機会4：グリーンアンモニア合成のための電気化学および化学ループプロセスの統合

付録

次のステップ

The Valorization of Green Ammonia Aids the Development of Sustainable Fertilizers, Chemicals, and Fuels.

Green ammonia is used to manufacture agricultural products, refrigerants, explosives, dyes, fuels, textiles, industrial chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. The growing need to decrease greenhouse gas emissions from production plants and reduce dependency on natural gas imports is driving green ammonia technology adoption among ammonia manufacturers.

Rising concerns about the environmental impact of conventional ammonia production and the implementation of zero-carbon policies by governments across the world are encouraging advancements in ammonia manufacturing from clean energy sources. The valorization of green ammonia from renewable energy sources can pave the way for the manufacture of safer agricultural products, act as an alternative to fossil fuels, and offer cleaner industrial chemical manufacturing.

Globally, about 80% of the ammonia produced is used as fertilizers for agricultural production due to ammonia's high nitrogen content. However, the conventional Haber-Bosch process of ammonia production is an energy-intensive process that releases a high amount of greenhouse gases. Owing to its zero-carbon content, green ammonia can be used to manufacture clean fertilizers and facilitate sustainable farming. The use of technology can substantially decarbonize refineries and the production of fertilizers. Green ammonia can be integrated into existing facilities involved in small-scale renewable generation for the production of urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, and ammonium nitrate.

Ammonia is used to produce key chemicals, including hydrazine, phenylhydrazine, hydroxylamine, aniline, formamide, sulfamic acid, and acetamide, which are used as intermediates in dyes, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, textiles, leather, paper, and plastic. Carbon dioxide emissions from high-value chemical production are expected to exceed 230 million metric tons by 2025. The replacement of conventional fossil fuel-based ammonia with renewable-based green ammonia holds massive potential to substantially decrease carbon emissions; however, significant developments are required to scale up existing green ammonia technologies to meet the growing demand from end-use industries.

Green ammonia holds a promising application outlook as a carbon-free fuel alternative due to its high hydrogen content. Higher energy density, lower ignition temperature, and ease of storage and transport when compared to other fuels drive the adoption of new valorization technologies to convert green ammonia into fuel. The marine sector accounts for approximately 14% of nitrogen and 5% of sulfur releases from all fuel combustion sources. Increasingly stringent marine regulations to limit emissions from marine diesel engines are driving technological advancements in proton exchange membrane fuel cells, alkaline fuel cells, and solid oxide fuel cells to power marine engines.

This Frost & Sullivan research service identifies and analyzes technology advancements focused on cost-effective and highly efficient production technologies; it examines the commercialization landscape of valorization technologies, the major application markets, and the potential application landscape. The technological advancements captured are dedicated to the valorization of green ammonia from hydrogen for fertilizers, chemical intermediates, and marine fuel. The study provides insight into the key focus areas of the technologies, their challenges, and adoption strategies for better utility.

Frost & Sullivan has identified key areas of technology development for green ammonia and categorized them into different domains, as follows:

• 1) Production methods, including hybrid plasma electrocatalytic processes, ionic liquid-based electrolytic technologies, mobile systems for on-site production, ceramic-based button-size reverse fuel cells, the green Haber-Bosch process, photochemical green ammonia synthesis, and chemical looping

• 2) Valorization technologies to convert green ammonia to chemical intermediates, including the Pechiney-Ugine-Kuhlmann process, direct amination or ammonolysis, aniline oxidation, the Raschig process, the carbonylation of ammonia, sulfamation, and the dehydration of ammonium acetate

• 3) Valorization technologies to convert green ammonia to fuels, including thermal and catalytic methods

• 4) Valorization technologies to convert green ammonia to fertilizers.

Ammonia manufacturers have increased R&D investments in the green Haber-Bosch process or decarbonized Haber-Bosch process. Owing to increasingly stringent regulatory guidelines, manufacturers are forming alliances with research universities to adopt sustainable production methods. Factors such as production efficiency, cost, the expansion of the renewable energy sector, and favorable government policies are driving the green ammonia technology landscape.

Key Points Discussed:

• Which emerging technologies support the production of green ammonia?

• What R&D efforts are being taken in terms of new production technologies for improved yield and low energy consumption?

• What are the new trends in green ammonia production technologies and valorization techniques for the conversion of green ammonia to fertilizers, chemical intermediates, and fuel?

• What are the growth opportunities for technology developers in the green ammonia industry?

Table of Contents

Strategic Imperatives

• The Strategic Imperative 8™Factors Creating Pressure on Growth in the Green Ammonia Market
• The Strategic Imperative 8™
• The Impact of the Top 3 Strategic Imperatives on the Green Ammonia Industry
• Growth Opportunities Fuel the Growth Pipeline Engine™
• Research Methodology

Scope of Analysis and Key Findings

• Research Coverage and Scope
• Key Findings

Growth Opportunity Analysis

• Global Ammonia Production Overview
• Global Ammonia Production Overview-Discussion
• Need for Green Ammonia from Green Hydrogen
• Valorization of Green Ammonia from Clean Energy Sources
• Green Ammonia Valorization Opportunities
• Fertilizers, Chemicals, and Fuels have been Identified as Key Opportunity Areas for Green Ammonia Valorization.

Growth Opportunities Analysis -Green Ammonia as Fuel

• Valorization of Green Ammonia as Fuel across Different Sectors
• Key Technologies to Convert Green Ammonia to Fuel
• Green Ammonia Combustion Technology Offers a Climate-friendly Alternative to Conventional Oil or Gas Fuel.
• High Energy Efficiency is Pushing the Development of Fuel Cell Technologies for Green Ammonia in Marine Applications.
• Green Ammonia Cracking Technology is Enabling the Large-scale Production of Hydrogen Fuel.
• Comparison of Physical Attributes of Different Fuels for the Transportation Sector
• Comparative Analysis of Fuel Cell Technologies Applicable for Green Ammonia
• Green Ammonia Offers a Climate-friendly Alternative to Conventional Marine Fuels.
• Key Factors Influencing Green Ammonia Adoption as Fuel

Growth Opportunities Analysis -Green Ammonia as Fertilizer

• Valorization of Green Ammonia in the Fertilizers Industry
• Key Technologies to Convert Green Ammonia into Fertilizers
• Green Urea Production Emits Lesser Greenhouse Gases than Conventional Urea Production.
• Increased Regulations Pertaining to Environmental Safety will Fuel the Adoption of Green Ammonia for Ammonium Nitrate Production.
• Green Ammonium Phosphate will Overcome the Challenges Associated with Soil Phosphorus Shortages and Water Pollution.
• Increasing Concerns Regarding Cultivation Failures due to Alkaline Soil Support the Application of Ammonium Sulfate.
• Comparison of Key Processes for Urea Production
• Key Factors Influencing Green Ammonia Adoption as Fertilizers

Growth Opportunities Analysis -Green Ammonia as Feedstock for Chemicals

• Valorization of Green Ammonia as Feedstock for Chemicals
• Key Technologies to Convert Green Ammonia into Chemical Intermediates
• Valorization of Green Ammonia into Chemical Intermediate Hydrazines
• Valorization of Green Ammonia into Chemical Intermediate Anilines
• Valorization of Green Ammonia into Chemical Intermediate Phenylhydrazines
• Valorization of Green Ammonia into Chemical Intermediate Hydroxylamines
• Valorization of Green Ammonia into Chemical Intermediate Formamides
• Valorization of Green Ammonia into Chemical Intermediate Sulfamic Acids
• Valorization of Green Ammonia into Chemical Intermediate Acetamides
• Key Factors Influencing Green Ammonia Adoption as Feedstock for Chemicals

Regional Trends and Technology Development Efforts for Green Ammonia Generation

• Green Ammonia Technology Development is Supported by Strong Industry and University Collaborations in North America.
• Industry Initiatives for the Valorization of Ammonia from Hydrogen in North America
• Favorable Government Policies and Incentives are Aiding the Development of Green Ammonia Technology in Asia-Pacific
• Industry Initiatives for the Valorization of Ammonia from Hydrogen in Asia-Pacific
• Europe Aims to Develop Low-carbon Fertilizer and Marine Fuel Production using Renewable Energy by 2050.
• Industry Initiatives for the Valorization of Ammonia from Hydrogen in Europe
• Industry Initiatives for the Valorization of Ammonia from Hydrogen in Europe (continued)
• Significant Public and Private Sector Investment is Driving Green Ammonia Technology Development in the Middle East and Africa.
• Industry Initiatives for the Valorization of Ammonia from Hydrogen in the Middle East and Africa
• Industry Initiatives for the Valorization of Ammonia from Hydrogen in the Middle East and Africa (continued)
• Latin America's Green Ammonia Technology Development is Driven by Aggressive Decarbonization Goals.
• Industry Initiatives for the Valorization of Ammonia from Hydrogen in Latin America
• Research Institutes' Contribution to the Valorization of Ammonia from Hydrogen
• Public Funding Focuses on Ammonia Production.
• Public Funding Focuses on Ammonia Production. (continued)
• Private Funding Focuses on the Development of Technologies that Support the Valorization of Ammonia into Marine Fuel.
• Industry Initiatives for Ammonia Generation from Hydrogen

Growth Opportunity Universe

• Growth Opportunity 1: Strategic Collaborations between Green Ammonia Manufacturers and Renewable Power Companies to Develop New Technologies and Scale up Production
• Growth Opportunity 1: Strategic Collaborations between Green Ammonia Manufacturers and Renewable Power Companies to Develop New Technologies and Scale up Production (continued)
• Growth Opportunity 2: Development of New Green Ammonia Storage and Transport Infrastructure
• Growth Opportunity 2: Development of New Green Ammonia Storage and Transport Infrastructure (continued)
• Growth Opportunity 3: Combining Small-scale Green Ammonia Production with Remote Renewable Generation
• Growth Opportunity 3: Combining Small-scale Green Ammonia Production with Remote Renewable Generation (continued)
• Growth Opportunity 4: Integration of Electrochemical and Chemical Looping Processes for Green Ammonia Synthesis
• Growth Opportunity 4: Integration of Electrochemical and Chemical Looping Processes for Green Ammonia Synthesis (continued)

Appendix

• Technology Readiness Levels (TRL): Explanation
• Partial List of Acronyms and Abbreviations Used in the Study

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