デフォルト表紙
市場調査レポート
商品コード
1636375

科学技術出版市場レポート:製品別、エンドユーザー別、地域別、2025-2033年

Scientific and Technical Publication Market Report by Product (Books, Journals, E-Books, Online Services), End User (Students, Professionals), and Region 2025-2033


出版日
発行
IMARC
ページ情報
英文 129 Pages
納期
2~3営業日
カスタマイズ可能
価格
価格表記: USDを日本円(税抜)に換算
本日の銀行送金レート: 1USD=144.06円
科学技術出版市場レポート:製品別、エンドユーザー別、地域別、2025-2033年
出版日: 2025年01月10日
発行: IMARC
ページ情報: 英文 129 Pages
納期: 2~3営業日
GIIご利用のメリット
  • 全表示
  • 概要
  • 図表
  • 目次
概要

科学技術出版市場の世界市場規模は2024年に122億米ドルに達しました。今後、IMARC Groupは、市場は2033年までに138億米ドルに達し、2025年から2033年にかけて1.41%の成長率(CAGR)を示すと予測しています。発明、発見、新技術、および農業、植物・環境科学、航空宇宙分野での応用に関する深い知識を得るために、大学全体で科学技術出版が広く採用されていることが、市場を牽引する重要な要因の一つとなっています。

科学技術(S&T)出版とは、学術誌、オンラインサービス、電子書籍、論文形式で出版される、科学、工学、技術に基づく様々な記事、情報、文書のことです。物理学、生物学、化学、数学、宇宙科学、臨床医学、生物医学研究、工学など、多様な分野に関する詳細な内容が含まれます。これらの出版物は、独立した学者や科学研究者が、原著論文、症例報告、叙述、システマティックレビュー、インタビュー、画像表現、論説解説などを分析した上で構成されています。科学技術出版は、未解決の疑問に基づいて研究計画やプロジェクトを立案し、既存の理論を理解し、批判的思考能力や科学的事実の知識を向上させるのに役立ちます。その結果、これらの出版物は、教育、航空宇宙、防衛などの業界全体で幅広く活用されています。

科学技術出版市場傾向:

教育機関や大学で科学技術出版が広く採用されていることは、市場成長を促進する重要な要因の1つです。さらに、着実に拡大する出版部門も、成長を促す大きな要因となっています。これに伴い、科学技術知識に関連する文献の出版量が増加しており、これが市場成長に寄与しています。印刷出版物に比べてデジタル出版物の人気が着実に高まっていることも、市場の成長を後押ししています。これはCOVID-19パンデミックの突然の発生時にさらに促進され、科学的知識のデジタル普及を大きく推進し、市場成長に寄与しています。また、科学技術出版をオープンアクセス(OA)化する取り組みが増加していることも市場を牽引しています。このような取り組みにより、研究論文、雑誌記事、会議録など様々な形で、科学技術スキル、専門知識、重要な情報が自由かつ広範囲に拡散されるようになります。これに伴い、電子ジャーナル出版物の増加や、科学的に重要なテーマに関するウェビナーの開催が、市場の成長に寄与しています。その他の要因としては、高速インターネットの普及、印刷出版物の手頃な価格、科学技術研究に重点を置く施設や研究機関の増加、各国政府による科学技術分野への予算増額、広範な研究開発活動などがあり、市場の見通しは明るいです。

本レポートで扱う主な質問

  • 2024年の世界の科学技術出版市場の市場規模は?
  • 2025年~2033年の世界の科学技術出版市場の予想成長率は?
  • 世界の科学技術出版市場を牽引する主要因は何か?
  • 世界の科学技術出版市場に対するCOVID-19の影響は?
  • 世界の科学技術出版市場の製品別内訳は?
  • 世界の科学技術出版市場のエンドユーザー別内訳は?
  • 科学技術出版市場の世界における主要地域は?
  • 世界の科学技術出版市場における主要プレイヤー/企業は?

目次

第1章 序文

第2章 調査範囲と調査手法

  • 調査の目的
  • ステークホルダー
  • データソース
    • 一次情報
    • 二次情報
  • 市場推定
    • ボトムアップアプローチ
    • トップダウンアプローチ
  • 調査手法

第3章 エグゼクティブサマリー

第4章 イントロダクション

  • 概要
  • 主要業界動向

第5章 世界の科学技術出版市場

  • 市場概要
  • 市場実績
  • COVID-19の影響
  • 市場予測

第6章 市場内訳:製品別

  • 書籍
    • 市場動向
    • 市場予測
  • ジャーナル
    • 市場動向
    • 市場予測
  • 電子書籍
    • 市場動向
    • 市場予測
  • オンラインサービス
    • 市場動向
    • 市場予測

第7章 市場内訳:エンドユーザー別

  • 学生
    • 市場動向
    • 市場予測
  • 専門家
    • 市場動向
    • 市場予測

第8章 市場内訳:地域別

  • 北米
    • 米国
    • カナダ
  • アジア太平洋地域
    • 中国
    • 日本
    • インド
    • 韓国
    • オーストラリア
    • インドネシア
    • その他
  • 欧州
    • ドイツ
    • フランス
    • 英国
    • イタリア
    • スペイン
    • ロシア
    • その他
  • ラテンアメリカ
    • ブラジル
    • メキシコ
    • その他
  • 中東・アフリカ

第9章 促進要因・抑制要因・機会

  • 概要
  • 促進要因
  • 抑制要因
  • 機会

第10章 バリューチェーン分析

第11章 ポーターのファイブフォース分析

  • 概要
  • 買い手の交渉力
  • 供給企業の交渉力
  • 競合の程度
  • 新規参入業者の脅威
  • 代替品の脅威

第12章 価格分析

第13章 競合情勢

  • 市場構造
  • 主要企業
  • 主要企業のプロファイル
    • ACTA Press
    • Canadian Science Publishing
    • Elsevier(RELX plc)
    • Informa PLC
    • John Wiley & Sons Inc.
    • Springer Science+Business Media
    • Wolters Kluwer N.V.
図表

List of Figures

  • Figure 1: Global: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Major Drivers and Challenges
  • Figure 2: Global: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Sales Value (in Billion USD), 2019-2024
  • Figure 3: Global: Scientific and Technical Publication Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Billion USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 4: Global: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Breakup by Product (in %), 2024
  • Figure 5: Global: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Breakup by End User (in %), 2024
  • Figure 6: Global: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Breakup by Region (in %), 2024
  • Figure 7: Global: Scientific and Technical Publication (Books) Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
  • Figure 8: Global: Scientific and Technical Publication (Books) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 9: Global: Scientific and Technical Publication (Journals) Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
  • Figure 10: Global: Scientific and Technical Publication (Journals) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 11: Global: Scientific and Technical Publication (E-Books) Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
  • Figure 12: Global: Scientific and Technical Publication (E-Books) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 13: Global: Scientific and Technical Publication (Online Services) Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
  • Figure 14: Global: Scientific and Technical Publication (Online Services) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 15: Global: Scientific and Technical Publication (Students) Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
  • Figure 16: Global: Scientific and Technical Publication (Students) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 17: Global: Scientific and Technical Publication (Professionals) Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
  • Figure 18: Global: Scientific and Technical Publication (Professionals) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 19: North America: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
  • Figure 20: North America: Scientific and Technical Publication Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 21: United States: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
  • Figure 22: United States: Scientific and Technical Publication Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 23: Canada: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
  • Figure 24: Canada: Scientific and Technical Publication Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 25: Asia-Pacific: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
  • Figure 26: Asia-Pacific: Scientific and Technical Publication Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 27: China: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
  • Figure 28: China: Scientific and Technical Publication Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 29: Japan: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
  • Figure 30: Japan: Scientific and Technical Publication Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 31: India: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
  • Figure 32: India: Scientific and Technical Publication Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 33: South Korea: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
  • Figure 34: South Korea: Scientific and Technical Publication Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 35: Australia: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
  • Figure 36: Australia: Scientific and Technical Publication Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 37: Indonesia: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
  • Figure 38: Indonesia: Scientific and Technical Publication Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 39: Others: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
  • Figure 40: Others: Scientific and Technical Publication Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 41: Europe: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
  • Figure 42: Europe: Scientific and Technical Publication Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 43: Germany: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
  • Figure 44: Germany: Scientific and Technical Publication Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 45: France: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
  • Figure 46: France: Scientific and Technical Publication Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 47: United Kingdom: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
  • Figure 48: United Kingdom: Scientific and Technical Publication Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 49: Italy: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
  • Figure 50: Italy: Scientific and Technical Publication Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 51: Spain: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
  • Figure 52: Spain: Scientific and Technical Publication Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 53: Russia: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
  • Figure 54: Russia: Scientific and Technical Publication Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 55: Others: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
  • Figure 56: Others: Scientific and Technical Publication Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 57: Latin America: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
  • Figure 58: Latin America: Scientific and Technical Publication Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 59: Brazil: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
  • Figure 60: Brazil: Scientific and Technical Publication Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 61: Mexico: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
  • Figure 62: Mexico: Scientific and Technical Publication Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 63: Others: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
  • Figure 64: Others: Scientific and Technical Publication Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 65: Middle East and Africa: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
  • Figure 66: Middle East and Africa: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Breakup by Country (in %), 2024
  • Figure 67: Middle East and Africa: Scientific and Technical Publication Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Figure 68: Global: Scientific and Technical Publication Industry: Drivers, Restraints, and Opportunities
  • Figure 69: Global: Scientific and Technical Publication Industry: Value Chain Analysis
  • Figure 70: Global: Scientific and Technical Publication Industry: Porter's Five Forces Analysis

List of Tables

  • Table 1: Global: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Key Industry Highlights, 2024 & 2033
  • Table 2: Global: Scientific and Technical Publication Market Forecast: Breakup by Product (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Table 3: Global: Scientific and Technical Publication Market Forecast: Breakup by End User (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Table 4: Global: Scientific and Technical Publication Market Forecast: Breakup by Region (in Million USD), 2025-2033
  • Table 5: Global: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Competitive Structure
  • Table 6: Global: Scientific and Technical Publication Market: Key Players
目次
Product Code: SR112025A6734

The global scientific and technical publication market size reached USD 12.2 Billion in 2024. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the market to reach USD 13.8 Billion by 2033, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 1.41% during 2025-2033. The widespread adoption of scientific and technical publications across universities to gain in-depth knowledge regarding inventions, discoveries, novel technologies, and their applications in agriculture, botanical and environmental sciences, and aerospace represents some of the key factors driving the market.

Scientific and technical (S&T) publication is a range of science, engineering, and technology-based published articles, information, and documents in journals, online services, e-books, and thesis formats. It encompasses in-depth content regarding diverse areas, including physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, space sciences, clinical medicine, biomedical research, and engineering. These publications are composed by independent scholars and scientific researchers after analyzing original articles, case reports, narratives, systematic reviews, interviews, pictorial representations, and editorial commentaries. Scientific and technical publications help design research plans and projects based on unanswered questions, understand existing theories, and improve critical thinking abilities and knowledge of scientific facts. Consequently, these publications find extensive utilization across industries, such as education, aerospace and defense.

Scientific and Technical Publication Market Trends:

The widespread adoption of scientific and technical publications across educational institutions and universities represents one of the key factors driving the market growth. Additionally, the steadily expanding publishing sector is acting as another major growth-inducing factor. In line with this, there is an increasing amount of literature that is being published pertaining to scientific and technical knowledge, which is contributing to the market growth. The steadily rising popularity of digital publications as compared to print publications is also driving the market toward growth. This was further facilitated during the sudden outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic which propelled the digital dissemination of scientific knowledge significantly, thus contributing to the market growth. The market is also driven by the increasing initiatives to make scientific and technical publications open access (OA). Such endeavors ensure free and widespread dispersal of scientific and technical skills, expertise and crucial information in various forms, such as research papers, journal articles and conference proceedings. In line with this, an increasing number of e-journal publications and hosting of webinars on subjects of scientific importance are contributing to the market growth. Other factors, such as the increasing penetration of high-speed internet, affordable costs of print publications, rising number of establishments and institutes focusing on scientific and technical research, the allocation of increased budgets to the science and technology sector by governments of various nations, and extensive research and development activities, are creating a positive outlook for the market.

Key Market Segmentation:

Product Insights:

  • Books
  • Journals
  • E-Books
  • Online Services
  • The report has also provided a detailed breakup and analysis of scientific and technical publication market based on the product. This includes books, journals, e-books, and online services. According to the report, journals represented the largest segment.

End User Insights:

  • Students
  • Professionals

Regional Insights:

  • North America
  • United States
  • Canada
  • Asia Pacific
  • China
  • Japan
  • India
  • South Korea
  • Australia
  • Indonesia
  • Others
  • Europe
  • Germany
  • France
  • United Kingdom
  • Italy
  • Spain
  • Russia
  • Others
  • Latin America
  • Brazil
  • Mexico
  • Others
  • Middle East and Africa
  • The report has also provided a comprehensive analysis of all the major regional markets that include North America (the United States and Canada); Europe (Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Russia, and others); Asia Pacific (China, Japan, India, South Korea, Australia, Indonesia, and others); Latin America (Brazil, Mexico, and others); and the Middle East and Africa. According to the report, North America was the largest market for scientific and technical publications. Some of the factors driving the North America scientific and technical publication market included growing popularity of digital publications, allocation of increased budgets to the science and technology sector, and extensive research and development activities.

Competitive Landscape:

  • The report has also provided a comprehensive analysis of the competitive landscape in the global scientific and technical publication market. Detailed profiles of all major companies have also been provided. Some of the companies covered include ACTA Press, Canadian Science Publishing, Elsevier (RELX plc), Informa PLC, John Wiley & Sons Inc., Springer Science+Business Media, Wolters Kluwer N.V., etc. Kindly note that this only represents a partial list of companies, and the complete list has been provided in the report.

Key Questions Answered in This Report

  • 1. What was the size of the global scientific and technical publication market in 2024?
  • 2. What is the expected growth rate of the global scientific and technical publication market during 2025-2033?
  • 3. What are the key factors driving the global scientific and technical publication market?
  • 4. What has been the impact of COVID-19 on the global scientific and technical publication market?
  • 5. What is the breakup of the global scientific and technical publication market based on the product?
  • 6. What is the breakup of the global scientific and technical publication market based on the end user?
  • 7. What are the key regions in the global scientific and technical publication market?
  • 8. Who are the key players/companies in the global scientific and technical publication market?

Table of Contents

1 Preface

2 Scope and Methodology

  • 2.1 Objectives of the Study
  • 2.2 Stakeholders
  • 2.3 Data Sources
    • 2.3.1 Primary Sources
    • 2.3.2 Secondary Sources
  • 2.4 Market Estimation
    • 2.4.1 Bottom-Up Approach
    • 2.4.2 Top-Down Approach
  • 2.5 Forecasting Methodology

3 Executive Summary

4 Introduction

  • 4.1 Overview
  • 4.2 Key Industry Trends

5 Global Scientific and Technical Publication Market

  • 5.1 Market Overview
  • 5.2 Market Performance
  • 5.3 Impact of COVID-19
  • 5.4 Market Forecast

6 Market Breakup by Product

  • 6.1 Books
    • 6.1.1 Market Trends
    • 6.1.2 Market Forecast
  • 6.2 Journals
    • 6.2.1 Market Trends
    • 6.2.2 Market Forecast
  • 6.3 E-Books
    • 6.3.1 Market Trends
    • 6.3.2 Market Forecast
  • 6.4 Online Services
    • 6.4.1 Market Trends
    • 6.4.2 Market Forecast

7 Market Breakup by End User

  • 7.1 Students
    • 7.1.1 Market Trends
    • 7.1.2 Market Forecast
  • 7.2 Professionals
    • 7.2.1 Market Trends
    • 7.2.2 Market Forecast

8 Market Breakup by Region

  • 8.1 North America
    • 8.1.1 United States
      • 8.1.1.1 Market Trends
      • 8.1.1.2 Market Forecast
    • 8.1.2 Canada
      • 8.1.2.1 Market Trends
      • 8.1.2.2 Market Forecast
  • 8.2 Asia-Pacific
    • 8.2.1 China
      • 8.2.1.1 Market Trends
      • 8.2.1.2 Market Forecast
    • 8.2.2 Japan
      • 8.2.2.1 Market Trends
      • 8.2.2.2 Market Forecast
    • 8.2.3 India
      • 8.2.3.1 Market Trends
      • 8.2.3.2 Market Forecast
    • 8.2.4 South Korea
      • 8.2.4.1 Market Trends
      • 8.2.4.2 Market Forecast
    • 8.2.5 Australia
      • 8.2.5.1 Market Trends
      • 8.2.5.2 Market Forecast
    • 8.2.6 Indonesia
      • 8.2.6.1 Market Trends
      • 8.2.6.2 Market Forecast
    • 8.2.7 Others
      • 8.2.7.1 Market Trends
      • 8.2.7.2 Market Forecast
  • 8.3 Europe
    • 8.3.1 Germany
      • 8.3.1.1 Market Trends
      • 8.3.1.2 Market Forecast
    • 8.3.2 France
      • 8.3.2.1 Market Trends
      • 8.3.2.2 Market Forecast
    • 8.3.3 United Kingdom
      • 8.3.3.1 Market Trends
      • 8.3.3.2 Market Forecast
    • 8.3.4 Italy
      • 8.3.4.1 Market Trends
      • 8.3.4.2 Market Forecast
    • 8.3.5 Spain
      • 8.3.5.1 Market Trends
      • 8.3.5.2 Market Forecast
    • 8.3.6 Russia
      • 8.3.6.1 Market Trends
      • 8.3.6.2 Market Forecast
    • 8.3.7 Others
      • 8.3.7.1 Market Trends
      • 8.3.7.2 Market Forecast
  • 8.4 Latin America
    • 8.4.1 Brazil
      • 8.4.1.1 Market Trends
      • 8.4.1.2 Market Forecast
    • 8.4.2 Mexico
      • 8.4.2.1 Market Trends
      • 8.4.2.2 Market Forecast
    • 8.4.3 Others
      • 8.4.3.1 Market Trends
      • 8.4.3.2 Market Forecast
  • 8.5 Middle East and Africa
    • 8.5.1 Market Trends
    • 8.5.2 Market Breakup by Country
    • 8.5.3 Market Forecast

9 Drivers, Restraints, and Opportunities

  • 9.1 Overview
  • 9.2 Drivers
  • 9.3 Restraints
  • 9.4 Opportunities

10 Value Chain Analysis

11 Porters Five Forces Analysis

  • 11.1 Overview
  • 11.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers
  • 11.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
  • 11.4 Degree of Competition
  • 11.5 Threat of New Entrants
  • 11.6 Threat of Substitutes

12 Price Analysis

13 Competitive Landscape

  • 13.1 Market Structure
  • 13.2 Key Players
  • 13.3 Profiles of Key Players
    • 13.3.1 ACTA Press
      • 13.3.1.1 Company Overview
      • 13.3.1.2 Product Portfolio
    • 13.3.2 Canadian Science Publishing
      • 13.3.2.1 Company Overview
      • 13.3.2.2 Product Portfolio
    • 13.3.3 Elsevier (RELX plc)
      • 13.3.3.1 Company Overview
      • 13.3.3.2 Product Portfolio
    • 13.3.4 Informa PLC
      • 13.3.4.1 Company Overview
      • 13.3.4.2 Product Portfolio
      • 13.3.4.3 Financials
    • 13.3.5 John Wiley & Sons Inc.
      • 13.3.5.1 Company Overview
      • 13.3.5.2 Product Portfolio
      • 13.3.5.3 Financials
    • 13.3.6 Springer Science+Business Media
      • 13.3.6.1 Company Overview
      • 13.3.6.2 Product Portfolio
    • 13.3.7 Wolters Kluwer N.V.
      • 13.3.7.1 Company Overview
      • 13.3.7.2 Product Portfolio
      • 13.3.7.3 Financials
      • 13.3.7.4 SWOT Analysis

Kindly, note that this only represents a partial list of companies, and the complete list has been provided in the report.