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市場調査レポート
商品コード
1757831

PVCクリングフィルムの世界市場

PVC Cling Films


出版日
ページ情報
英文 277 Pages
納期
即日から翌営業日
適宜更新あり
価格
価格表記: USDを日本円(税抜)に換算
本日の銀行送金レート: 1USD=144.64円
PVCクリングフィルムの世界市場
出版日: 2025年06月27日
発行: Global Industry Analysts, Inc.
ページ情報: 英文 277 Pages
納期: 即日から翌営業日
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概要

PVCクリングフィルムの世界市場は2030年までに8億8,370万米ドルに達する見込み

2024年に7億5,370万米ドルと推定されるPVCクリングフィルムの世界市場は、2024年から2030年にかけてCAGR 2.7%で成長し、2030年には8億8,370万米ドルに達すると予測されます。本レポートで分析したセグメントの1つである機械用フィルムは、CAGR 2.1%を記録し、分析期間終了時には5億3,870万米ドルに達する見込みです。マニュアル/ハンドヘルドフィルム分野の成長率は、分析期間中CAGR 3.9%と推定されます。

米国市場は推定2億530万米ドル、中国はCAGR 5.0%で成長予測

米国のPVCクリングフィルム市場は、2024年に2億530万米ドルと推定されます。世界第2位の経済大国である中国は、分析期間2024-2030年のCAGRを5.0%として、2030年までに1億6,980万米ドルの市場規模に達すると予測されています。その他の注目すべき地域別市場としては、日本とカナダがあり、分析期間中のCAGRはそれぞれ1.1%と2.0%と予測されています。欧州では、ドイツがCAGR 1.5%で成長すると予測されています。

世界のPVCクリングフィルム市場- 主要動向と促進要因のまとめ

PVCクリングフィルムが食品包装や産業用包装用途で広く使用されている理由とは?

PVC(ポリ塩化ビニル)クリングフィルムは、主に生鮮食品の密封と保護に使用される柔軟で透明な包装材料です。優れた伸縮性、自己接着性、高い酸素・水分バリア性で知られるPVCクリングフィルムは、スーパーマーケット、食品加工工場、レストラン、家庭用キッチンなどで幅広く使用されています。果物、野菜、肉、調理済み製品の保存や輸送の際に、賞味期限を延ばし、鮮度を保ち、衛生状態を維持するのに役立ちます。

PVCクリングフィルムは、ポリエチレンの代替品と比較して、優れた粘着性能と光学記憶装置を備えており、小売店での食品陳列や冷蔵保存に最適です。この素材は、手動、半自動、自動包装機に適応するため、大量包装ラインにも適しています。PVCに関連する環境への懸念にもかかわらず、そのユニークな性能上の利点と費用対効果は、様々な分野で広く採用され続けています。

処方と製造の進歩は、安全性、機能性、コンプライアンスをどのように向上させていますか?

PVCクリングフィルムの製造における最近の進歩は、フタル酸エステルフリーの可塑剤と食品グレードの添加物の使用に重点を置き、食品の安全性と化学物質の移行に関する規制と消費者の懸念に対処しています。高性能のクリンプフィルムは現在、EUやFDAの規格に準拠した低移行性処方で設計されており、食品との直接接触に適しています。防曇コーティングや抗菌添加剤も、特に冷蔵や高湿度環境でのフィルム性能を高めるために組み込まれています。

メーカーは、強度と材料効率のバランスをとるため、フィルムの厚みと弾性を最適化しています。多層共押出やダウンゲージ技術は、バリア特性を損なうことなく、全体的な材料使用量を削減しています。ミシン目パターンやカッターボックス包装の革新は、消費者や業務用における利便性を向上させています。さらに、包装業界全体の持続可能性に関する広範なコミットメントに沿う形で、リサイクル可能性を高め、リサイクルコンテンツをPVCクリングフィルムに統合する取り組みが進行中です。

PVCクリングフィルムの需要は、最終用途産業と地域のどこで高まっているか?

PVCクリングフィルムの主要な消費者は食品包装業界であり、特に小売店や施設給食の分野で顕著です。スーパーマーケットでは、生鮮食品、食肉トレイ、チーズブロック、惣菜を包むためにこれらのフィルムが広く使用されています。業務用厨房や食品加工業者では、容器の一時的な密封、トレーの包装、ポーションコントロールなどにPVCフィルムが使用されています。ヘルスケアや衛生分野でも需要が伸びており、PVCフィルムは汚染防止や器具・備品の保護包装に使用されています。

地理的には、人口増加、都市化、組織小売とコールドチェーン・ロジスティクスの急拡大に牽引され、アジア太平洋地域が最も急成長している市場です。中国とインドが主要な成長エンジンであり、食品安全意識の高まりと近代的な包装インフラに支えられています。北米と欧州は引き続き成熟市場であり、フタル酸エステルフリーで環境的に改善されたPVC配合に焦点が移っています。中東とラテンアメリカも緩やかな成長を示しており、業務用外食と食品輸出の分野で採用が加速しています。

PVCクリングフィルム市場の世界的成長の原動力は?

世界のPVCクリングフィルム市場の成長は、鮮度を保ち、腐敗を抑え、製品の視認性を確保するコスト効率の高い高性能食品包装ソリューションへの継続的なニーズが原動力となっています。世界な食品サプライチェーンが複雑化し、規模が拡大するにつれて、衛生、賞味期限延長、消費者の利便性を促進する信頼性の高い包装形態への需要が高まっています。

規制への対応、材料の革新、性能の最適化により、PVCクリングフィルムは環境的な監視にもかかわらず、適切な存在であり続けています。近代的小売の拡大、食品の安全性と外観に対する消費者の期待の進化、調理済みミールキットとオンライン食料品配達の台頭は、市場需要にさらに貢献しています。環境面での課題は依然として残っているが、リサイクル性の向上、バイオベースの添加物の探求、素材の薄型化といった継続的な取り組みが、PVCクリンプフィルム市場の持続的成長への道筋を示唆しています。

セグメント

タイプ(マシンフィルム、マニュアル/ハンドヘルドフィルム、その他のタイプ)、アプリケーション(飲食品、化粧品&ヘルスケア、家庭用、産業用、その他のアプリケーション)

調査対象企業の例(全34社)

  • Al Salem Group
  • BenKai
  • Berry Global Inc.
  • Boston Polymers
  • Changzhou Plastics Researching and Manufacturing
  • CL Industries India
  • Divya Plastic Industries
  • Ergis S.A.
  • Galaxy Converting Corporation
  • Jiashan Hengyu Plastic
  • Jinhua Lansin Commodity Co., Ltd.
  • Magnum Packaging
  • Maskati Brothers
  • Nan Ya Plastics Corporation
  • NRR Industries
  • Pragya Flexifilm Industries
  • Qingdao Kingchuan Packaging
  • RKW Group
  • Shenzhen Jingfeng Industrial
  • Specialty Polyfilms

AIインテグレーション

私たちは、有効な専門家コンテンツとAIツールによって、市場情報と競合情報を変革しています。

Global Industry Analystsは、LLMや業界固有のSLMを照会する一般的な規範に従う代わりに、ビデオ記録、ブログ、検索エンジン調査、膨大な量の企業、製品/サービス、市場データなど、世界中の専門家から収集したコンテンツのリポジトリを構築しました。

関税影響係数

Global Industry Analystsは、本社の国、製造拠点、輸出入(完成品とOEM)に基づく企業の競争力の変化を予測しています。この複雑で多面的な市場力学は、売上原価(COGS)の増加、収益性の低下、サプライチェーンの再構築など、ミクロおよびマクロの市場力学の中でも特に競合他社に影響を与える見込みです。

目次

第1章 調査手法

第2章 エグゼクティブサマリー

  • 市場概要
  • 主要企業
  • 市場動向と促進要因
  • 世界市場の見通し

第3章 市場分析

  • 米国
  • カナダ
  • 日本
  • 中国
  • 欧州
  • フランス
  • ドイツ
  • イタリア
  • 英国
  • スペイン
  • ロシア
  • その他欧州
  • アジア太平洋
  • オーストラリア
  • インド
  • 韓国
  • その他アジア太平洋地域
  • ラテンアメリカ
  • アルゼンチン
  • ブラジル
  • メキシコ
  • その他ラテンアメリカ
  • 中東
  • イラン
  • イスラエル
  • サウジアラビア
  • アラブ首長国連邦
  • その他中東
  • アフリカ

第4章 競合

目次
Product Code: MCP35620

Global PVC Cling Films Market to Reach US$883.7 Million by 2030

The global market for PVC Cling Films estimated at US$753.7 Million in the year 2024, is expected to reach US$883.7 Million by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 2.7% over the analysis period 2024-2030. Machine Films, one of the segments analyzed in the report, is expected to record a 2.1% CAGR and reach US$538.7 Million by the end of the analysis period. Growth in the Manual / Handheld Films segment is estimated at 3.9% CAGR over the analysis period.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at US$205.3 Million While China is Forecast to Grow at 5.0% CAGR

The PVC Cling Films market in the U.S. is estimated at US$205.3 Million in the year 2024. China, the world's second largest economy, is forecast to reach a projected market size of US$169.8 Million by the year 2030 trailing a CAGR of 5.0% over the analysis period 2024-2030. Among the other noteworthy geographic markets are Japan and Canada, each forecast to grow at a CAGR of 1.1% and 2.0% respectively over the analysis period. Within Europe, Germany is forecast to grow at approximately 1.5% CAGR.

Global PVC Cling Films Market - Key Trends & Drivers Summarized

Why Are PVC Cling Films Widely Used Across Food Packaging and Industrial Wrapping Applications?

PVC (polyvinyl chloride) cling films are flexible, transparent wrapping materials primarily used for sealing and protecting perishable food items. Known for their excellent stretchability, self-adhering properties, and high oxygen and moisture barrier capabilities, PVC cling films are widely deployed in supermarkets, food processing plants, restaurants, and household kitchens. They help extend shelf life, preserve freshness, and maintain hygiene during storage and transportation of fruits, vegetables, meats, and ready-to-eat products.

Compared to polyethylene alternatives, PVC cling films offer superior cling performance and optical clarity, making them the preferred choice for retail food display and cold storage. The material’s adaptability to manual, semi-automatic, and automatic wrapping machinery also makes it suitable for high-volume packaging lines. Despite environmental concerns associated with PVC, its unique performance benefits and cost-effectiveness continue to support widespread adoption across multiple sectors.

How Are Formulation and Production Advancements Enhancing Safety, Functionality, and Compliance?

Recent advancements in PVC cling film manufacturing focus on the use of phthalate-free plasticizers and food-grade additives to address regulatory and consumer concerns regarding food safety and chemical migration. High-performance cling films are now being engineered with low-migration formulations that comply with EU and FDA standards, ensuring suitability for direct food contact. Anti-fog coatings and antimicrobial additives are also being incorporated to enhance film performance, particularly in refrigerated and high-humidity environments.

Manufacturers are optimizing film thickness and elasticity to balance strength with material efficiency. Multi-layer co-extrusion and downgauging technologies are reducing overall material usage without compromising barrier properties. Innovations in perforation patterns and cutter-box packaging are improving convenience in consumer and commercial use. Additionally, efforts to enhance recyclability and integrate recycled content into PVC cling films are underway, aligning with broader sustainability commitments across the packaging industry.

Where Is PVC Cling Film Demand Rising Across End-Use Industries and Geographies?

The food packaging industry remains the dominant consumer of PVC cling films, especially in the retail and institutional catering segments. Supermarkets use these films extensively for wrapping fresh produce, meat trays, cheese blocks, and deli items. Commercial kitchens and food processors apply PVC films for temporary sealing of containers, tray wrapping, and portion control. Demand is also growing in healthcare and hygiene sectors, where PVC films are used for contamination control and protective wrapping of instruments and supplies.

Geographically, Asia-Pacific represents the fastest-growing market, driven by population growth, urbanization, and the rapid expansion of organized retail and cold-chain logistics. China and India are major growth engines, supported by rising food safety awareness and modern packaging infrastructure. North America and Europe continue to be mature markets, with focus shifting toward phthalate-free and environmentally improved PVC formulations. The Middle East and Latin America are also witnessing moderate growth, with adoption accelerating in institutional foodservice and food export segments.

What’s Driving the Global Growth of the PVC Cling Films Market?

The growth in the global PVC cling films market is driven by the continued need for cost-effective, high-performance food packaging solutions that preserve freshness, reduce spoilage, and ensure product visibility. As global food supply chains grow in complexity and scale, the demand for dependable packaging formats that facilitate hygiene, shelf life extension, and consumer convenience is intensifying.

Regulatory compliance, material innovations, and performance optimization are enabling PVC cling films to remain relevant despite environmental scrutiny. Expansion of modern retail, evolving consumer expectations for food safety and appearance, and the rise of ready-to-cook meal kits and online grocery delivery are further contributing to market demand. While environmental challenges persist, ongoing efforts to improve recyclability, explore bio-based additives, and reduce material thickness suggest a path forward for sustainable growth within the PVC cling film market.

SCOPE OF STUDY:

The report analyzes the PVC Cling Films market in terms of units by the following Segments, and Geographic Regions/Countries:

Segments:

Type (Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films, Other Types); Application (Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial, Other Applications)

Geographic Regions/Countries:

World; United States; Canada; Japan; China; Europe (France; Germany; Italy; United Kingdom; Spain; Russia; and Rest of Europe); Asia-Pacific (Australia; India; South Korea; and Rest of Asia-Pacific); Latin America (Argentina; Brazil; Mexico; and Rest of Latin America); Middle East (Iran; Israel; Saudi Arabia; United Arab Emirates; and Rest of Middle East); and Africa.

Select Competitors (Total 34 Featured) -

  • Al Salem Group
  • BenKai
  • Berry Global Inc.
  • Boston Polymers
  • Changzhou Plastics Researching and Manufacturing
  • CL Industries India
  • Divya Plastic Industries
  • Ergis S.A.
  • Galaxy Converting Corporation
  • Jiashan Hengyu Plastic
  • Jinhua Lansin Commodity Co., Ltd.
  • Magnum Packaging
  • Maskati Brothers
  • Nan Ya Plastics Corporation
  • NRR Industries
  • Pragya Flexifilm Industries
  • Qingdao Kingchuan Packaging
  • RKW Group
  • Shenzhen Jingfeng Industrial
  • Specialty Polyfilms

AI INTEGRATIONS

We're transforming market and competitive intelligence with validated expert content and AI tools.

Instead of following the general norm of querying LLMs and Industry-specific SLMs, we built repositories of content curated from domain experts worldwide including video transcripts, blogs, search engines research, and massive amounts of enterprise, product/service, and market data.

TARIFF IMPACT FACTOR

Our new release incorporates impact of tariffs on geographical markets as we predict a shift in competitiveness of companies based on HQ country, manufacturing base, exports and imports (finished goods and OEM). This intricate and multifaceted market reality will impact competitors by increasing the Cost of Goods Sold (COGS), reducing profitability, reconfiguring supply chains, amongst other micro and macro market dynamics.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. METHODOLOGY

II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

  • 1. MARKET OVERVIEW
    • Influencer Market Insights
    • World Market Trajectories
    • Tariff Impact on Global Supply Chain Patterns
    • PVC Cling Films - Global Key Competitors Percentage Market Share in 2025 (E)
    • Competitive Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial for Players Worldwide in 2025 (E)
  • 2. FOCUS ON SELECT PLAYERS
  • 3. MARKET TRENDS & DRIVERS
    • Rising Demand for Cost-Effective Food Packaging Drives Adoption of PVC Cling Films
    • Expansion of Supermarkets and Hypermarkets Throws the Spotlight on Food-Wrap Display Films
    • Innovation in Film Thickness, Stretchability, and Clarity Enhances Shelf Appeal
    • Growth in Ready-to-Eat Meals, Fresh Produce, and Bakery Segments Spurs Cling Film Consumption
    • Development of Anti-Fog and Perforated Variants Improves Breathability for Fresh Foods
    • Increasing Demand for Extended Shelf Life and Moisture Retention Drives Use in Cold Chain Packaging
    • Participation in FDA and EU Packaging Safety Regulations Ensures Market Compliance
    • Surge in Institutional Catering and Hospitality Applications Supports High-Volume Film Roll Use
    • Focus on Sustainable Plasticizers and Low Migration Films Enhances Environmental Profile
    • Expansion of Household Food Storage and Meal Prep Trends Fuels Retail Market Growth
    • Collaboration With Machinery Manufacturers Enhances Film Compatibility in Automated Wrappers
    • Growth in Demand for Customized Roll Sizes, Core Types, and Branding Supports Private Label Expansion
    • Differentiation Through Cling Strength, Transparency, and Peelability Enhances Brand Positioning
    • Rising Preference for Lightweight, Disposable Packaging Materials Supports PVC Adoption in Emerging Markets
    • Entry Into Dual-Layer and Hybrid Stretch Films Improves Packaging Functionality
    • Increasing Demand From Meat and Cheese Processors Spurs High Barrier Film Utilization
    • Investment in VOC-Free Manufacturing and Recyclable Wraps Aligns With Green Packaging Goals
    • Growth in E-Commerce Grocery Platforms Supports Single-Use Wrapping Solutions for Ready-to-Cook Deliveries
    • Emphasis on Manual and Machine-Compatible Variants Strengthens Market Versatility
    • Global Push for Safe, Efficient, and Cost-Optimized Packaging Fuels Ongoing Demand for PVC Cling Films
  • 4. GLOBAL MARKET PERSPECTIVE
    • TABLE 1: World PVC Cling Films Market Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2030
    • TABLE 2: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 3: World Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 4: World 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 5: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Machine Films by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 6: World Historic Review for Machine Films by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 7: World 15-Year Perspective for Machine Films by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 8: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Manual / Handheld Films by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 9: World Historic Review for Manual / Handheld Films by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 10: World 15-Year Perspective for Manual / Handheld Films by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 11: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Other Types by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 12: World Historic Review for Other Types by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 13: World 15-Year Perspective for Other Types by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 14: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Food & Beverages by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 15: World Historic Review for Food & Beverages by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 16: World 15-Year Perspective for Food & Beverages by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 17: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Cosmetics & Healthcare by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 18: World Historic Review for Cosmetics & Healthcare by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 19: World 15-Year Perspective for Cosmetics & Healthcare by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 20: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Households by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 21: World Historic Review for Households by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 22: World 15-Year Perspective for Households by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 23: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 24: World Historic Review for Industrial by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 25: World 15-Year Perspective for Industrial by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 26: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Other Applications by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 27: World Historic Review for Other Applications by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 28: World 15-Year Perspective for Other Applications by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030

III. MARKET ANALYSIS

  • UNITED STATES
    • PVC Cling Films Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in the United States for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 29: USA Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 30: USA Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 31: USA 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 32: USA Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 33: USA Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 34: USA 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • CANADA
    • TABLE 35: Canada Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 36: Canada Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 37: Canada 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 38: Canada Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 39: Canada Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 40: Canada 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • JAPAN
    • PVC Cling Films Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Japan for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 41: Japan Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 42: Japan Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 43: Japan 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 44: Japan Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 45: Japan Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 46: Japan 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • CHINA
    • PVC Cling Films Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in China for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 47: China Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 48: China Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 49: China 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 50: China Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 51: China Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 52: China 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • EUROPE
    • PVC Cling Films Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Europe for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 53: Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Geographic Region - France, Germany, Italy, UK, Spain, Russia and Rest of Europe Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 54: Europe Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Geographic Region - France, Germany, Italy, UK, Spain, Russia and Rest of Europe Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 55: Europe 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for France, Germany, Italy, UK, Spain, Russia and Rest of Europe Markets for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 56: Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 57: Europe Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 58: Europe 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 59: Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 60: Europe Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 61: Europe 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • FRANCE
    • PVC Cling Films Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in France for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 62: France Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 63: France Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 64: France 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 65: France Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 66: France Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 67: France 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • GERMANY
    • PVC Cling Films Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Germany for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 68: Germany Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 69: Germany Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 70: Germany 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 71: Germany Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 72: Germany Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 73: Germany 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • ITALY
    • TABLE 74: Italy Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 75: Italy Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 76: Italy 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 77: Italy Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 78: Italy Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 79: Italy 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • UNITED KINGDOM
    • PVC Cling Films Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in the United Kingdom for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 80: UK Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 81: UK Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 82: UK 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 83: UK Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 84: UK Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 85: UK 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • SPAIN
    • TABLE 86: Spain Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 87: Spain Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 88: Spain 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 89: Spain Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 90: Spain Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 91: Spain 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • RUSSIA
    • TABLE 92: Russia Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 93: Russia Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 94: Russia 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 95: Russia Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 96: Russia Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 97: Russia 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • REST OF EUROPE
    • TABLE 98: Rest of Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 99: Rest of Europe Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 100: Rest of Europe 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 101: Rest of Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 102: Rest of Europe Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 103: Rest of Europe 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • ASIA-PACIFIC
    • PVC Cling Films Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Asia-Pacific for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 104: Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Geographic Region - Australia, India, South Korea and Rest of Asia-Pacific Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 105: Asia-Pacific Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Geographic Region - Australia, India, South Korea and Rest of Asia-Pacific Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 106: Asia-Pacific 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Australia, India, South Korea and Rest of Asia-Pacific Markets for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 107: Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 108: Asia-Pacific Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 109: Asia-Pacific 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 110: Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 111: Asia-Pacific Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 112: Asia-Pacific 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • AUSTRALIA
    • PVC Cling Films Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Australia for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 113: Australia Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 114: Australia Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 115: Australia 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 116: Australia Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 117: Australia Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 118: Australia 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • INDIA
    • PVC Cling Films Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in India for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 119: India Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 120: India Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 121: India 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 122: India Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 123: India Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 124: India 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • SOUTH KOREA
    • TABLE 125: South Korea Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 126: South Korea Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 127: South Korea 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 128: South Korea Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 129: South Korea Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 130: South Korea 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • REST OF ASIA-PACIFIC
    • TABLE 131: Rest of Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 132: Rest of Asia-Pacific Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 133: Rest of Asia-Pacific 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 134: Rest of Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 135: Rest of Asia-Pacific Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 136: Rest of Asia-Pacific 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • LATIN AMERICA
    • PVC Cling Films Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Latin America for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 137: Latin America Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Geographic Region - Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Rest of Latin America Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 138: Latin America Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Geographic Region - Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Rest of Latin America Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 139: Latin America 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Rest of Latin America Markets for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 140: Latin America Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 141: Latin America Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 142: Latin America 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 143: Latin America Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 144: Latin America Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 145: Latin America 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • ARGENTINA
    • TABLE 146: Argentina Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 147: Argentina Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 148: Argentina 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 149: Argentina Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 150: Argentina Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 151: Argentina 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • BRAZIL
    • TABLE 152: Brazil Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 153: Brazil Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 154: Brazil 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 155: Brazil Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 156: Brazil Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 157: Brazil 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • MEXICO
    • TABLE 158: Mexico Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 159: Mexico Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 160: Mexico 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 161: Mexico Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 162: Mexico Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 163: Mexico 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • REST OF LATIN AMERICA
    • TABLE 164: Rest of Latin America Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 165: Rest of Latin America Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 166: Rest of Latin America 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 167: Rest of Latin America Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 168: Rest of Latin America Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 169: Rest of Latin America 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • MIDDLE EAST
    • PVC Cling Films Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Middle East for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 170: Middle East Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Geographic Region - Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia, UAE and Rest of Middle East Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 171: Middle East Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Geographic Region - Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia, UAE and Rest of Middle East Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 172: Middle East 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia, UAE and Rest of Middle East Markets for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 173: Middle East Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 174: Middle East Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 175: Middle East 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 176: Middle East Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 177: Middle East Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 178: Middle East 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • IRAN
    • TABLE 179: Iran Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 180: Iran Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 181: Iran 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 182: Iran Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 183: Iran Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 184: Iran 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • ISRAEL
    • TABLE 185: Israel Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 186: Israel Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 187: Israel 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 188: Israel Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 189: Israel Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 190: Israel 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • SAUDI ARABIA
    • TABLE 191: Saudi Arabia Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 192: Saudi Arabia Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 193: Saudi Arabia 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 194: Saudi Arabia Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 195: Saudi Arabia Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 196: Saudi Arabia 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
    • TABLE 197: UAE Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 198: UAE Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 199: UAE 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 200: UAE Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 201: UAE Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 202: UAE 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • REST OF MIDDLE EAST
    • TABLE 203: Rest of Middle East Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 204: Rest of Middle East Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 205: Rest of Middle East 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 206: Rest of Middle East Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 207: Rest of Middle East Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 208: Rest of Middle East 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • AFRICA
    • PVC Cling Films Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Africa for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 209: Africa Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 210: Africa Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Type - Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 211: Africa 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Machine Films, Manual / Handheld Films and Other Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 212: Africa Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 213: Africa Historic Review for PVC Cling Films by Application - Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 214: Africa 15-Year Perspective for PVC Cling Films by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Food & Beverages, Cosmetics & Healthcare, Households, Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030

IV. COMPETITION