ハザード医薬品調合システムの世界市場レポート：動向、予測、競合分析（～2031年）

世界のハザード医薬品調合システム市場の将来は、院内薬局、外来/コミュニティ薬局、研究開発ラボ市場の機会で有望視されています。世界のハザード医薬品調合システムの市場規模は、2025年～2031年にCAGR20.2％で成長すると予測されます。この市場の主な促進要因は、安全規制の強化、ハザード医薬品使用の増加、ヘルスケア従事者の安全性向上への注力です。

• Lucintelでは、PCR検査の正確性と信頼性を確保するためのコンタミネーションフリーの診断試薬に対する需要の高まりから、タイプ別では無菌調合システムが予測期間中も引き続き大きなセグメントになると予測しています。
• 用途別では、病院検査室での準備時間を短縮する、安定してすぐに使える試薬への需要が高まっていることから、院内薬局が引き続き最大セグメントとなると思われます。
• 地域別では、北米が予測期間中に最も高い成長を遂げると予想されます。

ハザード医薬品調合システム市場の新たな動向

ハザード医薬品調合システム市場は、安全性、効率性、規制遵守の向上に関連するいくつかの新たな動向を通じて進化しています。

• ハザード医薬品調合自動化：ハザード医薬品調合市場の最も顕著な動向の1つは自動化です。ロボット調合システムやクローズドシステム薬剤移送装置などの自動化システムは、ヒューマンエラーやハザード医薬品への曝露を最小限に抑える可能性があるため、採用が増加しています。このような技術は、医療従事者が危険な化学物質にさらされないように、特にオンコロジークリニックのようなリスクの高い環境で、調合プロセスの正確性、一貫性、安全性を向上させます。
• 閉鎖式薬物移送デバイス（CSTD）の需要の高まり：薬剤の汚染や暴露を防ぐための固有のツールとして機能するCSTDに対する需要が高まっています。CSTDは、移送中にハザード医薬品が環境中に流出するのを防ぐように設計されたシステムであり、FDAやOSHAなどの規制機関がその使用を重視していることから、その使用量は今後も増え続けると思われます。特にCSTDは、化学療法剤やその他のハザード医薬品にさらされるリスクを低減することを目的としており、その結果、ヘルスケア従事者と患者の両方にとって安全なものとなります。
• 調合技術の向上：調合における技術システムの進歩により、調合システムによる薬剤の調製がより正確かつ効率的になり、ハザード医薬品の使用における正確性と安全性が向上しています。技術革新は、交差汚染の防止と薬剤の正確な投与への入り口となる、改良された封じ込めシステムによる投与精度の向上で構成されています。技術の進歩は、安全性と規制に関する高水準を維持するため、ヘルスケア機関に新しいモデルの調合システムの更新を促し続けています。
• 規制の変化と基準の遵守：世界中の政府や規制機関は、ハザード医薬品調合に関する規制を強化し、より厳しい基準を実施しています。製薬会社やヘルスケア施設は、こうした新たな基準を満たす機器への投資を進めています。この動向が、より安全でコンプライアンスに準拠した調合システムの市場を牽引しています。規制への準拠が重視されるようになったことで、医療従事者と患者の双方を危険物質への暴露から守ることを目的として、ハザード医薬品がより安全に取り扱われるようになりました。
• 労働者の安全：労働者の安全は、ハザード医薬品調合において最も重要な側面であり続けています。ヘルスケア従事者や作業員に対するハザード医薬品の健康被害に関する懸念が高まっていることから、作業員の曝露を保護するシステムの開発に一層力が注がれています。これらのシステムとは、アイソレーター、封じ込め装置、個人用保護具などであり、これらの薬剤との直接接触を最小限に抑えるものです。このような作業者の安全性への関心の高まりは、高度な調合システムの需要を高める強力な要因となると思われます。
• 世界のハザード医薬品調合システム市場の動向：閉鎖式薬物移送デバイス、技術の進歩、規制遵守、作業員の安全性、自動化の動向は、世界のハザード医薬品調合システム市場を変革しています。これらの動向が進化を続ける中、医薬品調合における安全性、効率性、プロセス遵守への要求の高まりに基づき、市場の発展が期待されます。

ハザード医薬品調合システム市場の最近の発展

ハザード医薬品調合システム市場に影響を与える主な発展には、安全性、技術、規制コンプライアンスの改善があります。

• 自動調合システム：薬剤調製の精度と安全性を高めるため、自動調合システムが導入されつつあります。これらのシステムは、ヒューマンエラーの側面を最小限に抑え、効率を高め、ハザード医薬品を安全に取り扱うことができます。ヘルスケアにおける自動化需要の拡大は、特にオンコロジー治療センターのようなリスクの高い環境において、これらのシステムの導入を加速させています。これらのシステムは、プロセスを最適化すると同時に、ヘルスケア提供者が安全性に関する厳格な基準を遵守することを促進しています。
• 閉鎖式薬物移送デバイス：閉鎖式薬物移送デバイスは、移送中にハザード医薬品が放出されないように設計されているため、汚染や暴露のリスクを回避し、より効果的な薬剤調合作業を保証します。世界中の規制機関が、調合の安全性を促進するよう主張しているため、ヘルスケア施設はサービスのために閉鎖式システムの購入を要求しています。これらの施設では、ハザード医薬品の取り扱いや化学療法治療サービスエリアが標準となりつつあります。
• 安全対策向上のための規制当局の取り組み：政府や規制機関は、ハザード医薬品の調合に関する安全対策を強化しています。FDAやOSHAのガイドライン改訂などの新たな規制により、ヘルスケア施設はより安全な業務に取り組み、高度な調合システムへの投資を余儀なくされています。これらの規制は、医療従事者のハザード医薬品曝露のリスクを低減し、薬剤が正確かつ安全に調合されることを保証します。
• 封じ込め・隔離技術の向上：封じ込め・隔離技術の向上により、ハザード医薬品調合の安全性が向上しました。アイソレーターや生物学的安全キャビネットを含む新しい封じ込めシステムは、ハザード医薬品への曝露を防ぐために開発されています。これらの技術は、薬剤調合に安全な環境を作り出すことで、ヘルスケア従事者の保護を向上させます。これらの技術の進歩に伴い、世界中の病院や薬局での導入が進むと予想されます。
• トレーニングと教育の重視：ハザード医薬品に関する安全性への懸念は増加の一途をたどっており、これらの医薬品を調合する医療従事者のトレーニングや教育も重要な課題となっています。これらの医療従事者が危険性やハザード医薬品の取り扱いについて十分な知識を身につけられるよう、研修プログラムが策定されています。さらに、医療従事者の知識と技術を向上させるために、ハザード医薬品に関する教育イニシアチブが市場に登場しています。

自動調合システム、CSTD、規制への取り組み、封じ込め技術の進歩、トレーニングへの高い関心など、こうした発展はすべて、ハザード医薬品調合システム市場をより安全で効率的な、コンプライアンス遵守の市場にしています。このような開発インフラが続々と登場すれば、ハザード医薬品の取り扱いが大幅に改善され、ヘルスケア従事者の安全が確保されることになります。

目次

第1章 エグゼクティブサマリー

第2章 市場概要

• 背景と分類
• サプライチェーン

第3章 市場動向と予測分析

• マクロ経済の動向と予測
• 業界の促進要因と課題
• PESTLE分析
• 特許分析
• 規制環境

第4章 世界のハザード医薬品調合システム市場：タイプ別

• 概要
• タイプ別の魅力分析
• 滅菌調合システム：動向と予測（2019～2031年）
• 非滅菌調合システム：動向と予測（2019～2031年）

第5章 世界のハザード医薬品調合システム市場：用途別

• 概要
• 用途別の魅力分析
• 院内薬局：動向と予測（2019～2031年）
• 外来/コミュニティ薬局：動向と予測（2019～2031年）
• 研究開発ラボ：動向と予測（2019～2031年）
• その他：動向と予測（2019～2031年）

第6章 地域分析

• 概要
• 世界のハザード医薬品調合システム市場：地域別

第7章 北米のハザード医薬品調合システム市場

• 概要
• 北米のハザード医薬品調合システム市場（タイプ別）
• 北米のハザード医薬品調合システム市場（用途別）
• 米国のハザード医薬品調合システム市場
• メキシコのハザード医薬品調合システム市場
• カナダのハザード医薬品調合システム市場

第8章 欧州のハザード医薬品調合システム市場

• 概要
• 欧州のハザード医薬品調合システム市場（タイプ別）
• 欧州のハザード医薬品調合システム市場（用途別）
• ドイツのハザード医薬品調合システム市場
• フランスのハザード医薬品調合システム市場
• スペインのハザード医薬品調合システム市場
• イタリアのハザード医薬品調合システム市場
• 英国のハザード医薬品調合システム市場

第9章 アジア太平洋のハザード医薬品調合システム市場

• 概要
• アジア太平洋のハザード医薬品調合システム市場（タイプ別）
• アジア太平洋のハザード医薬品調合システム市場（用途別）
• 日本のハザード医薬品調合システム市場
• インドのハザード医薬品調合システム市場
• 中国のハザード医薬品調合システム市場
• 韓国のハザード医薬品調合システム市場
• インドネシアのハザード医薬品調合システム市場

第10章 世界のその他地域のハザード医薬品調合システム市場

• 概要
• 世界のその他地域のハザード医薬品調合システム市場（タイプ別）
• 世界のその他地域のハザード医薬品調合システム市場（用途別）
• 中東のハザード医薬品調合システム市場
• 南米のハザード医薬品調合システム市場
• アフリカのハザード医薬品調合システム市場

第11章 競合分析

• 製品ポートフォリオ分析
• 運用統合
• ポーターのファイブフォース分析
  • 競争企業間の敵対関係
  • 買い手の交渉力
  • 供給企業の交渉力
  • 代替品の脅威
  • 新規参入業者の脅威
• 市場シェア分析

第12章 機会と戦略分析

• バリューチェーン分析
• 成長機会分析
  • タイプ別の成長機会
  • 用途別の成長機会
• 世界のハザード医薬品調合システム市場における新たな動向
• 戦略分析
  • 新製品開発
  • 認証とライセンシング
  • 合併、買収、契約、提携、合弁事業

第13章 バリューチェーンにおける主要企業プロファイル

• 競合分析
• BD Medical
• Equashield
• ICU Medical
• Simplivia
• B. Braun
• Baxter
• Comecer
• Grifols
• ARxiUM
• Newlcon

第14章 付録

• 図一覧
• 表一覧
• 調査手法
• 免責事項
• 著作権
• 略語および技術単位
• Lucintelについて
• お問い合わせ

List of Figures

• Figure 1.1: Trends and Forecast for the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market
• Figure 2.1: Usage of Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market
• Figure 2.2: Classification of the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market
• Figure 2.3: Supply Chain of the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market
• Figure 2.4: Driver and Challenges of the Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market
• Figure 3.1: Trends of the Global GDP Growth Rate
• Figure 3.2: Trends of the Global Population Growth Rate
• Figure 3.3: Trends of the Global Inflation Rate
• Figure 3.4: Trends of the Global Unemployment Rate
• Figure 3.5: Trends of the Regional GDP Growth Rate
• Figure 3.6: Trends of the Regional Population Growth Rate
• Figure 3.7: Trends of the Regional Inflation Rate
• Figure 3.8: Trends of the Regional Unemployment Rate
• Figure 3.9: Trends of Regional Per Capita Income
• Figure 3.10: Forecast for the Global GDP Growth Rate
• Figure 3.11: Forecast for the Global Population Growth Rate
• Figure 3.12: Forecast for the Global Inflation Rate
• Figure 3.13: Forecast for the Global Unemployment Rate
• Figure 3.14: Forecast for the Regional GDP Growth Rate
• Figure 3.15: Forecast for the Regional Population Growth Rate
• Figure 3.16: Forecast for the Regional Inflation Rate
• Figure 3.17: Forecast for the Regional Unemployment Rate
• Figure 3.18: Forecast for Regional Per Capita Income
• Figure 4.1: Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Type in 2019, 2024, and 2031
• Figure 4.2: Trends of the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) by Type
• Figure 4.3: Forecast for the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) by Type
• Figure 4.4: Trends and Forecast for Sterile Compounding Systems in the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2031)
• Figure 4.5: Trends and Forecast for Non-Sterile Compounding Systems in the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2031)
• Figure 5.1: Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Application in 2019, 2024, and 2031
• Figure 5.2: Trends of the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) by Application
• Figure 5.3: Forecast for the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) by Application
• Figure 5.4: Trends and Forecast for Hospital Pharmacies in the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2031)
• Figure 5.5: Trends and Forecast for Outpatient/Community Pharmacies in the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2031)
• Figure 5.6: Trends and Forecast for Research and Development Laboratories in the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2031)
• Figure 5.7: Trends and Forecast for Others in the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2031)
• Figure 6.1: Trends of the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) by Region (2019-2024)
• Figure 6.2: Forecast for the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) by Region (2025-2031)
• Figure 7.1: Trends and Forecast for the North American Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2031)
• Figure 7.2: North American Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Type in 2019, 2024, and 2031
• Figure 7.3: Trends of the North American Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) by Type (2019-2024)
• Figure 7.4: Forecast for the North American Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) by Type (2025-2031)
• Figure 7.5: North American Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Application in 2019, 2024, and 2031
• Figure 7.6: Trends of the North American Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) by Application (2019-2024)
• Figure 7.7: Forecast for the North American Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) by Application (2025-2031)
• Figure 7.8: Trends and Forecast for the United States Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) (2019-2031)
• Figure 7.9: Trends and Forecast for the Mexican Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) (2019-2031)
• Figure 7.10: Trends and Forecast for the Canadian Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) (2019-2031)
• Figure 8.1: Trends and Forecast for the European Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2031)
• Figure 8.2: European Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Type in 2019, 2024, and 2031
• Figure 8.3: Trends of the European Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) by Type (2019-2024)
• Figure 8.4: Forecast for the European Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) by Type (2025-2031)
• Figure 8.5: European Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Application in 2019, 2024, and 2031
• Figure 8.6: Trends of the European Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) by Application (2019-2024)
• Figure 8.7: Forecast for the European Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) by Application (2025-2031)
• Figure 8.8: Trends and Forecast for the German Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) (2019-2031)
• Figure 8.9: Trends and Forecast for the French Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) (2019-2031)
• Figure 8.10: Trends and Forecast for the Spanish Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) (2019-2031)
• Figure 8.11: Trends and Forecast for the Italian Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) (2019-2031)
• Figure 8.12: Trends and Forecast for the United Kingdom Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) (2019-2031)
• Figure 9.1: Trends and Forecast for the APAC Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2031)
• Figure 9.2: APAC Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Type in 2019, 2024, and 2031
• Figure 9.3: Trends of the APAC Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) by Type (2019-2024)
• Figure 9.4: Forecast for the APAC Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) by Type (2025-2031)
• Figure 9.5: APAC Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Application in 2019, 2024, and 2031
• Figure 9.6: Trends of the APAC Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) by Application (2019-2024)
• Figure 9.7: Forecast for the APAC Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) by Application (2025-2031)
• Figure 9.8: Trends and Forecast for the Japanese Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) (2019-2031)
• Figure 9.9: Trends and Forecast for the Indian Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) (2019-2031)
• Figure 9.10: Trends and Forecast for the Chinese Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) (2019-2031)
• Figure 9.11: Trends and Forecast for the South Korean Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) (2019-2031)
• Figure 9.12: Trends and Forecast for the Indonesian Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) (2019-2031)
• Figure 10.1: Trends and Forecast for the ROW Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2031)
• Figure 10.2: ROW Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Type in 2019, 2024, and 2031
• Figure 10.3: Trends of the ROW Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) by Type (2019-2024)
• Figure 10.4: Forecast for the ROW Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) by Type (2025-2031)
• Figure 10.5: ROW Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Application in 2019, 2024, and 2031
• Figure 10.6: Trends of the ROW Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) by Application (2019-2024)
• Figure 10.7: Forecast for the ROW Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) by Application (2025-2031)
• Figure 10.8: Trends and Forecast for the Middle Eastern Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) (2019-2031)
• Figure 10.9: Trends and Forecast for the South American Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) (2019-2031)
• Figure 10.10: Trends and Forecast for the African Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market ($B) (2019-2031)
• Figure 11.1: Porter's Five Forces Analysis of the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market
• Figure 11.2: Market Share (%) of Top Players in the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2024)
• Figure 12.1: Growth Opportunities for the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Type
• Figure 12.2: Growth Opportunities for the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Application
• Figure 12.3: Growth Opportunities for the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Region
• Figure 12.4: Emerging Trends in the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market

List of Tables

• Table 1.1: Growth Rate (%, 2023-2024) and CAGR (%, 2025-2031) of the Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Type and Application
• Table 1.2: Attractiveness Analysis for the Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Region
• Table 1.3: Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market Parameters and Attributes
• Table 3.1: Trends of the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2024)
• Table 3.2: Forecast for the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2025-2031)
• Table 4.1: Attractiveness Analysis for the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Type
• Table 4.2: Market Size and CAGR of Various Type in the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2024)
• Table 4.3: Market Size and CAGR of Various Type in the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2025-2031)
• Table 4.4: Trends of Sterile Compounding Systems in the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2024)
• Table 4.5: Forecast for Sterile Compounding Systems in the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2025-2031)
• Table 4.6: Trends of Non-Sterile Compounding Systems in the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2024)
• Table 4.7: Forecast for Non-Sterile Compounding Systems in the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2025-2031)
• Table 5.1: Attractiveness Analysis for the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Application
• Table 5.2: Market Size and CAGR of Various Application in the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2024)
• Table 5.3: Market Size and CAGR of Various Application in the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2025-2031)
• Table 5.4: Trends of Hospital Pharmacies in the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2024)
• Table 5.5: Forecast for Hospital Pharmacies in the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2025-2031)
• Table 5.6: Trends of Outpatient/Community Pharmacies in the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2024)
• Table 5.7: Forecast for Outpatient/Community Pharmacies in the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2025-2031)
• Table 5.8: Trends of Research and Development Laboratories in the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2024)
• Table 5.9: Forecast for Research and Development Laboratories in the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2025-2031)
• Table 5.10: Trends of Others in the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2024)
• Table 5.11: Forecast for Others in the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2025-2031)
• Table 6.1: Market Size and CAGR of Various Regions in the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2024)
• Table 6.2: Market Size and CAGR of Various Regions in the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2025-2031)
• Table 7.1: Trends of the North American Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2024)
• Table 7.2: Forecast for the North American Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2025-2031)
• Table 7.3: Market Size and CAGR of Various Type in the North American Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2024)
• Table 7.4: Market Size and CAGR of Various Type in the North American Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2025-2031)
• Table 7.5: Market Size and CAGR of Various Application in the North American Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2024)
• Table 7.6: Market Size and CAGR of Various Application in the North American Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2025-2031)
• Table 7.7: Trends and Forecast for the United States Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2031)
• Table 7.8: Trends and Forecast for the Mexican Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2031)
• Table 7.9: Trends and Forecast for the Canadian Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2031)
• Table 8.1: Trends of the European Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2024)
• Table 8.2: Forecast for the European Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2025-2031)
• Table 8.3: Market Size and CAGR of Various Type in the European Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2024)
• Table 8.4: Market Size and CAGR of Various Type in the European Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2025-2031)
• Table 8.5: Market Size and CAGR of Various Application in the European Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2024)
• Table 8.6: Market Size and CAGR of Various Application in the European Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2025-2031)
• Table 8.7: Trends and Forecast for the German Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2031)
• Table 8.8: Trends and Forecast for the French Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2031)
• Table 8.9: Trends and Forecast for the Spanish Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2031)
• Table 8.10: Trends and Forecast for the Italian Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2031)
• Table 8.11: Trends and Forecast for the United Kingdom Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2031)
• Table 9.1: Trends of the APAC Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2024)
• Table 9.2: Forecast for the APAC Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2025-2031)
• Table 9.3: Market Size and CAGR of Various Type in the APAC Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2024)
• Table 9.4: Market Size and CAGR of Various Type in the APAC Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2025-2031)
• Table 9.5: Market Size and CAGR of Various Application in the APAC Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2024)
• Table 9.6: Market Size and CAGR of Various Application in the APAC Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2025-2031)
• Table 9.7: Trends and Forecast for the Japanese Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2031)
• Table 9.8: Trends and Forecast for the Indian Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2031)
• Table 9.9: Trends and Forecast for the Chinese Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2031)
• Table 9.10: Trends and Forecast for the South Korean Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2031)
• Table 9.11: Trends and Forecast for the Indonesian Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2031)
• Table 10.1: Trends of the ROW Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2024)
• Table 10.2: Forecast for the ROW Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2025-2031)
• Table 10.3: Market Size and CAGR of Various Type in the ROW Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2024)
• Table 10.4: Market Size and CAGR of Various Type in the ROW Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2025-2031)
• Table 10.5: Market Size and CAGR of Various Application in the ROW Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2024)
• Table 10.6: Market Size and CAGR of Various Application in the ROW Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2025-2031)
• Table 10.7: Trends and Forecast for the Middle Eastern Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2031)
• Table 10.8: Trends and Forecast for the South American Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2031)
• Table 10.9: Trends and Forecast for the African Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market (2019-2031)
• Table 11.1: Product Mapping of Hazardous Drug Compounding System Suppliers Based on Segments
• Table 11.2: Operational Integration of Hazardous Drug Compounding System Manufacturers
• Table 11.3: Rankings of Suppliers Based on Hazardous Drug Compounding System Revenue
• Table 12.1: New Product Launches by Major Hazardous Drug Compounding System Producers (2019-2024)
• Table 12.2: Certification Acquired by Major Competitor in the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market

The future of the global hazardous drug compounding system market looks promising with opportunities in the hospital pharmacies, outpatient/community pharmacies, and research and development laboratories markets. The global hazardous drug compounding system market is expected to grow with a CAGR of 20.2% from 2025 to 2031. The major drivers for this market are the increasing safety regulations, the rising use of hazardous drugs, and the focus on improving healthcare worker safety.

• Lucintel forecasts that, within the type category, sterile compounding systems will remain the larger segment over the forecast period due to rising demand for contamination-free diagnostic reagents to ensure accuracy and reliability in PCR testing.
• Within the application category, hospital pharmacies will remain the largest segment due to increasing demand for stable, ready-to-use reagents that reduce preparation time in hospital laboratories.
• In terms of region, North America is expected to witness the highest growth over the forecast period.

Gain valuable insights for your business decisions with our comprehensive 150+ page report. Sample figures with some insights are shown below.

Emerging Trends in the Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market

The hazardous drug compounding system market is evolving through several emerging trends that are concerned with the betterment of safety, efficiency, and regulatory compliance.

• Hazardous Drug Compounding Automation: One of the most prominent trends in the hazardous drug compounding market is automation. Automated systems, such as robotic compounding systems and closed-system drug transfer devices, are being adopted increasingly due to their potential to minimize human error and exposure to dangerous drugs. Such technologies improve the accuracy, consistency, and safety of the compounding process so that healthcare workers are not exposed to hazardous chemicals, especially in high-risk environments like oncology clinics.
• Emerging Demand for Closed System Transfer Devices (CSTDs): There is a rising demand for CSTDs that act as an inherent tool in preventing the contamination and exposure of drugs. CSTDs are a system designed to prevent hazardous drugs from escaping into the environment while transferring, and their usage will continue to grow as regulatory agencies such as the FDA and OSHA place emphasis on using them. Particularly, CSTDs are aimed at reducing risk in exposure to chemotherapy agents and other hazardous drugs, hence safety for both the healthcare workers and the patients.
• Improved Compounding Technology: Advances in technological systems in compounding are ensuring that more exact and efficient preparations of drugs by the compounding system enhance accuracy and safety in the use of hazardous drugs. Innovations in technology consist of better dosing accuracy with improved containment systems which are a gateway to the absence of cross-contamination and correct doses of drugs. Technological advances keep pushing healthcare institutions to update newer models of compounding systems for sustained high standards on safety and regulations.
• Regulatory Changes and Standards Compliance: Governments and regulatory agencies around the world are tightening regulations and enforcing stricter standards for hazardous drug compounding. Pharmaceutical companies and healthcare facilities are investing in equipment that meets these new standards. This trend is driving the market for safer, more compliant compounding systems. The increased focus on regulatory compliance ensures that hazardous drugs are handled more safely, with the goal of protecting both healthcare workers and patients from exposure to dangerous substances.
• Worker Safety: Worker safety continues to be the most essential aspect of hazardous drug compounding. Given increased concerns regarding the health hazards of hazardous drugs to healthcare personnel and workers, there is more effort put into developing systems that safeguard worker exposure. These systems are defined as isolators, containment devices, and personal protective equipment that minimize direct contact with these drugs. This growth in focus on worker safety will be a strong factor in the demand for advanced systems of compounding.
• Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market Trends: Closed-system transfer devices, advancements in technology, regulatory compliance, worker safety, and automation trends are transforming the global hazardous drug compounding system market. As these trends continue evolving, the market is expected to advance as well as develop, based on an increase in demand for safety, efficiency, and compliance with processes in drug compounding.

Recent Developments in the Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market

Some of the key developments influencing the hazardous drug compounding system market are safety, technology, and regulatory compliance improvements.

• Automated Compounding Systems: Automated compounding systems are being put in place to develop greater accuracy and safety for drug preparation. These systems minimize the human error aspects, efficiency, and safely working with hazardous drugs. The expanding demand for automation in healthcare is accelerating the uptake of these systems, especially in high-risk settings like oncology treatment centers. These systems are facilitating healthcare providers' observance of strict standards on safety while optimizing the process.
• Closed-system Drug Transfer Devices: Closed-system drug transfer devices, designed to avoid releasing hazardous drugs while the transfer is undergoing, ensure drug compounding operations are more effective in avoiding the risk of contamination and exposure. Since all regulatory agencies all over the globe are insisting that safety in compounding is promoted, healthcare institutions are demanding the purchase of closed systems for their services. In these facilities, it's becoming a standard with hazardous drugs' handling and a chemotherapy treatment service area.
• Regulatory Initiatives to Improve Safety Measures: Governments and regulatory agencies are tightening safety measures for hazardous drug compounding. New regulations, such as the revised guidelines of the FDA and OSHA, are compelling healthcare facilities to take safer practices and invest in advanced compounding systems. These regulations will reduce the risk of hazardous drug exposure for healthcare workers and ensure that drugs are compounded accurately and safely.
• Improvements in Containment and Isolation Technology: Improved containment and isolation technology have enhanced the safety of hazardous drug compounding. New containment systems, including isolators and biological safety cabinets, are being developed to prevent exposure to hazardous drugs. These technologies provide improved protection for healthcare workers by creating secure environments for drug compounding. As these technologies advance, they are expected to increase their adoption in hospitals and pharmacies around the world.
• Focus on Training and Education: The number of safety concerns about hazardous drugs is on the rise, and so is the training and education of healthcare workers in compounding these drugs. Training programs are being designed to ensure that these workers are well equipped with the dangers and handling of these hazardous drugs. Moreover, educational initiatives related to hazardous drugs have appeared on the market to enhance the knowledge and skills of healthcare professionals.

All these advancements about developing automated compounding systems, CSTDs, regulatory initiatives, advancement in containment technology, and high focus on training are making the hazardous drug compounding system market safer, more efficient, and compliant. As these development infrastructures continue to pop up, they would significantly improve the handling of hazardous drugs and safeguard the healthcare worker.

Strategic Growth Opportunities in the Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market

The global market for hazardous drug compounding systems comprises several growth prospects across key applications that include oncology drug compounding.

• Oncology Drug Compounding: The greatest growth opportunity in hazardous drug compounding systems is represented by oncology drug compounding. This fact is supported by the increasing incidence of cancer, coupled with the growing demand for chemotherapy drugs and treatment. Automated systems and CSTDs are particularly advantageous in oncology environments to prevent both contamination and exposure of toxic chemotherapy agents.
• Pharmacy Compounding Services: Pharmacy compounding services are the other area of growth, as healthcare providers seek customized medicines for patients. As regulations for compounding hazardous drugs are tightened, pharmacies opt for advanced systems that can meet the safety standards in preparation while assuring the exact drug preparation. The growth of personalized medicine and patient-specific formulations of drugs is going to keep up the demand for hazardous drug compounding systems in the pharmacies.
• Hospital and Clinic Adoption: Hazardous drug compounding systems are very important to hospitals and clinics that offer chemotherapy treatment. There is a growing interest in worker safety and regulatory compliance, which will cause healthcare facilities to adopt more advanced compounding technologies. These systems ensure accurate and safe drug preparation and are, therefore, essential in settings where patient safety and staff protection are the most important concerns.
• Veterinary Applications: Hazardous drug compounding systems have growing applications in veterinary medicine. As the use of hazardous drugs in veterinary oncology and other treatments increases, so does the need for systems that can compound and prepare them safely. Veterinary clinics and hospitals are incorporating automated compounding systems into their facilities to make the preparation of drugs safer and more efficient. Growth in this sector is becoming a result of adapting to such changes.
• Environmental and Safety Monitoring: The hazardous drug compounding market is witnessing an emerging growth opportunity in the form of environmental and safety monitoring. Importantly, monitoring systems assure the safe handling of hazardous drugs and track the resultant exposure levels; these are impacting significantly. Since healthcare facilities must comply with regulatory standards and maintain a safe environment for workers, there is much demand for comprehensive safety and environmental monitoring solutions.

These growth opportunities are based on oncology drug compounding, pharmacy services, hospital and clinic adoption, veterinary applications, and environmental monitoring, and will shape the future of the hazardous drug compounding system market. Demand for safer, more efficient systems will continue to drive market expansion based on these applications.

Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market Driver and Challenges

There are several drivers and challenges that are influencing the hazardous drug compounding system market, which includes technological, regulatory, and economic factors.

The factors responsible for driving the hazardous drug compounding system market include:

1. Advancements in Compounding Technology: Technological advancement is one of the major factors propelling the hazardous drug compounding system market. New automated systems, improved drug transfer devices, and containment technologies enhance the safety and efficiency of the drug compounding process. The innovation makes it easy for healthcare facilities to comply with the regulatory requirements and ensure the safety of healthcare workers and patients.

2. Focus on Worker Safety: With increased awareness regarding the risks of harmful drugs, there is a great need for safer compounding systems. There is an increasing emphasis on healthcare worker safety, which drives the adoption of technologies designed to minimize harmful exposures to hazardous substances. It is these increases in worker safety that are moving the markets toward greater advances in more protective compounding solutions.

3. Toughest Regulatory Standards: Stricter regulations by the FDA and OSHA for hazardous drug compounding are stimulating the growth in the hazardous drug compounding system market. In this regard, stringent regulations demand healthcare facilities to adopt safer methods of drug compounding, resulting in the rising demand for sophisticated systems that will meet these standards.

Challenges in the hazardous drug compounding system market are:

1. High Costs of Advanced Systems: The cost of advanced hazardous drug compounding systems is a significant challenge, especially for smaller healthcare facilities. These systems often require significant investments in equipment and training. High costs may deter the widespread adoption of these systems, especially in developing regions.

2. Regulatory Compliance Issues: While regulatory guidelines are pushing innovation, navigating the complex regulatory landscape for hazardous drug compounding systems is challenging. Constant updates to equipment and processes are necessary to keep pace with evolving safety standards, which can be time-consuming and costly for healthcare facilities.

3. Low awareness in emerging markets: The lack of awareness of drug compounding safety in hazardous situations in emerging markets is a key challenge to this market's growth. Most developing regions' hospitals and healthcare settings do not possess the necessary materials and knowledge base to implement leading-edge compounding systems. An awareness campaign concerning the need to compound drugs is essential for business expansion in those regions.

The hazardous drug compounding system market is driven by technological advancements, a focus on worker safety, and regulatory guidelines. Challenges such as high costs, regulatory compliance, and limited awareness in emerging markets are expected to impact the sustainability of market growth.

List of Hazardous Drug Compounding System Companies

• Companies in the market compete on the basis of product quality offered. Major players in this market focus on expanding their manufacturing facilities, R&D investments, infrastructural development, and leverage integration opportunities across the value chain. With these strategies, hazardous drug compounding system companies cater to increasing demand, ensure competitive effectiveness, develop innovative products & technologies, reduce production costs, and expand their customer base. Some of the hazardous drug compounding system companies profiled in this report include:
• BD Medical
• Equashield
• ICU Medical
• Simplivia
• B. Braun
• Baxter
• Comecer
• Grifols
• ARxiUM
• Newlcon

Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Segment

The study includes a forecast for the global hazardous drug compounding system market by type, application, and region.

Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Type [Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• Sterile Compounding Systems
• Non-Sterile Compounding Systems

Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Application [Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• Hospital Pharmacies
• Outpatient/Community Pharmacies
• Research and Development Laboratories
• Others

Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Region [Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• The Rest of the World

Country Wise Outlook for the Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market

The global hazardous drug compounding system market has experienced rapid developments in the past few years, which are attributed to growing regulations and a safety focus in pharmaceutical compounding. Hazardous drug compounding is crucial in the preparation of drugs that are considered dangerous, such as chemotherapy agents. As awareness regarding the safe handling and preparation of these drugs increases, changes in regulations, technological advancements, and market demands are seen in countries such as the United States, China, Germany, India, and Japan. The market is responding with new innovations in compounding systems designed to protect healthcare workers and improve the overall efficiency of drug preparation.

• United States: This market, especially in the United States, is growing at an incredible pace due to stringent regulations by the FDA and OSHA. The push by the FDA for stiffer standards on compounding hazardous drugs, as enshrined in the Drug Quality and Security Act, among others, will influence the market. Investments in safer and more efficient compounding technologies are being made by pharmaceutical companies to adhere to these regulations. In addition, the need for automated compounding systems is growing, with healthcare facilities looking for ways to reduce human error and exposure to hazardous drugs, thus providing a safer workplace for staff.
• China: The Chinese hazardous drug compounding system market is rapidly growing, with the government strengthening its regulations on the safe handling of hazardous drugs. Growth in the Chinese pharmaceutical industry has also been stimulated through increasing demand for advanced drug compounding systems in oncology and chemotherapy treatments. Though the country has some difficulties with training workers and raising the public's awareness regarding safety standards, automation of compounding systems is the emerging trend. This change to automation will ensure that the drugs are prepared with greater efficiency and accuracy while at the same time reducing the dangers of handling hazardous drugs.
• Germany: Germany is moving its hazardous drug compounding system market forward with emphasis on safety for the workers and adherence to the regulatory requirements. The European Union's efforts to increase the strictness of guidelines on the handling of drugs have led Germany to use more advanced compounding technologies to adhere to the new standards of safety. The country has been embracing the use of closed-system drug transfer devices (CSTDs) and automated compounding devices in reducing the risks of drug contamination and exposure. The German market is expected to grow further because of the need for safety in drug compounding, especially in hospitals and oncology clinics.
• India: The hazardous drug compounding system market in India is increasing because of awareness about the risk associated with handling hazardous drugs. The pharmaceutical industry is expanding rapidly, and the number of cancer treatments is increasing. It is more crucial now than ever to have effective drug compounding systems. However, India lags behind in awareness and training in the right safety protocols. Still, there is a trend towards automation, which is reducing safety concerns and improving efficiency in drug compounding. According to the improvement and spreading awareness, India's hazardous drug compounding systems shall continue to market, which is gradually increasing.
• Japan: Japan's hazardous drug compounding system evolves with a clear focus on safety with its precision. Such a country seeks advanced compounding systems due to the increasing interest in oncological treatments and striving healthcare worker protection standards. This means that the country's healthcare sector has increasingly begun to adopt automated systems and technology for safer and efficient compounding. Additionally, there is an increase in the proportion of elderly citizens in the population that further leads to more patients seeking chemotherapy treatment. Japan is likely to continue on a straight growth path in the hazardous drug compounding system market as it continues improving the safety standards surrounding the handling of hazardous drugs.

Features of the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market

• Market Size Estimates: Hazardous drug compounding system market size estimation in terms of value ($B).
• Trend and Forecast Analysis: Market trends (2019 to 2024) and forecast (2025 to 2031) by various segments and regions.
• Segmentation Analysis: Hazardous drug compounding system market size by type, application, and region in terms of value ($B).
• Regional Analysis: Hazardous drug compounding system market breakdown by North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of the World.
• Growth Opportunities: Analysis of growth opportunities in different types, applications, and regions for the hazardous drug compounding system market.
• Strategic Analysis: This includes M&A, new product development, and competitive landscape of the hazardous drug compounding system market.

Analysis of competitive intensity of the industry based on Porter's Five Forces model.

This report answers the following 11 key questions:

• Q.1. What are some of the most promising, high-growth opportunities for the hazardous drug compounding system market by type (sterile compounding systems and non-sterile compounding systems), application (hospital pharmacies, outpatient/community pharmacies, research and development laboratories, and others), and region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the World)?
• Q.2. Which segments will grow at a faster pace and why?
• Q.3. Which region will grow at a faster pace and why?
• Q.4. What are the key factors affecting market dynamics? What are the key challenges and business risks in this market?
• Q.5. What are the business risks and competitive threats in this market?
• Q.6. What are the emerging trends in this market and the reasons behind them?
• Q.7. What are some of the changing demands of customers in the market?
• Q.8. What are the new developments in the market? Which companies are leading these developments?
• Q.9. Who are the major players in this market? What strategic initiatives are key players pursuing for business growth?
• Q.10. What are some of the competing products in this market and how big of a threat do they pose for loss of market share by material or product substitution?
• Q.11. What M&A activity has occurred in the last 5 years and what has its impact been on the industry?

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. Market Overview

• 2.1 Background and Classifications
• 2.2 Supply Chain

3. Market Trends & Forecast Analysis

• 3.1 Macroeconomic Trends and Forecasts
• 3.2 Industry Drivers and Challenges
• 3.3 PESTLE Analysis
• 3.4 Patent Analysis
• 3.5 Regulatory Environment

4. Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Type

• 4.1 Overview
• 4.2 Attractiveness Analysis by Type
• 4.3 Sterile Compounding Systems: Trends and Forecast (2019-2031)
• 4.4 Non-Sterile Compounding Systems: Trends and Forecast (2019-2031)

5. Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Application

• 5.1 Overview
• 5.2 Attractiveness Analysis by Application
• 5.3 Hospital Pharmacies: Trends and Forecast (2019-2031)
• 5.4 Outpatient/Community Pharmacies: Trends and Forecast (2019-2031)
• 5.5 Research and Development Laboratories: Trends and Forecast (2019-2031)
• 5.6 Others: Trends and Forecast (2019-2031)

6. Regional Analysis

• 6.1 Overview
• 6.2 Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Region

7. North American Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market

• 7.1 Overview
• 7.2 North American Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Type
• 7.3 North American Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Application
• 7.4 United States Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market
• 7.5 Mexican Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market
• 7.6 Canadian Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market

8. European Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market

• 8.1 Overview
• 8.2 European Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Type
• 8.3 European Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Application
• 8.4 German Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market
• 8.5 French Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market
• 8.6 Spanish Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market
• 8.7 Italian Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market
• 8.8 United Kingdom Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market

9. APAC Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market

• 9.1 Overview
• 9.2 APAC Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Type
• 9.3 APAC Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Application
• 9.4 Japanese Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market
• 9.5 Indian Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market
• 9.6 Chinese Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market
• 9.7 South Korean Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market
• 9.8 Indonesian Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market

10. ROW Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market

• 10.1 Overview
• 10.2 ROW Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Type
• 10.3 ROW Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market by Application
• 10.4 Middle Eastern Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market
• 10.5 South American Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market
• 10.6 African Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market

11. Competitor Analysis

• 11.1 Product Portfolio Analysis
• 11.2 Operational Integration
• 11.3 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
  • Competitive Rivalry
  • Bargaining Power of Buyers
  • Bargaining Power of Suppliers
  • Threat of Substitutes
  • Threat of New Entrants
• 11.4 Market Share Analysis

12. Opportunities & Strategic Analysis

• 12.1 Value Chain Analysis
• 12.2 Growth Opportunity Analysis
  • 12.2.1 Growth Opportunities by Type
  • 12.2.2 Growth Opportunities by Application
• 12.3 Emerging Trends in the Global Hazardous Drug Compounding System Market
• 12.4 Strategic Analysis
  • 12.4.1 New Product Development
  • 12.4.2 Certification and Licensing
  • 12.4.3 Mergers, Acquisitions, Agreements, Collaborations, and Joint Ventures

13. Company Profiles of the Leading Players Across the Value Chain

• 13.1 Competitive Analysis
• 13.2 BD Medical
  • Company Overview
  • Hazardous Drug Compounding System Business Overview
  • New Product Development
  • Merger, Acquisition, and Collaboration
  • Certification and Licensing
• 13.3 Equashield
  • Company Overview
  • Hazardous Drug Compounding System Business Overview
  • New Product Development
  • Merger, Acquisition, and Collaboration
  • Certification and Licensing
• 13.4 ICU Medical
  • Company Overview
  • Hazardous Drug Compounding System Business Overview
  • New Product Development
  • Merger, Acquisition, and Collaboration
  • Certification and Licensing
• 13.5 Simplivia
  • Company Overview
  • Hazardous Drug Compounding System Business Overview
  • New Product Development
  • Merger, Acquisition, and Collaboration
  • Certification and Licensing
• 13.6 B. Braun
  • Company Overview
  • Hazardous Drug Compounding System Business Overview
  • New Product Development
  • Merger, Acquisition, and Collaboration
  • Certification and Licensing
• 13.7 Baxter
  • Company Overview
  • Hazardous Drug Compounding System Business Overview
  • New Product Development
  • Merger, Acquisition, and Collaboration
  • Certification and Licensing
• 13.8 Comecer
  • Company Overview
  • Hazardous Drug Compounding System Business Overview
  • New Product Development
  • Merger, Acquisition, and Collaboration
  • Certification and Licensing
• 13.9 Grifols
  • Company Overview
  • Hazardous Drug Compounding System Business Overview
  • New Product Development
  • Merger, Acquisition, and Collaboration
  • Certification and Licensing
• 13.10 ARxiUM
  • Company Overview
  • Hazardous Drug Compounding System Business Overview
  • New Product Development
  • Merger, Acquisition, and Collaboration
  • Certification and Licensing
• 13.11 Newlcon
  • Company Overview
  • Hazardous Drug Compounding System Business Overview
  • New Product Development
  • Merger, Acquisition, and Collaboration
  • Certification and Licensing

14. Appendix

• 14.1 List of Figures
• 14.2 List of Tables
• 14.3 Research Methodology
• 14.4 Disclaimer
• 14.5 Copyright
• 14.6 Abbreviations and Technical Units
• 14.7 About Us
• 14.8 Contact Us