内ねじ付き銅管市場レポート：動向、予測、競合分析 (2031年まで)

世界の内ねじ付き銅管市場の将来は、冷凍産業、船舶産業、石油化学産業、建設産業、電気産業での機会に期待できそうです。世界の内ねじ付き銅管市場は2025年から2031年にかけてCAGR 6.1％で成長すると予想されます。この市場の主な促進要因は、建設産業やインフラ・プロジェクトの増加、HVACシステムや冷凍機器の需要の高まり、そしてエネルギー効率や持続可能性の重視の高まりです。

• Lucintel社の予測では、種類別では山型歯が予測期間中に最も高い成長を遂げる見込みです。
• 用途別では、建設業が最も高い成長が見込まれます。
• 地域別では、アジア太平洋が予測期間中に最も高い成長が見込まれます。

内ねじ付き銅管市場の戦略的成長機会

内ねじ付き銅管市場は、技術開発や規制の変更、新興市場のニーズの特定と開拓によって、いくつかの戦略的成長機会を提供します。市場の拡大や競争は、こうした機会を活用することから生まれます。

• 先端製造技術への投資：主な成長機会は、精密ねじ切りや自動化などの先端製造技術への投資から生まれる可能性があります。これらの技術は、製品の品質、効率、生産能力を大幅に向上させ、メーカーが需要を満たし、市場におけるより良いポジショニングを達成することを可能にします。
• 鉛フリーで環境に優しい製品開発：無鉛で環境にやさしい銅管を開発することは、規制の要求や持続可能な製品を求める消費者の嗜好に沿うものです。鉛フリーの合金の開発と普及は、環境に配慮した製造方法を採用することと組み合わせることで、環境意識の高い顧客を引きつけ、新しい市場セグメントを開拓することができます。
• 新興市場への進出：アジアとラテンアメリカの新興市場は成長機会を提供します。インフラ整備と工業化が進むこれらの地域は、新たな機会を捉え市場開拓を確実なものとするオーダーメイド・ソリューションと戦略的パートナーシップを通じた事業拡大の道です。
• カスタマイズと特殊ソリューション特定の用途に特化した特殊な内ねじ付き銅管を提供することで、新たな機会が生まれます。自動車、航空宇宙、HVACなどの業界向けにカスタマイズされた製品を提供することで、メーカーはニッチ市場のニーズを満たし、競合他社との差別化を図ることができます。
• スマート技術の統合：センサーやモニタリング・システムを銅管に加えることで、技術革新と付加価値の大きな機会が生まれます。スマートな機能はリアルタイムのデータを提供することで製品の機能性と性能を高め、さまざまな用途で高まる洗練されたソリューションへの需要に応えます。

このレポートで紹介する戦略的成長機会には、高度な製造技術、新興市場、カスタマイズ、スマート技術などがあり、これらすべてが内ねじ付き銅管市場の拡大に寄与しています。このような機会を実現することで、メーカーは顧客の要求に応え、より良い製品を開発し、競争優位に立つことができるのです。

内ねじ付き銅管市場促進要因・課題

いくつかの市場促進要因・課題が内ねじ付き銅管市場に影響を与えています。これらの要素を理解することで、企業は内ねじ付き銅管市場を詳細に把握し、成功を収めることができます。

内ねじ付き銅管市場を牽引する要因は以下の通りです：

• 技術開発：技術開発：製造プロセスや素材の革新が市場を牽引します。精密ねじ切りや自動化などの先端技術は、製品の品質と効率を大幅に高め、さまざまな産業で高まる高性能銅管の需要に対応します。
• 鉛フリー製品への規制要求：配管や水道の鉛規制が厳しくなり、鉛フリーの銅合金の需要が高まっています。この鉛含有量規制へのシフトにより、メーカーは安全基準を満たした製品を製造し、市場を拡大する必要に迫られています。
• パーソナライゼーションへの需要の高まり：付加価値の高い、用途に特化した銅管へのニーズが高まっていることが、市場の成長を後押ししています。自動車や航空宇宙のような業界では、カスタマイズされたソリューションが必要とされ、オーダーメイド製品の需要をさらに高めています。

内ねじ付き銅管市場の課題は以下のとおりです：

• 規制遵守のためのコスト：規制遵守に関連するコスト：鉛の含有量や環境への影響に関する厳しい規制を守ることは、メーカーに高いコストを強いることになります。製品の性能と競合を高めつつコンプライアンスを確保することは、財務上も経営上も課題となります。
• 原材料の価格変動：銅やその他の原材料価格の変動は、製造コストや収益性に影響を与えます。メーカーは、効果的な調達戦略やコスト管理を通じて、こうした変動に対処し、財務の安定性を確保しなければなりません。
• 激しい市場競争：内ねじ付き銅管市場の競合は熾烈で、複数の企業が同じような製品を提供しています。市場シェアを獲得し、成長を維持するためには、革新性、品質、顧客サービスが重要な差別化要因となります。

内ねじ付き銅管市場の促進要因としては、技術の進歩、規制の必要性、カスタマイズの必要性、持続可能性、新興市場への進出などがあげられます。課題としては、コンプライアンス・コスト、原材料価格の変動、競合などが考えられます。こうした力学を理解することは、この市場を成功へと導く上で極めて重要です。

目次

第1章 エグゼクティブサマリー

第2章 世界の内ねじ付き銅管市場：市場力学

• イントロダクション、背景、分類
• サプライチェーン
• 業界の促進要因と課題

第3章 市場動向と予測分析 (2019年～2031年)

• マクロ経済動向 (2019～2024年) と予測 (2025～2031年)
• 世界の内ねじ付き銅管市場の動向 (2019～2024年) と予測 (2025～2031年)
• 世界の内ねじ付き銅管市場：種類別
  • 山型
  • 階段型
  • 頂角型
  • スティレット歯
  • その他
• 世界の内ねじ付き銅管市場：用途別
  • 冷凍産業
  • 造船業
  • 石油化学
  • 建設業
  • 電気産業
  • その他

第4章 地域別の市場動向と予測分析 (2019年～2031年)

• 世界の内ねじ付き銅管市場：地域別
• 北米の内ねじ付き銅管市場
• 欧州の内ねじ付き銅管市場
• アジア太平洋の内ねじ付き銅管市場
• その他地域の内ねじ付き銅管市場

第5章 競合分析

• 製品ポートフォリオ分析
• 運用統合
• ポーターのファイブフォース分析

第6章 成長機会と戦略分析

• 成長機会分析
  • 世界の内ねじ付き銅管市場の成長機会：種類別
  • 世界の内ねじ付き銅管市場の成長機会：用途別
  • 世界の内ねじ付き銅管市場の成長機会：地域別
• 世界の内ねじ付き銅管市場の新たな動向
• 戦略的分析
  • 新製品の開発
  • 世界の内ねじ付き銅管市場の生産能力拡大
  • 世界の内ねじ付き銅管市場における企業合併・買収 (M&A)、合弁事業
  • 認証とライセンシング

第7章 主要企業のプロファイル

• Dragon
• Hailiang
• Mueller Industries
• Ningbo Jintian Copper
• Wieland
• Halcor
• Jiangxi Copper
• KMCT
• Fujian Zijin Mining Industry
• KME

The future of the global internal thread copper tube market looks promising with opportunities in the refrigeration industry, ship industry, petrochemical, construction industry, and electrical industry. The global internal thread copper tube market is expected to grow with a CAGR of 6.1% from 2025 to 2031. The major drivers for this market are the growing construction industry and infrastructure projects, rising demand for HVAC systems and refrigeration equipment, as well as growing emphasis on energy efficiency and sustainability.

• Lucintel forecasts that, within the type category mountain-type tooth is expected to witness the highest growth over the forecast period.
• Within the application category, the construction industry is expected to witness the highest growth.
• In terms of regions, APAC is expected to witness the highest growth over the forecast period.

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Emerging Trends in the Internal Thread Copper Tube Market

The internal thread copper tube market is driven by various contemporary trends that reflect up-to-date developments in technology, changes in consumer preference, and pressures from regulations. These trends are the stimuli toward the dynamics and innovation in product development and process manufacturing.

• Increased usage of lead-free alloys: With the shift in regulations and health concerns, there has been an upward trend in the consumption of lead-free copper alloys. Copper tubes made from lead-free materials have performance characteristics similar to those of traditional copper but with less harm to human health. Stricter regulations regarding the use of lead in plumbing and drinking water systems promote safety and environmental concerns. Consequently, manufacturers must enhance their techniques and aim for improvements in manufacturing technology.
• Manufacturing technologies: Manufacturing technologies continue to innovate, such as precision threading and advanced alloy formulation to improve internal thread copper tubes for better quality and performance. These upgrades can now include increased durability, resistance to corrosion, and thermal conductivity, which meet the demands of a wide industrial base and improve overall productivity.
• Sustainability and eco-friendly practices: There is a growing trend in the market concerning sustainability, wherein manufacturers adopt green manufacturing practices using more environmentally friendly materials. This encompasses waste reduction in manufacturing processes, smelting of copper scrap, and the application of energy-efficient technologies. These practices align favorably with global environmental objectives and appeal to environmentally conscientious consumers and the industrial sector.
• Growth in custom and specialized products: The need for customized sizes and specialized configurations of copper internal thread tubes is increasing. Products that meet special needs in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and HVAC are in demand. This is beneficial for performance enhancement and adaptability to cater to niche market needs.
• Integration of smart technologies: Other trends include embedding smart technologies into the production and usage of copper tubes. The application of sensors and monitoring systems allows for performance observation and further optimizes operations across various applications. Smart technologies improve product functionality and deliver real-time data to enable maintenance and efficiency improvements.

Key emerging trends in lead-free alloys, advanced manufacturing technologies, sustainability practices, custom products, and smart technologies continue to shape the internal thread copper tube market. These trends reflect the industry's responses to regulatory demands, technological developments, and changing consumer needs that drive innovation and growth. Presently, demand has increased in household appliances and electronic components sectors.

Recent Developments in the Internal Thread Copper Tube Market

Recent developments in the internal thread copper tube market depict advancements in technology, consideration for regulatory compliance, and market dynamics. These developments impact product innovation, production methods, and market growth.

• Introduction of lead-free copper alloys: The copper industry has increasingly embraced lead-free copper alloys as legislation emerges alongside health concerns. These materials offer performance similar to that of traditional copper but in a less toxic manner, thus meeting strict regulatory demands imposed on safety. This, in turn, drives growth in applications where toxic risks need to be mitigated, such as plumbing and water systems.
• Advancements in production technologies: Recent advances in the manufacturing process include precision threading and fully automated manufacturing to enhance the quality and efficiency of internal thread copper tubes. These advancements provide improved consistency of products, durability, and performance that meet increasing demands for high-quality copper tubes across various industries.
• Sustainability initiatives and eco-friendly practices: The market is shifting toward sustainability, with manufacturers considering recycling copper scraps and reducing waste from production processes. This trend meets global environmental objectives and satisfies both consumers and industries striving for sustainability. The focus on sustainability has become a key driver for product development and market positioning.
• Expansion of customization and specialized solutions: There is increasing demand for customized and specialized internal thread copper tubes with specifications targeted at specific applications. Consequently, manufacturing companies are focusing on providing products with custom sizes, designs, and alloy compositions to meet unique industry demands in the automotive, aerospace, and HVAC sectors. This aspect fuels innovation and market differentiation.
• Smart technology integration: The application and integration of smart technology in the manufacturing and application of copper tubes are trending. This mainly includes sensors and monitoring systems that track performance and optimize operations. Smart technology enhances product functionality and offers critical data regarding maintenance and potential efficiency improvements.

Recent developments in lead-free alloys, advancements in production technology, sustainability concerns, customization, and smart technology are driving the internal thread copper tube market. Various initiatives within the ecosystem demonstrate the industry's efforts to address new regulations, continuous technological advancement, and changing consumer preferences for growth and innovation.

Strategic Growth Opportunities for the Internal Thread Copper Tube Market

The internal thread copper tube market presents several strategic growth opportunities driven by technological development and regulatory changes, as well as the identification and exploitation of emerging market needs. Market expansion and competitiveness will result from leveraging these identified opportunities.

• Investment in advanced manufacturing technologies: Major growth opportunities can arise from investment in advanced manufacturing technologies, such as precision threading and automation. These technologies greatly improve product quality, efficiency, and production capacity, allowing manufacturers to meet demand and achieve better positioning in markets.
• Lead-free and eco-friendly product development: Focusing on lead-free and eco-friendly copper tubing aligns with regulatory requirements and consumer preferences for sustainable products. The development and promotion of lead-free alloys can be combined with adopting green manufacturing practices to attract environmentally conscious customers and open new market segments.
• Expansion into emerging markets: Emerging markets in regions of Asia and Latin America provide growth opportunities. With ongoing infrastructure development and industrialization, these areas represent avenues for business expansion through tailored solutions and strategic partnerships that capture new opportunities and ensure market growth.
• Customization and specialized solutions: Offering personalized and specialized internal thread copper tubes for specific applications opens new avenues of opportunity. By providing customized products for industries such as automotive, aerospace, and HVAC, manufacturers can meet niche market needs and differentiate themselves from competitors.
• Smart technology integration: The addition of sensors and monitoring systems to copper tubes provides significant opportunities for innovation and value addition. Smart features enhance product functionality and performance by offering real-time data, thus meeting the growing demand for sophisticated solutions across various applications.

These strategic growth opportunities presented in this report include advanced manufacturing technologies, emerging markets, customization, and smart technology, all contributing to the expansion of the internal thread copper tube market. Realizing these opportunities enables manufacturers to meet customer demands, develop better product offerings, and achieve a competitive advantage.

Internal Thread Copper Tube Market Driver and Challenges

Several drivers and challenges affect the internal thread copper tube market, including technological changes, economic factors, and regulatory requirements. Understanding these elements provides companies with an in-depth view of the internal thread copper tube market for achieving success.

The factors driving the internal thread copper tube market include:

• Technological developments: Innovations in manufacturing processes and materials drive the market. Advanced technologies, such as precision threading and automation, significantly enhance product quality and efficiency, addressing the increasing demand for high-performance copper tubes across various industries.
• Regulatory requirements for lead-free products: Stricter controls on lead levels in plumbing and water systems increase demand for lead-free copper alloys. This shift toward regulations on lead content compels manufacturers to produce products that meet safety standards and expand their market reach.
• Growing demand for personalization: The increasing need for value-added and application-specific copper tubes drives market growth. Industries such as automotive and aerospace require customized solutions, further boosting demand for tailored products.

Challenges in the internal thread copper tube market include:

• Costs related to regulatory compliance: Manufacturing adherence to strict regulations concerning lead content and environmental impact imposes high costs on manufacturers. Ensuring compliance while boosting product performance and competitiveness presents financial and operational challenges.
• Price fluctuations of raw materials: Variability in copper prices and other raw materials affects production costs and profitability. Manufacturers must manage these fluctuations through effective sourcing strategies and cost control to ensure financial stability.
• Intense market competition: Competition in the internal thread copper tube market is fierce, with multiple players offering similar products. Innovation, quality, and customer service will be critical differentiators for capturing market share and maintaining growth.

Drivers for the internal thread copper tube market include increased technological advancements, regulatory requirements, customization needs, sustainability, and expansion into emerging markets. Challenges may arise from compliance costs, raw material price fluctuations, and competition, necessitating effective management to mitigate these issues. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for navigating this market toward success.

List of Internal Thread Copper Tube Companies

Companies in the market compete on the basis of product quality offered. Major players in this market focus on expanding their manufacturing facilities, R&D investments, infrastructural development, and leverage integration opportunities across the value chain. Through these strategies internal thread copper tube companies cater increasing demand, ensure competitive effectiveness, develop innovative products & technologies, reduce production costs, and expand their customer base. Some of the internal thread copper tube companies profiled in this report include-

• Dragon
• Hailiang
• Mueller Industries
• Ningbo Jintian Copper
• Wieland
• Halcor
• Jiangxi Copper
• KMCT
• Fujian Zijin Mining Industry
• KME

Internal Thread Copper Tube by Segment

The study includes a forecast for the global internal thread copper tube market by type, application, and region.

Internal Thread Copper Tube Market by Type [Analysis by Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• Mountain Type
• Ladder Type
• Apex Angle
• A Stiletto Tooth
• Others

Internal Thread Copper Tube Market by Application [Analysis by Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• Refrigeration Industry
• Ship Industry
• Petrochemical
• Construction Industry
• Electrical Industry
• Others

Internal Thread Copper Tube Market by Region [Analysis by Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• The Rest of the World

Country Wise Outlook for the Internal Thread Copper Tube Market

The internal thread copper tube market is expanding due to significant advances in technology, shifting regulatory dynamics, and evolving industry needs. Internal thread copper tubes are critical in plumbing, HVAC systems, and other industrial processes. Recent advancements in the United States, China, Germany, India, and Japan reveal trends in product innovation, manufacturing techniques, and market dynamics.

• United States: The most significant transitions in the U.S. include high-efficiency copper tubes for improved performance in HVAC and plumbing applications. Enhanced manufacturing methods, such as threading and alloy composition, have increased durability and resistance to corrosion. Additionally, regulatory changes to reduce lead content in plumbing materials have prompted manufacturers to focus on lead-free copper alloys. There is also a growing demand for custom-sized tubes to meet specialized requirements.
• China: The internal thread copper tube market in China is experiencing rapid growth due to ongoing construction and industrialization. Recent developments involve adopting advanced manufacturing processes that provide better accuracy in threading, resulting in higher-quality copper tubes. Furthermore, there is a rising demand for eco-friendly products driven by increased ecological awareness and stricter regulations. Chinese manufacturers are developing high-performance copper tubes with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties, supported by investments in research and development to meet both domestic and international market demands.
• Germany: The internal thread copper tube market in Germany emphasizes sustainability and quality. Recent developments include energy-efficient manufacturing processes and the use of high-purity copper to enhance performance and longevity. German producers prioritize compliance with stringent European Union legislation concerning safe material usage and environmental protection. Innovative designs and customized solutions for the automotive and aerospace industries are currently driving market trends.
• Indian: The internal thread copper tube market in India has also witnessed growth due to rapid urbanization and infrastructure development. Recent industry developments include the introduction of cost-effective manufacturing methods and the use of superior alloy compositions to achieve greater strength and functionality in copper tubing. Manufacturers are working to improve product standards and increase production volumes to meet rising demand from the plumbing and refrigeration sectors. Additionally, production systems are striving for greater energy efficiency to align with global sustainability trends.
• Japan: The internal thread copper tube market in Japan is characterized by a focus on technological innovation and precision engineering. Recent product developments include advanced threading technologies and the use of high-grade copper alloys for improved performance and reliability. Japanese manufacturers are dedicated to producing products that meet rigorous quality standards and environmental regulations. There is increasing market demand for copper tubes with enhanced thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, driven by various high-tech applications and industrial purposes.

Features of the Global Internal Thread Copper Tube Market

Market Size Estimates: Internal thread copper tube market size estimation in terms of value ($B).

Trend and Forecast Analysis: Market trends (2019 to 2024) and forecast (2025 to 2031) by various segments and regions.

Segmentation Analysis: Internal thread copper tube market size by type, application, and region in terms of value ($B).

Regional Analysis: Internal thread copper tube market breakdown by North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of the World.

Growth Opportunities: Analysis of growth opportunities in different types, applications, and regions for the internal thread copper tube market.

Strategic Analysis: This includes M&A, new product development, and competitive landscape of the internal thread copper tube market.

Analysis of competitive intensity of the industry based on Porter's Five Forces model.

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This report answers following 11 key questions:

• Q.1. What are some of the most promising, high-growth opportunities for the internal thread copper tube market by type (mountain type, ladder type, apex angle, a stiletto tooth, and others), application (refrigeration industry, ship industry, petrochemical, construction industry, electrical industry, and others), and region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the World)?
• Q.2. Which segments will grow at a faster pace and why?
• Q.3. Which region will grow at a faster pace and why?
• Q.4. What are the key factors affecting market dynamics? What are the key challenges and business risks in this market?
• Q.5. What are the business risks and competitive threats in this market?
• Q.6. What are the emerging trends in this market and the reasons behind them?
• Q.7. What are some of the changing demands of customers in the market?
• Q.8. What are the new developments in the market? Which companies are leading these developments?
• Q.9. Who are the major players in this market? What strategic initiatives are key players pursuing for business growth?
• Q.10. What are some of the competing products in this market and how big of a threat do they pose for loss of market share by material or product substitution?
• Q.11. What M&A activity has occurred in the last 5 years and what has its impact been on the industry?

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. Global Internal Thread Copper Tube Market : Market Dynamics

• 2.1: Introduction, Background, and Classifications
• 2.2: Supply Chain
• 2.3: Industry Drivers and Challenges

3. Market Trends and Forecast Analysis from 2019 to 2031

• 3.1. Macroeconomic Trends (2019-2024) and Forecast (2025-2031)
• 3.2. Global Internal Thread Copper Tube Market Trends (2019-2024) and Forecast (2025-2031)
• 3.3: Global Internal Thread Copper Tube Market by Type
  • 3.3.1: Mountain Type
  • 3.3.2: Ladder Type
  • 3.3.3: Apex Angle
  • 3.3.4: A Stiletto Tooth
  • 3.3.5: Others
• 3.4: Global Internal Thread Copper Tube Market by Application
  • 3.4.1: Refrigeration Industry
  • 3.4.2: Ship Industry
  • 3.4.3: Petrochemical
  • 3.4.4: Construction Industry
  • 3.4.5: Electrical Industry
  • 3.4.6: Others

4. Market Trends and Forecast Analysis by Region from 2019 to 2031

4. Market Trends and Forecast Analysis by Region from 2019 to 2031

• 4.1: Global Internal Thread Copper Tube Market by Region
• 4.2: North American Internal Thread Copper Tube Market
  • 4.2.1: North American Internal Thread Copper Tube Market by Type: Mountain Type, Ladder Type, Apex Angle, A Stiletto Tooth, and Others
  • 4.2.2: North American Internal Thread Copper Tube Market by Application: Refrigeration Industry, Ship Industry, Petrochemical, Construction Industry, Electrical Industry, and Others
• 4.3: European Internal Thread Copper Tube Market
  • 4.3.1: European Internal Thread Copper Tube Market by Type: Mountain Type, Ladder Type, Apex Angle, A Stiletto Tooth, and Others
  • 4.3.2: European Internal Thread Copper Tube Market by Application: Refrigeration Industry, Ship Industry, Petrochemical, Construction Industry, Electrical Industry, and Others
• 4.4: APAC Internal Thread Copper Tube Market
  • 4.4.1: APAC Internal Thread Copper Tube Market by Type: Mountain Type, Ladder Type, Apex Angle, A Stiletto Tooth, and Others
  • 4.4.2: APAC Internal Thread Copper Tube Market by Application: Refrigeration Industry, Ship Industry, Petrochemical, Construction Industry, Electrical Industry, and Others
• 4.5: ROW Internal Thread Copper Tube Market
  • 4.5.1: ROW Internal Thread Copper Tube Market by Type: Mountain Type, Ladder Type, Apex Angle, A Stiletto Tooth, and Others
  • 4.5.2: ROW Internal Thread Copper Tube Market by Application: Refrigeration Industry, Ship Industry, Petrochemical, Construction Industry, Electrical Industry, and Others

5. Competitor Analysis

• 5.1: Product Portfolio Analysis
• 5.2: Operational Integration
• 5.3: Porter's Five Forces Analysis

6. Growth Opportunities and Strategic Analysis

• 6.1: Growth Opportunity Analysis
  • 6.1.1: Growth Opportunities for the Global Internal Thread Copper Tube Market by Type
  • 6.1.2: Growth Opportunities for the Global Internal Thread Copper Tube Market by Application
  • 6.1.3: Growth Opportunities for the Global Internal Thread Copper Tube Market by Region
• 6.2: Emerging Trends in the Global Internal Thread Copper Tube Market
• 6.3: Strategic Analysis
  • 6.3.1: New Product Development
  • 6.3.2: Capacity Expansion of the Global Internal Thread Copper Tube Market
  • 6.3.3: Mergers, Acquisitions, and Joint Ventures in the Global Internal Thread Copper Tube Market
  • 6.3.4: Certification and Licensing

7. Company Profiles of Leading Players

• 7.1: Dragon
• 7.2: Hailiang
• 7.3: Mueller Industries
• 7.4: Ningbo Jintian Copper
• 7.5: Wieland
• 7.6: Halcor
• 7.7: Jiangxi Copper
• 7.8: KMCT
• 7.9: Fujian Zijin Mining Industry
• 7.10: KME