抗真菌薬市場-世界の産業規模、シェア、動向、機会、予測、2018～2028年、薬剤クラス別、適応症別、感染タイプ別、投与経路別、エンドユーザー別、流通チャネル別、地域別、競合

世界の抗真菌薬市場は2022年に138億9,000万米ドルと評価され、2028年までのCAGRは4.59%で、予測期間中に目覚ましい成長を遂げると予測されています。

抗真菌薬は、真菌感染症を治療するために一般的に処方されます。これらの薬剤は、経口投与、局所投与、点滴による静脈内投与が可能です。イースト菌感染症、白癬、爪疾患、皮膚疾患などの真菌感染症は、土壌、空気、皮膚に存在する真菌によって引き起こされます。また、真菌の胞子を吸い込むと呼吸器系の問題につながることもあります。そのため、免疫力が低下している人は真菌感染症にかかりやすく、抗真菌薬の使用が必要となります。抗真菌薬の多くは医師の処方箋が必要だが、一部は市販されています。

主な市場促進要因

真菌感染症の有病率の上昇

真菌感染症の有病率の増加は、市場成長の主要な促進要因です。調査によると、真菌病原体は世界中で毎年約1,300万人の感染と150万人の死亡の原因となっています。また、抗真菌薬は経口投与されます。2023年3月30日、GSK plcとSCYNEXIS, Inc.は、外陰カンジダ症（VVC）の治療および再発性VVC（RVVC）の発生率低減を適応症として米国食品医薬品局（FDA）から承認されたファースト・イン・クラスの抗真菌薬であるBrexafemmeの独占的ライセンス契約を締結したと発表しました。今回の独占的ライセンシング契約により、GSKはBrexafemmeのVVCおよびRVVCに対する商品化権を獲得し、同時に、致死的な真菌感染症である侵襲性カンジダ症（IC）の治療薬として現在第III相臨床試験段階にあるイブレキサファンガープ（ibrexafungerp）の開発を継続することになります。

真菌感染症の流行は近年増加傾向にあり、医療業界では懸念が高まっています。この憂慮すべき動向の要因としては、世界の気温の上昇、慢性疾患の流行、免疫システムの低下などが挙げられます。疾病対策予防センター（CDC）によれば、2019年には約170万人の入院患者がこのような感染症に罹患するとされており、院内真菌感染（院内感染）は重大な懸念事項となっています。

これを受けて、世界の抗真菌薬市場は大きな成長を遂げており、市場各社はこれらの感染症に効果的に対処するためにアゾール系抗真菌薬などの先進的な治療法を開発しています。

入院の増加

入院患者数の増加は、医療環境における真菌感染症の発生率増加の重要な要因です。これは特に、がんや造血幹細胞移植のような慢性疾患を患っている人に多く、免疫力が低下しているため、頻繁な通院や長期入院が必要となります。このような患者は、集中的な医療介入や長期入院を必要とすることが多いため、医療環境で繁殖する日和見真菌病原体の影響を受けやすくなります。

このようなリスクは、医療のインフラが不十分な中低所得国ではさらに顕著であることに注意することが重要です。このような環境では、限られた資源と過密状態が院内感染の蔓延をさらに悪化させ、患者の健康に重大な脅威をもたらします。このような地域では適切な感染対策がとられておらず、効果的な抗真菌治療の選択肢もないため、医療提供者が直面する課題はさらに深刻化しています。

このような厳しい状況を踏まえ、抗真菌薬の世界市場は、このような複雑な医療の課題に対処し、闘うために邁進しており、その繁栄が期待されています。革新的な抗真菌療法を開発し、包括的な感染制御プロトコルを実施することは、真菌感染症の負担を軽減し、患者の予後を改善する上で世界的に最も重要なことです。

医療インフラへの投資の増加

抗真菌薬市場の成長率に影響を与えるもう一つの重要な要因は、医療費の増加であり、これはインフラの改善に役立つだけでなく、先進的な治療法の開発にも貢献しています。資金が増加することで、医療施設はその能力を向上させ、より効果的な抗真菌薬を発見するための研究開発に投資することができます。

さらに、無数の真菌感染症の有病率や重症度に関する認識を広めるため、公的機関や民間団体による取り組みが活発化しています。これらの啓発プログラムは、早期診断と適切な治療の重要性について、一般市民だけでなく医療専門家をも教育することを目的としています。このような真菌感染症に関する知識と理解を深めるための協調的な取り組みが、抗真菌薬の需要を促進し、市場を拡大すると予想されます。

さらに、可処分所得の高さや、一般用医薬品としての抗真菌薬の入手可能性の増加といった要因からも、市場の成長が見込まれています。OTC抗真菌薬が提供する入手のしやすさと利便性は、その普及に貢献し、市場拡大の原動力となる可能性が高いです。

さらに、高齢者人口は世界的に増加傾向にあり、真菌感染症を含む様々な病状の有病率の上昇につながっています。その結果、発展途上地域では高齢化社会の医療ニーズに対応するため、抗真菌薬に対する需要が高まっています。このような人口動態の変化と、様々な病状に対する抗真菌薬の消費量の増加が相まって、抗真菌薬市場の成長率はさらに高まると予想されます。医療支出の増加、啓蒙活動、OTC医薬品の利用可能性、高齢者人口の需要増加などが相まって、抗真菌薬市場の成長を後押ししています。

一般用医薬品としての抗真菌薬の増加

市販薬（OTC）としての抗真菌薬の利用が増加していることが、抗真菌薬の需要増につながっています。抗真菌薬は、水虫、イースト菌感染症、白癬菌を含む幅広い真菌感染症の治療に不可欠です。OTC抗真菌薬は、薬局やドラッグストア、さらにはオンラインマーケットプレースで簡単に入手できます。処方箋を必要とせずに購入できるため、一般的な真菌感染症からの回復を求める患者にとって、より身近なものとなっています。一般用医薬品が手に入ることで、一般的な真菌感染症を自己診断し、自己治療することができます。軽度の感染症のたびに医療専門家を訪ねる必要がなくなり、時間の節約になるだけでなく、医療システムの負担も軽減されます。OTC抗真菌薬が普及するにつれ、消費者はその入手可能性と有効性をますます認識するようになります。効果的な治療法が簡単に手に入ることを知れば、治療を受ける可能性が高まるからです。OTC抗真菌薬は消費者にプライバシーと利便性を提供します。多くの人々は、真菌感染症について医療プロバイダーに相談することなく、目立たないように対処したいと考えています。このようなプライバシーを重視する傾向が、抗真菌薬の単独購入を促しています。

OTC医薬品として入手可能な抗真菌薬の数が増えていることは、その需要を拡大しています。このシフトは、消費者が自分の健康を管理し、一般的な真菌感染症を独自に治療する力を与え、真菌に関連する様々な症状の管理における抗真菌薬の全体的な入手しやすさと有用性の向上に寄与しています。

主な市場課題

健康への悪影響

抗真菌薬にはいくつかの欠点があります。そのひとつは、後天性免疫不全症候群（AIDS）、ループス、がんなど、免疫力が低下している人が日和見感染と呼ばれる危険な真菌感染症にかかりやすいことです。このような脆弱性は、抗真菌薬市場の成長にとって課題となります。

さらに、薬の種類、投与量の強さ、治療対象となる特定の真菌はすべて、投薬の結果に影響を及ぼす可能性があります。一般的な副作用には、腹部の痛み、胃の不調、下痢、皮膚のかゆみ、ほてり、発疹などがあります。これらの症状は、市場の収益成長にも悪影響を及ぼす可能性があります。

これらの課題に加え、抗真菌薬は黄疸などの肝障害、アナフィラキシー、その他の重篤なアレルギー反応など、大きな副作用を引き起こす可能性があります。水疱や皮膚の剥離も、抗真菌薬を使用した結果起こりうる重篤なアレルギー性皮膚反応の症状です。これらの要因を考慮すると、抗真菌薬は真菌感染症の治療には必要であるが、考慮すべき重大な欠点があることがわかる。

抗真菌薬に対する耐性の増加

抗真菌薬に対する耐性菌の増加は、抗真菌薬の需要を減少させる可能性のある懸念すべき動向です。抗真菌薬耐性は、真菌が抗真菌薬の効果に耐えるメカニズムを発達させ、抗真菌薬が効きにくくなったり、効かなくなったりすることで起こる。抗真菌剤耐性は真菌感染症の治療を複雑にします。抗真菌薬が効きにくくなると、患者はより高用量の投与や治療期間の延長、より強力な薬剤を必要とすることがあります。その結果、医療コストが増加し、副作用の可能性も出てくるため、患者は治療を受けにくくなります。耐性菌が出現すると、有効な抗真菌薬の数が制限される可能性があります。このような治療選択肢の減少は、特に重症あるいは薬剤耐性の真菌感染症において問題となる可能性があり、抗真菌薬の需要を低下させる可能性があります。耐性真菌感染症に対抗するための代替抗真菌薬や併用療法の必要性は、医療支出の増加につながる可能性があります。患者や医療プロバイダーは高額な治療への投資をためらい、抗真菌薬の需要全体に影響を及ぼす可能性があります。抗真菌薬耐性は、治療の失敗、死亡率の上昇、耐性真菌の蔓延につながるため、公衆衛生上の懸念事項です。このような懸念から、医療システムや組織は抗真菌薬の使用制限を含むより厳格な管理策を実施する可能性があり、これが需要に影響を与える可能性があります。

主な市場動向

研究開発数の増加

抗真菌薬分野における研究開発（R&D）活動の増加は、抗真菌薬の需要を大幅に押し上げると予想されます。抗真菌薬は、水虫のような表面的な症状から生命を脅かす全身感染まで、幅広い真菌感染症の治療に不可欠です。研究開発投資の増加は、新しい抗真菌化合物や製剤の発見につながります。このような技術革新により、作用機序が改善されたより効果的な薬剤が開発される可能性が高く、利用可能な治療選択肢の幅が広がります。研究開発では、抗真菌剤耐性の解明とその対策に取り組んでいます。研究者は耐性の背後にあるメカニズムを特定し、それを克服するための戦略を開発することに取り組んでいます。これにより、抗真菌薬の効果が持続し、需要が高まることが期待されます。真菌生物学分野の調査では、薬剤開発に利用できる真菌細胞内の特定の分子標的が明らかにされつつあります。標的療法は薬剤の有効性を高め、副作用を軽減することができるため、抗真菌薬は医療プロバイダーや患者にとってより魅力的なものとなります。

診断検査と診断機器の技術的進歩

診断検査や診断機器の技術的進歩は、抗真菌薬の需要拡大に重要な役割を果たすと予想されます。技術の進歩により、真菌感染の早期かつ正確な特定が可能となります。迅速診断検査は真菌の存在を迅速に確認できるため、医療プロバイダーは速やかに治療を開始することができます。この早期介入は真菌感染症の進行を防ぐために重要であり、抗真菌薬の需要を増大させる。高度な診断法は様々な真菌種を区別することができ、治療アプローチを調整するのに役立ちます。抗真菌薬の中には特定の真菌に対してより効果的なものがあり、正確な菌種の同定は最も適切な薬剤の選択を確実にし、標的を絞った抗真菌薬の需要を促進する可能性があります。

最新の診断機器は、真菌分離株の様々な抗真菌薬に対する感受性を評価することができます。この情報は、臨床医が最も効果的な治療法を選択する際の指針となり、耐性菌発生の可能性を低減し、特定の抗真菌薬の需要を促進します。

セグメント別洞察

薬剤クラス別洞察

2022年には、ノキサフィル、ジフルカン、ヴイフェンド、クレセンバといった一般的な治療薬を含むアゾール薬クラス別セグメントが、抗真菌薬市場の主要セグメントとして浮上しました。この優位性は、アゾール系抗真菌薬が示す幅広い活性スペクトルに起因しています。これらの物質は真菌の酵素を阻害することにより、殺菌作用を促進します。アゾール系抗真菌薬は、眼真菌症、全身性カンジダ症、ブラストミセス症、カンジダ血症の治療に処方されます。アゾール系薬剤の2つのタイプであるトリアゾール系薬剤とイミダゾール系薬剤は、その幅広い活性と良好な安全性プロファイルにより、全身性真菌感染症の治療にも使用されています。トリアゾール系抗真菌薬は優れた吸収・分布特性を持ち、副作用が少なく、薬物相互作用のリスクも最小限に抑えられています。

抗真菌薬市場は、特にアゾール系抗真菌薬に対するカンジダ属やアスペルギルス属の薬剤耐性が高まっていることを主因として、成長が鈍化すると予想されています。一方、アリルアミンと呼ばれる合成殺菌化合物は、予測期間を通じて安定した年間平均成長率（CAGR）を示すと予測されます。これらの薬剤は、白癬、水虫、靴下痒み、爪感染症の治療に推奨されています。フルコナゾールに次いで、ラミシルは皮膚科医が全身抗真菌療法に最も頻繁に推奨する局所抗真菌薬です。その結果、皮膚科疾患の有病率の増加は、このセグメントの成長をさらに増大させると予想されます。

適応症別洞察

最も一般的な全身性真菌感染症であるカンジダ症は、予測期間中に最も高い年間平均成長率（CAGR）を示すと予測されます。カンジダ症はカンジダ属によって引き起こされ、その治療は時代とともに進化してきました。粘膜カンジダ症、カンジダ血症、侵襲性カンジダ症などの治療には、エキノカンディン系薬剤や広域スペクトルアゾール系薬剤の適切な使用が推奨されています。真菌感染症に罹患しやすい人の増加は、市場の重要な促進要因です。さらに、患者や医療従事者の意識の高まりが抗真菌薬の需要に寄与すると予想されます。

皮膚糸状菌症カテゴリーは、小児における皮膚感染症の有病率の上昇により、予測期間を通じて大きな市場シェアを占めると予想されます。不健康な生活習慣が、過去10年間におけるこの感染症の有病率の大幅な増加につながっています。免疫不全患者は、真菌による重篤な病変や非典型的な症状に罹患しやすいため、特に懸念されています。

その他の適応症としては、心内膜炎、鼻・脳粘膜症、侵襲性肺アスペルギルス症などがあります。医師が直面する主な課題の1つは、細菌感染症に比べて侵襲性真菌感染症に使用できる治療選択肢が限られていることです。過去30年間に開発された治療分子クラスはわずかです。免疫不全患者の全身性真菌感染症を管理するための効果的な治療薬の開発は、業界関係者にとって重要な関心分野です。官民パートナーシップによる革新的な治療法の探求は、業界に大きな成長の可能性をもたらすと期待されています。

地域別洞察

北米市場は2022年に最大の売上シェアを占めたが、これは主に米国とカナダにおける真菌感染症および疾患の有病率の増加が要因です。この地域の収益成長は、研究開発活動への投資増加、医薬品承認数の増加、整備された医療システムと治療施設の存在によってさらに支えられています。さらに、同地域の主要企業が戦略的イニシアチブをとっていることも、同市場の利点となっています。例えば、2021年4月28日、ファイザー社は、免疫力が低下した人の衰弱や生命を脅かす疾患の治療薬の開発に注力する非公開会社、アンプリプス・ファーマシューティカルズ社の買収を発表しました。アンプリクスの主要薬品であるフォスマノゲピクス（APX001）は、侵襲性真菌感染症の治療薬として開発中のユニークな実験資産です。

欧州では、研究開発プロジェクトの増加、医療支出の増加とインフラ整備、FDAの迅速な承認取得などが追い風となり、予測期間中に大幅な収益成長が見込まれます。特に、2021年12月15日には、SCYNEXIS社が開発した難治性・薬剤耐性感染症の治療・予防を目的とした新規抗真菌剤Ibrexafungerpが、侵襲性カンジダ症を適応症として欧州医薬品庁（EMA）から希少疾病用医薬品の指定を受けた。

目次

第1章 概要

第2章 調査手法

第3章 エグゼクティブサマリー

第4章 顧客の声

第5章 抗真菌薬の世界市場展望

• 市場規模・予測
  • 金額別
• 市場シェアと予測
  • 薬剤クラス別（アゾール系、エキノカンディン系、ポリエン系、アリルアミン系、その他）
  • 適応症別（カンジダ症、アスペルギルス症、ムコール菌症、皮膚糸状菌症、その他）
  • 感染タイプ別（表在性真菌感染症、全身性真菌感染症）
  • 投与経路別（局所、経口、非経口、その他）
  • エンドユーザー別（在宅医療、病院、クリニック、その他）
  • 流通チャネル別（小売薬局、病院薬局、オンライン薬局）
  • 地域別
  • 企業別（2022年）
• 市場マップ

第6章 北米の抗真菌薬市場展望

• 市場規模・予測
  • 金額別
• 市場シェアと予測
  • 薬剤クラス別
  • 適応症別
  • 感染タイプ別
  • 投与経路別
  • エンドユーザー別
  • 流通チャネル別
  • 国別
• 北米：国別分析
  • 米国
  • カナダ
  • メキシコ

第7章 欧州の抗真菌薬市場展望

• 市場規模・予測
  • 金額別
• 市場シェアと予測
  • 薬剤クラス別
  • 適応症別
  • 感染タイプ別
  • 投与経路別
  • エンドユーザー別
  • 流通チャネル別
  • 国別
• 欧州：国別分析
  • ドイツ
  • 英国
  • イタリア
  • フランス
  • スペイン

第8章 アジア太平洋の抗真菌薬市場展望

• 市場規模・予測
  • 金額別
• 市場シェアと予測
  • 薬剤クラス別
  • 適応症別
  • 感染タイプ別
  • 投与経路別
  • エンドユーザー別
  • 流通チャネル別
  • 国別
• アジア太平洋：国別分析
  • 中国
  • インド
  • 日本
  • 韓国
  • オーストラリア

第9章 南米の抗真菌薬市場展望

• 市場規模および予測
  • 金額別
• 市場シェアと予測
  • 薬剤クラス別
  • 適応症別
  • 感染タイプ別
  • 投与経路別
  • エンドユーザー別
  • 流通チャネル別
  • 国別
• 南米：国別分析
  • ブラジル
  • アルゼンチン
  • コロンビア

第10章 中東・アフリカの抗真菌薬市場展望

• 市場規模・予測
  • 金額別
• 市場シェアと予測
  • 薬剤クラス別
  • 適応症別
  • 感染タイプ別
  • 投与経路別
  • エンドユーザー別
  • 流通チャネル別
  • 国別
• 中東・アフリカ：国別分析
  • 南アフリカ
  • サウジアラビア
  • アラブ首長国連邦

第11章 市場力学

• 促進要因
• 課題

第12章 市場動向と発展

• 最近の展開
• 合併・買収
• 製品発表

第13章 抗真菌薬の世界市場のSWOT分析

第14章 ポーターのファイブフォース分析

• 業界内の競合
• 新規参入の可能性
• サプライヤーの力
• 顧客の力
• 代替品の脅威

第15章 競合情勢

• Abbott Laboratories Inc.
• Astellas Pharma Inc.
• Bayer AG
• GSK plc
• Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited
• Merck & Co. Inc.
• Novartis AG
• Pfizer Inc.
• Mycovia Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
• Apex Laboratories Pvt. Ltd.

第16章 戦略的提言

第17章 調査会社について・免責事項

Global Anti-Fungal Drugs Market has valued at USD 13.89 Billion in 2022 and is anticipated to project impressive growth in the forecast period with a CAGR of 4.59% through 2028. Antifungal medications are commonly prescribed to treat fungal infections. These medications can be administered orally, topically, or intravenously via an IV drip. Fungal infections such as yeast infections, ringworm, nail and skin diseases can be caused by fungi present in the soil, air, and skin. Inhaling fungal spores may also lead to respiratory issues. Therefore, individuals with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to fungal infections, necessitating the use of antifungal medication. Most of these medications require a doctor's prescription, although a few are available over the counter.

There are two main categories of antifungal drugs: local and systemic. Depending on the specific condition being treated, local antifungals are commonly applied topically or vaginally, while systemic antifungals are administered orally or intravenously. Examples of systemically administered medicines include itraconazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and isavuconazole. Antifungal medications can function in one of two ways: they can directly kill fungal cells or inhibit their growth and development. Moreover, antifungal medications work by targeting structures or functions that are essential in fungal cells but not in human cells, allowing them to combat fungal infections without harming human cells. The fungal cell membrane and cell wall are frequently targeted components, as they surround and protect the fungal cell. Compromising either of these structures can cause the fungal cell to burst open and die.

Key Market Drivers

Rising Prevalence of Fungal Infections

The increasing prevalence of fungal infections is a key driver for the revenue growth in the market. Research indicates that fungal pathogens are responsible for approximately 13 million infections and 1.5 million deaths worldwide each year. Antifungal medications are also administered orally. On March 30, 2023, GSK plc and SCYNEXIS, Inc. announced an exclusive license agreement for Brexafemme, a first-in-class antifungal approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) and the reduction of the incidence of recurrent VVC (RVVC). This exclusive licensing deal grants GSK the sole right to commercialize Brexafemme for VVC and RVVC while continuing the development of ibrexafungerp, which is currently in phase III clinical trials for the possible treatment of Invasive Candidiasis (IC), a potentially fatal fungal infection.

The prevalence of fungal infections has been on the rise in recent years, prompting concerns within the healthcare industry. Contributing factors to this alarming trend include increasing global temperatures, the prevalence of chronic illnesses, and compromised immune systems. Hospital-acquired fungal infections, or nosocomial infections, have become a significant concern, with approximately 1.7 million hospitalized patients contracting such infections in 2019, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

In response, the global antifungal drugs market is experiencing significant growth, with market players developing advanced treatment methods such as azoles to effectively combat these infections.

Increasing Hospitalizations

The increasing number of hospitalizations is a crucial factor contributing to the growing incidence of fungal infections acquired within healthcare settings. This is particularly prevalent among individuals with chronic illnesses such as cancer and those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, whose weakened immune systems necessitate frequent hospital visits and extended stays. As these patients often require intensive medical interventions and prolonged periods of hospitalization, they become more susceptible to opportunistic fungal pathogens that thrive in healthcare environments.

It is important to note that these risks are even more pronounced in low and middle-income economies with inadequate healthcare infrastructure. In these settings, limited resources and overcrowding can further exacerbate the spread of nosocomial infections, posing a significant threat to patients' well-being. The lack of proper infection control measures and the absence of effective antifungal treatment options in these regions further compound the challenges faced by healthcare providers.

In light of these challenging conditions, the global antifungal drugs market is expected to flourish as it strives to address and combat these complex healthcare challenges. The development of innovative antifungal therapies and the implementation of comprehensive infection control protocols are paramount to reducing the burden of fungal infections and improving patient outcomes worldwide.

Increasing Investment for Healthcare Infrastructure

Another significant factor influencing the growth rate of the antifungal drugs market is the rising healthcare expenditure, which not only helps in improving infrastructure but also contributes to the development of advanced treatment options. With increased funding, healthcare facilities can upgrade their capabilities and invest in research and development to discover more effective antifungal medications.

Furthermore, there are rising initiatives by both public and private organizations to spread awareness about the prevalence and severity of myriad fungal infections. These awareness programs aim to educate the general public as well as healthcare professionals about the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. This concerted effort to enhance knowledge and understanding of fungal infections is expected to drive the demand for antifungal drugs and expand the market.

Additionally, the market is expected to witness growth due to factors such as high disposable income and the increasing availability of antifungal drugs as over-the-counter (OTC) medications. The ease of access and convenience offered by OTC antifungal drugs is likely to contribute to their widespread use and drive market expansion.

Moreover, the geriatric population is on the rise globally, leading to an increased prevalence of various medical conditions, including fungal infections. As a result, there is a growing demand for antifungal drugs in developing regions to cater to the healthcare needs of the aging population. This demographic shift, coupled with the rising consumption of antifungal drugs for various medical conditions, is expected to further enhance the growth rate of the antifungal drugs market. The combination of rising healthcare expenditure, awareness initiatives, availability of OTC drugs, and the increasing demand from the geriatric population is fueling the growth of the antifungal drugs market.

Increasing Number of Antifungal Drugs as Over the counter (OTC)

The increasing availability of antifungal drugs as over the counter (OTC) medications is indeed contributing to the rising demand for these pharmaceuticals. Antifungal drugs are essential for treating a wide range of fungal infections, including athlete's foot, yeast infections, and ringworm. OTC antifungal drugs are readily available at pharmacies, drugstores, and even online marketplaces. Patients can purchase them without needing a prescription, making them more accessible to individuals seeking relief from common fungal infections. The OTC availability empowers individuals to self-diagnose and self-treat common fungal infections. They no longer need to visit a healthcare professional for every minor infection, which not only saves time but also reduces the burden on healthcare systems. As OTC antifungal medications become more prevalent, consumers become increasingly aware of their availability and efficacy. This awareness drives the demand, as individuals are more likely to seek treatment when they know effective remedies are easily accessible. OTC antifungal drugs offer privacy and convenience to consumers. Many people prefer to address fungal infections discreetly without discussing their condition with a healthcare provider. This preference for privacy encourages individuals to purchase these medications independently.

The increasing number of antifungal drugs available as OTC medications is expanding their demand. This shift empowers consumers to take charge of their health and treat common fungal infections independently, contributing to the overall accessibility and utility of antifungal drugs in managing a range of fungal-related conditions.

Key Market Challenges

Adverse Health Effects

There are several disadvantages associated with antifungal drugs. One key factor is that individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), lupus, cancer, and other conditions, are more susceptible to dangerous fungal infections known as opportunistic infections. This vulnerability poses a challenge to the revenue growth of the antifungal drug market.

Furthermore, the type of medicine, dosage strength, and the specific fungus being treated can all influence the outcome of the medication. Common side effects may include pain in the abdomen, unsettled stomach, diarrhea, and itchy, scorching, or rashy skin. These symptoms can also have a negative impact on the revenue growth of the market.

In addition to these challenges, antifungal medication can produce major side effects, including liver damage such as jaundice, anaphylaxis, and other severe allergic responses. Blisters and peeling skin are also symptoms of severe allergic skin reactions that can occur as a result of using antifungal drugs. Considering these factors, it becomes evident that while antifungal drugs are necessary for treating fungal infections, they do come with significant drawbacks that need to be taken into account.

Increasing Resistance to Antifungal Drugs

The increasing resistance to antifungal drugs is a concerning trend that has the potential to decrease the demand for these medications. Antifungal resistance occurs when fungi develop mechanisms to withstand the effects of antifungal drugs, rendering them less effective or ineffective. Antifungal resistance can complicate the treatment of fungal infections. When antifungal drugs become less effective, patients may require higher doses, prolonged treatment courses, or more potent medications. This can lead to increased healthcare costs and potential side effects, making individuals less inclined to seek treatment. As resistance emerges, it may limit the number of effective antifungal drugs available. This reduction in treatment options can be particularly problematic in cases of severe or drug-resistant fungal infections, potentially reducing the demand for antifungal drugs. The need for alternative antifungal drugs or combination therapies to combat resistant infections can lead to higher healthcare expenditures. Patients and healthcare providers may be hesitant to invest in expensive treatments, affecting the overall demand for these medications. Antifungal resistance is a public health concern as it can lead to treatment failures, increased mortality rates, and the spread of resistant fungal strains. Such concerns may prompt healthcare systems and organizations to implement stricter control measures, including the restriction of antifungal drug use, which can impact demand.

Key Market Trends

Increase In the Number of Research and Development Activities

The increase in the number of research and development (R&D) activities in the field of antifungal drugs is expected to significantly boost the demand for these medications. Antifungal drugs are critical for treating a wide range of fungal infections, from superficial conditions like athlete's foot to life-threatening systemic infections. Increasing R&D investments lead to the discovery of new antifungal compounds and formulations. These innovations are likely to result in the development of more effective drugs with improved mechanisms of action, enhancing the arsenal of treatment options available. R&D efforts are dedicated to understanding and combating antifungal resistance. Researchers are working to identify the mechanisms behind resistance and develop strategies to overcome it. This will ensure the continued effectiveness of antifungal drugs, driving their demand. Research in the field of fungal biology is uncovering specific molecular targets within fungal cells that can be exploited for drug development. Targeted therapies can enhance drug efficacy and reduce side effects, making antifungal drugs more appealing to healthcare providers and patients.

Technological Progress in Diagnostic Tests and Devices

Technological progress in diagnostic tests and devices is expected to play a crucial role in increasing the demand for antifungal drugs. Technological progress enables the earlier and more precise identification of fungal infections. Rapid diagnostic tests can quickly confirm the presence of fungi, allowing healthcare providers to initiate treatment promptly. This early intervention is critical for preventing the progression of fungal infections, increasing the demand for antifungal drugs. Advanced diagnostic methods can differentiate between various fungal species, helping tailor treatment approaches. Some antifungal drugs are more effective against specific fungi, and accurate species identification ensures the selection of the most appropriate medication, potentially driving the demand for targeted antifungal agents.

Modern diagnostic devices can assess the susceptibility of fungal isolates to different antifungal drugs. This information guides clinicians in choosing the most effective treatment, reducing the likelihood of resistance development and fostering demand for specific antifungal medications.

Segmental Insights

Drug Class Insights

In 2022, the Azoles medicine class segment, which includes popular therapeutics such as Noxafil, Diflucan, Vfend, and Cresemba, emerged as the leading market segment for antifungal drugs. This dominance can be attributed to the broad spectrum of activity exhibited by Azoles. By inhibiting fungal enzymes, these substances facilitate fungistatic actions. Azoles are prescribed for the treatment of ocular fungal infections, systemic candidiasis, blastomycosis, and candidemia. Triazoles and imidazoles, two types of azoles, are also utilized for managing systemic fungal infections due to their extensive range of activity and favorable safety profile. Triazoles possess superior absorption and distribution characteristics, fewer side effects, and minimal risk of drug interactions.

The market for antifungal medications is expected to witness slow growth, primarily due to the escalating drug resistance among Candida and Aspergillus species, particularly against azoles. Conversely, synthetic fungicidal compounds called allylamines are projected to exhibit a steady compound annual growth rate (CAGR) throughout the forecast period. These medications are recommended for the treatment of ringworm, athlete's foot, jock itch, and nail infections. Following fluconazole, Lamisil is the topical antifungal drug most frequently recommended by dermatologists for systemic antifungal therapy. Consequently, the increasing prevalence of dermatological conditions is anticipated to further augment the growth of this segment.

Indication Insights

The most prevalent systemic fungal infection, candidiasis, is projected to have the highest compound annual growth rate (CAGR) during the forecast period. It is caused by the Candida genus and its treatment has evolved over time. Appropriate use of echinocandins and broad-spectrum azoles is recommended for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis, candidemia, and invasive candidiasis, among other changes. The increasing number of individuals susceptible to fungal infections is a significant driver for the market. Furthermore, the growing awareness among patients and healthcare professionals is expected to contribute to the demand for antifungal medications.

The dermatophytosis category is expected to hold a significant market share throughout the forecast period due to the rising prevalence of skin infections in children. Unhealthy lifestyles have contributed to a significant increase in the prevalence of this infection over the past decade. Immunocompromised patients are particularly concerned due to their susceptibility to severe lesions and atypical symptoms caused by fungi.

Other indications include endocarditis, rhino-cerebral mucormycosis, and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. One of the main challenges faced by physicians is the limited treatment options available for invasive fungal infections compared to bacterial infections. Only a few therapeutic molecule classes have been developed in the past 30 years. Developing effective therapeutic drugs for managing systemic fungal infections in immunocompromised patients is a key area of interest for industry players. The exploration of innovative therapies through public-private partnerships is expected to offer significant growth potential for the industry.

Regional Insights

North American market accounted for the largest revenue share in 2022, primarily driven by the increasing prevalence of fungal infections and diseases in the United States and Canada. This region's revenue growth is further supported by rising investments in research and development activities, a higher number of drug approvals, and the presence of well-developed healthcare systems and treatment facilities. Additionally, the market benefits from the strategic initiatives undertaken by major players in the region. For instance, on April 28, 2021, Pfizer Inc. announced the acquisition of Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a privately held company focused on developing medicines for debilitating and life-threatening diseases in individuals with weakened immune systems. Amplyx's main chemical, Fosmanogepix (APX001), is a unique experimental asset in development for the treatment of invasive fungal infections.

In Europe, the market is expected to witness significant revenue growth during the forecast period, driven by increasing research and development projects, rising healthcare spending and infrastructure, and the fast-track FDA approvals. Notably, on December 15, 2021, Ibrexafungerp, a novel antifungal agent developed by SCYNEXIS to treat and prevent incurable and drug-resistant infections, received orphan medical product designation from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the indication of invasive candidiasis.

Key Market Players

• Abbott Laboratories Inc.

• Astellas Pharma Inc.

• Bayer AG

• GSK plc

• Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited

• Merck & Co. Inc.

• Novartis AG

• Pfizer Inc.

• Mycovia Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

• Apex Laboratories Pvt. Ltd.

Report Scope:

In this report, the Global Anti-Fungal Drugs Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

Anti-Fungal Drugs Market, By Drug Class:

• Azoles
• Echinocandins
• Polyenes
• Allylamines
• Others

Anti-Fungal Drugs Market, By Indication:

• Candidiasis
• Aspergillosis
• Mucormycosis
• Dermatophytosis
• Others

Anti-Fungal Drugs Market, By Infection Type:

• Superficial Fungal Infection
• Systemic Fungal Infection

Anti-Fungal Drugs Market, By Route of Administration:

• Topical
• Oral
• Parenteral
• Others

Anti-Fungal Drugs Market, By End User:

• Homecare Hospitals
• Clinics
• Others

Anti-Fungal Drugs Market, By Distribution Channel:

• Retail Pharmacy
• Hospital Pharmacy
• Online Pharmacy

Anti-Fungal Drugs Market, By End User:

• Topical
• Oral
• Parenteral
• Others

Anti-Fungal Drugs Market, By Region:

• North America
• United States
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• France
• United Kingdom
• Italy
• Germany
• Spain
• Asia-Pacific
• China
• India
• Japan
• Australia
• South Korea
• South America
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Colombia
• Middle East & Africa
• South Africa
• Saudi Arabia
• UAE
• Kuwait
• Turkey
• Egypt

Competitive Landscape

• Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Anti-Fungal Drugs Market.

Available Customizations:

• Global Anti-Fungal Drugs market report with the given market data, Tech Sci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

• Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

Table of Contents

1. Product Overview

• 1.1. Market Definition
• 1.2. Scope of the Market
  • 1.2.1. Markets Covered
  • 1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
  • 1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations

2. Research Methodology

• 2.1. Objective of the Study
• 2.2. Baseline Methodology
• 2.3. Key Industry Partners
• 2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources
• 2.5. Forecasting Methodology
• 2.6. Data Triangulation & Validations
• 2.7. Assumptions and Limitations

3. Executive Summary

• 3.1. Overview of the Market
• 3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
• 3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
• 3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
• 3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends

4. Voice of Customer

5. Global Anti-Fungal Drugs Market Outlook

• 5.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 5.1.1. By Value
• 5.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 5.2.1. By Drug Class (Azoles, Echinocandins, Polyenes, Allylamines, Others)
  • 5.2.2. By Indication (Candidiasis, Aspergillosis, Mucormycosis, Dermatophytosis, Others)
  • 5.2.3. By Infection Type (Superficial Fungal Infection, Systemic Fungal Infection)
  • 5.2.4. By Route of Administration (Topical, Oral, Parenteral, Others)
  • 5.2.5. By End User (Homecare, Hospitals, Clinics, Others)
  • 5.2.6. By Distribution Channel (Retail Pharmacy, Hospital Pharmacy, Online Pharmacy)
  • 5.2.7. By Region
  • 5.2.8. By Company (2022)
• 5.3. Market Map

6. North America Anti-Fungal Drugs Market Outlook

• 6.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 6.1.1. By Value
• 6.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 6.2.1. By Drug Class
  • 6.2.2. By Indication
  • 6.2.3. By Infection Type
  • 6.2.4. By Route Of Administration
  • 6.2.5. By End User
  • 6.2.6. By Distribution Channel
  • 6.2.7. By Country
• 6.3. North America: Country Analysis
  • 6.3.1. United States Anti-Fungal Drugs Market Outlook
    • 6.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.1.2.1. By Drug Class
      • 6.3.1.2.2. By Indication
      • 6.3.1.2.3. By Infection Type
      • 6.3.1.2.4. By Route Of Administration
      • 6.3.1.2.5. By End User
      • 6.3.1.2.6. By Distribution Channel
  • 6.3.2. Canada Anti-Fungal Drugs Market Outlook
    • 6.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.2.2.1. By Drug Class
      • 6.3.2.2.2. By Indication
      • 6.3.2.2.3. By Infection Type
      • 6.3.2.2.4. By Route Of Administration
      • 6.3.2.2.5. By End User
      • 6.3.2.2.6. By Distribution Channel
  • 6.3.3. Mexico Anti-Fungal Drugs Market Outlook
    • 6.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.3.2.1. By Drug Class
      • 6.3.3.2.2. By Indication
      • 6.3.3.2.3. By Infection Type
      • 6.3.3.2.4. By Route Of Administration
      • 6.3.3.2.5. By End User
      • 6.3.3.2.6. By Distribution Channel

7. Europe Anti-Fungal Drugs Market Outlook

• 7.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 7.1.1. By Value
• 7.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 7.2.1. By Drug Class
  • 7.2.2. By Indication
  • 7.2.3. By Infection Type
  • 7.2.4. By Route Of Administration
  • 7.2.5. By End User
  • 7.2.6. By Distribution Channel
  • 7.2.7. By Country
• 7.3. Europe: Country Analysis
  • 7.3.1. Germany Anti-Fungal Drugs Market Outlook
    • 7.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.1.2.1. By Drug Class
      • 7.3.1.2.2. By Indication
      • 7.3.1.2.3. By Infection Type
      • 7.3.1.2.4. By Route Of Administration
      • 7.3.1.2.5. By End User
      • 7.3.1.2.6. By Distribution Channel
  • 7.3.2. United Kingdom Anti-Fungal Drugs Market Outlook
    • 7.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.2.2.1. By Drug Class
      • 7.3.2.2.2. By Indication
      • 7.3.2.2.3. By Infection Type
      • 7.3.2.2.4. By Route Of Administration
      • 7.3.2.2.5. By End User
      • 7.3.2.2.6. By Distribution Channel
  • 7.3.3. Italy Anti-Fungal Drugs Market Outlook
    • 7.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecasty
      • 7.3.3.2.1. By Drug Class
      • 7.3.3.2.2. By Indication
      • 7.3.3.2.3. By Infection Type
      • 7.3.3.2.4. By Route Of Administration
      • 7.3.3.2.5. By End User
      • 7.3.3.2.6. By Distribution Channel
  • 7.3.4. France Anti-Fungal Drugs Market Outlook
    • 7.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.4.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.4.2.1. By Drug Class
      • 7.3.4.2.2. By Indication
      • 7.3.4.2.3. By Infection Type
      • 7.3.4.2.4. By Route Of Administration
      • 7.3.4.2.5. By End User
      • 7.3.4.2.6. By Distribution Channel
  • 7.3.5. Spain Anti-Fungal Drugs Market Outlook
    • 7.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.5.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.5.2.1. By Drug Class
      • 7.3.5.2.2. By Indication
      • 7.3.5.2.3. By Infection Type
      • 7.3.5.2.4. By Route Of Administration
      • 7.3.5.2.5. By End User
      • 7.3.5.2.6. By Distribution Channel

8. Asia-Pacific Anti-Fungal Drugs Market Outlook

• 8.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 8.1.1. By Value
• 8.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 8.2.1. By Drug Class
  • 8.2.2. By Indication
  • 8.2.3. By Infection Type
  • 8.2.4. By Route Of Administration
  • 8.2.5. By End User
  • 8.2.6. By Distribution Channel
  • 8.2.7. By Country
• 8.3. Asia-Pacific: Country Analysis
  • 8.3.1. China Anti-Fungal Drugs Market Outlook
    • 8.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.1.2.1. By Drug Class
      • 8.3.1.2.2. By Indication
      • 8.3.1.2.3. By Infection Type
      • 8.3.1.2.4. By Route Of Administration
      • 8.3.1.2.5. By End User
      • 8.3.1.2.6. By Distribution Channel
  • 8.3.2. India Anti-Fungal Drugs Market Outlook
    • 8.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.2.2.1. By Drug Class
      • 8.3.2.2.2. By Indication
      • 8.3.2.2.3. By Infection Type
      • 8.3.2.2.4. By Route Of Administration
      • 8.3.2.2.5. By End User
      • 8.3.2.2.6. By Distribution Channel
  • 8.3.3. Japan Anti-Fungal Drugs Market Outlook
    • 8.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.3.2.1. By Drug Class
      • 8.3.3.2.2. By Indication
      • 8.3.3.2.3. By Infection Type
      • 8.3.3.2.4. By Route Of Administration
      • 8.3.3.2.5. By End User
      • 8.3.3.2.6. By Distribution Channel
  • 8.3.4. South Korea Anti-Fungal Drugs Market Outlook
    • 8.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.4.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.4.2.1. By Drug Class
      • 8.3.4.2.2. By Indication
      • 8.3.4.2.3. By Infection Type
      • 8.3.4.2.4. By Route Of Administration
      • 8.3.4.2.5. By End User
      • 8.3.4.2.6. By Distribution Channel
  • 8.3.5. Australia Anti-Fungal Drugs Market Outlook
    • 8.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.5.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.5.2.1. By Drug Class
      • 8.3.5.2.2. By Indication
      • 8.3.5.2.3. By Infection Type
      • 8.3.5.2.4. By Route Of Administration
      • 8.3.5.2.5. By End User
      • 8.3.5.2.6. By Distribution Channel

9. South America Anti-Fungal Drugs Market Outlook

• 9.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 9.1.1. By Value
• 9.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 9.2.1. By Drug Class
  • 9.2.2. By Indication
  • 9.2.3. By Infection Type
  • 9.2.4. By Route Of Administration
  • 9.2.5. By End User
  • 9.2.6. By Distribution Channel
  • 9.2.7. By Country
• 9.3. South America: Country Analysis
  • 9.3.1. Brazil Anti-Fungal Drugs Market Outlook
    • 9.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 9.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 9.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 9.3.1.2.1. By Drug Class
      • 9.3.1.2.2. By Indication
      • 9.3.1.2.3. By Infection Type
      • 9.3.1.2.4. By Route Of Administration
      • 9.3.1.2.5. By End User
      • 9.3.1.2.6. By Distribution Channel
  • 9.3.2. Argentina Anti-Fungal Drugs Market Outlook
    • 9.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 9.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 9.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 9.3.2.2.1. By Drug Class
      • 9.3.2.2.2. By Indication
      • 9.3.2.2.3. By Infection Type
      • 9.3.2.2.4. By Route Of Administration
      • 9.3.2.2.5. By End User
      • 9.3.2.2.6. By Distribution Channel
  • 9.3.3. Colombia Anti-Fungal Drugs Market Outlook
    • 9.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 9.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 9.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 9.3.3.2.1. By Drug Class
      • 9.3.3.2.2. By Indication
      • 9.3.3.2.3. By Infection Type
      • 9.3.3.2.4. By Route Of Administration
      • 9.3.3.2.5. By End User
      • 9.3.3.2.6. By Distribution Channel

10. Middle East and Africa Anti-Fungal Drugs Market Outlook

• 10.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 10.1.1. By Value
• 10.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 10.2.1. By Drug Class
  • 10.2.2. By Indication
  • 10.2.3. By Infection Type
  • 10.2.4. By Route Of Administration
  • 10.2.5. By End User
  • 10.2.6. By Distribution Channel
  • 10.2.7. By Country
• 10.3. MEA: Country Analysis
  • 10.3.1. South Africa Anti-Fungal Drugs Market Outlook
    • 10.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.1.2.1. By Drug Class
      • 10.3.1.2.2. By Indication
      • 10.3.1.2.3. By Infection Type
      • 10.3.1.2.4. By Route Of Administration
      • 10.3.1.2.5. By End User
      • 10.3.1.2.6. By Distribution Channel
  • 10.3.2. Saudi Arabia Anti-Fungal Drugs Market Outlook
    • 10.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.2.2.1. By Drug Class
      • 10.3.2.2.2. By Indication
      • 10.3.2.2.3. By Infection Type
      • 10.3.2.2.4. By Route Of Administration
      • 10.3.2.2.5. By End User
      • 10.3.2.2.6. By Distribution Channel
  • 10.3.3. UAE Anti-Fungal Drugs Market Outlook
    • 10.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.3.2.1. By Drug Class
      • 10.3.3.2.2. By Indication
      • 10.3.3.2.3. By Infection Type
      • 10.3.3.2.4. By Route Of Administration
      • 10.3.3.2.5. By End User
      • 10.3.3.2.6. By Distribution Channel

11. Market Dynamics

• 11.1. Drivers
• 11.2. Challenges

12. Market Trends & Developments

• 12.1. Recent Development
• 12.2. Mergers & Acquisitions
• 12.3. Product Launches

13. Global Anti-Fungal Drugs Market: SWOT Analysis

14. Porter's Five Forces Analysis

• 14.1. Competition in the Industry
• 14.2. Potential of New Entrants
• 14.3. Power of Suppliers
• 14.4. Power of Customers
• 14.5. Threat of Substitute Products

15. Competitive Landscape

• 15.1. Business Overview
• 15.2. Service Offerings
• 15.3. Recent Developments
• 15.4. Key Personnel
• 15.5. SWOT Analysis
  • 15.5.1. Abbott Laboratories Inc.
  • 15.5.2. Astellas Pharma Inc.
  • 15.5.3. Bayer AG
  • 15.5.4. GSK plc
  • 15.5.5. Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited
  • 15.5.6. Merck & Co. Inc.
  • 15.5.7. Novartis AG
  • 15.5.8. Pfizer Inc.
  • 15.5.9. Mycovia Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
  • 15.5.10. Apex Laboratories Pvt. Ltd.

16. Strategic Recommendations

17. About Us & Disclaimer