米国の在宅勤務：Consumer Insights

在宅勤務 (リモートワーク) は、COVID-19のパンデミック発生時に大きなトレンドとなっています。知識経済圏を中心とした一部の労働者は既にホームオフィスで仕事をしていましたが、2020年3月にはさらに多くの労働者がリモートワークへと移行しました。その後、自宅にとどまる人もいれば、フルタイムまたはパートタイムでオフィスに戻る人もいます。さらに、働き手も変化し、対面でしかできない仕事から、よりリモートワークの可能性がある仕事に移行したケースもあります。

働く場所や働き方の変化は、商業不動産のようなわかりやすい分野から、通勤の有無によるお金の使い方の変化まで、米国経済の多くの部分に影響を及ぼします。そのため、この分野の消費者動向を調査することで、マーケティングや商品開発のヒントを得ることができます。

当レポートでは、米国の労働者が在宅勤務に対する考え方について分析し、昨今の勤務形態の選択状況 (2020年半ば～2022年末) や、COVID-19への懸念や健康状態への影響、今後の勤務形態に対する計画 (ホームオフィス、非常勤形態への移行、転職など)、仕事に対する意識、世代別・居住地別 (都市部/郊外/農村部)・勤務形態別 (フルタイム/パートタイム) などの詳細動向などを調査すると共に、マクロレベルの市場環境データ (2012年～2027年：居住者人口、民間労働力人口、失業率、部門別の雇用規模・増加率など) をも取りまとめてお届けいたします。

目次

第1章 イントロダクション

第2章 概要

• 居住者人口
• 民間労働力と雇用動向
• 雇用形態

第3章 COVID-19の洞察

• ケースパターン
• ほとんどの人がまだ、パンデミックを個人的または家族/友人への健康上の脅威と捉えている
  • 健康への脅威感：在宅勤務の状況別
  • 健康への脅威感：在宅勤務の頻度別
  • 健康への脅威感：勤務地別
  • 健康への脅威感：年齢層別
• COVID-19の変異株に関する懸念
  • COVID-19の変異株：懸念は未だに大きい
  • 変異株への懸念：勤務地別
  • 変異株への懸念：年齢別
• 心身の健康への継続的な影響
  • 心身の健康への影響の変化
  • ストレス・疲労・不安
  • エネルギーレベルと集中力

第4章 在宅勤務の動向

• 半数以上の従業員が在宅勤務を開始
• 正社員と非正規社員の違い
• 世帯収入別の違い
• 元の勤務地別の違い
• 在宅勤務の変化
• リモートワークの時間経過
• 職種別のリモートワーク

第5章 今後の勤務計画

• 自室のホームオフィスへの転換
  • ホームオフィスへの変換状況：世代別
  • ホームオフィスへの変換状況：勤務地別
• フルタイム勤務からの引退
  • 引退状況：世代別
  • 引退状況：勤務地別
• 転職
  • 転職状況：世代別
  • 転職状況：勤務地別

第6章 仕事に対する考え方

• 超過労働についての考え方
• 世代別の意識
• 主な勤務地別の意識

第7章 付録

Work-from-home - or remote work - became a major trend at onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. While some workers, mostly in the knowledge economy, had already been working from a home office, many more shifted to remote work in March 2020. Some have stayed home since, while others have returned to their offices on a full- or part-time basis. Additionally, the workforce has changed; in some cases, workers moved from jobs that could only be done in person to those that had more remote potential.

Changes in where and how we work affect so many parts of the US economy, from obvious sectors like commercial real estate to how commuting (or not) changes where and how workers spend their money. Consequently, an investigation into consumer trends in this area can give insight to marketing and product development opportunities.

This report contains analysis and data-based discussions of work-from-home trends, including a look at COVID-19 pandemic concerns and wellness impacts, attitudes about work, demographic trends, future plans for work, and other consumer insights.

This report includes analysis, data, trends, and customized cross tabs using two survey resources:

data from The Freedonia Group's proprietary national online survey conducted from February 2021, June 2021, August 2021, October-November 2021, November-December 2021, February 2022, May 2022, August 2022 and December 2022

data from syndicated national consumer survey results from MRI-Simmons Fall 2016-2022 Reports

Consumers' opinion on the topics above is analyzed by the following metrics:

age group

generation

urban/suburban/rural location

full- or part-time employment status

primary work location (home or office)

household income

job function

Scope of the Report

This study examines consumer insights and trends in the US market for work-from-home habits and attitudes about work. Survey data capture insights starting in mid-2020 and through to the end of 2022, as well as display historical trends in consumer sentiment back to 2016. This report also includes macro-level data (2012-2027) showing the size and growth of the US resident population, civilian labor force, unemployment rates, and employment in various sectors to provide context for the potential population impacted by these trends.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

2. Overview

• Resident Population
• Civilian Labor Force & Employment
• Types of Employment

3. COVID-19 Insights

• Case Patterns
• Most Still Consider the Pandemic a Health Threat Personally or to Family/Friends
  • Health Threat Feelings by Work From Home Status
  • Heath Threat Feelings by Work From Home Frequency
  • Health Threat Feelings by Location of Work
  • Health Threat Feelings by Age Group
• Concerns about COVID-19 Variants
  • Concerns About Variants of COVID-19 are Significant
  • Concern About Variants by Location of Work
  • Concern About Variants by Age Group
• Continuing Mental and Physical Health Effects
  • Changes in Mental & Physical Health Effects
  • Stress, Tiredness, & Anxiety
  • Energy Levels & Focus

4. Work From Home Trends

• More Than Half of Employees Are Set Up to Work From Home
• Differences Between Full-Time & Part-Time Employees
• Differences by Household Income
• Differences by Location of Original Workplace
• Changes in Work From Home
• Remote Work Over Time
• Remote Work by Job Function

5. Future Plans For Work

• Convert a Room to a Home Office
  • Convert a Home Office by Generation
  • Convert a Home Office by Work Location
• Retire From Full-Time Work
  • Retire by Generation
  • Retire by Work Location
• Change Jobs
  • Change Jobs by Generation
  • Change Jobs by Work Location

6. Attitudes About Work

• Attitudes About Work Over Time
• Attitudes by Generation
• Attitudes by Primary Work Location

7. Appendix

• Related Studies
  • Consumer Insights Reports
  • Freedonia Group US Studies
  • Freedonia Group Global Studies
  • Freedonia Focus Reports
  • Packaged Facts Reports

List of Tables

2. Overview

• Table 2-1. Resident Population by Age Group, 2012, 2017, 2022, 2027 (millions)
• Table 2-2. Resident Population Historical Annual Data, 2017-2022 (millions)
• Table 2-3. Resident Population Annual Forecast Data, 2022-2027 (millions)
• Table 2-4. Civilian Labor Force & Unemployment Rate, 2012, 2017, 2022, 2027 (millions)
• Table 2-5. Civilian Labor Force & Unemployment Rate Historical Annual Data, 2017-2022 (millions)
• Table 2-6. Civilian Labor Force & Unemployment Rate Forecast Annual Data, 2022-2027 (millions)
• Table 2-7. Employed Civilian Labor Force by Type of Employment, 2012, 2017, 2022, 2027 (millions)
• Table 2-8. Employed Civilian Labor Force by Type of Employment Historical Annual Data, 2017-2022 (millions)
• Table 2-9. Employed Civilian Labor Force by Type of Employment Forecast Annual Data, 2022-2027 (millions)

3. COVID-19 Insights

• Table 3-1. I am concerned about the current coronavirus health threat..., 2020-2022 (% of consumers)
• Table 3-2. I am concerned about the current coronavirus health threat..., by Work From Home Status 2022 (% of employed consumers)
• Table 3-3. I am concerned about the current coronavirus health threat..., by Work From Home Frequency 2022 (% of employed consumers who are set up to work from home)
• Table 3-4. The Current Coronavirus Pandemic is a Health Threat to Me, Personally by Area of Work, 2022 (% respondents
• Table 3-5. The Current Coronavirus Pandemic is a Health Threat to Me, Personally by Age Group, 2022 (% respondents)
• Table 3-6. I Am Concerned About the Health Threat of Omicron & Future Potential Variants of COVID-19 by Location of Work, 2022 (% respondents)
• Table 3-7. I Am Concerned About the Health Threat of Omicron & Future Potential Variants of COVID-19 by Age Group, 2022 (% respondents)
• Table 3-8. Changes in Mental and Physical Symptoms during the Pandemic, May, August, December 2022 (% of consumers)
• Table 3-9. Please rate changes to how you currently feel in these areas (stress, tiredness, anxiety), compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic (before March 2020), 2022 (% respondents who reported feeling more of these characteristics)
• Table 3-10. Please rate changes to how you currently feel in these areas (energy levels, focus), compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic (before March 2020), 2022 (% respondents who reported feeling less of these characteristics

4. Work From Home Trends

• Table 4-1. Are You Set Up to Do Your Normal Work from Home - Whether Ordinarily, Part-Time, or As-Needed? by Gender, Age Group, & Presence of Minor Children at Home, 2022 (% of employed respondents who said yes)
• Table 4-2. Are You Set Up to Do Your Normal Work from Home - Whether Ordinarily, Part-Time, or As-Needed? by Full-Time v. Part-Time Work Status, 2022 (% of employed respondents who said yes)
• Table 4-3. Are You Set Up to Do Your Normal Work from Home - Whether Ordinarily, Part-Time, or As-Needed? by Household Income, 2022 (% of employed respondents who said yes)
• Table 4-4. Are You Set Up to Do Your Normal Work from Home - Whether Ordinarily, Part-Time, or As-Needed? by Location of Work, 2022 (% of employed respondents who said yes)
• Table 4-5. Changes in Work From Home Frequency, 2020 & 2022 (% of employed respondents who are set up to work from home & said yes)
• Table 4-6. Remote Work Trends, 2016-2022 (% population)
• Table 4-7. Remote Work Trends by Job Function, 2022 (% of population)

5. Future Plans For Work

• Table 5-1. Plan to Convert a Room to a Home Office in the Next 12 Months by Generation, 2016-2022 (% of population)
• Table 5-2. Plan to Convert a Room to a Home Office in the Next 12 Months by Work Location, 2016-2022 (% of population)
• Table 5-3. Plan to Retire From Full-Time Work in the Next 12 Months by Generation, 2016-2022 (% of population)
• Table 5-4. Plan to Retire From Full-Time Work in the Next 12 Months by Work Location, 2016-2022 (% of population)
• Table 5-5. Plan to Change Jobs in the Next 12 Months by Generation, 2016-2022 (% of population)
• Table 5-6. Plan to Change Jobs in the Next 12 Months by Work Location, 2016-2022 (% of population)

6. Attitudes About Work

• Table 6-1. Attitudes About Work, 2016-2022 (% population that agreed - somewhat or completely - with the statements
• Table 6-2. Attitudes About Work by Generations, 2022 (% population that agreed - somewhat or completely - with the statements)
• Table 6-3. Attitudes About Work by Primary Workplace, 2022 (% population that agreed - somewhat or completely - with the statements

List of Figures

3. COVID-19 Insights

• Figure 3-1. COVID-19 Statistics, March 2020-March 2023 (new cases and deaths)
• Figure 3-2. Concerns about the Delta/Omicron Variant and Future Variants of COVID-19, 2021-2022 (% of consumers)
• © by The Freedonia Group, a division of MarketResearch.com