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市場調査レポート
商品コード
1709435

航空機用バッテリーの世界市場:バッテリータイプ別、用途別、エンドユーザー別、地域別、機会、予測、2018年~2032年

Aircraft Battery Market Assessment, By Battery Type, By Application, By End-user, Region, Opportunities and Forecast, 2018-2032F


出版日
ページ情報
英文 221 Pages
納期
3~5営業日
カスタマイズ可能
価格
価格表記: USDを日本円(税抜)に換算
本日の銀行送金レート: 1USD=143.57円
航空機用バッテリーの世界市場:バッテリータイプ別、用途別、エンドユーザー別、地域別、機会、予測、2018年~2032年
出版日: 2025年04月21日
発行: Market Xcel - Markets and Data
ページ情報: 英文 221 Pages
納期: 3~5営業日
GIIご利用のメリット
  • 全表示
  • 概要
  • 図表
  • 目次
概要

世界の航空機用バッテリーの市場規模は、2025年~2032年の予測期間中に10.44%のCAGRで拡大し、2024年の6億5,369万米ドルから2032年には14億4,671万米ドルに成長すると予測されています。電気航空機やハイブリッド電気航空機に向けた動きは、バッテリー技術の進歩と相まって、市場の見通しを再構築しています。高エネルギー密度バッテリーは、推進システムや補助システムをサポートする最新の航空機に不可欠な部品になりつつあります。さらに、無人航空機(UAV)と都市型航空機動(UAM)構想の台頭により、航空機用バッテリーの応用範囲が拡大しています。メーカーや利害関係者が研究開発に投資しているため、市場は継続的な成長を遂げる構えであり、技術の進歩やさまざまな航空分野での採用拡大が特徴となっています。持続可能性と効率性への注目は、市場で新製品を発売する主要な競合企業の間で焦点となっています。

例えば、2025年4月、TotalEnergies SEの子会社であるSaft Groupe SASは、ビジネスジェット機やヘリコプターのバックアップ用および強力なエンジン始動用の新しい28Vリチウムイオンバッテリーを発売しました。この新しいリチウムイオンバッテリーはメンテナンスフリーで、ライバル製品よりも容量が20%大きいです。リチウムイオンバッテリーに変更することで、航空機1機の重量を20~30kg軽くできる可能性があり、CO2排出量や燃料使用量にも貢献します。

当レポートでは、世界の航空機用バッテリー市場について調査し、市場の概要とともに、バッテリータイプ別、用途別、エンドユーザー別、地域別動向、および市場に参入する企業のプロファイルなどを提供しています。

目次

第1章 プロジェクトの範囲と定義

第2章 調査手法

第3章 エグゼクティブサマリー

第4章 お客様の声

第5章 世界の航空機用バッテリー市場の見通し、2018年~2032年

  • 市場規模分析と予測
  • 市場シェア分析と予測
  • 2024年市場マップ分析
    • バッテリータイプ別
    • 用途別
    • エンドユーザー別
    • 地域別

第6章 北米の航空機用バッテリー市場の見通し、2018年~2032年

  • 市場規模分析と予測
  • 市場シェア分析と予測
  • 国別市場評価
    • 米国
    • カナダ

第7章 欧州の航空機用バッテリー市場の見通し、2018年~2032年

  • ドイツ
  • フランス
  • イタリア
  • 英国
  • ロシア
  • その他

第8章 アジア太平洋の航空機用バッテリー市場の見通し、2018年~2032年

  • インド
  • 中国
  • 日本
  • その他

第9章 その他の地域の航空機用バッテリー市場の見通し、2018年~2032年

  • 南米
  • 中東・アフリカ

第10章 バリューチェーン分析

第11章 ポーターのファイブフォース分析

第12章 PESTLE分析

第13章 市場力学

  • 市場の促進要因
  • 市場の課題

第14章 市場動向と発展

第15章 政策と規制状況

第16章 ケーススタディ

第17章 競合情勢

  • 市場リーダートップ5の競合マトリックス
  • 参入企業トップ5のSWOT分析
  • 市場の主要企業トップ10の情勢
    • Saft Groupe SAS
    • Concorde Battery Corporation
    • EnerSys
    • EaglePicher Technologies, LLC
    • GS Yuasa Corporation
    • Electric Power Systems, Inc
    • MGM COMPRO International s. r. o.
    • EarthX
    • True Blue Power (Mid-Continent Instrument Co., Inc.)
    • E-One Moli Energy Corp.

第18章 戦略的提言

第19章 調査会社について・免責事項

図表

List of Tables

  • Table 1. Competition Matrix of Top 5 Market Leaders
  • Table 2. Mergers & Acquisitions/ Joint Ventures (If Applicable)
  • Table 3. About Us - Regions and Countries Where We Have Executed Client Projects

List of Figures

  • Figure 1. Global Aircraft Battery Market, By Value, In USD Billion, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 2. Global Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Battery Type, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 3. Global Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Application, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 4. Global Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By End-user, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 5. Global Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Region, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 6. North America Aircraft Battery Market, By Value, In USD Billion, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 7. North America Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Battery Type, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 8. North America Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Application, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 9. North America Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By End-user, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 10. North America Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Country, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 11. United States Aircraft Battery Market, By Value, In USD Billion, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 12. United States Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Battery Type, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 13. United States Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Application, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 14. United States Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By End-user, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 15. Canada Aircraft Battery Market, By Value, In USD Billion, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 16. Canada Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Battery Type, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 17. Canada Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Application, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 18. Canada Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By End-user, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 19. Europe Aircraft Battery Market, By Value, In USD Billion, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 20. Europe Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Battery Type, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 21. Europe Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Application, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 22. Europe Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By End-user, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 23. Europe Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Country, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 24. Germany Aircraft Battery Market, By Value, In USD Billion, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 25. Germany Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Battery Type, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 26. Germany Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Application, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 27. Germany Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By End-user, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 28. France Aircraft Battery Market, By Value, In USD Billion, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 29. France Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Battery Type, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 30. France Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Application, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 31. France Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By End-user, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 32. Italy Aircraft Battery Market, By Value, In USD Billion, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 33. Italy Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Battery Type, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 34. Italy Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Application, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 35. Italy Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By End-user, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 36. United Kingdom Aircraft Battery Market, By Value, In USD Billion, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 37. United Kingdom Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Battery Type, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 38. United Kingdom Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Application, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 39. United Kingdom Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By End-user, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 40. Russia Aircraft Battery Market, By Value, In USD Billion, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 41. Russia Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Battery Type, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 42. Russia Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Application, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 43. Russia Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By End-user, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 44. Rest of Europe Aircraft Battery Market, By Value, In USD Billion, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 45. Rest of Europe Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Battery Type, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 46. Rest of Europe Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Application, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 47. Rest of Europe Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By End-user, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 48. Asia-Pacific Aircraft Battery Market, By Value, In USD Billion, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 49. Asia-Pacific Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Battery Type, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 50. Asia-Pacific Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Application, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 51. Asia-Pacific Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By End-user, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 52. Asia-Pacific Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Country, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 53. India Aircraft Battery Market, By Value, In USD Billion, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 54. India Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Battery Type, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 55. India Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Application, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 56. India Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By End-user, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 57. China Aircraft Battery Market, By Value, In USD Billion, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 58. China Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Battery Type, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 59. China Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Application, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 60. China Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By End-user, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 61. Japan Aircraft Battery Market, By Value, In USD Billion, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 62. Japan Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Battery Type, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 63. Japan Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Application, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 64. Japan Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By End-user, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 65. Rest of Asia-Pacific Aircraft Battery Market, By Value, In USD Billion, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 66. Rest of Asia-Pacific Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Battery Type, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 67. Rest of Asia-Pacific Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Application, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 68. Rest of Asia-Pacific Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By End-user, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 69. South America Aircraft Battery Market, By Value, In USD Billion, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 70. South America Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Battery Type, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 71. South America Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Application, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 72. South America Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By End-user, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 73. South America Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Country, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 74. Middle East & Africa Aircraft Battery Market, By Value, In USD Billion, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 75. Middle East & Africa Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Battery Type, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 76. Middle East & Africa Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Application, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 77. Middle East & Africa Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By End-user, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 78. Middle East & Africa Aircraft Battery Market Share (%), By Country, 2018-2032F
  • Figure 79. By Battery Type Map-Market Size (USD Billion) & Growth Rate (%), 2024
  • Figure 80. By Application Map-Market Size (USD Billion) & Growth Rate (%), 2024
  • Figure 81. By End-user Map-Market Size (USD Billion) & Growth Rate (%), 2024
  • Figure 82. By Region Map-Market Size (USD Billion) & Growth Rate (%), 2024
目次
Product Code: MX12983

Global aircraft battery market is projected to witness a CAGR of 10.44% during the forecast period 2025-2032, growing from USD 653.69 million in 2024 to USD 1446.71 million in 2032F owing to the aviation industry's transformation and experimentation with sustainability and innovation. The push towards electric and hybrid-electric aircraft, coupled with advancements in battery technology, is reshaping the market landscape. High-energy-density batteries are becoming essential components in modern aircraft, supporting propulsion and auxiliary systems. Furthermore, the rise of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Urban Air Mobility (UAM) initiatives is expanding the application scope of aircraft batteries. As manufacturers and stakeholders invest in research and development, the market is poised for continued growth, characterized by technological advancements and increased adoption across various aviation segments. The focus on sustainability and efficiency is a focus among the key competitors as they launch new products in the market.

For instance, in April 2025, Saft Groupe SAS, a subsidiary of TotalEnergies SE, launched a new 28V lithium-ion battery for backup and powerful engines starting for business jets and helicopters. The new lithium-ion battery is maintenance-free and has a 20% greater capacity than its rivals. A single aircraft's weight might be lowered by 20 to 30 kg by converting to lithium-ion batteries, which would also benefit CO2 emissions and fuel usage.

Electrification in Aviation to Fuel the Aircraft Battery Market

The global aircraft battery market growth is directly proportional due to the aviation industry's shift towards electrification. Electric and hybrid-electric aircraft are increasingly being developed to reduce carbon emissions and improve fuel efficiency. This transition necessitates advanced battery systems capable of powering electric propulsion and onboard systems. Hence, there is a growing demand for high-performance batteries that meet modern aircraft's stringent requirements.

Technological advancements in battery chemistry and design are driving the aircraft battery market forward. The development of high-energy-density batteries, such as lithium-ion and lithium-metal variants, offers improved performance, reduced weight, and enhanced safety. These innovations are critical for supporting the power needs of next-generation aircraft, including electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) vehicles and unmanned aerial systems.

For instance, in October 2024, T-DRONES launched new batteries for long-endurance UAVs. The UAV batteries produced by T-DRONES are more compact and lightweight, featuring a low discharge rate and enhanced lifespan. These batteries can endure over 500 complete charges and discharge cycles during their entire operational life. Furthermore, they continue to retain high capacity and efficiency even after numerous cycles.

Urban Air Mobility to Transform the Global Aircraft Battery Market

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is emerging as a transformative concept in the aviation industry, aiming to alleviate urban congestion by deploying eVTOL aircraft. These aircraft rely heavily on advanced battery systems for propulsion and operational efficiency. Therefore, the growing interest and investment in UAM projects are fostering the development and adoption of high-performance aircraft batteries. Moreover, advancements in battery technology, such as solid-state designs with higher energy density and improved thermal stability, are addressing critical challenges like endurance and reliability. These innovations are pivotal in enabling longer flight times and ensuring sustainable urban transportation solutions.

For instance, in November 2024, Guangzhou EHang Intelligent Technology Co. Ltd developed its high-energy solid-state battery technology in collaboration with the Low-Altitude Economy Battery Research Institute of the Hefei International Advanced Technology Application Promotion Center and Shenzhen Inx Energy Technology Co., Ltd. With the integration of this solid-state battery, the EH216-S successfully conducted a continuous flight test lasting 48 minutes and 10 seconds. This advancement caters to various flight needs and enhances flight endurance by 60% to 90%.

OEM Segment Leads in the Aircraft Battery Market with Higher Market Share

The original equipment manufacturer (OEM) end-user segment leads the aircraft battery market due to its pivotal role in integrating advanced battery systems into new aircraft designs. This dominance is driven by increasing demand for commercial and defense aircraft, as well as emerging platforms like UAMs and UAVs. OEMs benefit from advancements in lithium-ion and solid-state battery technologies, which enhance energy density, safety, and lifecycle performance. Additionally, OEMs collaborate closely with battery manufacturers to meet stringent regulatory standards and ensure reliability across diverse operating conditions. Their focus on innovation and sustainability aligns with the industry's shift toward hybrid-electric and fully electric aircraft, further cementing their leadership in the market. This strategic position enables OEMs to drive growth while meeting evolving aviation demands.

North America Leads the Aircraft Battery Market with Higher Number of Industry Players

North America holds a prominent position in the global aircraft battery market, driven by robust research and development activities and the presence of key industry players. The region's focus on advancing electric and hybrid-electric aircraft technologies has spurred significant investments in battery innovation. Collaborations between aerospace companies and battery manufacturers are fostering the development of high-performance, aviation-specific battery systems. Furthermore, supportive regulatory frameworks and government initiatives aimed at promoting sustainable aviation are contributing to market growth. As a result, North America continues to lead in the adoption and advancement of aircraft battery technologies.

For instance, in September 2023, magniX USA, Inc. launched Samson batteries, specially designed for the aerospace industry. Key Features include a high energy density tailored for the aviation sector, proprietary safety technology, and a design refined for certification purposes. This battery has the capability of exceeding 1,000 complete discharge cycles, thereby minimizing operational expenses. Engineered for seamless integration, these batteries are perfectly suited for powering helicopters and eVTOLs, and they are applicable in other fields, such as marine vessel operations.

Future Market Scenario (2025-2032F)

The adoption of solid-state battery technology is likely to enhance energy density and safety in aircraft applications.

Implementing battery swapping systems are expected to reduce turnaround times for electric aircraft.

Advancements in fast-charging technologies could enable rapid recharging of aircraft batteries, improving operational efficiency.

Establishing comprehensive recycling initiatives are likely to be projected to address environmental concerns associated with battery disposal.

Key Players Landscape and Outlook

Key players in the aircraft battery market employ a range of strategies to maintain competitiveness and drive growth. These include heavy investments in research and development to innovate battery technologies, such as lithium-ion and solid-state batteries with higher energy density, longer lifespans, and enhanced safety features. Strategic collaborations and partnerships are crucial to meeting stringent regulatory standards and accelerating product development. Players focus on developing lightweight and compact batteries to optimize aircraft performance and reduce fuel consumption. Additionally, they prioritize creating reliable power systems for critical applications like avionics and emergency systems. Companies also collaborate and deliver specific battery technologies for clients with custom requirements.

For instance, in September 2023, EaglePicher Technologies, LLC was awarded by Saab to design and develop a 24-volt lithium-ion battery for the Gripen E-series fighter aircraft. The newly introduced 24-volt, 36 amp-hour lithium-ion main and emergency batteries enhance redundancy and strengthen the Gripen E-series. These batteries supply power to avionics and weapon systems, providing improved, immediate power for engine start during harsh weather operations.

Table of Contents

1. Project Scope and Definitions

2. Research Methodology

3. Executive Summary

4. Voice of Customers

  • 4.1. Product and Market Intelligence
  • 4.2. Brand Awareness
  • 4.3. Factors Considered in Purchase Decisions
    • 4.3.1. Performance Requirements
    • 4.3.2. Battery Chemistry
    • 4.3.3. Supplier Support
  • 4.4. Consideration of Regulations

5. Global Aircraft Battery Market Outlook, 2018-2032F

  • 5.1. Market Size Analysis & Forecast
    • 5.1.1. By Value
  • 5.2. Market Share Analysis & Forecast
    • 5.2.1. By Battery Type
      • 5.2.1.1. Lead Acid Battery
      • 5.2.1.2. Nickel Cadmium Battery
      • 5.2.1.3. Lithium-ion Battery
    • 5.2.2. By Application
      • 5.2.2.1. Commercial Aircraft
      • 5.2.2.2. Military Aircraft
      • 5.2.2.3. Business and General Aviation Aircraft
      • 5.2.2.4. UAV
    • 5.2.3. By End-user
      • 5.2.3.1. OEM
      • 5.2.3.2. Aftermarket
    • 5.2.4. By Region
      • 5.2.4.1. North America
      • 5.2.4.2. Europe
      • 5.2.4.3. Asia-Pacific
      • 5.2.4.4. Rest of the World
    • 5.2.5. By Company Market Share Analysis (Top 5 Companies and Others - By Value, 2024)
  • 5.3. Market Map Analysis, 2024
    • 5.3.1. By Battery Type
    • 5.3.2. By Application
    • 5.3.3. By End-user
    • 5.3.4. By Region

6. North America Aircraft Battery Market Outlook, 2018-2032F

  • 6.1. Market Size Analysis & Forecast
    • 6.1.1. By Value
  • 6.2. Market Share Analysis & Forecast
    • 6.2.1. By Battery Type
      • 6.2.1.1. Lead Acid Battery
      • 6.2.1.2. Nickel Cadmium Battery
      • 6.2.1.3. Lithium-ion Battery
    • 6.2.2. By Application
      • 6.2.2.1. Commercial Aircraft
      • 6.2.2.2. Military Aircraft
      • 6.2.2.3. Business and General Aviation Aircraft
      • 6.2.2.4. UAV
    • 6.2.3. By End-user
      • 6.2.3.1. OEM
      • 6.2.3.2. Aftermarket
    • 6.2.4. By Country Share
      • 6.2.4.1. United States
      • 6.2.4.2. Canada
  • 6.3. Country Market Assessment
    • 6.3.1. United States Aircraft Battery Market Outlook, 2018-2032F*
      • 6.3.1.1. Market Size Analysis & Forecast
        • 6.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.1.2. Market Share Analysis & Forecast
        • 6.3.1.2.1. By Battery Type
          • 6.3.1.2.1.1. Lead Acid Battery
          • 6.3.1.2.1.2. Nickel Cadmium Battery
          • 6.3.1.2.1.3. Lithium-ion Battery
        • 6.3.1.2.2. By Application
          • 6.3.1.2.2.1. Commercial Aircraft
          • 6.3.1.2.2.2. Military Aircraft
          • 6.3.1.2.2.3. Business and General Aviation Aircraft
          • 6.3.1.2.2.4. UAV
        • 6.3.1.2.3. By End-user
          • 6.3.1.2.3.1. OEM
          • 6.3.1.2.3.2. Aftermarket
    • 6.3.2. Canada

All segments will be provided for all regions and countries covered

7. Europe Aircraft Battery Market Outlook, 2018-2032F

  • 7.1. Germany
  • 7.2. France
  • 7.3. Italy
  • 7.4. United Kingdom
  • 7.5. Russia
  • 7.6. Rest of Europe

8. Asia-Pacific Aircraft Battery Market Outlook, 2018-2032F

  • 8.1. India
  • 8.2. China
  • 8.3. Japan
  • 8.4. Rest of Asia-Pacific

9. Rest of the World Aircraft Battery Market Outlook, 2018-2032F

  • 9.1. South America
  • 9.2. Middle East and Africa

10. Value Chain Analysis

11. Porter's Five Forces Analysis

12. PESTLE Analysis

13. Market Dynamics

  • 13.1. Market Drivers
  • 13.2. Market Challenges

14. Market Trends and Developments

15. Policy and Regulatory Landscape

16. Case Studies

17. Competitive Landscape

  • 17.1. Competition Matrix of Top 5 Market Leaders
  • 17.2. SWOT Analysis for Top 5 Players
  • 17.3. Key Players Landscape for Top 10 Market Players
    • 17.3.1. Saft Groupe SAS
      • 17.3.1.1. Company Details
      • 17.3.1.2. Key Management Personnel
      • 17.3.1.3. Products and Services
      • 17.3.1.4. Financials (As Reported)
      • 17.3.1.5. Key Market Focus and Geographical Presence
      • 17.3.1.6. Recent Developments/Collaborations/Partnerships/Mergers and Acquisition
    • 17.3.2. Concorde Battery Corporation
    • 17.3.3. EnerSys
    • 17.3.4. EaglePicher Technologies, LLC
    • 17.3.5. GS Yuasa Corporation
    • 17.3.6. Electric Power Systems, Inc
    • 17.3.7. MGM COMPRO International s. r. o.
    • 17.3.8. EarthX
    • 17.3.9. True Blue Power (Mid-Continent Instrument Co., Inc.)
    • 17.3.10. E-One Moli Energy Corp.

Companies mentioned above DO NOT hold any order as per market share and can be changed as per information available during research work.

18. Strategic Recommendations

19. About Us and Disclaimer