表紙:言語サービスの世界市場2023-2030
市場調査レポート
商品コード
1296913

言語サービスの世界市場2023-2030

Global Language Services Market 2023-2030

出版日: | 発行: Orion Market Research | ページ情報: 英文 115 Pages | 納期: 2~3営業日

● お客様のご希望に応じて、既存データの加工や未掲載情報(例:国別セグメント)の追加などの対応が可能です。  詳細はお問い合わせください。

価格
価格表記: USDを日本円(税抜)に換算
本日の銀行送金レート: 1USD=158.97円
言語サービスの世界市場2023-2030
出版日: 2023年05月27日
発行: Orion Market Research
ページ情報: 英文 115 Pages
納期: 2~3営業日
  • 全表示
  • 概要
  • 図表
  • 目次
概要

世界の言語サービス市場は、予測期間中にCAGR 6.6%で成長すると予測されています。翻訳・通訳サービスのアウトソーシングの増加が、予測期間中の言語サービス市場の成長を促進すると予想されます。翻訳・通訳サービスのアウトソーシングとは、言語サービスを外部から専門の翻訳会社に調達することを指します。翻訳・通訳サービスのアウトソーシングは、専門的な翻訳を可能にする技術をサポートする充実したインフラを提供するため、言語サービスの成長を助ける。欧州を拠点とする翻訳会社協会が2022年5月に実施した「European Language Industry Survey」によると、欧州では、2022年に言語会社にアウトソーシングされるビジネスの平均(加重)割合は約22.0%で、そのレベルはすべての中小企業でほぼ一貫しています。これは、報告されている2020年の数字18.0%よりはるかに高いです。したがって、翻訳・通訳サービスのアウトソーシングの増加が、言語サービス市場の成長を牽引しています。

技術の進歩は言語サービス市場の主要動向です。同市場の主要プレーヤーは、市場競争力を維持するため、人工知能や機械学習を利用した技術的に高度な製品を開発しています。例えば、2022年10月、米国を拠点とする多国籍テクノロジーコングロマリットであるMeta Inc.は、AIを搭載した不文言語の音声翻訳システムを発表しました。このAIを搭載した音声翻訳システムは、ユニバーサル・スピーチ・トランスレーター(UST)プロジェクトの一環であり、話し言葉でありながら頻繁に書かれない言語も含め、あらゆる言語の音声から音声へのリアルタイム翻訳を可能にするAIシステムの開発を意図しています。このAIシステムは、現実世界とメタバースの両方におけるコミュニケーションと理解を促進するために、言語の障壁を軽減することができます。

セグメント別の展望

翻訳サービスが世界の言語サービス市場で圧倒的なシェアを占めると予想されるサブセグメント

英語以外の言語に対する需要の増加が、翻訳サービス市場の成長を促進すると予想されます。翻訳サービスの範囲は、好みの言語に基づいてクライアントの要求を満たすために拡大しています。米国国勢調査局によると、米国では21.7%の世帯が英語を話せなません。これは5人に1人の割合になります。世界には33億人の多言語使用者がおり、世界人口の43.0%を占めています。したがって、英語以外の言語に対する需要の増加が、翻訳サービス市場の成長を後押ししています。技術の進歩は、翻訳サービスで人気を博している主要動向です。市場で事業を展開する主要企業は、技術的に高度なソリューションの開発に注力しています。例えば、米国を拠点とするテクノロジー企業Google LLCは2022年10月、企業がセルフサービスベースで文書を翻訳できる新しいクラウドサービス「Translation Hub」を開始しました。

地域別展望

北米地域が世界の言語サービス市場で大きなシェアを占めると予測

北米は、地域の多様性が増していることから、予測期間中、他の地域市場の中でも引き続き大きな収益シェアを占めると予想されます。米国国勢調査局によると、米国では350以上の言語が話されています。また、移民の増加によりアジア人口も増加しており、これが市場成長をさらに後押しします。同市場のプレーヤーは、M&Aや研究開発の強化、新製品の発売など、さまざまな取り組みを通じて競合強化を図っています。例えば、2022年5月、カリフォルニア州サンディエゴに本社を置くインタープリターズ・アンリミテッドは、言語サービスを予約するためのモバイルアプリ「New Interpreter Services」を発表しました。このアプリは、バックエンドにIU独自の自動スケジューリングシステムを使用しており、数分以内に言語スペシャリストを予約することができます。予約管理はすべてアプリ内で完結します。

目次

第1章 レポート概要

  • 業界の現状分析と成長ポテンシャルの展望
  • 調査方法とツール
  • 市場内訳
    • セグメント別
    • 地域別

第2章 市場概要と洞察

  • 調査範囲
  • アナリストの洞察と現在の市場動向
    • 主な調査結果
    • 推奨事項
    • 結論

第3章 競合情勢

  • 主要企業分析
  • Atlas Language Services Inc.
    • 概要
    • 財務分析
    • SWOT分析
    • 最近の動向
  • Lionbridge Technologies Inc.
    • 会社概要
    • 財務分析
    • SWOT分析
    • 最近の動向
  • RWS Holdings PLC
    • 概要
    • 財務分析
    • SWOT分析
    • 最近の動向
  • Semantix
    • 概要
    • 財務分析
    • SWOT分析
    • 最近の動向
  • 主要戦略分析

第4章 市場セグメンテーション

  • 言語サービスの世界市場:タイプ別
    • 翻訳サービス
    • ローカリゼーションサービス
    • 通訳サービス
  • 言語サービスの世界市場:コンポーネント別
    • ソフトウェア
    • ハードウェア
  • 言語サービスの世界市場:エンドユーザー別
    • BFSI
    • ITおよびテレコム
    • メディア・エンターテイメント
    • 小売・eコマース
    • ヘルスケア
    • 政府機関
    • 教育
    • 旅行・運輸

第5章 地域分析

  • 北米
    • 米国
    • カナダ
  • 欧州
    • 英国
    • ドイツ
    • イタリア
    • スペイン
    • フランス
    • その他欧州
  • アジア太平洋
    • 中国
    • インド
    • 日本
    • 韓国
    • その他アジア太平洋地域
  • 世界のその他の地域

第6章 企業プロファイル

  • Acolad.
  • CyraCom International, Inc.
  • Global Linguist Solutions LLC
  • Hogarth Worldwide Ltd
  • Keywords Studios Plc
  • Honyaku Center Inc.
  • Iyuno
  • PIXELOGIC MEDIA PARTNERS LLC.
  • PTSGI, Inc.
  • STAR Group
  • thebigword Group Ltd
  • TransPerfect
  • United Language Group
  • Voice and Script International Ltd.
  • Welocalize Inc.
図表

LIST OF TABLES

  • 1. GLOBAL LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY TYPE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 2. GLOBAL TRANSLATION SERVICES MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 3. GLOBAL LOCALIZATION SERVICES MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 4. GLOBAL INTERPRETING SERVICES MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 5. GLOBAL LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY COMPONENT, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 6. GLOBAL LANGUAGE SERVICES SOFTWARE MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 7. GLOBAL LANGUAGE SERVICES HARDWARE MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 8. GLOBAL LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY END-USER, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 9. GLOBAL LANGUAGE SERVICES FOR BFSI MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 10. GLOBAL LANGUAGE SERVICES FOR IT AND TELECOM MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 11. GLOBAL LANGUAGE SERVICES FOR MEDIA AND ENTERTAINMENT MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 12. GLOBAL LANGUAGE SERVICES FOR RETAIL AND E-COMMERCE MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 13. GLOBAL LANGUAGE SERVICES FOR HEALTHCARE MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 14. GLOBAL LANGUAGE SERVICES FOR GOVERNMENT MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 15. GLOBAL LANGUAGE SERVICES FOR EDUCATION MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 16. GLOBAL LANGUAGE SERVICES FOR TRAVEL AND TRANSPORT MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 17. GLOBAL LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 18. NORTH AMERICAN LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY COUNTRY, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 19. NORTH AMERICAN LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY TYPE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 20. NORTH AMERICAN LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY COMPONENT, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 21. NORTH AMERICAN LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY END-USER, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 22. EUROPEAN LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY COUNTRY, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 23. EUROPEAN LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY TYPE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 24. EUROPEAN LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY COMPONENT, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 25. EUROPEAN LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY END-USER, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 26. ASIA-PACIFIC LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY COUNTRY, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 27. ASIA-PACIFIC LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY TYPE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 28. ASIA-PACIFIC LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY COMPONENT, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 29. ASIA-PACIFIC LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY END-USER, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 30. REST OF THE WORLD LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY COUNTRY, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 31. REST OF THE WORLD LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY TYPE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 32. REST OF THE WORLD LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY COMPONENT, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 33. REST OF THE WORLD LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY END-USER, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)

LIST OF FIGURES

  • 1. GLOBAL LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET SHARE BY TYPE, 2022 VS 2030 (%)
  • 2. GLOBAL TRANSLATION SERVICES MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2022 VS 2030 (%)
  • 3. GLOBAL LOCALIZATION SERVICES MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2022 VS 2030 (%)

4. GLOBAL INTERPRETING SERVICES MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2022 VS 2030(%

  • 5. GLOBAL LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET SHARE BY COMPONENT, 2022 VS 2030 (%)
  • 6. GLOBAL LANGUAGE SERVICES SOFTWARE MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2022 VS 2030 (%)
  • 7. GLOBAL LANGUAGE SERVICES HARDWARE MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2022 VS 2030 (%)
  • 8. GLOBAL LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET SHARE BY END-USER, 2022 VS 2030 (%)
  • 9. GLOBAL LANGUAGE SERVICES FOR BFSI MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2022 VS 2030 (%)
  • 10. GLOBAL LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET FOR IT AND TELECOM MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2022 VS 2030 (%)
  • 11. GLOBAL LANGUAGE SERVICES FOR MEDIA AND ENTERTAINMENT MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2022 VS 2030 (%)
  • 12. GLOBAL LANGUAGE SERVICES FOR RETAIL AND E-COMMERCE MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2022 VS 2030 (%)
  • 13. GLOBAL LANGUAGE SERVICES FOR HEALTHCARE MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2022 VS 2030 (%)
  • 14. GLOBAL LANGUAGE SERVICES FOR GOVERNMENT MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2022 VS 2030 (%)
  • 15. GLOBAL LANGUAGE SERVICES FOR EDUCATION MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2022 VS 2030 (%)
  • 16. GLOBAL LANGUAGE SERVICES FOR TRAVEL AND TRANSPORT MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2022 VS 2030 (%)
  • 17. GLOBAL LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2022 VS 2030 (%)
  • 18. US LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET SIZE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 19. CANADA LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET SIZE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 20. UK LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET SIZE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 21. FRANCE LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET SIZE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 22. GERMANY LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET SIZE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 23. ITALY LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET SIZE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 24. SPAIN LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET SIZE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 25. REST OF EUROPE LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET SIZE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 26. INDIA LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET SIZE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 27. CHINA LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET SIZE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 28. JAPAN LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET SIZE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 29. SOUTH KOREA LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET SIZE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 30. REST OF ASIA-PACIFIC LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET SIZE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 31. REST OF THE WORLD LANGUAGE SERVICES MARKET SIZE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
目次
Product Code: OMR2027403

Title: Global Language Services Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report by Type (Translation Services, Localization Services, and Interpreting Services), by Component (Software and Hardware), by end-user (BFSI, IT and Telecom, Media and Entertainment, Retail and E-Commerce, Healthcare, Government, Education, Travel and Transport) Forecast Period (2023-2030).

The global language services market is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 6.6% during the forecast period. An increase in the outsourcing of translation and interpreting services is expected to propel the growth of the language services market over the forecast period. The outsourcing of translation and interpretation services refers to procuring language services from outside sources to a professional translation agency. Outsourcing of translation and interpretation services aids in the growth of language services as it offers substantial infrastructure, to support the technologies that make professional translation feasible. According to the European Language Industry Survey, conducted by a Europe-based association of translation companies, in May 2022, in Europe, the average (weighted) percentage of business that is outsourced to language companies is around 22.0% in 2022, with levels that are largely consistent across all small and medium-sized businesses. This is much higher than the reported 2020 figure of 18.0%. Therefore, an increase in the outsourcing of translation and interpretation services is driving the growth of the language services market.

Technological advancement is a key trend in the language services market. Major players in the market are creating technologically advanced products using artificial intelligence and machine learning to stay competitive in the market. For instance, in October 2022, Meta Inc., a US-based multinational technology conglomerate, launched an AI-powered speech translation system for an unwritten language. The AI-powered speech translation system is a part of the universal speech translator (UST) project which intends to develop AI systems that enable real-time translation from speech to speech in all languages, including those that are spoken but not frequently written. This AI system can reduce language barriers to promote communication and understanding in both the real world and the metaverse.

Segmental Outlook

The global language services market is segmented based on type, component, and by end-user. Based on type, the market is bifurcated into translation services, localization services, and interpreting services. By component, the market is bifurcated into software and hardware. Further, by end-user, the market is sub-segmented into BFSI, IT and Telecom, media and entertainment, retail and e-commerce, healthcare, and government. Among these, the IT and Telecom sub-segment accounted for the dominant share of the market during the forecast period. This can be attributed to the rapid advancements in the IT and telecommunication industry leading to software development for accurate translation and interpretation results.

Translation Services Sub-Segment is Anticipated to Hold a Prominent Share of the Global Language Services Market

An increase in demand for non-English languages is expected to propel the growth of the translation services market. The range of translation services is expanding to meet client demands based on preferred languages. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in the US, 21.7% of households do not speak English. This translates to one in every five people. There are 3.3 billion multilingual people in the globe, accounting for 43.0% of the global population. Therefore, the increasing demand for non-English languages is driving the growth of the translation services market. Technological advancements are the key trend gaining popularity in the translation services. Major companies operating in the market are focusing on developing technologically advanced solutions. For instance, in October 2022, Google LLC, a US-based technology company launched Translation Hub, a new cloud service that allows companies to translate documents on a self-service basis.

Regional Outlook

The global language services market is further segmented based on geography including North America (the US and Canada), Europe (UK, Italy, Spain, Germany, France, and Others), Asia-Pacific (India, China, Japan, South Korea, and Others), and the Rest of the World (the Middle East and Africa, and Latin America). Among these, the Asia-Pacific region is projected to expand at a significant CAGR during the forecast period, due to the increasing demand for foreign language skills in countries such as China and India.

Global Language Services Market Growth, by Region 2023-2030

Source: OMR Analysis

The North American Region is Anticipated to Hold a Significant Share of the Global Language Services Market

North America is expected to continue to account for a larger revenue share among other regional markets during the forecast period due to the increasing diversity in the region. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, more than 350 languages are spoken in the US. The Asian population is also rising owing to the increased immigration which will further drive the market growth. The players in the market are looking to strengthen their competitiveness through various efforts such as merger and acquisitions, increased R&D, and new product launches. For instance, in May 2022, Interpreters Unlimited headquartered in San Diego, California introduced a mobile app called New Interpreter Services for booking language services. The app uses IU's proprietary auto-scheduling system on the back end which can book a linguist within minutes. All appointment management is handled completely inside the app.

Market Players Outlook

The major companies serving the global language services market include Atlas Language Services Inc., Lionbridge Technologies Inc., RWS Holdings PLC, and Semantix. The market players are considerably contributing to the market growth by the adoption of various strategies including mergers and acquisitions, partnerships, funding, collaborations, and new product launches to stay competitive in the market. For instance, in August 2022, Telelanguage, a Portland-based industry language service provider specializing in remote interpreting, was acquired by Propio Language Services (Propio), a technology-enabled interpreting and translation service supplier. Propio joined the top five global remote interpreting companies in terms of volume with this acquisition. In April 2022, a leading global language services company, BIG Language Solutions, announced the purchase of Milan-based Lawlinguists, a provider of legal translation services. The purchase allowed BIG's European footprint to include Italy, Germany, and Spain, giving its clients access to legal translation services, tools, and technology.

The Report Covers:

  • Market value data analysis of 2022 and forecast to 2030.
  • Annualized market revenues ($ million) for each market segment.
  • Country-wise analysis of major geographical regions.
  • Key companies operating in the global language services market. Based on the availability of data, information related to new product launches, and relevant news is also available in the report.
  • Analysis of business strategies by identifying the key market segments positioned for strong growth in the future.
  • Analysis of market-entry and market expansion strategies.
  • Competitive strategies by identifying 'who-stands-where' in the market.

Table of Contents

1. Report Summary

  • Current Industry Analysis and Growth Potential Outlook
  • 1.1. Research Methods and Tools
  • 1.2. Market Breakdown
    • 1.2.1. By Segments
    • 1.2.2. By Region

2. Market Overview and Insights

  • 2.1. Scope of the Report
  • 2.2. Analyst Insight & Current Market Trends
    • 2.2.1. Key Findings
    • 2.2.2. Recommendations
    • 2.2.3. Conclusion

3. Competitive Landscape

  • 3.1. Key Company Analysis
  • 3.2. Atlas Language Services Inc.
    • 3.2.1. Overview
    • 3.2.2. Financial Analysis
    • 3.2.3. SWOT Analysis
    • 3.2.4. Recent Developments
  • 3.3. Lionbridge Technologies Inc.
    • 3.3.1. Overview
    • 3.3.2. Financial Analysis
    • 3.3.3. SWOT Analysis
    • 3.3.4. Recent Developments
  • 3.4. RWS Holdings PLC
    • 3.4.1. Overview
    • 3.4.2. Financial Analysis
    • 3.4.3. SWOT Analysis
    • 3.4.4. Recent Developments
  • 3.5. Semantix
    • 3.5.1. Overview
    • 3.5.2. Financial Analysis
    • 3.5.3. SWOT Analysis
    • 3.5.4. Recent Developments
  • 3.6. Key Strategy Analysis

4. Market Segmentation

  • 4.1. Global Language Services Market by Type
    • 4.1.1. Translation Services
    • 4.1.2. Localization Services
    • 4.1.3. Interpreting Services
  • 4.2. Global Language Services Market by Component
    • 4.2.1. Software
    • 4.2.2. Hardware
  • 4.3. Global Language Services Market by End-User
    • 4.3.1. BFSI
    • 4.3.2. IT and Telecom
    • 4.3.3. Media and Entertainment
    • 4.3.4. Retail and E-commerce
    • 4.3.5. Healthcare
    • 4.3.6. Government
    • 4.3.7. Education
    • 4.3.8. Travel and Transport

5. Regional Analysis

  • 5.1. North America
    • 5.1.1. United States
    • 5.1.2. Canada
  • 5.2. Europe
    • 5.2.1. UK
    • 5.2.2. Germany
    • 5.2.3. Italy
    • 5.2.4. Spain
    • 5.2.5. France
    • 5.2.6. Rest of Europe
  • 5.3. Asia-Pacific
    • 5.3.1. China
    • 5.3.2. India
    • 5.3.3. Japan
    • 5.3.4. South Korea
    • 5.3.5. Rest of Asia-Pacific
  • 5.4. Rest of the World

6. Company Profiles

  • 6.1. Acolad.
  • 6.2. CyraCom International, Inc.
  • 6.3. Global Linguist Solutions LLC
  • 6.4. Hogarth Worldwide Ltd
  • 6.5. Keywords Studios Plc
  • 6.6. Honyaku Center Inc.
  • 6.7. Iyuno
  • 6.8. PIXELOGIC MEDIA PARTNERS LLC.
  • 6.9. PTSGI, Inc.
  • 6.10. STAR Group
  • 6.11. thebigword Group Ltd
  • 6.12. TransPerfect
  • 6.13. United Language Group
  • 6.14. Voice and Script International Ltd.
  • 6.15. Welocalize Inc.