Product Code: MM 9450
The global expandable graphite market is projected to grow from USD 0.29 billion in 2025 to USD 0.42 billion by 2030, at a CAGR of 7.4% during the forecast period. The growing demand for effective thermal management in contemporary electronics and energy storage systems is a key factor driving the expansion of the expandable graphite market. As devices and batteries become increasingly compact and powerful, managing excess heat is essential for ensuring optimal performance and safety.
Scope of the Report |
Years Considered for the Study | 2020-2030 |
Base Year | 2024 |
Forecast Period | 2025-2030 |
Units Considered | Value (USD Million) and Volume (Tons) |
Segments | Flake Size, Application, and End-use Industry |
Regions covered | North America, Asia Pacific, Europe, Middle East & Africa, and South America |
Expandable graphite provides exceptional thermal conductivity and high-temperature stability, making it a highly valuable conductive additive in applications such as lithium-ion batteries, fuel cells, and various thermal interface materials. Furthermore, the ongoing transition toward electric vehicles and energy-efficient electronics amplifies the need for reliable and environmentally friendly thermal management solutions, elevating the significance of expandable graphite within these sectors.
"Flexible graphite segment to account for second-largest market share during forecast period"
The flexible graphite segment is anticipated to capture the second-largest market share, in terms of volume, within the expandable graphite sector during the forecast period. This growth is primarily fueled by the increasing demand for durable, heat-resistant, and corrosion-resistant sealing and gasketing materials across diverse industries. Flexible graphite, which is derived from expandable graphite, finds extensive application in gaskets, seals, and linings in industrial manufacturing, chemical processing, and power generation due to its exceptional resilience in high-temperature and chemically aggressive environments. Its adaptability, reliability, and environmental compatibility position it as a preferred alternative to traditional sealing materials, particularly as industries increasingly prioritize sustainable and high-performance solutions.
"Medium & large flakes segment to account for second-largest market share during forecast period"
The medium & large flake segment is anticipated to maintain the second-largest market share during the forecast period. These flake sizes are highly regarded for their balanced properties, which provide optimal expansion volume and exceptional purity, making them ideal for diverse applications. Medium and large flake expandable graphite is predominantly utilized in flame retardants, flexible graphite products, and thermal management materials, where moderate expansion and uniformity are crucial. The versatility of these flake sizes enables them to meet the stringent technical requirements of key industries, including building and construction, automotive, and electronics, all of which are experiencing steady global growth. As demand for efficient and multifunctional materials continues to rise across various end-use sectors, medium & large flake expandable graphite is positioned to secure a significant market share.
"Europe to account for second-largest market share during forecast period"
The Europe segment is projected to maintain the second-largest share of the expandable graphite market during the forecast period, driven by the region's strong commitment to fire safety regulations, sustainability standards, and energy efficiency initiatives. Expandable graphite is increasingly utilized as a non-toxic flame retardant in construction materials, aligning with Europe's stringent fire protection standards, particularly in residential and commercial sectors.
Additionally, its applications in thermal management systems, gaskets, and fuel cell components are gaining momentum within the region's advanced automotive, aerospace, and electronics industries. The ongoing investments by European countries in renewable energy and electric vehicles further amplify the demand for high-performance, environmentally friendly materials such as expandable graphite. With rising industrial demand and a robust regulatory framework promoting the adoption of sustainable materials, Europe is poised to be a significant contributor to the global expandable graphite market.
Profile break-up of primary participants for the report:
- By Company Type: Tier 1 - 65%, Tier 2 - 20%, and Tier 3 - 15%
- By Designation: Directors- 25%, Managers- 30%, and Others - 45%
- By Region: North America - 30%, Asia Pacific - 40%, Europe - 20%, Middle East & Africa - 7%, and South America - 3%
SGL Carbon (Germany), NeoGraf (US), Yichang Xincheng Graphite Co., Ltd. (China), Graphit Kropfmuhl GmbH (Germany), Nacional de Grafite (Brazil), and Qingdao Xinghe Graphite Co., Ltd. (China) are some of the major players operating in the expandable graphite market. These players have adopted acquisitions, agreements, and expansion to increase their market share and business revenue.
Research Coverage:
The report defines, segments, and projects the expandable graphite market based on flake size, end-use industry, application, and region. It provides detailed information regarding the major factors influencing the market's growth, such as drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges. It strategically profiles expandable graphite manufacturers, comprehensively analyzing their market shares and core competencies, and tracks and analyzes competitive developments, such as partnerships, agreements, product launches, and joint ventures.
Reasons to Buy the Report:
The report is expected to help the market leaders/new entrants by providing them with the closest approximations of revenue numbers of the expandable graphite market and its segments. This report is also expected to help stakeholders understand the market's competitive landscape better, gain insights to improve the position of their businesses, and make suitable go-to-market strategies. It also enables stakeholders to understand the market's pulse and provides information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.
The report provides insights into the following points:
- Analysis of critical drivers (Surge in demand due to stringent fire safety regulations in residential, commercial, and industrial infrastructure; increasing demand for energy-efficient building materials; and growing demand for non-halogenated flame retardants), restraints (Safety concerns during production process), opportunities (Increasing bans on hazardous fire-resistance materials), and challenges (Supply chain disruptions and geopolitical risks) influencing the growth of the expandable graphite market.
- Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on upcoming technologies, research & development activities in the expandable graphite market.
- Market Development: Comprehensive information about lucrative markets - the report analyses the expandable graphite market across varied regions.
- Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about new products, various types, untapped geographies, recent developments, and investments in the expandable graphite market.
- Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market shares, growth strategies, and product offerings of leading players such as SGL Carbon (Germany), NeoGraf (US), Yichang Xincheng Graphite Co., Ltd. (China), Graphit Kropfmuhl GmbH (Germany), Nacional de Grafite (Brazil), Qingdao Xinghe Graphite Co., Ltd. (China), and others in the expandable graphite market.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES
- 1.2 MARKET DEFINITION
- 1.3 STUDY SCOPE
- 1.3.1 MARKETS COVERED AND REGIONAL SCOPE
- 1.3.2 INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS
- 1.3.3 YEARS CONSIDERED
- 1.3.4 CURRENCY CONSIDERED
- 1.3.5 UNIT CONSIDERED
- 1.4 LIMITATIONS
- 1.5 STAKEHOLDERS
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 2.1 RESEARCH DATA
- 2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA
- 2.1.1.1 List of key secondary sources
- 2.1.1.2 Key data from secondary sources
- 2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA
- 2.1.2.1 Key data from primary sources
- 2.1.2.2 List of primary interview participants-demand and supply side
- 2.1.2.3 Key industry insights
- 2.1.2.4 Breakdown of interviews with experts
- 2.2 DEMAND-SIDE ANALYSIS
- 2.3 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION
- 2.3.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH
- 2.3.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH
- 2.4 SUPPLY-SIDE ANALYSIS
- 2.4.1 CALCULATIONS FOR SUPPLY-SIDE ANALYSIS
- 2.5 GROWTH FORECAST
- 2.6 DATA TRIANGULATION
- 2.7 FACTOR ANALYSIS
- 2.8 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS
- 2.9 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS
- 2.10 RISK ASSESSMENT
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS
- 4.1 ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN EXPANDABLE GRAPHITE MARKET
- 4.2 EXPANDABLE GRAPHITE MARKET, BY REGION
- 4.3 EXPANDABLE GRAPHITE MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY
- 4.4 EXPANDABLE GRAPHITE MARKET, BY APPLICATION
- 4.5 EXPANDABLE GRAPHITE MARKET, BY FLAKE SIZE
- 4.6 EXPANDABLE GRAPHITE MARKET, BY KEY COUNTRY
5 MARKET OVERVIEW
- 5.1 INTRODUCTION
- 5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS
- 5.2.1 DRIVERS
- 5.2.1.1 Surge in demand due to stringent fire safety regulations in residential, commercial, and industrial infrastructure
- 5.2.1.2 Increasing demand for energy-efficient building materials
- 5.2.1.3 Growing demand for non-halogenated flame retardants
- 5.2.2 RESTRAINTS
- 5.2.2.1 Safety concerns during production process
- 5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES
- 5.2.3.1 Increasing bans on hazardous fire-resistant materials
- 5.2.4 CHALLENGES
- 5.2.4.1 Supply chain disruptions and geopolitical risks
6 INDUSTRY TRENDS
- 6.1 GLOBAL MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK
- 6.2 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
- 6.3 ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
- 6.4 PORTER'S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
- 6.4.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS
- 6.4.2 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES
- 6.4.3 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS
- 6.4.4 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS
- 6.4.5 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY
- 6.5 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA
- 6.5.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS
- 6.5.2 BUYING CRITERIA
- 6.6 PRICING ANALYSIS
- 6.6.1 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE OF EXPANDABLE GRAPHITE, BY REGION 2022-2024
- 6.6.2 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF EXPANDABLE GRAPHITE, BY FLAKE SIZE, 2024
- 6.7 REGULATORY LANDSCAPE
- 6.7.1 REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
- 6.8 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2025
- 6.9 PATENT ANALYSIS
- 6.10 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS
- 6.10.1 KEY TECHNOLOGIES
- 6.10.1.1 Graphite intercalation & thermal expansion technology
- 6.10.2 COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGIES
- 6.10.2.1 Spheroidization of graphite
- 6.11 TRADE ANALYSIS
- 6.11.1 IMPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 250410)
- 6.11.2 EXPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 250410)
- 6.12 TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESS
- 6.13 IMPACT OF GENERATIVE AI ON EXPANDABLE GRAPHITE MARKET
- 6.13.1 PROCESS OPTIMIZATION & QUALITY CONTROL
- 6.13.2 DIGITAL TWINS & PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS
- 6.13.3 MATERIALS DISCOVERY & FORMULATION
- 6.13.4 SUPPLY CHAIN & SUSTAINABILITY TRACKING
- 6.13.5 EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE & AUTOMATION
- 6.14 IMPACT OF 2025 US TARIFF - EXPANDABLE GRAPHITE MARKET
- 6.14.1 KEY TARIFF RATES
- 6.14.2 PRICE IMPACT ANALYSIS
- 6.14.3 KEY IMPACT ON COUNTRY/REGION
- 6.14.3.1 US
- 6.14.3.2 Europe
- 6.14.3.3 Asia Pacific
- 6.14.4 IMPACT ON END-USE INDUSTRIES
- 6.14.4.1 Electronics & energy storage
- 6.14.4.2 Automotive
- 6.14.4.3 Building & construction
- 6.14.4.4 Industrial manufacturing
- 6.14.4.5 Aerospace & defence
7 EXPANDABLE GRAPHITE MARKET, BY TYPE
- 7.1 INTRODUCTION
- 7.2 NATURAL EXPANDABLE GRAPHITE
- 7.2.1 RISING DEMAND FOR NON-HALOGENATED FLAME RETARDANTS TO DRIVE MARKET
- 7.3 SYNTHETIC EXPANDABLE GRAPHITE
- 7.3.1 RISING DEMAND FROM ELECTRONICS AND ENERGY STORAGE INDUSTRIES TO BOOST MARKET
8 EXPANDABLE GRAPHITE MARKET, BY FLAKE SIZE
- 8.1 INTRODUCTION
- 8.2 MEDIUM & LARGE FLAKES
- 8.2.1 INCREASING DEMAND FOR FLAME RETARDANTS, GASKETS, AND THERMAL INSULATION TO DRIVE MARKET
- 8.3 JUMBO FLAKES
- 8.3.1 SURGE IN DEMAND FOR ADVANCED FIRE PROTECTION AND THERMAL INSULATION SOLUTIONS CONTINUES TO DRIVE MARKET
9 EXPANDABLE GRAPHITE MARKET, BY APPLICATION
- 9.1 INTRODUCTION
- 9.2 FLAME RETARDANT
- 9.2.1 SURGE IN HIGHLY EFFECTIVE, HALOGEN-FREE FLAME-RETARDANT ADDITIVES TO DRIVE MARKET
- 9.3 CONDUCTIVE ADDITIVE
- 9.3.1 INCREASING DEMAND FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE BATTERIES, CONDUCTIVE POLYMERS, AND THERMAL MANAGEMENT TO BOOST DEMAND
- 9.4 FLEXIBLE GRAPHITE
- 9.4.1 SUPERIOR THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY, CHEMICAL RESISTANCE, AND ADAPTABILITY FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE SEALING TO BOOST DEMAND
- 9.5 OTHER APPLICATIONS
10 EXPANDABLE GRAPHITE MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY
- 10.1 INTRODUCTION
- 10.2 ELECTRONICS & ENERGY STORAGE
- 10.2.1 SURGE IN DEMAND FOR THERMAL MANAGEMENT, CONDUCTIVITY, AND EFFICIENCY TO DRIVE MARKET
- 10.3 AUTOMOTIVE
- 10.3.1 RISING EV SECTOR AND LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS TO DRIVE MARKET
- 10.4 BUILDING & CONSTRUCTION
- 10.4.1 FIRE SAFETY AND THERMAL INSULATION TO DRIVE MARKET
- 10.5 INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTURING
- 10.5.1 SURGE IN DEMAND FOR FLAME-RETARDANT TEXTILES, HIGH-PERFORMANCE LUBRICANTS, AND CONDUCTIVE CARBON BRUSHES TO BOOST MARKET
- 10.6 AEROSPACE & DEFENSE
- 10.6.1 LIGHTWEIGHT FLAME RESISTANCE AND STRINGENT AEROSPACE SAFETY STANDARDS TO DRIVE MARKET
- 10.7 OTHER END-USE INDUSTRIES
11 EXPANDABLE GRAPHITE MARKET, BY REGION
- 11.1 INTRODUCTION
- 11.2 EUROPE
- 11.2.1 GERMANY
- 11.2.1.1 Rising demand for fire safety and booming battery sector to drive market
- 11.2.2 UK
- 11.2.2.1 Expandable graphite market to gain momentum with industrial and automotive industries growth
- 11.2.3 FRANCE
- 11.2.3.1 Growing energy, construction, and aerospace sectors to drive market
- 11.2.4 ITALY
- 11.2.4.1 Fire safety and e-mobility boom to drive market
- 11.2.5 SPAIN
- 11.2.5.1 Surge in fire safety regulations and growing battery production to drive market
- 11.2.6 REST OF EUROPE
- 11.3 NORTH AMERICA
- 11.3.1 US
- 11.3.1.1 Surge in renewable energy integration and EV adoption to drive market
- 11.3.2 CANADA
- 11.3.2.1 Initiative for graphite independence to fuel market
- 11.3.3 MEXICO
- 11.3.3.1 Expanding end-use industries to boost market
- 11.4 ASIA PACIFIC
- 11.4.1 CHINA
- 11.4.1.1 Rapid expansion of EV sector and stringent green building initiatives to drive market
- 11.4.2 JAPAN
- 11.4.2.1 Advancements in EV sector and sustainable construction initiatives to drive market
- 11.4.3 INDIA
- 11.4.3.1 Increasing investment in expandable graphite to drive market
- 11.4.4 SOUTH KOREA
- 11.4.4.1 Commitment to ecofriendly initiatives and sustainable development to drive market
- 11.4.5 AUSTRALIA
- 11.4.5.1 Commitment to sustainable construction to drive market
- 11.4.6 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC
- 11.5 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA
- 11.5.1 GCC COUNTRIES
- 11.5.1.1 UAE
- 11.5.1.1.1 Significant advancements in EV and sustainable construction initiatives to propel growth
- 11.5.1.2 Saudi Arabia
- 11.5.1.2.1 Significant growth in EVs to drive growth
- 11.5.1.3 Rest of GCC Countries
- 11.5.2 SOUTH AFRICA
- 11.5.2.1 Growing automotive sector and increasing adoption of EVs to drive market
- 11.5.3 REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA
- 11.6 SOUTH AMERICA
- 11.6.1 BRAZIL
- 11.6.1.1 EV surge and energy storage growth to drive market
- 11.6.2 CHILE
- 11.6.2.1 Surge amid mining boom, renewable energy push, and fire-safe construction demand to drive market
- 11.6.3 ARGENTINA
- 11.6.3.1 Surges with lithium growth and fire safety reforms to drive market
- 11.6.4 REST OF SOUTH AMERICA
12 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
- 12.1 INTRODUCTION
- 12.2 KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN
- 12.3 REVENUE ANALYSIS
- 12.4 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS
- 12.5 BRAND/PRODUCT COMPARISON
- 12.6 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: KEY PLAYERS, 2024
- 12.6.1 STARS
- 12.6.2 EMERGING LEADERS
- 12.6.3 PERVASIVE PLAYERS
- 12.6.4 PARTICIPANTS
- 12.6.5 COMPANY FOOTPRINT: KEY PLAYERS, 2024
- 12.6.5.1 Company footprint
- 12.6.5.2 Region footprint
- 12.6.5.3 Application footprint
- 12.6.5.4 End-use industry footprint
- 12.6.5.5 Flake size footprint
- 12.7 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: STARTUPS/SMES, 2024
- 12.7.1 PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES
- 12.7.2 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES
- 12.7.3 DYNAMIC COMPANIES
- 12.7.4 STARTING BLOCKS
- 12.7.5 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING: STARTUPS/SMES, 2024
- 12.7.5.1 Detailed list of key startups/SMEs
- 12.7.5.2 Competitive benchmarking of key startups/SMEs
- 12.8 COMPANY VALUATION AND FINANCIAL METRICS
- 12.9 COMPETITIVE SCENARIO
13 COMPANY PROFILES
- 13.1 KEY PLAYERS
- 13.1.1 SGL CARBON
- 13.1.1.1 Business overview
- 13.1.1.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 13.1.1.3 Recent developments
- 13.1.1.4 MnM view
- 13.1.1.4.1 Key strengths/Right to win
- 13.1.1.4.2 Strategic choices
- 13.1.1.4.3 Weaknesses/Competitive threats
- 13.1.2 NEOGRAF
- 13.1.2.1 Business overview
- 13.1.2.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 13.1.2.3 MnM view
- 13.1.2.3.1 Key strengths/Right to win
- 13.1.2.3.2 Strategic choices
- 13.1.2.3.3 Weaknesses/Competitive threats
- 13.1.3 YICHANG XINCHENG GRAPHITE CO., LTD.
- 13.1.3.1 Business overview
- 13.1.3.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 13.1.3.3 MnM view
- 13.1.3.3.1 Key strengths/Right to win
- 13.1.3.3.2 Strategic choices
- 13.1.3.3.3 Weaknesses/Competitive threats
- 13.1.4 GRAPHIT KROPFMUHL GMBH
- 13.1.4.1 Business overview
- 13.1.4.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 13.1.4.3 MnM view
- 13.1.4.3.1 Key strengths/Right to win
- 13.1.4.3.2 Strategic choices
- 13.1.4.3.3 Weaknesses/Competitive threats
- 13.1.5 NACIONAL DE GRAFITE
- 13.1.5.1 Business overview
- 13.1.5.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 13.1.5.3 MnM view
- 13.1.5.3.1 Key strengths/Right to win
- 13.1.5.3.2 Strategic choices
- 13.1.5.3.3 Weaknesses/Competitive threats
- 13.1.6 QINGDAO XINGHE GRAPHITE CO., LTD.
- 13.1.6.1 Business overview
- 13.1.6.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 13.1.6.3 MnM view
- 13.1.6.3.1 Key strengths/Right to win
- 13.1.6.3.2 Strategic choices
- 13.1.6.3.3 Weaknesses/Competitive threats
- 13.1.7 EVION GROUP
- 13.1.7.1 Business overview
- 13.1.7.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 13.1.7.3 Recent developments
- 13.1.8 QINGDAO YANXIN GRAPHITE PRODUCTS CO., LTD.
- 13.1.8.1 Business overview
- 13.1.8.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 13.1.9 QINGDAO BRAIDE GRAPHITE CO., LTD.
- 13.1.9.1 Business overview
- 13.1.9.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 13.1.10 SHIJIAZHUANG ADT CARBONIC MATERIAL FACTORY
- 13.1.10.1 Business overview
- 13.1.10.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 13.1.11 JAMES DURRANS GROUP
- 13.1.11.1 Business overview
- 13.1.11.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 13.1.12 NIPPON KOKUEN GROUP
- 13.1.12.1 Business overview
- 13.1.12.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 13.1.13 GEORG H. LUH GMBH
- 13.1.13.1 Business overview
- 13.1.13.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 13.1.14 CDI PRODUCTS
- 13.1.14.1 Business overview
- 13.1.14.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 13.1.14.3 Recent developments
- 13.1.15 GRAPHITE CENTRAL
- 13.1.15.1 Business overview
- 13.1.15.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 13.1.16 LKAB MINERALS
- 13.1.16.1 Business overview
- 13.1.16.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 13.1.17 ASBURY CARBONS
- 13.1.17.1 Business overview
- 13.1.17.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 13.2 OTHER PLAYERS
- 13.2.1 QINGDAO MEILIKUN GRAPHITE PRODUCTS FACTORY CO., LTD.
- 13.2.2 HEBEI JIN'AO TRADING CO., LTD.
- 13.2.3 SEALMAX
- 13.2.4 ZHONGPU INDUSTRIAL LTD.
- 13.2.5 NANJING GRF CARBON MATERIAL CO., LTD.
14 ADJACENT AND RELATED MARKETS
- 14.1 INTRODUCTION
- 14.2 LIMITATIONS
- 14.3 INTERCONNECTED MARKETS
- 14.4 GRAPHITE MARKET
- 14.4.1 MARKET DEFINITION
- 14.4.2 MARKET OVERVIEW
- 14.4.3 GRAPHITE MARKET, BY PURITY
- 14.4.4 HIGH PURITY
- 14.4.4.1 Demand for precision and performance across industries to boost market
- 14.4.5 LOW PURITY
- 14.4.5.1 Need to power cost-effective industrial solutions to drive market
15 APPENDIX
- 15.1 DISCUSSION GUIDE
- 15.2 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS' SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL
- 15.3 CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS
- 15.4 RELATED REPORTS
- 15.5 AUTHOR DETAILS