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オンライン決済不正検知の世界市場：業界分析、規模、シェア、成長、動向、予測（2025年～2032年）

Online Payment Fraud Detection Market: Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast, 2025 - 2032

出版日
ページ情報
英文 321 Pages
納期
2～5営業日
カスタマイズ可能
価格
価格表記: USDを日本円(税抜)に換算
本日の銀行送金レート: 1USD=143.57円
オンライン決済不正検知の世界市場：業界分析、規模、シェア、成長、動向、予測（2025年～2032年）
出版日: 2025年04月15日
発行: Persistence Market Research
ページ情報: 英文 321 Pages
納期: 2～5営業日
GIIご利用のメリット
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  • 概要
  • 目次
概要

世界のオンライン決済不正検知の市場規模は、2025年に80億9,080万米ドルになるとみられ、2025年～2032年の予測期間に13.8%のCAGRで拡大し、2032年には199億9,790万米ドルに達すると予測されています。

オンライン決済不正検知市場には、オンライン決済取引中の不正行為を検知、防止、緩和するために使用される技術とソリューションが含まれます。不正検知ツールは、企業が決済システムを保護し、チャージバックを削減し、顧客の信頼を維持するのに役立ちます。デジタル決済方式への移行が進み、不正行為の手口が巧妙化していることが市場成長の原動力となっています。また、eコマース、モバイル決済、デジタルバンキングサービスへの依存度が高まっていることから、強固な不正防止ソリューションへの需要が高まっています。

世界のオンライン決済不正検知市場は、主にオンライン取引件数の増加、デジタル決済手段の普及、決済システムを標的としたサイバー攻撃の頻度増加により、急速な成長を遂げています。銀行、小売、通信などさまざまな分野でデジタル取引が普及するにつれ、機密性の高い金融情報を保護し、決済システムの完全性を確保する必要性が高まっています。さらに、データ保護や決済セキュリティを取り巻く規制要件やコンプライアンス基準の厳格化が、企業に不正検知ソリューションへの投資を促しています。また、モバイルコマースの台頭やオンラインバンキングサービスの導入拡大も、高度な不正検知技術への需要を後押ししています。

有望な市場ポテンシャルにもかかわらず、オンライン決済不正検知業界はいくつかの課題に直面しています。主な阻害要因の1つは、特に中小企業にとって、高度な不正検知ソリューションの導入コストが高いことです。また、不正検知システムを既存の決済インフラと統合することの複雑さは、業務の中断につながる可能性があります。さらに、詐欺師がますます洗練された手口を用いるようになるなど、詐欺行為の性質は常に進化しているため、詐欺検出プロバイダーは新たな脅威を先取りし続けるという継続的な課題を突きつけられています。また、効果的な不正検知のために大量の取引データに依存することは、データのプライバシーとセキュリティに関する懸念も引き起こします。

オンライン決済不正検知市場は、人工知能（AI）と機械学習（ML）技術の継続的な進歩により、大きな成長機会を提供しています。これらの技術は、より正確でリアルタイムの不正検知を可能にし、複雑な不正スキームの防止に不可欠なものとなっています。顔認証や指紋スキャンなどの生体認証の採用が増加していることは、セキュリティ強化の新たな機会をもたらしています。さらに、アジア太平洋やラテンアメリカなどの新興市場におけるeコマースの拡大は、不正検知プロバイダーが顧客基盤を拡大する新たな道を提供しています。ビジネスのデジタル化が進む中、不正検知ベンダーが銀行、小売、ヘルスケアなど特定の業界向けにカスタマイズしたソリューションを開発する機会も生まれています。

当レポートでは、世界のオンライン決済不正検知市場について調査し、コンポーネント別、展開別、業界別、地域別動向、および市場に参入する企業のプロファイルなどを提供しています。

目次

第1章 エグゼクティブサマリー

第2章 市場概要

  • 市場の範囲と定義
  • 市場力学
  • マクロ経済要因
  • COVID-19の影響分析
  • 予測要因- 関連性と影響

第3章 付加価値のある洞察

第4章 価格分析、2025年

第5章 世界のオンライン決済不正検知市場の見通し

  • 主なハイライト
  • 市場規模分析と予測
    • 過去の市場規模分析、2019年～2024年
    • 現在の市場規模分析と予測、2025年～2032年
  • 世界のオンライン決済不正検知市場の見通し：コンポーネント別
    • イントロダクション/主な調査結果
    • 過去の市場規模と数量分析、コンポーネント別、2019年～2024年
    • 現在の市場規模と数量分析および予測、コンポーネント別、2025年～2032年
    • 市場の魅力分析：コンポーネント別
  • 世界のオンライン決済不正検知市場の見通し：展開別
    • イントロダクション/主な調査結果
    • 過去の市場規模分析、展開別、2019年～2024年
    • 現在の市場規模分析と予測、展開別、2025年～2032年
    • 市場の魅力分析：展開
  • 世界のオンライン決済不正検知市場の見通し：業界別
    • イントロダクション/主な調査結果
    • 過去の市場規模分析、業界別、2019年～2024年
    • 現在の市場規模分析と予測、業界別、2025年～2032年
    • 市場の魅力分析：業界別

第6章 世界のオンライン決済不正検知市場の見通し：地域別

  • 主なハイライト
  • 過去の市場規模分析、地域別、2019年～2024年
  • 現在の市場規模分析と予測、地域別、2025年～2032年
    • 北米
    • 欧州
    • 東アジア
    • 南アジアとオセアニア
    • ラテンアメリカ
    • 中東・アフリカ
  • 市場の魅力分析：地域別

第7章 北米のオンライン決済不正検知市場の見通し

第8章 欧州のオンライン決済不正検知市場の見通し

第9章 東アジアのオンライン決済不正検知市場の見通し

第10章 南アジア・オセアニアのオンライン決済不正検知市場の見通し

第11章 ラテンアメリカのオンライン決済不正検知市場の見通し

第12章 中東・アフリカのオンライン決済不正検知市場の見通し

第13章 競合情勢

  • 市場シェア分析、2025年
  • 市場構造
  • 企業プロファイル（詳細- 概要、財務、戦略、最近の動向）
    • ACI Worldwide
    • Experian
    • SecuroNix
    • Accertify
    • Feedzai
    • CaseWare
    • FRISS
    • MaxMind
    • Gurucul
    • DataVisor
    • PayPal
    • Visa
    • SAS Institute
    • SAP SE
    • Microsoft Corporation
    • F5, Inc.
    • Ingenico AWS
    • PerimeterX
    • OneSpan
    • Signifyd
    • Cleafy
    • Pondera Solutions

第14章 付録

目次
Product Code: PMRREP33078

Persistence Market Research has recently released a comprehensive report on the global Online Payment Fraud Detection Market, providing an in-depth analysis of key market dynamics, including driving forces, emerging trends, opportunities, and challenges. This report offers a detailed understanding of the market landscape, helping stakeholders make well-informed decisions.

Key Insights:

  • Online Payment Fraud Detection Market Size (2025E): US$ 8,090.8 Mn
  • Projected Market Value (2032F): US$ 19,997.9 Mn
  • Global Market Growth Rate (CAGR 2025 to 2032): 13.8%

Online Payment Fraud Detection Market - Report Scope:

The online payment fraud detection market encompasses technologies and solutions used to detect, prevent, and mitigate fraudulent activities during online payment transactions. Fraud detection tools help businesses secure payment systems, reduce chargebacks, and maintain customer trust. The growing shift toward digital payment methods and the increasing sophistication of fraudulent schemes are driving market growth. Additionally, the increasing reliance on e-commerce, mobile payments, and digital banking services has led to a higher demand for robust fraud prevention solutions.

Market Growth Drivers:

The global online payment fraud detection market is experiencing rapid growth, primarily driven by the rising number of online transactions, the proliferation of digital payment methods, and the increasing frequency of cyberattacks targeting payment systems. As digital transactions become more prevalent across various sectors such as banking, retail, and telecommunications, there is a growing need to safeguard sensitive financial information and ensure the integrity of payment systems. Moreover, stricter regulatory requirements and compliance standards surrounding data protection and payment security are prompting businesses to invest in fraud detection solutions. The rise of mobile commerce and the increasing adoption of online banking services are also fueling the demand for advanced fraud detection technologies.

Market Restraints:

Despite the promising market potential, the online payment fraud detection industry faces several challenges. One of the key restraints is the high cost of implementing advanced fraud detection solutions, particularly for small and medium-sized businesses. The complexity of integrating fraud detection systems with existing payment infrastructures can also lead to operational disruptions. Additionally, the constantly evolving nature of fraudulent activities, where fraudsters employ increasingly sophisticated methods, poses a continuous challenge for fraud detection providers to stay ahead of new threats. The reliance on large volumes of transaction data for effective fraud detection also raises concerns related to data privacy and security.

Market Opportunities:

The online payment fraud detection market offers significant growth opportunities due to the continuous advancement in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies. These technologies are enabling more accurate and real-time fraud detection, making them essential for preventing complex fraud schemes. The rising adoption of biometrics, such as facial recognition and fingerprint scanning, presents new opportunities for enhanced security. Additionally, the expansion of e-commerce in emerging markets like Asia-Pacific and Latin America provides new avenues for fraud detection providers to expand their customer base. As businesses continue to move toward digitalization, there is also an opportunity for fraud detection vendors to develop tailored solutions for specific industries such as banking, retail, and healthcare.

Key Questions Answered in the Report:

  • What are the primary factors driving the growth of the global online payment fraud detection market?
  • Which regions and market segments are experiencing the highest demand for fraud detection solutions?
  • How are advancements in AI and machine learning influencing market dynamics?
  • Who are the key players in the online payment fraud detection market, and what strategies are they adopting to stay competitive?
  • What are the emerging trends and future projections for the global online payment fraud detection market?

Competitive Intelligence and Business Strategy:

Leading companies in the global online payment fraud detection market, such as ACI Worldwide, Experian, SecuroNix, and PayPal, are investing heavily in advanced analytics, AI, and machine learning to enhance the accuracy and speed of fraud detection. These companies are focusing on offering end-to-end fraud prevention solutions that integrate seamlessly with existing payment infrastructures. Partnerships with financial institutions and retail giants are helping these players expand their market reach. Furthermore, companies are prioritizing innovations in biometric authentication, real-time fraud detection, and secure payment channels to meet the growing demand for enhanced security.

Companies Covered in This Report:

  • ACI Worldwide
  • Experian
  • SecuroNix
  • Accertify
  • Feedzai
  • CaseWare
  • FRISS
  • MaxMind
  • Gurucul
  • DataVisor
  • PayPal
  • Visa

Online Payment Fraud Detection Market Segmentation:

By Component:

  • Solutions
  • Services

By Deployment:

  • On-premises
  • Cloud-based

By Vertical:

  • BFSI
  • IT and Telecom
  • Retail and Consumer Packaged Goods
  • Government
  • Real Estate and Construction
  • Energy and Utilities
  • Others

By Region:

  • North America
  • Europe
  • East Asia
  • South Asia and Oceania
  • Latin America
  • Middle East and Africa

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

  • 1.1. Global Online Payment Fraud Detection Market Snapshot, 2025-2032
  • 1.2. Market Opportunity Assessment, 2025-2032, US$ Mn
  • 1.3. Key Market Trends
  • 1.4. Future Market Projections
  • 1.5. Premium Market Insights
  • 1.6. Industry Developments and Key Market Events
  • 1.7. PMR Analysis and Recommendations

2. Market Overview

  • 2.1. Market Scope and Definition
  • 2.2. Market Dynamics
    • 2.2.1. Drivers
    • 2.2.2. Restraints
    • 2.2.3. Opportunity
    • 2.2.4. Key Trends
  • 2.3. Macro-Economic Factors
    • 2.3.1. Global Sectorial Outlook
    • 2.3.2. Global GDP Growth Outlook
  • 2.4. COVID-19 Impact Analysis
  • 2.5. Forecast Factors - Relevance and Impact

3. Value Added Insights

  • 3.1. Component Adoption Analysis
  • 3.2. Regulatory Landscape
  • 3.3. Value Chain Analysis
  • 3.4. PESTLE Analysis
  • 3.5. Porter's Five Force Analysis

4. Price Analysis, 2025A

  • 4.1. Key Highlights
  • 4.2. Key Factors Impacting Component Prices
  • 4.3. Pricing Analysis, By Component
  • 4.4. Regional Prices and Component Preferences

5. Global Online Payment Fraud Detection Market Outlook

  • 5.1. Key Highlights
    • 5.1.1. Market Volume (Units) Projections
    • 5.1.2. Market Size (US$ Mn) and Y-o-Y Growth
    • 5.1.3. Absolute $ Opportunity
  • 5.2. Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast
    • 5.2.1. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis, 2019-2024
    • 5.2.2. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, 2025-2032
  • 5.3. Global Online Payment Fraud Detection Market Outlook: Component
    • 5.3.1. Introduction / Key Findings
    • 5.3.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis, By Component, 2019-2024
    • 5.3.3. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Component, 2025-2032
      • 5.3.3.1. Solutions
      • 5.3.3.2. Services
    • 5.3.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis: Component
  • 5.4. Global Online Payment Fraud Detection Market Outlook: Deployment
    • 5.4.1. Introduction / Key Findings
    • 5.4.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis, By Deployment, 2019-2024
    • 5.4.3. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Deployment, 2025-2032
      • 5.4.3.1. On-premises
      • 5.4.3.2. Cloud-based
    • 5.4.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis: Deployment
  • 5.5. Global Online Payment Fraud Detection Market Outlook: Vertical
    • 5.5.1. Introduction / Key Findings
    • 5.5.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis, By Vertical, 2019-2024
    • 5.5.3. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Vertical, 2025-2032
      • 5.5.3.1. BFSI
      • 5.5.3.2. IT and Telecom
      • 5.5.3.3. Retail and Consumer Packaged Goods
      • 5.5.3.4. Government
      • 5.5.3.5. Real Estate and Construction
      • 5.5.3.6. Energy and Utilities
      • 5.5.3.7. Others
    • 5.5.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis: Vertical

6. Global Online Payment Fraud Detection Market Outlook: Region

  • 6.1. Key Highlights
  • 6.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis, By Region, 2019-2024
  • 6.3. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Region, 2025-2032
    • 6.3.1. North America
    • 6.3.2. Europe
    • 6.3.3. East Asia
    • 6.3.4. South Asia and Oceania
    • 6.3.5. Latin America
    • 6.3.6. Middle East & Africa
  • 6.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis: Region

7. North America Online Payment Fraud Detection Market Outlook

  • 7.1. Key Highlights
  • 7.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis, By Market, 2019-2024
    • 7.2.1. By Country
    • 7.2.2. By Component
    • 7.2.3. By Deployment
    • 7.2.4. By Vertical
  • 7.3. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Country, 2025-2032
    • 7.3.1. U.S.
    • 7.3.2. Canada
  • 7.4. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Component, 2025-2032
    • 7.4.1. Solutions
    • 7.4.2. Services
  • 7.5. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Deployment, 2025-2032
    • 7.5.1. On-premises
    • 7.5.2. Cloud-based
  • 7.6. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Vertical, 2025-2032
    • 7.6.1. BFSI
    • 7.6.2. IT and Telecom
    • 7.6.3. Retail and Consumer Packaged Goods
    • 7.6.4. Government
    • 7.6.5. Real Estate and Construction
    • 7.6.6. Energy and Utilities
    • 7.6.7. Others
  • 7.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis

8. Europe Online Payment Fraud Detection Market Outlook

  • 8.1. Key Highlights
  • 8.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis, By Market, 2019-2024
    • 8.2.1. By Country
    • 8.2.2. By Component
    • 8.2.3. By Deployment
    • 8.2.4. By Vertical
  • 8.3. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Country, 2025-2032
    • 8.3.1. Germany
    • 8.3.2. France
    • 8.3.3. U.K.
    • 8.3.4. Italy
    • 8.3.5. Spain
    • 8.3.6. Russia
    • 8.3.7. Turkey
    • 8.3.8. Rest of Europe
  • 8.4. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Component, 2025-2032
    • 8.4.1. Solutions
    • 8.4.2. Services
  • 8.5. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Deployment, 2025-2032
    • 8.5.1. On-premises
    • 8.5.2. Cloud-based
  • 8.6. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Vertical, 2025-2032
    • 8.6.1. BFSI
    • 8.6.2. IT and Telecom
    • 8.6.3. Retail and Consumer Packaged Goods
    • 8.6.4. Government
    • 8.6.5. Real Estate and Construction
    • 8.6.6. Energy and Utilities
    • 8.6.7. Others
  • 8.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis

9. East Asia Online Payment Fraud Detection Market Outlook

  • 9.1. Key Highlights
  • 9.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis, By Market, 2019-2024
    • 9.2.1. By Country
    • 9.2.2. By Component
    • 9.2.3. By Deployment
    • 9.2.4. By Vertical
  • 9.3. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Country, 2025-2032
    • 9.3.1. China
    • 9.3.2. Japan
    • 9.3.3. South Korea
  • 9.4. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Component, 2025-2032
    • 9.4.1. Solutions
    • 9.4.2. Services
  • 9.5. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Deployment, 2025-2032
    • 9.5.1. On-premises
    • 9.5.2. Cloud-based
  • 9.6. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Vertical, 2025-2032
    • 9.6.1. BFSI
    • 9.6.2. IT and Telecom
    • 9.6.3. Retail and Consumer Packaged Goods
    • 9.6.4. Government
    • 9.6.5. Real Estate and Construction
    • 9.6.6. Energy and Utilities
    • 9.6.7. Others
  • 9.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis

10. South Asia & Oceania Online Payment Fraud Detection Market Outlook

  • 10.1. Key Highlights
  • 10.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis, By Market, 2019-2024
    • 10.2.1. By Country
    • 10.2.2. By Component
    • 10.2.3. By Deployment
    • 10.2.4. By Vertical
  • 10.3. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Country, 2025-2032
    • 10.3.1. India
    • 10.3.2. Southeast Asia
    • 10.3.3. ANZ
    • 10.3.4. Rest of South Asia & Oceania
  • 10.4. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Component, 2025-2032
    • 10.4.1. Solutions
    • 10.4.2. Services
  • 10.5. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Deployment, 2025-2032
    • 10.5.1. On-premises
    • 10.5.2. Cloud-based
  • 10.6. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Vertical, 2025-2032
    • 10.6.1. BFSI
    • 10.6.2. IT and Telecom
    • 10.6.3. Retail and Consumer Packaged Goods
    • 10.6.4. Government
    • 10.6.5. Real Estate and Construction
    • 10.6.6. Energy and Utilities
    • 10.6.7. Others
  • 10.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis

11. Latin America Online Payment Fraud Detection Market Outlook

  • 11.1. Key Highlights
  • 11.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis, By Market, 2019-2024
    • 11.2.1. By Country
    • 11.2.2. By Component
    • 11.2.3. By Deployment
    • 11.2.4. By Vertical
  • 11.3. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Country, 2025-2032
    • 11.3.1. Brazil
    • 11.3.2. Mexico
    • 11.3.3. Rest of Latin America
  • 11.4. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Component, 2025-2032
    • 11.4.1. Solutions
    • 11.4.2. Services
  • 11.5. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Deployment, 2025-2032
    • 11.5.1. On-premises
    • 11.5.2. Cloud-based
  • 11.6. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Vertical, 2025-2032
    • 11.6.1. BFSI
    • 11.6.2. IT and Telecom
    • 11.6.3. Retail and Consumer Packaged Goods
    • 11.6.4. Government
    • 11.6.5. Real Estate and Construction
    • 11.6.6. Energy and Utilities
    • 11.6.7. Others
  • 11.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis

12. Middle East & Africa Online Payment Fraud Detection Market Outlook

  • 12.1. Key Highlights
  • 12.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis, By Market, 2019-2024
    • 12.2.1. By Country
    • 12.2.2. By Component
    • 12.2.3. By Deployment
    • 12.2.4. By Vertical
  • 12.3. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Country, 2025-2032
    • 12.3.1. GCC Countries
    • 12.3.2. Egypt
    • 12.3.3. South Africa
    • 12.3.4. Northern Africa
    • 12.3.5. Rest of Middle East & Africa
  • 12.4. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Component, 2025-2032
    • 12.4.1. Solutions
    • 12.4.2. Services
  • 12.5. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Deployment, 2025-2032
    • 12.5.1. On-premises
    • 12.5.2. Cloud-based
  • 12.6. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Vertical, 2025-2032
    • 12.6.1. BFSI
    • 12.6.2. IT and Telecom
    • 12.6.3. Retail and Consumer Packaged Goods
    • 12.6.4. Government
    • 12.6.5. Real Estate and Construction
    • 12.6.6. Energy and Utilities
    • 12.6.7. Others
  • 12.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis

13. Competition Landscape

  • 13.1. Market Share Analysis, 2025
  • 13.2. Market Structure
    • 13.2.1. Competition Intensity Mapping By Market
    • 13.2.2. Competition Dashboard
  • 13.3. Company Profiles (Details - Overview, Financials, Strategy, Recent Developments)
    • 13.3.1. ACI Worldwide
      • 13.3.1.1. Overview
      • 13.3.1.2. Segments and Components
      • 13.3.1.3. Key Financials
      • 13.3.1.4. Market Developments
      • 13.3.1.5. Market Strategy
    • 13.3.2. Experian
    • 13.3.3. SecuroNix
    • 13.3.4. Accertify
    • 13.3.5. Feedzai
    • 13.3.6. CaseWare
    • 13.3.7. FRISS
    • 13.3.8. MaxMind
    • 13.3.9. Gurucul
    • 13.3.10. DataVisor
    • 13.3.11. PayPal
    • 13.3.12. Visa
    • 13.3.13. SAS Institute
    • 13.3.14. SAP SE
    • 13.3.15. Microsoft Corporation
    • 13.3.16. F5, Inc.
    • 13.3.17. Ingenico AWS
    • 13.3.18. PerimeterX
    • 13.3.19. OneSpan
    • 13.3.20. Signifyd
    • 13.3.21. Cleafy
    • 13.3.22. Pondera Solutions

14. Appendix

  • 14.1. Research Methodology
  • 14.2. Research Assumptions
  • 14.3. Acronyms and Abbreviations