サンプル依頼リスト カート
  • English
  • Korean
  • Traditional Chinese
  • Simplified Chinese
デフォルト表紙
市場調査レポート
商品コード
1225168

苛性ソーダ市場：世界の産業動向、シェア、規模、成長、機会、2023-2028年の予測

Caustic Soda Market: Global Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2023-2028
出版日: | 発行: IMARC | ページ情報: 英文 110 Pages | 納期: 2～3営業日

● お客様のご希望に応じて、既存データの加工や未掲載情報（例：国別セグメント）の追加などの対応が可能です。　 詳細はお問い合わせください。

価格
価格表記: USDを日本円(税抜)に換算
本日の銀行送金レート: 1USD=148.88円
苛性ソーダ市場：世界の産業動向、シェア、規模、成長、機会、2023-2028年の予測
出版日: 2023年02月03日
発行: IMARC
ページ情報: 英文 110 Pages
納期: 2～3営業日
  • 全表示
  • 概要
  • 図表
  • 目次
概要

苛性ソーダの世界市場規模は、2022年に8,060万トンに達しました。今後、IMARCグループは、2023年から2028年の間に1.7%の成長率（CAGR）を示し、2028年までに8,970万トンに達すると予想しています。

苛性ソーダは、水酸化ナトリウム（NaOH）としても知られ、水酸化物アニオンOH-とナトリウムカチオンNa+からなる白色の固体イオン性化合物です。強アルカリ性で、化学的には塩化ナトリウム（NaCl）を電気分解して得られます。水によく溶け、アルコールには中程度に溶け、エーテルや無極性溶媒には溶けないです。腐食性、反応性があるため、様々な化学製品の調合に使用されます。また、ソーダライム、洗浄剤、殺菌剤、ボーキサイトの精製によるアルミニウムの抽出にも使用されます。その結果、繊維、製紙、化学、自動車など、さまざまな産業で幅広い用途を見つけることができます。

苛性ソーダの市場動向

  • 急速な工業化と化学工業の拡大が、市場にプラスの影響を与える主要因となっています。また、淡水の消費量の増加と不足、海や湖、池、川、海の汚染をコントロールするための厳しい規制が、市場の成長を強化しています。これは、二酸化炭素（CO2）と水を吸収することで水のpH値を上昇させる水処理薬品として、苛性ソーダの利用が増加していることにも起因しています。これとは別に、自動車、建設、包装などさまざまな産業でアルミニウムの利用が増加していることが、世界のNaOHの需要を促進しています。さらに、NaOHの製造プロセスにおける先進技術の導入と、研究開発（R&D）活動への大規模な投資は、市場の成長を促進すると予想されます。

主な市場セグメンテーション

  • IMARC Groupは、苛性ソーダの世界市場レポートの各サブセグメントにおける主要動向の分析を、2023年から2028年までの世界および地域レベルでの予測とともに提供しています。当レポートでは、製品タイプ、製造プロセス、グレード、用途に基づいて市場を分類しています。

製品タイプ別内訳

  • 灰汁
  • フレーク
  • その他
  • 灰汁は、自動車、建材、ソーダ缶や食品包装などの消費財の製造に広く採用されているため、市場シェアの大半を占めています。

製造プロセス別の内訳

  • メンブレンセル
  • ダイヤフラムセル
  • その他
  • 環境対応型であり、比較的シンプルで無害な材料を使用する膜セル方式が最も大きなシェアを占めています。

グレード別の内訳

  • 試薬グレード
  • 工業用グレード
  • 医薬グレード
  • その他
  • 工業用苛性ソーダは、世界の様々な業界でNaOHの需要が高まっているため、現在市場を独占しています。

アプリケーション別内訳

  • アルミナ
  • 無機化学品
  • 有機化学品
  • 食品、パルプ、紙
  • 石けん・洗剤
  • 繊維製品
  • 水処理
  • 鉄鋼・冶金・焼結
  • その他
  • アルミナは、自動車の軽量化、有害排出物の削減、性能向上、燃費向上のために自動車産業で広く使用されており、市場シェアの大半を占めています。

地域別の内訳

  • アジア太平洋地域
  • 北米
  • 欧州
  • 中東・アフリカ
  • ラテンアメリカ
  • アジア太平洋地域は、苛性ソーダの利用が増加しているため、市場において明確な優位性を示しています。

目次

第1章 序文

第2章 調査手法と範囲

  • 調査の目的
  • 利害関係者
  • データソース
    • 一次情報
    • 二次情報
  • 市場推定
    • ボトムアップアプローチ
    • トップダウンアプローチ
  • 予測手法

第3章 エグゼクティブサマリー

第4章 イントロダクション

  • 概要
  • 特性
  • 主要な産業動向

第5章 苛性ソーダの世界市場

  • 市場概要
  • 市場実績
  • COVID-19の影響
  • 製品タイプ別市場内訳
  • 製造プロセス別市場内訳
  • グレード別市場内訳
  • 用途別市場内訳
  • 地域別市場内訳
  • 市場展望

第6章 製品タイプ別市場内訳

  • 灰汁
    • 市場動向
    • 市場展望
  • フレーク
    • 市場動向
    • 市場展望
  • その他
    • 市場動向
    • 市場予測

第7章 製造プロセス別市場内訳

  • メンブレンセル
    • 市場動向
    • 市場予測
  • ダイヤフラムセル
    • 市場動向
    • 市場予測
  • その他
    • 市場動向
    • 市場予測

第8章 グレード別市場内訳

  • 試薬グレード
    • 市場動向
    • 市場予測
  • 工業用グレード
    • 市場動向
    • 市場予測
  • 医薬グレード
    • 市場動向
    • 市場展望
  • その他
    • 市場動向
    • 市場展望

第9章 アプリケーション別市場内訳

  • アルミナ
    • 市場動向
    • 市場展望
  • 無機化学品
    • 市場動向
    • 市場展望
  • 有機化学品
    • 市場動向
    • 市場展望
  • 食品、パルプ、紙
    • 市場動向
    • 市場展望
  • 石鹸・洗剤
    • 市場動向
    • 市場展望
  • テキスタイル
    • 市場動向
    • 市場展望
  • 水処理
    • 市場動向
    • 市場展望
  • 鉄鋼/冶金-焼結
    • 市場動向
    • 市場展望
  • その他
    • 市場動向
    • 市場予測

第10章 地域別市場内訳

  • アジア太平洋地域
    • 市場動向
    • 市場予測
  • 北米
    • 市場動向
    • 市場展望
  • 欧州
    • 市場動向
    • 市場展望
  • 中東・アフリカ地域
    • 市場動向
    • 市場展望
  • ラテンアメリカ
    • 市場動向
    • 市場展望

第11章 SWOT分析

  • 概要
  • 強み
  • 弱み
  • 機会
  • 脅威

第12章 バリューチェーン分析

第13章 ポーターズファイブフォース分析

  • 概要
  • 買い手の交渉力
  • 供給企業の交渉力
  • 競合の度合い
  • 新規参入業者の脅威
  • 代替品の脅威

第14章 価格分析

  • 価格指標
  • 価格構造
  • マージン分析

第15章 競合情勢

  • 市場構造
  • 主要企業
  • 主要企業のプロファイル
    • Dow Chemical Company
    • Olin Corporation
    • Tata Chemicals Limited
    • Solvay SA
    • FMC Corporation
    • Occidental Petroleum Corporation（OXY）
    • Formosa Plastics Corporation
    • Ineos Group Limited
    • PPG Industries
    • Xinjiang Zhongtai Chemical Co. Ltd.
    • Tosoh Corporation
    • Hanwha Chemical Corporation
    • Nirma Limited
    • Akzo Nobel
    • BASF
    • Covestro
図表

List of Figures

  • Figure 1: Global: Caustic Soda Market: Major Drivers and Challenges
  • Figure 2: Global: Caustic Soda Market: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2017-2022
  • Figure 3: Global: Caustic Soda Market: Breakup by Product Type (in %), 2022
  • Figure 4: Global: Caustic Soda Market: Breakup by Manufacturing Process (in %), 2022
  • Figure 5: Global: Caustic Soda Market: Breakup by Grade (in %), 2022
  • Figure 6: Global: Caustic Soda Market: Breakup by Application (in %), 2022
  • Figure 7: Global: Caustic Soda Market: Breakup by Region (in %), 2022
  • Figure 8: Global: Caustic Soda Market Forecast: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2023-2028
  • Figure 9: Global: Caustic Soda Industry: SWOT Analysis
  • Figure 10: Global: Caustic Soda Industry: Value Chain Analysis
  • Figure 11: Global: Caustic Soda Industry: Porter's Five Forces Analysis
  • Figure 12: Global: Caustic Soda (Lye) Market: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2017 & 2022
  • Figure 13: Global: Caustic Soda (Lye) Market Forecast: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2023-2028
  • Figure 14: Global: Caustic Soda (Flake) Market: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2017 & 2022
  • Figure 15: Global: Caustic Soda (Flake) Market Forecast: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2023-2028
  • Figure 16: Global: Caustic Soda (Other Product Types) Market: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2017 & 2022
  • Figure 17: Global: Caustic Soda (Other Product Types) Market Forecast: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2023-2028
  • Figure 18: Global: Caustic Soda (Membrane Cell) Market: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2017 & 2022
  • Figure 19: Global: Caustic Soda (Membrane Cell) Market Forecast: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2023-2028
  • Figure 20: Global: Caustic Soda (Diaphragm Cell) Market: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2017 & 2022
  • Figure 21: Global: Caustic Soda (Diaphragm Cell) Market Forecast: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2023-2028
  • Figure 22: Global: Caustic Soda (Other Manufacturing Processes) Market: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2017 & 2022
  • Figure 23: Global: Caustic Soda (Other Manufacturing Processes) Market Forecast: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2023-2028
  • Figure 24: Global: Caustic Soda (Reagent Grade) Market: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2017 & 2022
  • Figure 25: Global: Caustic Soda (Reagent Grade) Market Forecast: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2023-2028
  • Figure 26: Global: Caustic Soda (Industrial Grade) Market: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2017 & 2022
  • Figure 27: Global: Caustic Soda (Industrial Grade) Market Forecast: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2023-2028
  • Figure 28: Global: Caustic Soda (Pharmaceutical Grade) Market: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2017 & 2022
  • Figure 29: Global: Caustic Soda (Pharmaceutical Grade) Market Forecast: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2023-2028
  • Figure 30: Global: Caustic Soda (Other Grades) Market: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2017 & 2022
  • Figure 31: Global: Caustic Soda (Other Grades) Market Forecast: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2023-2028
  • Figure 32: Global: Caustic Soda (Alumina) Market: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2017 & 2022
  • Figure 33: Global: Caustic Soda (Alumina) Market Forecast: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2023-2028
  • Figure 34: Global: Caustic Soda (Inorganic Chemicals) Market: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2017 & 2022
  • Figure 35: Global: Caustic Soda (Inorganic Chemicals) Market Forecast: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2023-2028
  • Figure 36: Global: Caustic Soda (Organic Chemicals) Market: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2017 & 2022
  • Figure 37: Global: Caustic Soda (Organic Chemicals) Market Forecast: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2023-2028
  • Figure 38: Global: Caustic Soda (Food, Pulp and Paper) Market: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2017 & 2022
  • Figure 39: Global: Caustic Soda (Food, Pulp and Paper) Market Forecast: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2023-2028
  • Figure 40: Global: Caustic Soda (Soap and Detergents) Market: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2017 & 2022
  • Figure 41: Global: Caustic Soda (Soap and Detergents) Market Forecast: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2023-2028
  • Figure 42: Global: Caustic Soda (Textiles) Market: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2017 & 2022
  • Figure 43: Global: Caustic Soda (Textiles) Market Forecast: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2023-2028
  • Figure 44: Global: Caustic Soda (Water Treatment) Market: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2017 & 2022
  • Figure 45: Global: Caustic Soda (Water Treatment) Market Forecast: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2023-2028
  • Figure 46: Global: Caustic Soda (Steel/Metallurgy-Sintering) Market: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2017 & 2022
  • Figure 47: Global: Caustic Soda (Steel/Metallurgy-Sintering) Market Forecast: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2023-2028
  • Figure 48: Global: Caustic Soda (Other Applications) Market: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2017 & 2022
  • Figure 49: Global: Caustic Soda (Other Applications) Market Forecast: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2023-2028
  • Figure 50: Asia Pacific: Caustic Soda Market: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2017 & 2022
  • Figure 51: Asia Pacific: Caustic Soda Market Forecast: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2023-2028
  • Figure 52: North America: Caustic Soda Market: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2017 & 2022
  • Figure 53: North America: Caustic Soda Market Forecast: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2023-2028
  • Figure 54: Europe: Caustic Soda Market: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2017 & 2022
  • Figure 55: Europe: Caustic Soda Market Forecast: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2023-2028
  • Figure 56: Middle East and Africa: Caustic Soda Market: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2017 & 2022
  • Figure 57: Middle East and Africa: Caustic Soda Market Forecast: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2023-2028
  • Figure 58: Latin America: Caustic Soda Market: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2017 & 2022
  • Figure 59: Latin America: Caustic Soda Market Forecast: Sales Volume (in Million Tons), 2023-2028

List of Tables

  • Table 1: Caustic Soda: General Properties
  • Table 2: Global: Caustic Soda Market: Key Industry Highlights, 2022 and 2028
  • Table 3: Global: Caustic Soda Market Forecast: Breakup by Product Type (in Million Tons), 2023-2028
  • Table 4: Global: Caustic Soda Market Forecast: Breakup by Manufacturing Process (in Million Tons), 2023-2028
  • Table 5: Global: Caustic Soda Market Forecast: Breakup by Grade (in Million Tons), 2023-2028
  • Table 6: Global: Caustic Soda Market Forecast: Breakup by Application (in Million Tons), 2023-2028
  • Table 7: Global: Caustic Soda Market Forecast: Breakup by Region (in Million Tons), 2023-2028
  • Table 8: Global: Caustic Soda Market Structure
  • Table 9: Global: Caustic Soda Market: Key Players
目次
Product Code: SR1423A09_Report

The global caustic soda market size reached 80.6 Million Tons in 2022. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the market to reach 89.7 Million Tons by 2028, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 1.7% during 2023-2028.

Caustic soda, also known as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is a white-colored solid ionic compound comprising hydroxide anions OH- and sodium cations Na+. It is strongly alkaline and chemically obtained by electrolyzing sodium chloride (NaCl). It is highly soluble in water, moderately soluble in alcohol, and insoluble in ether and non-polar solvents. It is used in formulating various chemical products due to its corrosive and reactive nature. Besides this, NaOH is used in preparing soda lime, cleaning and disinfectant products, and in the extraction of aluminum by purifying bauxite. As a result, it finds extensive applications in various industries like textiles, paper, chemical, and automotive.

Caustic Soda Market Trends:

  • Rapid industrialization and the expansion of the chemical industry represent the key factors positively influencing the market. In addition, the increasing consumption and scarcity of freshwater and strict regulations to control contamination in seas, lakes, ponds, rivers, and oceans are strengthening the market growth. This can also be accredited to the growing utilization of caustic soda as a water treatment chemical that helps increase the pH level of water by absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) and water. Apart from this, the rising utilization of aluminum across various industries, such as automotive, construction, and packaging, is catalyzing the demand for NaOH worldwide. Furthermore, the introduction of advanced technologies in the manufacturing processes of NaOH, along with extensive investments in research and development (R&D) activities, is expected to propel the market growth.

Key Market Segmentation:

  • IMARC Group provides an analysis of the key trends in each sub-segment of the global caustic soda market report, along with forecasts at the global and regional level from 2023-2028. Our report has categorized the market based on product type, manufacturing process, grade, and application.

Breakup by Product Type:

  • Lye
  • Flake
  • Others
  • Lye holds the majority of the market share due to its widespread adoption in the manufacturing of automobiles, construction materials, and consumer goods, such as soda cans and food packaging.

Breakup by Manufacturing Process:

  • Membrane Cell
  • Diaphragm Cell
  • Others
  • The membrane cell process represents the largest market segment as it supports environmental health and requires relatively simple and non-harmful materials.

Breakup by Grade:

  • Reagent Grade
  • Industrial Grade
  • Pharmaceutical Grade
  • Others
  • The industrial-grade caustic soda currently dominates the market due to the escalating demand for NaOH across different industry verticals worldwide.

Breakup by Application:

  • Alumina
  • Inorganic Chemicals
  • Organic Chemicals
  • Food, Pulp and Paper
  • Soap and Detergents
  • Textiles
  • Water Treatment
  • Steel/Metallurgy-Sintering
  • Others
  • Alumina accounts for the majority of the market share as it is extensively used in the automotive industry to reduce vehicular weight and harmful emissions, boost the performance, and fuel economy of automobiles.

Breakup by Region:

  • Asia Pacific
  • North America
  • Europe
  • Middle East and Africa
  • Latin America
  • The Asia Pacific exhibits a clear dominance in the market due to the increasing utilization of caustic soda in the region.

Competitive Landscape:

  • The report has also analysed the competitive landscape of the market with some of the key players being Dow Chemical Company, Olin Corporation, Tata Chemicals Limited, Solvay SA, FMC Corporation, Occidental Petroleum Corporation (OXY), Formosa Plastics Corporation, Ineos Group Limited, PPG Industries, Xinjiang Zhongtai Chemical Co. Ltd., Tosoh Corporation, Hanwha Chemical Corporation, Nirma Limited, Akzo Nobel, BASF, Covestro, etc.
  • Key Questions Answered in This Report
  • 1. What is the market volume for the global caustic soda market?
  • 2. What is the global caustic soda market growth?
  • 3. What are the global caustic soda market drivers?
  • 4. What are the key industry trends in the global caustic soda market?
  • 5. What is the impact of COVID-19 on the global caustic soda market?
  • 6. What is the global caustic soda market breakup by product type?
  • 7. What is the global caustic soda market breakup by manufacturing process?
  • 8. What is the global caustic soda market breakup by application?
  • 9. What are the major regions in the global caustic soda market?
  • 10. Who are the key companies/players in the global caustic soda market?

Table of Contents

1 Preface

2 Scope and Methodology

  • 2.1 Objectives of the Study
  • 2.2 Stakeholders
  • 2.3 Data Sources
    • 2.3.1 Primary Sources
    • 2.3.2 Secondary Sources
  • 2.4 Market Estimation
    • 2.4.1 Bottom-Up Approach
    • 2.4.2 Top-Down Approach
  • 2.5 Forecasting Methodology

3 Executive Summary

4 Introduction

  • 4.1 Overview
  • 4.2 Properties
  • 4.3 Key Industry Trends

5 Global Caustic Soda Market

  • 5.1 Market Overview
  • 5.2 Market Performance
  • 5.3 Impact of COVID-19
  • 5.4 Market Breakup by Product Type
  • 5.5 Market Breakup by Manufacturing Process
  • 5.6 Market Breakup by Grade
  • 5.7 Market Breakup by Application
  • 5.8 Market Breakup by Region
  • 5.9 Market Forecast

6 Market Breakup by Product Type

  • 6.1 Lye
    • 6.1.1 Market Trends
    • 6.1.2 Market Forecast
  • 6.2 Flake
    • 6.2.1 Market Trends
    • 6.2.2 Market Forecast
  • 6.3 Others
    • 6.3.1 Market Trends
    • 6.3.2 Market Forecast

7 Market Breakup by Manufacturing Process

  • 7.1 Membrane Cell
    • 7.1.1 Market Trends
    • 7.1.2 Market Forecast
  • 7.2 Diaphragm Cell
    • 7.2.1 Market Trends
    • 7.2.2 Market Forecast
  • 7.3 Others
    • 7.3.1 Market Trends
    • 7.3.2 Market Forecast

8 Market Breakup by Grade

  • 8.1 Reagent Grade
    • 8.1.1 Market Trends
    • 8.1.2 Market Forecast
  • 8.2 Industrial Grade
    • 8.2.1 Market Trends
    • 8.2.2 Market Forecast
  • 8.3 Pharmaceutical Grade
    • 8.3.1 Market Trends
    • 8.3.2 Market Forecast
  • 8.4 Others
    • 8.4.1 Market Trends
    • 8.4.2 Market Forecast

9 Market Breakup by Application

  • 9.1 Alumina
    • 9.1.1 Market Trends
    • 9.1.2 Market Forecast
  • 9.2 Inorganic Chemicals
    • 9.2.1 Market Trends
    • 9.2.2 Market Forecast
  • 9.3 Organic Chemicals
    • 9.3.1 Market Trends
    • 9.3.2 Market Forecast
  • 9.4 Food, Pulp and Paper
    • 9.4.1 Market Trends
    • 9.4.2 Market Forecast
  • 9.5 Soap and Detergents
    • 9.5.1 Market Trends
    • 9.5.2 Market Forecast
  • 9.6 Textiles
    • 9.6.1 Market Trends
    • 9.6.2 Market Forecast
  • 9.7 Water Treatment
    • 9.7.1 Market Trends
    • 9.7.2 Market Forecast
  • 9.8 Steel/Metallurgy-Sintering
    • 9.8.1 Market Trends
    • 9.8.2 Market Forecast
  • 9.9 Others
    • 9.9.1 Market Trends
    • 9.9.2 Market Forecast

10 Market Breakup by Region

  • 10.1 Asia Pacific
    • 10.1.1 Market Trends
    • 10.1.2 Market Forecast
  • 10.2 North America
    • 10.2.1 Market Trends
    • 10.2.2 Market Forecast
  • 10.3 Europe
    • 10.3.1 Market Trends
    • 10.3.2 Market Forecast
  • 10.4 Middle East and Africa
    • 10.4.1 Market Trends
    • 10.4.2 Market Forecast
  • 10.5 Latin America
    • 10.5.1 Market Trends
    • 10.5.2 Market Forecast

11 SWOT Analysis

  • 11.1 Overview
  • 11.2 Strengths
  • 11.3 Weaknesses
  • 11.4 Opportunities
  • 11.5 Threats

12 Value Chain Analysis

13 Porters Five Forces Analysis

  • 13.1 Overview
  • 13.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers
  • 13.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
  • 13.4 Degree of Competition
  • 13.5 Threat of New Entrants
  • 13.6 Threat of Substitutes

14 Price Analysis

  • 14.1 Price Indicators
  • 14.2 Price Structure
  • 14.3 Margin Analysis

15 Competitive Landscape

  • 15.1 Market Structure
  • 15.2 Key Players
  • 15.3 Profiles of Key Players
    • 15.3.1 Dow Chemical Company
    • 15.3.2 Olin Corporation
    • 15.3.3 Tata Chemicals Limited
    • 15.3.4 Solvay SA
    • 15.3.5 FMC Corporation
    • 15.3.6 Occidental Petroleum Corporation (OXY)
    • 15.3.7 Formosa Plastics Corporation
    • 15.3.8 Ineos Group Limited
    • 15.3.9 PPG Industries
    • 15.3.10 Xinjiang Zhongtai Chemical Co. Ltd.
    • 15.3.11 Tosoh Corporation
    • 15.3.12 Hanwha Chemical Corporation
    • 15.3.13 Nirma Limited
    • 15.3.14 Akzo Nobel
    • 15.3.15 BASF
    • 15.3.16 Covestro