エンボディドAI・ヒューマノイドロボット市場：製品技術の見通しとサプライチェーンの分析（2024年～2025年）

エンボディドAI・ヒューマノイドロボット開発の6つの動向

2025年、世界のヒューマノイドロボット産業は、技術検証からシナリオ浸透への重要な転換点にあり、産業、サービス、特殊、家族などのさまざまなシナリオがもたらす潜在市場は数十兆元を超えます。しかし、ヒューマノイドロボット市場は、そのスケールアップにおいて、まだ3つの大きなボトルネックに直面しています。1つ目は、ヒューマノイドロボットのコストシステムがまだ突破されていないこと、2つ目は、知能レベルに世代間のギャップがあること、3つ目は、データ要素の供給が深刻に不足していることです。

動向1：ヒューマノイドロボット市場は3つの技術的変遷を経てきた

ヒューマノイドロボット産業の進化は、「知的生命体」に対する人間の認識の深化を本質的に反映しています。初期の機械的骨格の実験から、今日のAI基盤モデルに基づく自律的意思決定能力まで、技術的ブレークスルーは「機械」と「人間」の境界を徐々になくしています。これまでのところ、ヒューマノイドロボット産業の発展は、初期探索段階、技術蓄積段階、AI基盤モデルが認知意思決定システムを再構築する段階の3つの重要な段階に分けることができます。

動向2：ヒューマノイドロボットには4つのタイプがあり、スポーツ、シナリオ、製造、AIがこの領域の主な要素となっている

ヒューマノイドロボットの胴体の設計、製造、統合は、ヒューマノイドロボットの産業チェーンのコアリンクであり、ヒューマノイドロボットの産業化と商業化の鍵です。現在、ヒューマノイドロボットボディ産業はまだ探索段階にあります。ヒューマノイドロボットボディ企業は、元の属性によって、ベテランロボット企業、ネイティブロボット企業、自動車OEM、スタートアップの4種類に大別されます。ベテラン企業はスポーツの限界を突破し、ネイティブ企業はシナリオの基礎を固め、自動車OEMは製造のパラダイムを再構築し、スタートアップはAI統合をリードします。彼らは共同でヒューマノイドロボット産業が「0-1」の変曲点を超え、潜在的な1兆元の「人間と機械の統合」市場を切り開くことを促進します。

動向3：ROBOTERA STAR1とXpeng Ironが全身の自由度をリードする

ROBOTERA STAR1とXpeng Ironは、強力なスポーツ柔軟性で全身の自由度をリードしています。Unitree Robotics H1は19自由度、Walker S1は41自由度、Yuanzheng A2は40自由度以上、Figure 02は16自由度しかなく、大きな差があります。定格関節トルクでは、ROBOTERA Star1は400N*mと高出力を誇り、Unitree Robotics H1は360N*m、CyberOneは300N*m、Galbot (G1)は120N*mしかありません。

動向4：ほとんどのヒューマノイドロボットの稼働時間は2時間程度で、一部は8～12時間に達する

ほとんどのヒューマノイドロボットの稼働時間は2時間程度であり、これは主にバッテリーのエネルギー密度が不十分であることと、関節駆動のエネルギー消費が大きいことに起因しています。例えば、Unitree Robotics H1は1時間、UBTECH Walker S1、Xpeng Ironはそれぞれ2時間です。構造の最適化やバッテリー技術の革新によってブレークスルーを達成した企業もあります。Leju KUAVO-MYとApptronik Apolloは1回の充電で4時間、Agility Robotics Digit-4は8時間、その次世代機は12時間、Galbot（G1）は車輪付きデュアルアームと全方位移動シャーシ設計で最大12時間の稼働時間を誇り、産業シナリオに適しています。短期的には、アルゴリズムの最適化とモジュール設計によってエネルギー消費を削減できます。長期的には、全固体電池やナトリウムイオンバッテリーのような高エネルギー密度技術が、ボトルネックの解消に役立ちます。

動向5：ヒューマノイドロボットは、軽量化、多次元知覚、擬人化された動きへと進化する

動向6：2025年は構造化シナリオの量産元年であり、今後5年間は家庭用シナリオが注目される

当レポートでは、エンボディドAI・ヒューマノイドロボット市場について調査分析し、産業動向、サプライチェーン、中国と米国の主要企業21社の競争力と戦略などの情報を提供しています。

目次

第1章 産業概要：EAIがヒューマノイドロボット産業の変革を推進

• 政策
• EAI・ヒューマノイドロボット市場の概要
• EAI・ヒューマノイドロボットのイントロダクション
• EAI・ヒューマノイドロボットの促進要因
• EAI・ヒューマノイドロボット産業の開発動向

第2章 ヒューマノイドロボットのサプライチェーン

• EAI・ヒューマノイドロボットのサプライチェーンの概要
• フレームレストルクモーターサプライチェーン
• リードスクリューサプライチェーン
• コアレスモーターサプライチェーン
• 6次元力センサーサプライチェーン
• 柔軟な触覚センサーサプライチェーン
• ベアリングサプライチェーン
• 減速機サプライチェーン
• PEEK材料サプライチェーン

第3章 代表的なヒューマノイドロボット企業

• Unitree Robotics
• Introduction
• Product Matrix
• Core Competitiveness（1）
• Core Competitiveness（2）
• Core Competitiveness（3）
• Overseas Market Layout
• Humanoid Robots（1）
• Humanoid Robots（2）
• Quadruped Robots
• Supply Chain（1）
• Supply Chain（2）
• Supply Chain（3）
• Customers
• UBTECH
• Profile
• Operation
• Strategic Dynamics in 2025
• Product Strategy
• Strategy for Accelerating Large-Scale Application in Industrial Scenarios（1）
• Strategy for Accelerating Large-Scale Application in Industrial Scenarios（2）
• Comparison among Humanoid Robots in Parameters
• Humanoid Robot Evolution
• Core Competitiveness
• Leju Robotics
• Profile
• Development Planning
• Humanoid Robot Development History
• Core Competitiveness
• Comparison among Humanoid Robots in Parameters
• Humanoid Robot Components
• Three Major Application Scenarios Where Humanoid Robots Are Delivered in Bulk and Business Partners
• Apptronik
• Profile
• Development Planning
• Layout in Computing Power, Data and AI
• Core Competitiveness
• Parameters of Apollo
• Robot Components
• Commercial Application Scenarios of Apollo
• Agility Robotics
• Introduction
• Strategic Planning
• Parameters of Digit Series
• Components
• Commercial Application Scenarios
• AgiBot
• Introduction
• Product Portfolio and Strategic Layout
• Product Parameters
• Development Planning
• Core Competitiveness（1）
• Core Competitiveness（2）
• Core Competitiveness（3）
• Development Direction
• Supply Chain（1）
• Supply Chain（2）
• Dexterous Hand Technology Teardown
• Dexterous Hand Supply Chain
• Figure AI
• Introduction
• Humanoid Robots
• Core Competitiveness（1）
• Core Competitiveness（2）
• Helix
• Core Competitiveness（3）
• Commercial Application Scenarios and Models
• Supply Chain（1）
• Supply Chain（2）
• Challenges and Competition
• LimX Dynamics
• Introduction
• Parameters of Tron 1
• Core Technical Features
• Parameters of CL
• Core Competitiveness
• Commercial Application Scenarios and Models
• Foreign Investment
• Galbot
• Introduction
• Parameters of Galbot（G1）
• Core Technology-Three-tier Foundation Model System
• Core Competitiveness（1）
• Core Competitiveness（2）
• Commercial Application Scenarios and Models
• Supply Chain and Cost Structure
• Beijing ROBOTERA
• Introduction
• Parameters of Humanoid Robots
• Core Competitiveness（1）
• Core Competitiveness（2）
• Core Competitiveness（3）
• Commercial Application Scenarios and Models
• Supply Chain and Cost Structure
• Robot Deployment Timeline of OEMs
• Tesla Optimus
• Parameters
• Commercialization Progress and Future Planning
• Parameters of Next-generation Dexterous Hands
• Core Competitiveness（1）
• Core Competitiveness（2）
• Core Competitiveness（3）
• Core Competitiveness（4）
• Commonality between Automobiles and Humanoid Robots in the Industry Chain
• Commonality between Automobiles and Humanoid Robots in the Industry Chain
• Xpeng IRON
• Parameters
• Core Competitiveness（1）
• Core Competitiveness（2）
• Commercialization Progress and Future Planning
• Cost and Supply Chain Structure
• Commonality between Automobiles and Humanoid Robots in the Industry Chain
• Xiaomi CyberOne
• Parameters of CyberDog
• Parameters of CyberOne
• Core Competitiveness（1）
• Core Competitiveness（2）
• Cost and Supply Chain Structure
• Commercialization Progress and Future Planning
• Robot Investment
• Commonality between Automobiles and Humanoid Robots in the Industry Chain
• GAC GoMate
• Basic Parameters
• Core Competitiveness（1）
• Core Competitiveness（2）
• Commonality between Automobiles and Humanoid Robots in the Industry Chain
• EAI Robot Development Planning
• Chery Mornine
• Parameters
• Future Application Planning
• Toyota
• Humanoid Robot Development History
• TRI Partners with Boston Dynamics to Develop Humanoid Robots
• Parameters of"Busboy"Home Service Robot
• Parameters of Welwalk Wearable Robot
• Parameters of Punyo
• Robot Investment
• Hyundai
• Acquisition of 80% Shares in Boston Dynamics
• Parameters of X-ble Shoulder Exoskeleton Robot
• DAL-e Intelligent Service Robot
• Boston Dynamics
• Introduction
• Next Strategic Planning
• Product Portfolio
• Evolution of Atlas
• Layout in Computing Power and Software Algorithms
• 2025 Will Be the First Year for the Commercialization of Humanoid Robots
• NVIDIA
• Layout in AI and Humanoid Robots
• Core Achievements of New Robots in 2025（1）
• Core Achievements of New Robots in 2025（2）
• Business Partners（1）
• Business Partners（2）
• DeepMind
• Profile
• New Robot AI Models Based on Gemini 2.0（1）
• New Robot AI Models Based on Gemini 2.0（2）
• Progress in Commercialization of Humanoid Robots
• Huawei
• Robot Layout
• Official Entry into EAI Industry with Further Strengthened Trends
• Pangu EAI Model
• Strategic Goals for Humanoid Robots
• Progress in Commercialization of Humanoid Robots

第4章 ヒューマノイドロボット企業の戦略レイアウト、製品、コスト構造

• Strategic Planning of Typical Humanoid Robot Companies
• Classification of Humanoid Robot Body Companies
• Positioning and Strategic Dynamics of Native Robot Companies
• Positioning and Strategic Dynamics of Humanoid Robot Startups
• Positioning and Strategic Dynamics of Automotive OEMs Deploying Humanoid Robots
• Large-scale Application of Typical Humanoid Robot Companies
• Product Planning of Typical Humanoid Robot Companies
• Product Portfolio Matrices of Typical Humanoid Robot Companies
• Large-scale Application and Pre-research of Core Humanoid Robots（1）
• Large-scale Application and Pre-research of Core Humanoid Robots（2）
• Large-scale Application and Pre-research of Core Humanoid Robots（3）
• Product Parameters of Typical Humanoid Robot Companies
• Basic Parameters of Core Humanoid Robots
• Prices of Core Humanoid Robots：Pricing of Representative Models of Top Companies
• Application Scenarios of Core Humanoid Robots
• Motor Capability Comparison（1）
• Motor Capability Comparison（2）
• Motor Capability Comparison（3）
• Perception Capabilities of Core Humanoid Robots（1）
• Perception Capabilities of Core Humanoid Robots（2）
• Perception Capabilities of Core Humanoid Robots（3）
• Visual and Language Interaction Capabilities of Core Humanoid Robots
• Range of Core Humanoid Robots
• Technology Routes of Typical Humanoid Robot Companies
• Control System Technology Routes of Core Humanoid Robots（1）
• Control System Technology Routes of Core Humanoid Robots（2）
• Control System Technology Routes of Core Humanoid Robots（3）
• AI Capabilities of Core Humanoid Robots（1）
• AI Capabilities of Core Humanoid Robots（2）
• Comparison among Representative AI Chips for Humanoid Robots at Home and Abroad
• BOM Cost Breakdown of Representative Humanoid Robots
• BOM Cost Breakdown of Unitree Robotics H1
• BOM Cost Breakdown of AgiBot A2
• BOM Cost Breakdown of UBTECH Walker S1
• BOM Cost Breakdown of Tesla Optimus
• BOM Cost Breakdown of Atlas（Electric Drive Version）
• Cost of Atlas（Electric Drive Version）and Its Competitive Products
• 5 Major Cost Reduction Strategies for Atlas in the Future
• 8 Major Cost Reduction Strategies of Humanoid Robot Companies
• Comparison among Cost Reduction Strategies of Humanoid Robot Companies

第5章 大規模応用シナリオの課題と開発動向

• 大規模技術の適用、コスト、市場の課題
• 主要企業のレイアウトから見たヒューマノイドロボット市場と製品の動向

Six Trends in the Development of Embodied AI and Humanoid Robots

In 2025, the global humanoid robot industry is at a critical turning point from technology verification to scenario penetration, and the potential market posed by various scenarios such as industry, service, special, and family exceeds tens of trillions of yuan. However, the humanoid robot market still faces three major bottlenecks in its scale-up: first, the cost system of humanoid robots has not yet been broken through; second, there is a generational gap in the intelligence level; and third, the supply of data elements is seriously insufficient. ResearchInChina has expounded the technical routes and product matrices of 21 leading Chinese and American companies and their signature products, analyzes the competitiveness of their humanoid robots, the cost reduction strategy of the next-generation products, and the direction of product evolution.

Trend 1: The humanoid robot market has undergone three technological iterations

The evolution of the humanoid robot industry essentially reflects the deepening of human cognition of "intelligent life forms". From early experiments with mechanical skeletons to today's autonomous decision-making capabilities based on AI foundation models, technological breakthroughs are gradually eliminating the boundaries between "machines" and "humans." So far, the development of the humanoid robot industry can be divided into three important stages, namely the initial exploration stage, the technology accumulation stage, and the stage of AI foundation models reconstructing cognitive decision-making systems.

Initial exploration stage (late 1960s-late 1990s): Dynamic walking theory to build a mechanical skeleton

During the initial exploration stage from late 1960s to late 1990s, the United States, the European Union, and South Korea focused on the kinematics and dynamics principles of bipedalism. The "Dynamically Stable Legged Locomotion" proposed by Professor Marc Raibert of the United States offered the basic technical outline. At this stage, Boston Dynamics was a typical veteran (1992).

Technology accumulation stage (early 2000s-2022): Sensors empower physical world interaction

During the technology accumulation stage from early 2000s to 2022, the industry focused on the deep integration and system integration of sensing and intelligent control technologies. At this stage, robots not only optimized basic motion control, but also made breakthroughs in the perception of basic information about the surrounding environment, and could adjust actions based on simple judgments. The technological accumulation laid a solid foundation for the rapid development of humanoid robots. For example, the bipedal Atlas robot demonstrated by Boston Dynamics in 2013 can walk, run, dance, carry and even perform difficult movements in complex terrains, marking a key step for humanoid robots to move towards more complex and intelligent application scenarios. Many players in China and the United States dabbled in the arena, including UBTECH (2012), Agility Robotics (2015), Unitree Robotics (2016), and Apptronik (2016).

New Embodied AI era (2022-present): AI foundation models reconstruct cognitive decision-making systems

After 2022, the humanoid robot industry witnessed a historic turning point - breakthroughs in AI foundation models such as OpenAI GPT-4 and Google RT-2 granted robots semantic understanding, task decomposition and autonomous decision-making for the first time, pushing the industry into a new era of Embodied AI. Through an end-to-end foundation model, Tesla Optimus can autonomously learn complex tasks (such as object classification and path planning) only from human demonstration data, improving the decision-making accuracy by 60% and significantly reducing the cost of manual programming. At the same time, the physical simulation engine built on the NVIDIA Omniverse platform supports the "virtual training - physical verification" closed loop by accurately simulating the dynamic characteristics of real scenarios, improving the robot development efficiency by 3 times and reducing trial and error costs by 80%.

Amid the technological innovation, start-ups such as Figure AI (2022), LimX Dynamics (2022), AgiBot (2023), and Galbot (2023) emerged, delving in vertical scenarios such as industrial manufacturing, logistics warehousing and home services. Traditional OEMs (Toyota, Hyundai, GAC, Chery, etc.), emerging OEMs (Tesla, Xpeng, Xiaomi, etc.), and AI infrastructure companies (Nvidia, DeepMind, Huawei, etc.) have accelerated their strategic layout and seized the market by virtue of their advantages in technology research and development, manufacturing processes or ecological resources. They work together to inject robust momentum into the booming humanoid robot industry.

Trend 2: Humanoid robots involve 4 types of players, with sports, scenarios, manufacturing and AI being key factors in the arena

Humanoid robot body design, manufacturing, and integration are the core links of the humanoid robot industry chain and the key to the industrialization and commercialization of humanoid robots. At present, the humanoid robot body industry is still in the exploratory stage. Humanoid robot body players can be roughly divided into four categories according to their original attributes: veteran robot companies, native robot companies, automotive OEMs, and start-ups. The four types of players are tackling industrialization difficulties in different ways - veteran companies break through the limits of sports, native companies consolidate the foundation of scenarios, automotive OEMs reshape the manufacturing paradigm, and start-ups lead AI integration - they jointly promote the humanoid robot industry to cross the "0-1" inflection point and open up a potential trillion-yuan "human-machine integration" market.

Trend 3: ROBOTERA STAR1 and Xpeng Iron are leaders in full body freedom

With stronger sports flexibility, ROBOTERA STAR1 and Xpeng Iron are leaders in full body freedom. Unitree Robotics H1 has 19 DoF, Walker S1 has 41 DoF, Yuanzheng A2 40+ DoF, and Figure 02 only 16 DoF, showing significant differences. By rated joint torque, ROBOTERA Star1 boasts 400 N*m with a high power output; Unitree Robotics H1 360 N*m, CyberOne 300 N*m, and Galbot (G1) only 120 N*m.

Overall, ROBOTERA Star1 and Xpeng Iron have the most movement flexibility and load with top-notch degrees of freedom and joint torque, so that they are good at complex and high-load tasks. Yuanzheng A2 has a high degree of freedom (40+ DoF), outstanding movement flexibility, and balanced joint torque, suitable for medium-complexity tasks; Unitree Robotics H1 and CyberOne have obvious advantages in joint torque but relatively low degrees of freedom, and are more suitable for scenarios with large loads and simpler movements; Digit-4 and Figure 02 have low degrees of freedom and torque, and mainly fit for basic simple tasks; CL-1 and GoMate have medium degrees of freedom and joint torque, basic movement flexibility and task execution capabilities, ideal for routine operation scenarios.

Trend 4: Most humanoid robots have a range of about 2 hours, and a few reach 8-12 hours

Most humanoid robots have a range of about 2 hours, which is mainly limited by the insufficient battery energy density and the high energy consumption of joint drive. For example, Unitree Robotics H1 can work for an hour, UBTECH Walker S1 and Xpeng Iron 2 hours each. Some companies have achieved breakthroughs through structural optimization or battery technology innovation. Leju KUAVO-MY and Apptronik Apollo have a range of 4 hours after a single recharge; Agility Robotics Digit - 4 can last for 8 hours, and its next generation is expected to work for 12 hours; Galbot (G1) boasts a range of up to 12 hours with its wheeled dual arms and omnidirectional mobile chassis design, suitable for industrial scenarios. In the short term, energy consumption can be reduced through algorithm optimization and modular design. In the long term, high energy density technologies such as solid-state batteries and sodium-ion batteries can help break through bottlenecks.

Industrial scenarios have strict requirements for robot range (8-12 hours), and currently only some products are close to the standard; due to the fragmentation of tasks, home services require moderate robot range. For example, Xiaomi CyberOne can actually work for 3.5 hours, and GAC GoMate adopts all-solid-state batteries and variable wheel foot design to reduce energy consumption by 80% and increase range to 6 hours. In the future, the progress in range technology will lay the foundation for humanoid robots to cover a wider range of application scenarios.

Trend 5: Humanoid robots will evolve towards lightweight, multi-dimensional perception, and anthropomorphic motion.

Tesla Optimus features "human-like flexibility, industrial reliability, and AI autonomy" as a general humanoid robot, becoming the core terminal of Tesla's "hardware as a service" strategy. The evolution trend of Optimus is as follows:

(1) Lightweight design Magnesium alloy (density: 1.72g/cm3) and carbon fiber composite materials reduce the weight of Gen 2 has been reduced from 73kg to 63kg while ensuring structural strength, improving energy efficiency and movement flexibility, catering to the long-term operation and agile operation of the robot, and also laying the foundation for more scenario applications (such as home services).

(2) Multidimensional perception: For touch and force perception, fingertip pressure sensors, sole tactile matrix, 6-dimensional ankle force sensors and wrist multi-dimensional force sensors have been added to achieve more accurate contact force perception and balance control, adapting to complex scenarios. Force/torque: 6-dimensional ankle force sensors (dynamic balance control) + multi-dimensional wrist force sensors (real-time adjustment of operation force)

(3) Motion optimization: The walking speed increases from about 6 km/h to about 8 km/h (an increase of 30%), and the sense of balance and body control are significantly improved. The optimized actuator configuration (the number of rotational joints increases from 20 to 28, and the number of linear joints rises from 8 to 14) and motion algorithm make the robot more agile and stable, enabling it to perform complex movements such as squats and single-leg yoga, evolving towards a movement pattern closer to that of humans.

(4) Intelligence and algorithm advancement:

Computing power: Equipped with Dojo D1 (362 TOPS computing power), end-to-end training (video input -> control output) is supported

Neural network: Preset action programming has evolved into AI autonomous decision-making, with joint control instructions directly generated through visual signals

Training method: Based on reinforcement learning of Tesla's factory data, the walking gait and operation strategy are dynamically optimized

(5) Actuator system upgrade: Quantity and complexity: The number of rotational joints and linear joints has increased, and the hand actuators have been upgraded from a simple grasping structure to 11-degree-of-freedom dexterous hands (3 degrees of freedom per finger + 2 degrees of freedom for the thumbs), improving movement flexibility, diversity and operation accuracy.

Trend 6: 2025 is the first year of mass production for structured scenarios, and home scenarios will be the focus in the next 5 years

2025 will be the first year of mass production for industrial manufacturing and automobile manufacturing

For the market demand side, humanoid robots can efficiently undertake high-precision and repetitive operations that are difficult for automated equipment to complete in industrial manufacturing, and promote full automation of industrial production. Structured scenarios such as industrial manufacturing, logistics and warehousing with strong standardization have low technical barriers, so model training is relatively easy. Based on this, most humanoid robot companies regard structured scenarios such as industrial manufacturing, automotive intelligent manufacturing, warehousing and logistics, and security inspection as the "first arena" for commercialization.

The penetration of humanoid robots follows the process from "structured scenarios -> semi-structured scenarios -> unstructured scenarios -> general scenarios". Home scenarios will become the layout focus of representative humanoid robot companies in the 2025-2030

With a huge base of 1.6 billion households worldwide, the rigid demand for care and companionship incurred by aging, and average daily demand for more than 10 hours of housework, home scenarios constitute the main increment of the trillion-dollar consumer market. As the ultimate interactive entrance to the smart home ecosystem, the layout in home scenarios essentially embodies the strategic competition for the right to define the future "human-machine integration" lifestyle. Both the technological paths of American industrial robot giants and the ecological strategies of Chinese all-scenario players regard complex human-machine collaboration in home environments as the core arena. Although the stringent requirements of unstructured scenarios for robots' semantic understanding and dynamic decision-making mean that mass production will be the result of 5-10 years of technological iterations, this field has long become a strategic stronghold for future smart terminals.

Table of Contents

1 Industry Overview: EAI Drives Humanoid Robot Industry Transformation

• 1.1 Policy
• National Humanoid Robot Policies/Plans (2021-2024)
• National Top-level Design Support the Development of the Humanoid Robot Industry
• Regions Have Established Innovation Centers and Laid out AI Robot Industry Clusters
• 1.2 Overview of EAI and Humanoid Robot Market
• Development and Evolution of EAI
• Application Scenario Evolution of EAI
• American and Chinese Humanoid Robot Markets Continue to Grow
• Chinese Humanoid Robot Market, 2025-2035E
• An Investment Boom in EAI in 2024 with Incremental Components and Embodied Models Favored by Investors
• Number of Humanoid Robot Patents Applied Worldwide
• 1.3 Introduction to EAI and Humanoid Robots
• Basic Concept of EAI
• EAI Covers a Wide Range of Embodied Forms
• Humanoid Robot Structure
• Humanoid Robot Linear Actuator
• Humanoid Robot Rotary Actuator
• Humanoid Robot Perception System (Vision + Touch)
• Humanoid Robot Perception System (Force + Inertia)
• Humanoid Robot Dexterous Hand
• Dexterous Hand Classification by Transmission Method
• Tesla's Dexterous Hand
• Embodied "Brain" + "Cerebellum"
• Typical Technical Solutions for EAI Brain
• EAI VLMs (Partial)
• EAI VLA Models (Partial)
• EAI Technology Iteration
• EAI Technology System Architecture
• Three Major Components of EAI
• Technical Architecture of EAI - Perception, Decision-Making and Action Modules
• EAI Technology System - Feedback Module
• 1.4 Driving Forces for EAI and Humanoid Robots
• Market Demand Trend: Humanoid Robots Are Expected to Alleviate the Labor Shortage in the Market
• EAI Is an Important Engine for Promoting the Construction of New Productivity
• AI Foundation Models Further Improve the Intelligence of Humanoid Robots
• Open Source Data Sets Drive the Growth of EAI Industry
• Localized Humanoid Robot Hardware Reduces Robot Costs
• 1.5 EAI and Humanoid Robot Industry Development Trends
• Humanoid Robot Companies Are Currently Accelerating B-end Application
• 2025, the First Year of Mass Production: Humanoid Robots Tend to Be Mass-Produced
• EAI and Various Robot Carrier Forms Develop Together - Robot Dog
• Data Collection Methods Are Constantly Evolving, and Simulation Data Is Expected to Drive Robots to Make a Leap in Intelligence
• Evolution of EAI Brain from VLM to VLA

2 Humanoid Robot Supply Chain

• 2.1 Overview of EAI and Humanoid Robot Supply Chain
• Humanoid Robot Hardware Composition and Cost
• Tesla Optimus as an EXAMPLE: COST BREAKDown of Core Humanoid Robot Components
• Key Companies in Core Humanoid Robot Hardware Market
• 2.2 Frameless Torque Motor Supply Chain
• Introduction
• Market Size Forecast
• Competitive Landscape of Suppliers
• International Suppliers
• Domestic Suppliers
• 2.3 Lead Screw Supply Chain
• Introduction
• Market Size Forecast
• Competitive Landscape of Ball Screw Suppliers
• International Ball Screw Suppliers
• Domestic Ball Screw Suppliers
• 2.4 Coreless Motor Supply Chain
• Introduction (1)
• Introduction (2)
• Market Size Forecast
• Competitive Landscape of Suppliers
• International Suppliers
• Domestic Suppliers
• 2.5 Six-dimensional Force Sensor Supply Chain
• Introduction
• Market Size Forecast
• Competitive Landscape of Suppliers
• International Suppliers
• Domestic Suppliers
• 2.6 Flexible Tactile Sensor Supply Chain
• Introduction
• Market Size Forecast
• Competitive Landscape of Suppliers
• International Suppliers
• Domestic Suppliers
• 2.7 Bearing Supply Chain
• Introduction
• Estimated Bearing Value for a Single Humanoid Robot
• Market Size Forecast
• Competitive Landscape of Suppliers
• International Suppliers
• Domestic Suppliers
• 2.8 Reducer Supply Chain
• Introduction
• Market Size Forecast
• Competitive Landscape of Suppliers
• Domestic Suppliers
• International Suppliers
• 2.9 PEEK Material Supply Chain
• Introduction
• Humanoid Robot Material Usage and Cost
• Market Size Forecast
• Competitive Landscape of Suppliers
• International/Domestic Suppliers

3 Representative Humanoid Robot Companies

• 3.1 Unitree Robotics
• Introduction
• Product Matrix
• Core Competitiveness (1)
• Core Competitiveness (2)
• Core Competitiveness (3)
• Overseas Market Layout
• Humanoid Robots (1)
• Humanoid Robots (2)
• Quadruped Robots
• Supply Chain (1)
• Supply Chain (2)
• Supply Chain (3)
• Customers
• 3.2 UBTECH
• Profile
• Operation
• Strategic Dynamics in 2025
• Product Strategy
• Strategy for Accelerating Large-Scale Application in Industrial Scenarios (1)
• Strategy for Accelerating Large-Scale Application in Industrial Scenarios (2)
• Comparison among Humanoid Robots in Parameters
• Humanoid Robot Evolution
• Core Competitiveness
• 3.3 Leju Robotics
• Profile
• Development Planning
• Humanoid Robot Development History
• Core Competitiveness
• Comparison among Humanoid Robots in Parameters
• Humanoid Robot Components
• Three Major Application Scenarios Where Humanoid Robots Are Delivered in Bulk and Business Partners
• 3.4 Apptronik
• Profile
• Development Planning
• Layout in Computing Power, Data and AI
• Core Competitiveness
• Parameters of Apollo
• Robot Components
• Commercial Application Scenarios of Apollo
• 3.5 Agility Robotics
• Introduction
• Strategic Planning
• Parameters of Digit Series
• Components
• Commercial Application Scenarios
• 3.6 AgiBot
• Introduction
• Product Portfolio and Strategic Layout
• Product Parameters
• Development Planning
• Core Competitiveness (1)
• Core Competitiveness (2)
• Core Competitiveness (3)
• Development Direction
• Supply Chain (1)
• Supply Chain (2)
• Dexterous Hand Technology Teardown
• Dexterous Hand Supply Chain
• 3.7 Figure AI
• Introduction
• Humanoid Robots
• Core Competitiveness (1)
• Core Competitiveness (2)
• Helix
• Core Competitiveness (3)
• Commercial Application Scenarios and Models
• Supply Chain (1)
• Supply Chain (2)
• Challenges and Competition
• 3.8 LimX Dynamics
• Introduction
• Parameters of Tron 1
• Core Technical Features
• Parameters of CL
• Core Competitiveness
• Commercial Application Scenarios and Models
• Foreign Investment
• 3.9 Galbot
• Introduction
• Parameters of Galbot (G1)
• Core Technology - Three-tier Foundation Model System
• Core Competitiveness (1)
• Core Competitiveness (2)
• Commercial Application Scenarios and Models
• Supply Chain and Cost Structure
• 3.10 Beijing ROBOTERA
• Introduction
• Parameters of Humanoid Robots
• Core Competitiveness (1)
• Core Competitiveness (2)
• Core Competitiveness (3)
• Commercial Application Scenarios and Models
• Supply Chain and Cost Structure
• Robot Deployment Timeline of OEMs
• 3.11 Tesla Optimus
• Parameters
• Commercialization Progress and Future Planning
• Parameters of Next-generation Dexterous Hands
• Core Competitiveness (1)
• Core Competitiveness (2)
• Core Competitiveness (3)
• Core Competitiveness (4)
• Commonality between Automobiles and Humanoid Robots in the Industry Chain
• Commonality between Automobiles and Humanoid Robots in the Industry Chain
• 3.12 Xpeng IRON
• Parameters
• Core Competitiveness (1)
• Core Competitiveness (2)
• Commercialization Progress and Future Planning
• Cost and Supply Chain Structure
• Commonality between Automobiles and Humanoid Robots in the Industry Chain
• 3.13 Xiaomi CyberOne
• Parameters of CyberDog
• Parameters of CyberOne
• Core Competitiveness (1)
• Core Competitiveness (2)
• Cost and Supply Chain Structure
• Commercialization Progress and Future Planning
• Robot Investment
• Commonality between Automobiles and Humanoid Robots in the Industry Chain
• 3.14 GAC GoMate
• Basic Parameters
• Core Competitiveness (1)
• Core Competitiveness (2)
• Commonality between Automobiles and Humanoid Robots in the Industry Chain
• EAI Robot Development Planning
• 3.15 Chery Mornine
• Parameters
• Future Application Planning
• 3.16 Toyota
• Humanoid Robot Development History
• TRI Partners with Boston Dynamics to Develop Humanoid Robots
• Parameters of "Busboy" Home Service Robot
• Parameters of Welwalk Wearable Robot
• Parameters of Punyo
• Robot Investment
• 3.17 Hyundai
• Acquisition of 80% Shares in Boston Dynamics
• Parameters of X-ble Shoulder Exoskeleton Robot
• DAL-e Intelligent Service Robot
• 3.18 Boston Dynamics
• Introduction
• Next Strategic Planning
• Product Portfolio
• Evolution of Atlas
• Layout in Computing Power and Software Algorithms
• 2025 Will Be the First Year for the Commercialization of Humanoid Robots
• 3.19 NVIDIA
• Layout in AI and Humanoid Robots
• Core Achievements of New Robots in 2025 (1)
• Core Achievements of New Robots in 2025 (2)
• Business Partners (1)
• Business Partners (2)
• 3.20 DeepMind
• Profile
• New Robot AI Models Based on Gemini 2.0 (1)
• New Robot AI Models Based on Gemini 2.0 (2)
• Progress in Commercialization of Humanoid Robots
• 3.21 Huawei
• Robot Layout
• Official Entry into EAI Industry with Further Strengthened Trends
• Pangu EAI Model
• Strategic Goals for Humanoid Robots
• Progress in Commercialization of Humanoid Robots

4 Strategic Layout, Products and Cost Structure of Humanoid Robot Companies

• 4.1 Strategic Planning of Typical Humanoid Robot Companies
• Classification of Humanoid Robot Body Companies
• Positioning and Strategic Dynamics of Native Robot Companies
• Positioning and Strategic Dynamics of Humanoid Robot Startups
• Positioning and Strategic Dynamics of Automotive OEMs Deploying Humanoid Robots
• 4.2 Large-scale Application of Typical Humanoid Robot Companies
• Product Planning of Typical Humanoid Robot Companies
• Product Portfolio Matrices of Typical Humanoid Robot Companies
• Large-scale Application and Pre-research of Core Humanoid Robots (1)
• Large-scale Application and Pre-research of Core Humanoid Robots (2)
• Large-scale Application and Pre-research of Core Humanoid Robots (3)
• 4.3 Product Parameters of Typical Humanoid Robot Companies
• Basic Parameters of Core Humanoid Robots
• Prices of Core Humanoid Robots: Pricing of Representative Models of Top Companies
• Application Scenarios of Core Humanoid Robots
• Motor Capability Comparison (1)
• Motor Capability Comparison (2)
• Motor Capability Comparison (3)
• Perception Capabilities of Core Humanoid Robots (1)
• Perception Capabilities of Core Humanoid Robots (2)
• Perception Capabilities of Core Humanoid Robots (3)
• Visual and Language Interaction Capabilities of Core Humanoid Robots
• Range of Core Humanoid Robots
• 4.4 Technology Routes of Typical Humanoid Robot Companies
• Control System Technology Routes of Core Humanoid Robots (1)
• Control System Technology Routes of Core Humanoid Robots (2)
• Control System Technology Routes of Core Humanoid Robots (3)
• AI Capabilities of Core Humanoid Robots (1)
• AI Capabilities of Core Humanoid Robots (2)
• Comparison among Representative AI Chips for Humanoid Robots at Home and Abroad
• 4.5 BOM Cost Breakdown of Representative Humanoid Robots
• BOM Cost Breakdown of Unitree Robotics H1
• BOM Cost Breakdown of AgiBot A2
• BOM Cost Breakdown of UBTECH Walker S1
• BOM Cost Breakdown of Tesla Optimus
• BOM Cost Breakdown of Atlas (Electric Drive Version)
• Cost of Atlas (Electric Drive Version) and Its Competitive Products
• 5 Major Cost Reduction Strategies for Atlas in the Future
• 8 Major Cost Reduction Strategies of Humanoid Robot Companies
• Comparison among Cost Reduction Strategies of Humanoid Robot Companies

5 Challenges and Development Trends of Large-scale Application Scenarios

• 5.1 Large-scale Technology Application, Cost and Market Challenges
• Competitive Barriers for Chinese EAI Companies
• Technical Challenge - Core EAI Technology
• Technical Challenge - Main Hardware
• Technical Challenge - Lack of High-quality Data for Training
• Cost Challenge - High-end Humanoid Robots Are Currently Expensive, Limiting Their Availability
• Application Challenge - Current Humanoid Robots Have Problems with Scenario Adaptability
• 5.2 Humanoid Robot Market and Product Trends from the Perspective of the Layout of Top Players
• Large-scale Application of Humanoid Robots and Accelerated Ecology Construction
• Digit Technology Evolution (1)
• Digit Technology Evolution (2)
• Tesla Optimus Technology Evolution (1)
• Tesla Optimus Technology Evolution (2)
• Summary of Humanoid Robot Technology Evolution (1)
• Summary of Humanoid Robot Technology Evolution (2)
• Humanoid Robot Development Trends