サンプル依頼リスト カート
  • English
  • Korean
  • Traditional Chinese
  • Simplified Chinese
デフォルト表紙
市場調査レポート
商品コード
1547402

データ収集システムの世界市場調査レポート：産業分析、規模、シェア、成長、動向、2024年から2032年までの予測

Global Data Acquisition System Market Research Report - Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast 2024 to 2032

出版日
ページ情報
英文 177 Pages
納期
即日から翌営業日
カスタマイズ可能
価格
価格表記: USDを日本円(税抜)に換算
本日の銀行送金レート: 1USD=146.08円
データ収集システムの世界市場調査レポート：産業分析、規模、シェア、成長、動向、2024年から2032年までの予測
出版日: 2024年07月01日
発行: Value Market Research
ページ情報: 英文 177 Pages
納期: 即日から翌営業日
GIIご利用のメリット
  • 全表示
  • 概要
  • 図表
  • 目次
概要

データ収集システム市場の世界需要は、2023年の26億3,000万米ドルから2032年には45億1,000万米ドル近くの市場規模に達すると推定され、調査期間2024～2032年のCAGRは6.16%です。

データ収集（DAQ）システムは、1つまたは複数のセンサーまたは変換器からデータを自動的に取得し、コンピュータシステムに直接入力するソフトウェアとハードウェアのアセンブリです。データ収集システムの様々なコンポーネントは、DAQハードウェア、信号調整ハードウェア、センサーとアクチュエーター、そしてDAQソフトウェアを実行するためのコンピューターです。DAQシステムの主要目的は、実世界からデータを取得し、それをデジタル化してモニターで分析、表示、コンピュータに保存することです。プロセスや機械の効率を向上させ、データの冗長性を減らし、エラーを更新し、問題をより速く分析し、解決することによって、組織の全体的なパフォーマンスを向上させるのに役立ちます。DAQシステムは、自動車・輸送、航空宇宙・防衛、環境モニタリング、エネルギー・電力、飲食品、医療、ワイヤレス通信など、さまざまな用途で使用されています。

市場力学

データ収集システムの成長に寄与している主要要因は、産業オートメーションの採用が拡大していることと、故障の早期発見や業務効率の改善に役立つため、データモニタリングの重要性がますます高まっていることです。最終用途産業に関連する測定用途における精度と正確さへのニーズの高まりと、企業における戦略的意思決定を支援する機器への需要の高まりは、DAQシステム市場にプラスの影響を与えています。

調査レポートは、ポーターのファイブフォースモデル、市場の魅力分析、バリューチェーン分析をカバーしています。これらのツールは、業界の構造を明確に把握し、世界レベルでの競合の魅力を評価するのに役立ちます。さらに、これらのツールはデータ収集システムの世界市場における各セグメントを包括的に評価することもできます。データ収集システム産業の成長と動向は、この調査に全体的なアプローチを記載しています。

市場セグメンテーション

データ収集システム市場レポートのこのセクションでは、国と地域レベルのセグメントに関する詳細なデータを提供し、それによって戦略家が今後の機会とともに、それぞれの製品やサービスの対象層を特定するのに役立ちます。

地域分析

このセクションでは、北米、欧州、アジア太平洋、ラテンアメリカ、中東・アフリカにおけるデータ収集システム市場の現在と将来の需要を強調する地域展望をカバーしています。さらに、すべての主要地域における個々の用途セグメントの需要、推定・予測にも焦点を当てています。

カスタム要件がある場合は、お問い合わせください。当社の調査チームは、お客様のニーズに応じてカスタマイズしたレポートを提供することができます。

目次

第1章 序文

第2章 エグゼクティブサマリー

  • 市場のハイライト
  • 世界市場スナップショット

第3章 データ収集システム-産業分析

  • イントロダクション：市場力学
  • 市場促進要因
  • 市場抑制要因
  • 市場機会
  • 業界動向
  • ポーターのファイブフォース分析
  • 市場の魅力分析

第4章 バリューチェーン分析

  • バリューチェーン分析
  • 原材料分析
    • 原材料リスト
    • 原材料メーカー一覧
    • 主要原材料の価格動向
  • 潜在的バイヤー一覧
  • マーケティングチャネル
    • 直接マーケティング
    • 間接マーケティング
    • マーケティングチャネル発展動向

第5章 データ収集システムの世界市場分析：タイプ別

  • タイプ別概要
  • タイプ別過去・予測データ分析
  • HMI
  • 産業用ロボット
  • 制御バルブ
  • センサー
  • その他

第6章 データ収集システムの世界市場分析：システム別

  • システム別概要
  • システム別過去・予測データ分析
  • DCS
  • PLC
  • SCADA
  • その他

第7章 データ収集システムの世界市場分析：業界別

  • 業界別概要
  • 業界別過去・予測データ分析
  • 航空宇宙・防衛
  • 自動車
  • 化学
  • エネルギー・公益事業
  • 飲食品
  • 医療
  • 製造業
  • 鉱業・金属
  • 石油・ガス
  • 運輸
  • その他

第8章 データ収集システムの世界市場分析：地域別

  • 地域別展望
  • イントロダクション
  • 北米売上分析
    • 概要、実績と予測
    • 北米：セグメント別
    • 北米：国別
    • 米国
    • カナダ
    • メキシコ
  • 欧州売上分析
    • 概要、実績と予測
    • 欧州：セグメント別
    • 欧州：国別
    • 英国
    • フランス
    • ドイツ
    • イタリア
    • ロシア
    • その他の欧州
  • アジア太平洋売上分析
    • 概要、実績と予測
    • アジア太平洋：セグメント別
    • アジア太平洋：国別
    • 中国
    • インド
    • 日本
    • 韓国
    • オーストラリア
    • 東南アジア
    • その他のアジア太平洋
  • ラテンアメリカ売上分析
    • 概要、実績と予測
    • ラテンアメリカ：セグメント別
    • ラテンアメリカ：国別
    • ブラジル
    • アルゼンチン
    • ペルー
    • チリ
    • その他のラテンアメリカ
  • 中東・アフリカ売上分析
    • 概要、実績と予測
    • 中東・アフリカ：セグメント別
    • 中東・アフリカ：国別一覧
    • サウジアラビア
    • アラブ首長国連邦
    • イスラエル
    • 南アフリカ
    • その他の中東・アフリカ

第9章 データ収集システム企業の競合情勢

  • データ収集システム市場の競合
  • 提携・協力・契約
  • 合併・買収
  • 新製品発表
  • その他の開発

第10章 企業プロファイル

  • 上位企業の市場シェア分析
  • 市場集中度
  • Emerson Electric Co.
  • ABB Ltd.
  • General Electric
  • Teledyne Technologies Inc.
  • National Instruments Corp.
  • Honeywell International Inc.
  • Yokogawa Electric Corporation
  • Campbell Scientific Inc.
  • Imc Test & Measurement GmbH
  • Schneider Electric
  • AMETEK Inc.
  • Rockwell Automation Corporation
  • Dewetron GmbH
  • Siemens AG
図表

LIST OF TABLES

  • Market Snapshot
  • Drivers: Impact Analysis
  • Restraints: Impact Analysis
  • List of Raw Material
  • List of Raw Material Manufactures
  • Analysis By Type (USD MN)
  • HMI Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Industrial Robots Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Control Valves Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Sensors Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Others Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Analysis By System (USD MN)
  • DCS Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • PLC Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • SCADA Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Others Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Analysis By Vertical (USD MN)
  • Aerospace & Defence Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Automotive Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Chemical Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Energy & Utilities Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Food & Beverage Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Healthcare Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Manufacturing Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Mining & Metal Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Oil & Gas Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Transportation Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Others Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Data Acquisition System Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • North America Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • United States Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Canada Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Mexico Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Europe Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Europe Market Estimate By Country (USD MN)
  • United Kingdom Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • France Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Germany Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Italy Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Russia Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Spain Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Europe Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Asia Pacific Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • China Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Japan Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • India Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • South Korea Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Australia Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • South East Asia Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Asia Pacific Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Latin America Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Brazil Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Argentina Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Peru Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Chile Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Latin America Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Middle East & Africa Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Saudi Arabia Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • UAE Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Israel Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • South Africa Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Middle East and Africa Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Partnership/Collaboration/Agreement
  • Mergers And Acquisition

LIST OF FIGURES

  • Research Scope of Data Acquisition System Report
  • Market Research Process
  • Market Research Methodology
  • Global Data Acquisition System Market Size, By Region (USD MN)
  • Porters Five Forces Analysis
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis By Type
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis By System
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis By Vertical
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis By Region
  • Value Chain Analysis
  • Global Market Analysis By Type (USD MN)
  • HMI Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Industrial Robots Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Control Valves Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Sensors Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Others Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Market Analysis By System (USD MN)
  • DCS Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • PLC Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • SCADA Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Others Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Market Analysis By Vertical (USD MN)
  • Aerospace & Defence Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Automotive Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Chemical Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Energy & Utilities Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Food & Beverage Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Healthcare Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Manufacturing Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Mining & Metal Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Oil & Gas Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Transportation Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Others Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Market Sales (USD MN)
  • North America Market Sales (USD MN)
  • Europe Market Sales (USD MN)
  • Asia Pacific Market Sales (USD MN)
  • Latin America Market Sales (USD MN)
  • Middle East & Africa Market Sales (USD MN)
  • Recent Development in Industry
  • Top Company Market Share Analysis

Kindly note that the above listed are the basic tables and figures of the report and are not limited to the TOC.

目次
Product Code: VMR11215527

The global demand for Data Acquisition System Market is presumed to reach the market size of nearly USD 4.51 Billion by 2032 from USD 2.63 Billion in 2023 with a CAGR of 6.16% under the study period 2024-2032.

A data acquisition (DAQ) system is an assembly of software and hardware that automatically obtains data from one or more sensors or transducers and enters directly into a computer system. The various components of a data acquisition system are DAQ hardware, signal conditioning hardware, sensors and actuators, and a computer for running the DAQ software. The primary purpose of a DAQ system is to obtain from the real world and digitizing it to analyze monitor, display, and store it on the computer. It helps to enhance the overall performance of an organization by improving the efficiency of processes or machinery, reducing data redundancy and updating errors, analyzing and resolving issues faster. DAQ system finds usage in various applications such as automotive and transportation, aerospace and defense, environment monitoring, energy and power, food & beverage, healthcare, and wireless communication, among others.

MARKET DYNAMICS

The key factors contributing to the growth of data acquisition systems are the growing adoption of industrial automation and the ever-increasing importance of data monitoring, as it helps with early fault detection and improved operational efficiency. The increasing need for precision and accuracy in measurement applications related to end-use industries and the rising demand for equipment that helps make strategic decisions in enterprises positively influence the DAQ system market.

The research report covers Porter's Five Forces Model, Market Attractiveness Analysis, and Value Chain analysis. These tools help to get a clear picture of the industry's structure and evaluate the competition attractiveness at a global level. Additionally, these tools also give an inclusive assessment of each segment in the global market of Data Acquisition System. The growth and trends of Data Acquisition System industry provide a holistic approach to this study.

MARKET SEGMENTATION

This section of the Data Acquisition System market report provides detailed data on the segments at country and regional level, thereby assisting the strategist in identifying the target demographics for the respective product or services with the upcoming opportunities.

By Type

  • HMI
  • Industrial Robots
  • Control Valves
  • Sensors
  • Others

By System

  • DCS
  • PLC
  • SCADA
  • Others

By Vertical

  • Aerospace & Defence
  • Automotive
  • Chemical
  • Energy & Utilities
  • Food & Beverage
  • Healthcare
  • Manufacturing
  • Mining & Metal
  • Oil & Gas
  • Transportation
  • Others

REGIONAL ANALYSIS

This section covers the regional outlook, which accentuates current and future demand for the Data Acquisition System market across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. Further, the report focuses on demand, estimation, and forecast for individual application segments across all the prominent regions.

The research report also covers the comprehensive profiles of the key players in the market and an in-depth view of the competitive landscape worldwide. The major players in the Data Acquisition System market include Emerson Electric Co., ABB Ltd., General Electric, Teledyne Technologies Inc., National Instruments Corp., Honeywell International Inc., Yokogawa Electric Corporation, Campbell Scientific Inc., Imc Test & Measurement GmbH, Schneider Electric, AMETEK Inc., Rockwell Automation Corporation, Dewetron GmbH, Siemens AG. This section consists of a holistic view of the competitive landscape that includes various strategic developments such as key mergers & acquisitions, future capacities, partnerships, financial overviews, collaborations, new product developments, new product launches, and other developments.

In case you have any custom requirements, do write to us. Our research team can offer a customized report as per your need.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. PREFACE

  • 1.1. Report Description
    • 1.1.1 Objective
    • 1.1.2 Target Audience
    • 1.1.3 Unique Selling Proposition (USP) & offerings
  • 1.2. Research Scope
  • 1.3. Research Methodology
    • 1.3.1 Market Research Process
    • 1.3.2 Market Research Methodology

2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

  • 2.1. Highlights of Market
  • 2.2. Global Market Snapshot

3. DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM - INDUSTRY ANALYSIS

  • 3.1. Introduction - Market Dynamics
  • 3.2. Market Drivers
  • 3.3. Market Restraints
  • 3.4. Opportunities
  • 3.5. Industry Trends
  • 3.6. Porter's Five Force Analysis
  • 3.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis
    • 3.7.1 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Type
    • 3.7.2 Market Attractiveness Analysis By System
    • 3.7.3 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Vertical
    • 3.7.4 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Region

4. VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS

  • 4.1. Value Chain Analysis
  • 4.2. Raw Material Analysis
    • 4.2.1 List of Raw Materials
    • 4.2.2 Raw Material Manufactures List
    • 4.2.3 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  • 4.3. List of Potential Buyers
  • 4.4. Marketing Channel
    • 4.4.1 Direct Marketing
    • 4.4.2 Indirect Marketing
    • 4.4.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend

5. GLOBAL DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM MARKET ANALYSIS BY TYPE

  • 5.1. Overview By Type
  • 5.2. Historical and Forecast Data Analysis By Type
  • 5.3. HMI Historic and Forecast Sales By Regions
  • 5.4. Industrial Robots Historic and Forecast Sales By Regions
  • 5.5. Control Valves Historic and Forecast Sales By Regions
  • 5.6. Sensors Historic and Forecast Sales By Regions
  • 5.7. Others Historic and Forecast Sales By Regions

6. GLOBAL DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM MARKET ANALYSIS BY SYSTEM

  • 6.1. Overview By System
  • 6.2. Historical and Forecast Data Analysis By System
  • 6.3. DCS Historic and Forecast Sales By Regions
  • 6.4. PLC Historic and Forecast Sales By Regions
  • 6.5. SCADA Historic and Forecast Sales By Regions
  • 6.6. Others Historic and Forecast Sales By Regions

7. GLOBAL DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM MARKET ANALYSIS BY VERTICAL

  • 7.1. Overview By Vertical
  • 7.2. Historical and Forecast Data Analysis By Vertical
  • 7.3. Aerospace & Defence Historic and Forecast Sales By Regions
  • 7.4. Automotive Historic and Forecast Sales By Regions
  • 7.5. Chemical Historic and Forecast Sales By Regions
  • 7.6. Energy & Utilities Historic and Forecast Sales By Regions
  • 7.7. Food & Beverage Historic and Forecast Sales By Regions
  • 7.8. Healthcare Historic and Forecast Sales By Regions
  • 7.9. Manufacturing Historic and Forecast Sales By Regions
  • 7.10. Mining & Metal Historic and Forecast Sales By Regions
  • 7.11. Oil & Gas Historic and Forecast Sales By Regions
  • 7.12. Transportation Historic and Forecast Sales By Regions
  • 7.13. Others Historic and Forecast Sales By Regions

8. GLOBAL DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM MARKET ANALYSIS BY GEOGRAPHY

  • 8.1. Regional Outlook
  • 8.2. Introduction
  • 8.3. North America Sales Analysis
    • 8.3.1 Overview, Historic and Forecast Data Sales Analysis
    • 8.3.2 North America By Segment Sales Analysis
    • 8.3.3 North America By Country Sales Analysis
    • 8.3.4 United States Sales Analysis
    • 8.3.5 Canada Sales Analysis
    • 8.3.6 Mexico Sales Analysis
  • 8.4. Europe Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.1 Overview, Historic and Forecast Data Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.2 Europe By Segment Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.3 Europe By Country Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.4 United Kingdom Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.5 France Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.6 Germany Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.7 Italy Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.8 Russia Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.9 Rest Of Europe Sales Analysis
  • 8.5. Asia Pacific Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.1 Overview, Historic and Forecast Data Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.2 Asia Pacific By Segment Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.3 Asia Pacific By Country Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.4 China Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.5 India Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.6 Japan Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.7 South Korea Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.8 Australia Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.9 South East Asia Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.10 Rest Of Asia Pacific Sales Analysis
  • 8.6. Latin America Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.1 Overview, Historic and Forecast Data Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.2 Latin America By Segment Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.3 Latin America By Country Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.4 Brazil Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.5 Argentina Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.6 Peru Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.7 Chile Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.8 Rest of Latin America Sales Analysis
  • 8.7. Middle East & Africa Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.1 Overview, Historic and Forecast Data Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.2 Middle East & Africa By Segment Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.3 Middle East & Africa By Country Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.4 Saudi Arabia Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.5 UAE Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.6 Israel Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.7 South Africa Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.8 Rest Of Middle East And Africa Sales Analysis

9. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE OF THE DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM COMPANIES

  • 9.1. Data Acquisition System Market Competition
  • 9.2. Partnership/Collaboration/Agreement
  • 9.3. Merger And Acquisitions
  • 9.4. New Product Launch
  • 9.5. Other Developments

10. COMPANY PROFILES OF DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM INDUSTRY

  • 10.1. Top Companies Market Share Analysis
  • 10.2. Market Concentration Rate
  • 10.3. Emerson Electric Co.
    • 10.3.1 Company Overview
    • 10.3.2 Company Revenue
    • 10.3.3 Products
    • 10.3.4 Recent Developments
  • 10.4. ABB Ltd.
    • 10.4.1 Company Overview
    • 10.4.2 Company Revenue
    • 10.4.3 Products
    • 10.4.4 Recent Developments
  • 10.5. General Electric
    • 10.5.1 Company Overview
    • 10.5.2 Company Revenue
    • 10.5.3 Products
    • 10.5.4 Recent Developments
  • 10.6. Teledyne Technologies Inc.
    • 10.6.1 Company Overview
    • 10.6.2 Company Revenue
    • 10.6.3 Products
    • 10.6.4 Recent Developments
  • 10.7. National Instruments Corp.
    • 10.7.1 Company Overview
    • 10.7.2 Company Revenue
    • 10.7.3 Products
    • 10.7.4 Recent Developments
  • 10.8. Honeywell International Inc.
    • 10.8.1 Company Overview
    • 10.8.2 Company Revenue
    • 10.8.3 Products
    • 10.8.4 Recent Developments
  • 10.9. Yokogawa Electric Corporation
    • 10.9.1 Company Overview
    • 10.9.2 Company Revenue
    • 10.9.3 Products
    • 10.9.4 Recent Developments
  • 10.10. Campbell Scientific Inc.
    • 10.10.1 Company Overview
    • 10.10.2 Company Revenue
    • 10.10.3 Products
    • 10.10.4 Recent Developments
  • 10.11. Imc Test & Measurement GmbH
    • 10.11.1 Company Overview
    • 10.11.2 Company Revenue
    • 10.11.3 Products
    • 10.11.4 Recent Developments
  • 10.12. Schneider Electric
    • 10.12.1 Company Overview
    • 10.12.2 Company Revenue
    • 10.12.3 Products
    • 10.12.4 Recent Developments
  • 10.13. AMETEK Inc.
    • 10.13.1 Company Overview
    • 10.13.2 Company Revenue
    • 10.13.3 Products
    • 10.13.4 Recent Developments
  • 10.14. Rockwell Automation Corporation
    • 10.14.1 Company Overview
    • 10.14.2 Company Revenue
    • 10.14.3 Products
    • 10.14.4 Recent Developments
  • 10.15. Dewetron GmbH
    • 10.15.1 Company Overview
    • 10.15.2 Company Revenue
    • 10.15.3 Products
    • 10.15.4 Recent Developments
  • 10.16. Siemens AG
    • 10.16.1 Company Overview
    • 10.16.2 Company Revenue
    • 10.16.3 Products
    • 10.16.4 Recent Developments

Note - In company profiling, financial details and recent developments are subject to availability or might not be covered in the case of private companies