|   | 市場調査レポート 商品コード 1692247 角膜インプラント市場- 世界の産業規模、シェア、動向、機会、予測、用途別、手術別タイプ別、地域別、競合別セグメント、2020-2030年Corneal Implants Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity, and Forecast, Segmented By Application, By Type by Surgery, By Region, and Competition, 2020-2030F | ||||||
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 カスタマイズ可能 | |||||||
| 角膜インプラント市場- 世界の産業規模、シェア、動向、機会、予測、用途別、手術別タイプ別、地域別、競合別セグメント、2020-2030年 | 
| 出版日: 2025年03月24日 発行: TechSci Research ページ情報: 英文 182 Pages 納期: 2~3営業日 | 
- 全表示
- 概要
- 目次
角膜インプラントの世界市場は、2024年に5億1,268万米ドルと評価され、予測期間中のCAGRは6.36%で、2030年には7億4,215万米ドルに達すると予測されています。
角膜インプラントは、角膜移植または角膜移植としても知られ、損傷または病気の角膜をドナーからの健康な角膜と置き換える外科的処置です。角膜は、虹彩と瞳孔を覆うドーム状の透明な眼球の表面であり、光を網膜に集束させる重要な役割を担っています。角膜インプラントは、角膜の透明度と機能に影響を与える様々な角膜の病気や状態を治療し、視力を回復するために行われます。角膜インプラントは通常、角膜が損傷していたり、形が不規則であったり、病気があったりして、視力障害や不快感がある場合に推奨されます。ほとんどの角膜インプラントでは、ドナー角膜は、ご逝去時に角膜を惜しみなく提供された方からのものです。これらのドナー角膜は、移植のための安全性と適合性を確保するために、入念に選別され、処理され、アイバンクに保管されます。手術では、損傷または病気の角膜を取り除き、ドナー角膜と置き換えます。移植片の固定には縫合糸が使われることが多いです。一部の低侵襲手術では、より小さな切開を行い、新しい角膜組織を折り畳んで、この小さな開口部から眼球に挿入します。手術後、患者は一般的に治癒と回復の期間を経験します。眼球にはパッチが当てられ、感染を防ぎ炎症を抑えるための薬が処方されます。視力の回復には数週間から数ヶ月かかることがあり、その間患者は注意深く観察されます。世界の高齢化により、加齢に関連した疾患を含む角膜疾患にかかりやすくなっています。この人口動態が角膜インプラントの需要を牽引しています。人工角膜、合成素材、低侵襲手術技術の開発など、角膜移植技術の継続的な進歩により、角膜移植手術の有効性と安全性が向上しています。視力矯正や角膜疾患の効果的な治療オプションとして、角膜インプラントが利用可能であることに関する患者やヘルスケア専門家の認知度の向上。角膜インプラントを個々の患者の特定のニーズに合わせて調整する能力は、増加傾向にあります。カスタマイズされた個別治療が人気を集めています。
| 市場概要 | |
|---|---|
| 予測期間 | 2026-2030 | 
| 市場規模:2024年 | 5億1,268万米ドル | 
| 市場規模:2030年 | 7億4,215万米ドル | 
| CAGR:2025年~2030年 | 6.36% | 
| 急成長セグメント | ヒト角膜 | 
| 最大市場 | 北米 | 
市場促進要因
技術の進歩
主な市場課題
拒絶反応と合併症
主な市場動向
低侵襲手術
目次
第1章 概要
第2章 調査手法
第3章 エグゼクティブサマリー
第4章 顧客の声
第5章 世界の角膜インプラント市場展望
- 市場規模・予測
- 金額別
 
- 市場シェア・予測
- 用途別(円錐角膜、フックス角膜ジストロフィー、感染性角膜炎、角膜潰瘍、その他)
- タイプ別(ヒト角膜、合成角膜)
- 手術(全層角膜移植、内皮角膜移植)
- 地域別
- 企業別(2024)
 
- 市場マップ
第6章 アジア太平洋地域の角膜インプラント市場展望
- 市場規模・予測
- 市場シェア・予測
- アジア太平洋地域:国別分析
- 中国
- インド
- オーストラリア
- 日本
- 韓国
 
第7章 欧州の角膜インプラント市場展望
- 市場規模・予測
- 市場シェア・予測
- 欧州:国別分析
- フランス
- ドイツ
- スペイン
- イタリア
- 英国
 
第8章 北米の角膜インプラント市場展望
- 市場規模・予測
- 市場シェア・予測
- 北米:国別分析
- 米国
- メキシコ
- カナダ
 
第9章 南米の角膜インプラント市場展望
- 市場規模・予測
- 市場シェア・予測
- 南米:国別分析
- ブラジル
- アルゼンチン
- コロンビア
 
第10章 中東・アフリカの角膜インプラント市場展望
- 市場規模・予測
- 市場シェア・予測
- 中東・アフリカ:国別分析
- 南アフリカ
- サウジアラビア
- アラブ首長国連邦
 
第11章 市場力学
- 促進要因
- 課題
第12章 市場動向と発展
- 最近の動向
- 製品上市
- 合併と買収
第13章 世界の角膜インプラント市場:SWOT分析
第14章 ポーターのファイブフォース分析
- 業界内の競合
- 新規参入の可能性
- サプライヤーの力
- 顧客の力
- 代替品の脅威
第15章 PESTEL分析
第16章 競合情勢
- Florida Lions Eye Bank
- Alcon Inc.
- Auro Laboratories Ltd.
- CorneaGen Inc.
- AJL Ophthalmic S.A.
- DIOPTEX
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Associates Inc.
- San Diego Eye Bank
- KeraMed, Inc.
- Presbia PLC
第17章 戦略的提言
第18章 調査会社について・免責事項
Global Corneal Implants Market was valued at USD 512.68 million in 2024 and and is expected to reach USD 742.15 million by 2030 with a CAGR of 6.36% during the forecast period. Corneal implants, also known as corneal transplantation or corneal grafting, are surgical procedures that involve replacing a damaged or diseased cornea with a healthy cornea from a donor. The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped front surface of the eye that covers the iris and the pupil, and it plays a critical role in focusing light onto the retina, which is essential for clear vision. Corneal implants are performed to restore vision and treat various corneal diseases or conditions that impact the clarity and function of the cornea. Corneal implants are typically recommended when the cornea is damaged, irregularly shaped, or diseased, resulting in vision impairment or discomfort. For most corneal implants, the donor cornea comes from individuals who have generously donated their corneas upon their passing. These donor corneas are meticulously screened, processed, and stored in eye banks to ensure safety and suitability for transplantation. The surgical process involves removing the damaged or diseased cornea and replacing it with the donor cornea. Sutures are often used to secure the graft in place. In some minimally invasive procedures, a smaller incision may be made, and the new corneal tissue is folded and inserted into the eye through this smaller opening. After the surgery, patients typically experience a period of healing and recovery. The eye may be patched, and medications are prescribed to prevent infection and reduce inflammation. Vision recovery can take several weeks to months, and patients are closely monitored during this time. The aging global population is more susceptible to corneal diseases, including age-related conditions. This demographic trend drives the demand for corneal implants. Ongoing advancements in corneal implant technologies, such as the development of artificial corneas, synthetic materials, and minimally invasive surgical techniques, have improved the effectiveness and safety of corneal transplantation procedures. Enhanced patient and healthcare professional awareness regarding the availability of corneal implants as an effective treatment option for vision correction and corneal diseases. The ability to tailor corneal implants to the specific needs of individual patients is a growing trend. Customized and personalized treatments are gaining popularity.
| Market Overview | |
|---|---|
| Forecast Period | 2026-2030 | 
| Market Size 2024 | USD 512.68 Million | 
| Market Size 2030 | USD 742.15 Million | 
| CAGR 2025-2030 | 6.36% | 
| Fastest Growing Segment | Human Cornea | 
| Largest Market | North America | 
Key Market Drivers
Technological Advancements
Researchers have been developing artificial corneas made of biocompatible materials, such as synthetic polymers. These artificial corneas offer an alternative to traditional donor corneal transplants, addressing the issue of donor scarcity and rejection. The use of 3D printing technology has enabled the creation of customized corneal implants. Surgeons can design and fabricate corneal implants that precisely match the patient's eye, leading to improved visual outcomes and reduced risk of complications. Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) and Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) are minimally invasive procedures that replace only the damaged inner layer of the cornea. These techniques offer faster recovery times and reduced complications compared to traditional full-thickness corneal transplants. Femtosecond lasers are used to create precise incisions during corneal transplant surgeries. This technology allows for greater accuracy and safety in the surgical process. Corneal inlays, often used in procedures like Keraring, are small, implantable devices that can correct vision problems such as keratoconus or irregular astigmatism. These inlays are designed to improve the cornea's shape and, consequently, vision. The development of advanced biomimetic hydrogels for use as background materials in corneal implants has improved their compatibility with the eye and reduced the risk of post-operative complications.
Key Market Challenges
Rejection and Complications
The human body's immune system is designed to protect against foreign invaders, including transplanted tissue. In the case of corneal transplantation, the recipient's immune system can recognize the donor cornea as foreign and may initiate an immune response to reject it. This immune response can lead to graft rejection, which may result in vision loss. Graft failure can occur when the transplanted cornea does not integrate properly with the recipient's eye or when complications arise, leading to poor visual outcomes. Graft failure can be caused by various factors, including infection, poor wound healing, or issues related to donor tissue. Post-surgical infections can pose a significant risk to corneal implant recipients.
Infections can compromise the success of the transplant and may lead to severe complications, including graft failure. Irregular healing and wound-related issues after corneal implant surgery can induce astigmatism, which can distort vision. This is a common complication that patients may face. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) resulting from corneal implant surgery or associated treatments can lead to glaucoma, a condition that can cause optic nerve damage and vision loss if not managed appropriately. In procedures like DMEK or DSAEK, there may be a risk of endothelial cell loss, which can lead to graft failure or persistent corneal edema. The use of corticosteroid medications to prevent graft rejection can lead to side effects, including cataracts and increased intraocular pressure. In conditions like keratoconus, where the cornea progressively thins and bulges, corneal hydrops may occur post-implantation, causing sudden corneal swelling and scarring.
Key Market Trends
Minimally Invasive Procedures
Minimally invasive techniques often result in quicker post-operative recovery. Patients experience less discomfort and a shorter healing period, allowing them to return to their normal activities sooner. Minimally invasive procedures can lead to fewer complications compared to traditional, full-thickness corneal transplant procedures. This is particularly important in reducing the risk of graft rejection and infection. Minimally invasive techniques involve smaller incisions, which can lead to less trauma to the eye. Smaller incisions can also lead to better wound healing and less astigmatism. These procedures often result in improved visual outcomes, as they target the specific layers of the cornea that are affected by certain conditions, such as endothelial diseases like Fuchs' dystrophy. Minimally invasive procedures can be highly customized to the patient's individual needs. Surgeons can precisely target the affected area of the cornea, leading to better outcomes. Minimally invasive techniques tend to reduce astigmatism, which can significantly improve the patient's visual quality. Some minimally invasive procedures, such as Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) and Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK), focus on replacing only the inner layers of the cornea, which can be especially beneficial for certain conditions like Fuchs' dystrophy. Patients often experience a faster return to good vision with minimally invasive procedures, which is especially important for their quality of life and daily activities.
Key Market Players
- Florida Lions Eye Bank
- Alcon Inc.
- Auro Laboratories Ltd.
- CorneaGen Inc.
- AJL Ophthalmic S.A.
- DIOPTEX
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Associates Inc.
- San Diego Eye Bank
- KeraMed, Inc.
- Presbia PLC
Report Scope:
In this report, the Global Corneal Implants Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:
Corneal Implants Market, By Type:
- Human Cornea
- Synthetic
Corneal Implants Market, By Application:
- Keratoconus
- Fuchs Dystrophy
- Infectious Keratitis
- Corneal Ulcers
- others
Corneal Implants Market, By Surgery:
- Penetrating Keratoplasty
- Endothelial Keratoplasty
Corneal Implants Market, By region:
- North America
- United States
- Canada
- Mexico
 
- Asia-Pacific
- China
- India
- South Korea
- Australia
- Japan
 
- Europe
- Germany
- France
- United Kingdom
- Spain
- Italy
 
- South America
- Brazil
- Argentina
- Colombia
 
- Middle East & Africa
- South Africa
- Saudi Arabia
- UAE
 
Competitive Landscape
Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies presents in the Global Corneal Implants Market.
Available Customizations:
Global Corneal Implants Market report with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:
Company Information
- Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).
Table of Contents
1. Product Overview
- 1.1. Market Definition
- 1.2.  Scope of the Market
- 1.2.1. Markets Covered
- 1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
- 1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations
 
2. Research Methodology
- 2.1. Objective of the Study
- 2.2. Baseline Methodology
- 2.3. Key Industry Partners
- 2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources
- 2.5. Forecasting Methodology
- 2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
- 2.7. Assumptions and Limitations
3. Executive Summary
- 3.1. Overview of the Market
- 3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
- 3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
- 3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
- 3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends
4. Voice of Customer
5. Global Corneal Implants Market Outlook
- 5.1.  Market Size & Forecast
- 5.1.1. By Value
 
- 5.2.  Market Share & Forecast
- 5.2.1. By Application (Keratoconus, Fuchs Dystrophy, Infectious Keratitis, Corneal Ulcers, others)
- 5.2.2. By Type (Human Cornea, Synthetic)
- 5.2.3. By Surgery (Penetrating Keratoplasty, Endothelial Keratoplasty)
- 5.2.4. By Region
- 5.2.5. By Company (2024)
 
- 5.3. Market Map
6. Asia Pacific Corneal Implants Market Outlook
- 6.1.  Market Size & Forecast
- 6.1.1. By Value
 
- 6.2.  Market Share & Forecast
- 6.2.1. By Application
- 6.2.2. By Type
- 6.2.3. By Surgery
- 6.2.4. By Country
 
- 6.3.  Asia Pacific: Country Analysis
- 6.3.1.         China Corneal Implants Market Outlook
- 6.3.1.1.         Market Size & Forecast
- 6.3.1.1.1. By Value
 
- 6.3.1.2.         Market Share & Forecast
- 6.3.1.2.1. By Application
- 6.3.1.2.2. By Type
- 6.3.1.2.3. By Surgery
 
 
- 6.3.1.1.         Market Size & Forecast
- 6.3.2.         India Corneal Implants Market Outlook
- 6.3.2.1.         Market Size & Forecast
- 6.3.2.1.1. By Value
 
- 6.3.2.2.         Market Share & Forecast
- 6.3.2.2.1. By Application
- 6.3.2.2.2. By Type
- 6.3.2.2.3. By Surgery
 
 
- 6.3.2.1.         Market Size & Forecast
- 6.3.3.         Australia Corneal Implants Market Outlook
- 6.3.3.1.         Market Size & Forecast
- 6.3.3.1.1. By Value
 
- 6.3.3.2.         Market Share & Forecast
- 6.3.3.2.1. By Application
- 6.3.3.2.2. By Type
- 6.3.3.2.3. By Surgery
 
 
- 6.3.3.1.         Market Size & Forecast
- 6.3.4.         Japan Corneal Implants Market Outlook
- 6.3.4.1.         Market Size & Forecast
- 6.3.4.1.1. By Value
 
- 6.3.4.2.         Market Share & Forecast
- 6.3.4.2.1. By Application
- 6.3.4.2.2. By Type
- 6.3.4.2.3. By Surgery
 
 
- 6.3.4.1.         Market Size & Forecast
- 6.3.5.         South Korea Corneal Implants Market Outlook
- 6.3.5.1.         Market Size & Forecast
- 6.3.5.1.1. By Value
 
- 6.3.5.2.         Market Share & Forecast
- 6.3.5.2.1. By Application
- 6.3.5.2.2. By Type
- 6.3.5.2.3. By Surgery
 
 
- 6.3.5.1.         Market Size & Forecast
 
- 6.3.1.         China Corneal Implants Market Outlook
7. Europe Corneal Implants Market Outlook
- 7.1.  Market Size & Forecast
- 7.1.1. By Value
 
- 7.2.  Market Share & Forecast
- 7.2.1. By Application
- 7.2.2. By Type
- 7.2.3. By Surgery
- 7.2.4. By Country
 
- 7.3.  Europe: Country Analysis
- 7.3.1.         France Corneal implants Market Outlook
- 7.3.1.1.         Market Size & Forecast
- 7.3.1.1.1. By Value
 
- 7.3.1.2.         Market Share & Forecast
- 7.3.1.2.1. By Application
- 7.3.1.2.2. By Type
- 7.3.1.2.3. By Surgery
 
 
- 7.3.1.1.         Market Size & Forecast
- 7.3.2.         Germany Corneal Implants Market Outlook
- 7.3.2.1.         Market Size & Forecast
- 7.3.2.1.1. By Value
 
- 7.3.2.2.         Market Share & Forecast
- 7.3.2.2.1. By Application
- 7.3.2.2.2. By Type
- 7.3.2.2.3. By Surgery
 
 
- 7.3.2.1.         Market Size & Forecast
- 7.3.3.         Spain Corneal Implants Market Outlook
- 7.3.3.1.         Market Size & Forecast
- 7.3.3.1.1. By Value
 
- 7.3.3.2.         Market Share & Forecast
- 7.3.3.2.1. By Application
- 7.3.3.2.2. By Type
- 7.3.3.2.3. By Surgery
 
 
- 7.3.3.1.         Market Size & Forecast
- 7.3.4.         Italy Corneal Implants Market Outlook
- 7.3.4.1.         Market Size & Forecast
- 7.3.4.1.1. By Value
 
- 7.3.4.2.         Market Share & Forecast
- 7.3.4.2.1. By Application
- 7.3.4.2.2. By Type
- 7.3.4.2.3. By Surgery
 
 
- 7.3.4.1.         Market Size & Forecast
- 7.3.5.         United Kingdom Corneal Implants Market Outlook
- 7.3.5.1.         Market Size & Forecast
- 7.3.5.1.1. By Value
 
- 7.3.5.2.         Market Share & Forecast
- 7.3.5.2.1. By Application
- 7.3.5.2.2. By Type
- 7.3.5.2.3. By Surgery
 
 
- 7.3.5.1.         Market Size & Forecast
 
- 7.3.1.         France Corneal implants Market Outlook
8. North America Corneal Implants Market Outlook
- 8.1.  Market Size & Forecast
- 8.1.1. By Value
 
- 8.2.  Market Share & Forecast
- 8.2.1. By Application
- 8.2.2. By Type
- 8.2.3. By Surgery
- 8.2.4. By Country
 
- 8.3.  North America: Country Analysis
- 8.3.1.         United States Corneal Implants Market Outlook
- 8.3.1.1.         Market Size & Forecast
- 8.3.1.1.1. By Value
 
- 8.3.1.2.         Market Share & Forecast
- 8.3.1.2.1. By Application
- 8.3.1.2.2. By Type
- 8.3.1.2.3. By Surgery
 
 
- 8.3.1.1.         Market Size & Forecast
- 8.3.2.         Mexico Corneal Implants Market Outlook
- 8.3.2.1.         Market Size & Forecast
- 8.3.2.1.1. By Value
 
- 8.3.2.2.         Market Share & Forecast
- 8.3.2.2.1. By Application
- 8.3.2.2.2. By Type
- 8.3.2.2.3. By Surgery
 
 
- 8.3.2.1.         Market Size & Forecast
- 8.3.3.         Canada Corneal Implants Market Outlook
- 8.3.3.1.         Market Size & Forecast
- 8.3.3.1.1. By Value
 
- 8.3.3.2.         Market Share & Forecast
- 8.3.3.2.1. By Application
- 8.3.3.2.2. By Type
- 8.3.3.2.3. By Surgery
 
 
- 8.3.3.1.         Market Size & Forecast
 
- 8.3.1.         United States Corneal Implants Market Outlook
9. South America Corneal Implants Market Outlook
- 9.1.  Market Size & Forecast
- 9.1.1. By Value
 
- 9.2.  Market Share & Forecast
- 9.2.1. By Application
- 9.2.2. By Type
- 9.2.3. By Surgery
- 9.2.4. By Country
 
- 9.3.  South America: Country Analysis
- 9.3.1.         Brazil Corneal Implants Market Outlook
- 9.3.1.1.         Market Size & Forecast
- 9.3.1.1.1. By Value
 
- 9.3.1.2.         Market Share & Forecast
- 9.3.1.2.1. By Application
- 9.3.1.2.2. By Type
- 9.3.1.2.3. By Surgery
 
 
- 9.3.1.1.         Market Size & Forecast
- 9.3.2.         Argentina Corneal Implants Market Outlook
- 9.3.2.1.         Market Size & Forecast
- 9.3.2.1.1. By Value
 
- 9.3.2.2.         Market Share & Forecast
- 9.3.2.2.1. By Application
- 9.3.2.2.2. By Type
- 9.3.2.2.3. By Surgery
 
 
- 9.3.2.1.         Market Size & Forecast
- 9.3.3.         Colombia Corneal Implants Market Outlook
- 9.3.3.1.         Market Size & Forecast
- 9.3.3.1.1. By Value
 
- 9.3.3.2.         Market Share & Forecast
- 9.3.3.2.1. By Application
- 9.3.3.2.2. By Type
- 9.3.3.2.3. By Surgery
 
 
- 9.3.3.1.         Market Size & Forecast
 
- 9.3.1.         Brazil Corneal Implants Market Outlook
10. Middle East and Africa Corneal Implants Market Outlook
- 10.1.              Market Size & Forecast
- 10.1.1. By Value
 
- 10.2.              Market Share & Forecast
- 10.2.1. By Application
- 10.2.2. By Type
- 10.2.3. By Surgery
- 10.2.4. By Country
 
- 10.3.              MEA: Country Analysis
- 10.3.1.      South Africa Corneal Implants Market Outlook
- 10.3.1.1.      Market Size & Forecast
- 10.3.1.1.1. By Value
 
- 10.3.1.2.      Market Share & Forecast
- 10.3.1.2.1. By Application
- 10.3.1.2.2. By Type
- 10.3.1.2.3. By Surgery
 
 
- 10.3.1.1.      Market Size & Forecast
- 10.3.2.      Saudi Arabia Corneal Implants Market Outlook
- 10.3.2.1.      Market Size & Forecast
- 10.3.2.1.1. By Value
 
- 10.3.2.2.      Market Share & Forecast
- 10.3.2.2.1. By Application
- 10.3.2.2.2. By Type
- 10.3.2.2.3. By Surgery
 
 
- 10.3.2.1.      Market Size & Forecast
- 10.3.3.      UAE Corneal Implants Market Outlook
- 10.3.3.1.      Market Size & Forecast
- 10.3.3.1.1. By Value
 
- 10.3.3.2.      Market Share & Forecast
- 10.3.3.2.1. By Application
- 10.3.3.2.2. By Type
- 10.3.3.2.3. By Surgery
 
 
- 10.3.3.1.      Market Size & Forecast
 
- 10.3.1.      South Africa Corneal Implants Market Outlook
11. Market Dynamics
- 11.1. Drivers
- 11.2. Challenges
12. Market Trends & Developments
- 12.1. Recent Developments
- 12.2. Product Launches
- 12.3. Mergers & Acquisitions
13. Global Corneal implants Market: SWOT Analysis
14. Porter's Five Forces Analysis
- 14.1. Competition in the Industry
- 14.2. Potential of New Entrants
- 14.3. Power of Suppliers
- 14.4. Power of Customers
- 14.5. Threat of Substitute Product
15. PESTLE Analysis
16. Competitive Landscape
- 16.1.    Florida Lions Eye Bank
- 16.1.1. Business Overview
- 16.1.2. Company Snapshot
- 16.1.3. Products & Services
- 16.1.4. Financials (In case of listed companies)
- 16.1.5. Recent Developments
- 16.1.6. Key Personnel Details
- 16.1.7. SWOT Analysis
 
- 16.2. Alcon Inc.
- 16.3. Auro Laboratories Ltd.
- 16.4. CorneaGen Inc.
- 16.5. AJL Ophthalmic S.A.
- 16.6. DIOPTEX
- 16.7. Massachusetts Eye and Ear Associates Inc.
- 16.8. San Diego Eye Bank
- 16.9. KeraMed, Inc.
- 16.10. Presbia PLC













