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カーボンフットプリントの世界市場

Carbon Footprint


出版日
ページ情報
英文 496 Pages
納期
即日から翌営業日
適宜更新あり
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価格表記: USDを日本円(税抜)に換算
本日の銀行送金レート: 1USD=144.06円
カーボンフットプリントの世界市場
出版日: 2024年11月19日
発行: Global Industry Analysts, Inc.
ページ情報: 英文 496 Pages
納期: 即日から翌営業日
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概要

カーボンフットプリントの世界市場は2030年までに316億トンに達する見込み

2023年に329億トンと推定されるカーボンフットプリントの世界市場は、2030年には316億トンに達し、分析期間2023-2030年のCAGRは-0.6%で成長すると予測されます。

米国市場は52億トンと推定、中国はCAGR 0.6%で成長予測

米国のカーボンフットプリント市場は2023年に52億トンと推定されます。世界第2位の経済大国である中国は、2030年までに128億トンの市場規模に達すると予測され、分析期間2023~2030年のCAGRは0.6%です。その他の注目すべき地域市場としては日本とカナダがあり、分析期間中のCAGRはそれぞれ-4.3%と-0.1%と予測されます。欧州では、ドイツがCAGR-4.3%で成長すると予測されています。

世界のカーボンフットプリント市場- 主要動向と促進要因のまとめ

なぜカーボンフットプリント管理が企業や政府にとって重要な優先事項となりつつあるのか?

気候変動への対応が急務となる中、カーボンフットプリント管理は世界中の企業、政府、個人にとって重要な優先事項として浮上しています。カーボンフットプリントは、輸送、エネルギー消費、製造、農業などの人間活動によって直接的または間接的に排出される温室効果ガス(GHG)、主に二酸化炭素(CO2)の総量を測定します。カーボンフットプリントを理解し管理することは、排出量を削減し、地球温暖化の影響を緩和し、持続可能な目標を達成するために極めて重要です。異常気象の頻度増加、海面上昇、気候変動が生態系や経済に与える影響の増大に伴い、炭素排出量の削減と低炭素・カーボンニュートラル戦略への移行に注目が集まっています。

パリ協定のような国際協定や、ネット・ゼロ・エミッションの達成に向けた各国のコミットメントによって強化された、持続可能性に向けた世界の後押しが、業界全体におけるカーボンフットプリント管理戦略の採用を後押ししています。企業は、高いカーボンフットプリントに関連する財務リスク、風評リスク、規制リスクを認識し、排出量を測定、報告、削減するための炭素管理ソリューションに投資しています。さらに、消費者や投資家は、企業の環境への影響について、より高い透明性と説明責任を求めており、カーボンフットプリントの削減は、企業の社会的責任(CSR)や環境・社会・ガバナンス(ESG)基準の重要な要素となっています。国際社会が気候変動対策への取り組みを強化する中、カーボンフットプリント管理ソリューションとサービスに対する需要は、進化する規制の枠組み、利害関係者の期待、持続可能なビジネス慣行の必要性によって、大きく伸びると予想されます。

カーボンフットプリント管理ソリューションの採用を促進する技術革新とは?

技術革新は、カーボンフットプリント管理ソリューションの精度、効率性、拡張性を高める上で極めて重要な役割を果たしています。この分野で最もインパクトのある進歩のひとつは、人工知能(AI)や機械学習(ML)などのデジタル技術を炭素管理プラットフォームに統合することです。AIやMLのアルゴリズムは、膨大な量のデータを分析し、排出パターンを特定し、過去のデータや業務入力に基づいて将来の動向を予測するために使用されています。これらの技術は、データ収集、検証、報告のプロセスを自動化し、必要な手作業を減らし、エラーの可能性を最小限に抑えることができます。AI主導のアナリティクスを活用することで、企業は排出源をより深く洞察し、改善すべき分野を特定し、排出削減目標を達成するためのデータ主導の戦略を策定することができます。

モノのインターネット(IoT)技術の採用は、カーボンフットプリント管理の進化をさらに促進しています。スマートメーター、センサー、接続機器などのIoTデバイスは、エネルギー消費、燃料使用、生産プロセスに関するリアルタイムのデータ収集に使用され、資産レベルでの排出量の詳細なビューを提供しています。このリアルタイムのモニタリング機能により、企業はより高い精度で二酸化炭素排出量を追跡し、エネルギー使用を最適化し、即座に是正措置を実施できるようになっています。IoTの統合はまた、機器のダウンタイムを減らし、運転効率を向上させ、最終的に排出量を削減することができる予知保全とエネルギー管理システムの開発を促進しています。IoTをクラウドベースのプラットフォームと併用することで、複数の施設や地域にわたって展開できる拡張性と柔軟性のある炭素管理ソリューションがサポートされ、組織が世界規模で排出量を管理しやすくなっています。

ブロックチェーン技術の開拓も、排出量データを追跡・検証する安全で透明性の高い方法を提供することで、カーボンフットプリント管理市場に変革をもたらしつつあります。ブロックチェーンの分散化された不変の台帳は、排出量取引の記録、再生可能エネルギーの使用量の証明、炭素クレジットの真正性の確保に使用することができます。この技術は、炭素管理における大きな課題のひとつである、排出量報告における透明性と信頼の欠如に対処するもので、炭素関連活動の検証可能で監査可能な記録を作成することができます。ブロックチェーンはまた、炭素取引プラットフォームやカーボン・オフセット市場の創設を可能にしており、そこでは組織が排出削減目標を達成するために炭素クレジットの売買や取引を行うことができます。これらの市場参入企業は、自主的な炭素市場への参加を促進し、森林再生、再生可能エネルギー開拓、メタン回収などのカーボン・オフセット・プロジェクトの成長を支援しています。

高度なデータ分析とクラウド・コンピューティングの利用は、カーボンフットプリント管理ソリューションの能力をさらに高めています。クラウドベースのプラットフォームは、排出量データへの集中アクセスを提供し、部門を超えたコラボレーションをサポートし、炭素管理ツールやリソースへのリモートアクセスを可能にします。データ分析の統合により、企業はカーボンフットプリントを可視化し、持続可能性目標に向けた進捗状況を追跡し、社内外の利害関係者向けにカスタマイズしたレポートを作成することができます。このような機能は、複雑なサプライチェーンや多様なオペレーショナル・フットプリントを持つ企業にとって特に価値があり、カーボン・マネジメントに対するより包括的で協調的なアプローチを可能にします。テクノロジーの進歩に伴い、カーボンフットプリント管理ソリューションには、自動シナリオ分析、排出量予測、AIを活用した持続可能性の提案など、さらに高度な機能が組み込まれることが予想され、これらのソリューションの継続的な成長と普及を支えています。

市場力学と規制基準はカーボンフットプリント管理市場をどのように形成しているか?

カーボンフットプリント管理市場は、製品開拓、採用、戦略的優先順位に影響を与える市場力学、規制基準、業界動向の複雑な相互作用によって形成されています。市場促進要因のひとつは、二酸化炭素排出量の測定、報告、削減に対する組織への規制圧力の高まりです。世界中の政府や規制機関は、企業に対して環境への影響を削減するインセンティブを与えるため、より厳しい排出規制、炭素価格メカニズム、報告要件を導入しています。例えば、欧州連合(EU)の排出量取引制度(EU ETS)、米国環境保護庁(EPA)の規制、さまざまな炭素税政策などは、企業に排出量の監視と削減戦略の実行を迫っています。これらの規制を遵守することは、企業が罰則を回避し、市場アクセスを維持し、投資家や利害関係者の期待に応えるために不可欠です。気候変動対策の緊急性に対応するために規制基準が進化し続ける中、企業はコンプライアンスを確保し、持続可能性へのコミットメントを示すために、カーボンフットプリント管理ソリューションに投資しています。

ソリューションプロバイダー間の競争、技術革新、持続可能な製品に対する消費者の需要の高まりといった市場力学も、カーボンフットプリント管理市場に影響を与えています。競合情勢の特徴として、実績のある環境コンサルティング会社、カーボンマネジメントに特化したソフトウェアプロバイダー、革新的な新興企業が存在し、それぞれがさまざまな業界や顧客ニーズに合わせた製品やサービスを提供しています。各社は、製品イノベーション、統合能力、データ収集、分析、報告、排出削減計画を含むエンドツーエンドの炭素管理ソリューションを提供する能力によって差別化を図っています。AIを活用した分析、ブロックチェーンを活用した検証システム、IoTを活用したモニタリング・ソリューションといった技術の進歩により、ソリューション・プロバイダーは、従来の炭素管理手法の限界に対処する、より強力で拡張性のあるツールを提供できるようになっています。

消費者と投資家の期待の影響も、カーボンフットプリント管理市場を形成しています。持続可能で環境に配慮した製品やサービスを求める傾向が強まっており、消費者は購入する製品が環境に与える影響について透明性を求めるようになっています。同様に、投資家も投資判断においてESGパフォーマンスを優先し、強力な環境スチュワードシップと排出量管理を示す企業を選好しています。この変化により、企業はより広範な持続可能性とCSR戦略の一環としてカーボンフットプリント管理ソリューションを採用するようになっています。カーボンフットプリントを積極的に測定し削減する企業は、規制要件を満たすだけでなく、ブランド評価を高め、環境意識の高い顧客を引き付け、持続可能性に焦点を当てたファンドからの投資を確保しています。このような市場力学と規制基準が進化を続ける中、これらはカーボンフットプリント管理市場の開拓と競争力を形成し、製品設計、事業戦略、市場ポジショニングに影響を与えています。

カーボンフットプリント管理市場の拡大を促進する主な成長要因は?

世界のカーボンフットプリント管理市場の成長は、持続可能性と気候変動対策への注目の高まり、業界全体における炭素管理ソリューションの採用の増加、企業の透明性と説明責任の重視の高まりなど、いくつかの重要な要因によってもたらされます。主な成長要因のひとつは、持続可能性への注目の高まりと気候変動への緊急対応です。政府、企業、個人は、地球温暖化を抑制し、パリ協定などの国際協定で定められた目標を達成するために、炭素排出量を削減することの重要性を認識しています。多くの国や地域が、2050年までにネット・ゼロ・エミッションを達成するといった野心的な気候変動目標を掲げており、組織の排出量の測定、追跡、削減に役立つカーボンフットプリント管理ソリューションへの需要が高まっています。また、炭素税やキャップ・アンド・トレード制度など、国や地域によるカーボン・プライシング・イニシアチブの増加も、企業が財務上の負債を最小化するために炭素管理手法を導入するインセンティブとなっています。

もう一つの大きな成長要因は、エネルギー、製造、輸送、農業、小売など、さまざまな業界でカーボンフットプリント管理ソリューションの採用が増加していることです。炭素管理に関しては、さまざまな業界が独自の課題と機会に直面しています。例えば、エネルギーと製造部門は、世界の炭素排出の最大要因の一つであり、炭素管理は、環境への影響を削減し、排出規制を遵守するための重要な優先事項となっています。運輸部門では、燃料使用の最適化、車両効率の向上、物流業務からの排出量削減のために、企業はカーボン管理ソリューションを導入しています。小売業や消費財の分野では、カーボンフットプリントマネジメントを利用して、製品やサプライチェーンが環境に与える影響を評価し、より持続可能な製品を提供したり、透明性を求める消費者の要求に応えたりしています。カーボンフットプリント管理ソリューションの業界を超えた幅広い適用可能性が、市場の拡大を支え、製品開発のイノベーションを促進しています。

企業の透明性と説明責任が重視されるようになったことも、カーボンフットプリント管理市場の拡大に拍車をかけています。企業は、ESG報告や持続可能性コミットメントの一環として、二酸化炭素排出量を含む環境パフォーマンスを開示することがますます求められています。多くの企業は、カーボン・ディスクロージャー・プロジェクト(CDP)や気候関連財務情報開示タスクフォース(TCFD)などのイニシアティブに自主的に参加しており、排出量、気候変動リスク、緩和戦略に関する詳細な情報の提供を求めています。包括的で正確な排出量データの需要は、データ収集、検証、報告をサポートする炭素管理ソリューションの採用を促進しています。これらのソリューションの利用により、企業は報告要件を満たし、排出削減の機会を特定し、利害関係者に持続可能性への取り組みを伝えることができます。

最後に、カーボンオフセットとカーボンニュートラルへの注目の高まりが、カーボンフットプリント管理市場の成長に寄与しています。組織がカーボンニュートラルやネットゼロ排出を達成しようと努力する中で、内部削減努力で排除できない排出量を補うためにカーボンオフセットに目を向けているのです。カーボンフットプリントの管理ソリューションは、企業が森林再生、再生可能エネルギー開発、メタン回収などの質の高いカーボン・オフセット・プロジェクトを特定し、全体的な持続可能性戦略に統合するのに役立っています。炭素取引プラットフォームとカーボン・オフセット・マーケットプレースの発展により、企業は自主的な炭素市場に参加しやすくなり、世界の排出削減努力に貢献しやすくなっています。エネルギー、製造、運輸、消費財などの主要部門からの需要が増加し続け、企業が規制や利害関係者の期待に応えるために技術革新を行っているため、世界のカーボンフットプリント管理市場は、技術の進歩、アプリケーションの拡大、持続可能性と気候変動対策への重点の高まりに牽引され、持続的な成長が見込まれています。

調査範囲

本レポートでは、カーボンフットプリント市場を以下のセグメント別、地域別/国別に百万トン単位で分析しています:

セグメント

地理的地域/国:セグメント

世界のその他の地域;米国;カナダ;日本;中国;欧州;フランス;ドイツ;イタリア;英国;スペイン;ロシア;その他欧州地域;アジア太平洋地域;オーストラリア;イラン;韓国;その他アジア太平洋地域;中南米;アルゼンチン;ブラジル;メキシコ;その他中南米地域;中東;イラン;イスラエル;その他アラブ首長国連邦;その他中東;アフリカ。

調査対象企業の例(合計 137注目)

  • CarbonEES(R)
  • Carbon Footprint Ltd.
  • Dakota Software Corporation
  • EnergyCAP, LLC.
  • ENGIE Impact
  • Envirosoft Corporation
  • IBM Corporation
  • Intelex Technologies Inc.
  • IsoMetrix Software
  • Locus Technologies
  • Native, a Public Benefit Corporation
  • SAP SE
  • Schneider Electric SE
  • Wolters Kluwer N.V.

目次

第1章 調査手法

第2章 エグゼクティブサマリー

  • 市場概要
  • 主要なカーボンフットプリント管理会社
  • 市場動向と促進要因
  • 世界市場の見通し

第3章 市場分析

  • 米国
  • カナダ
  • 日本
  • 中国
  • 欧州
  • フランス
  • ドイツ
  • イタリア
  • 英国
  • スペイン
  • ロシア
  • その他欧州
  • アジア太平洋
  • オーストラリア
  • インド
  • 韓国
  • その他アジア太平洋地域
  • ラテンアメリカ
  • アルゼンチン
  • ブラジル
  • メキシコ
  • その他ラテンアメリカ
  • 中東
  • イラン
  • イスラエル
  • サウジアラビア
  • アラブ首長国連邦
  • その他中東
  • アフリカ

第4章 競合

目次
Product Code: MCP23191

Global Carbon Footprint Market to Reach 31.6 Billion Tonnes by 2030

The global market for Carbon Footprint estimated at 32.9 Billion Tonnes in the year 2023, is expected to reach 31.6 Billion Tonnes by 2030, growing at a CAGR of -0.6% over the analysis period 2023-2030.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at 5.2 Billion Tonnes While China is Forecast to Grow at 0.6% CAGR

The Carbon Footprint market in the U.S. is estimated at 5.2 Billion Tonnes in the year 2023. China, the world's second largest economy, is forecast to reach a projected market size of 12.8 Billion Tonnes by the year 2030 trailing a CAGR of 0.6% over the analysis period 2023-2030. Among the other noteworthy geographic markets are Japan and Canada, each forecast to grow at a CAGR of -4.3% and -0.1% respectively over the analysis period. Within Europe, Germany is forecast to grow at approximately -4.3% CAGR.

Global Carbon Footprint Market - Key Trends & Drivers Summarized

Why Is Carbon Footprint Management Becoming a Critical Priority for Businesses and Governments?

Carbon footprint management is emerging as a critical priority for businesses, governments, and individuals worldwide as the urgency to address climate change intensifies. A carbon footprint measures the total amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs), primarily carbon dioxide (CO2), emitted directly or indirectly by human activities such as transportation, energy consumption, manufacturing, and agriculture. Understanding and managing carbon footprints is crucial for reducing emissions, mitigating the effects of global warming, and achieving sustainability targets. With the increasing frequency of extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and the growing impact of climate change on ecosystems and economies, there is a heightened focus on reducing carbon emissions and transitioning to low-carbon and carbon-neutral strategies.

The global push toward sustainability, reinforced by international agreements such as the Paris Agreement and national commitments to achieving net-zero emissions, is driving the adoption of carbon footprint management strategies across industries. Companies are recognizing the financial, reputational, and regulatory risks associated with high carbon footprints and are investing in carbon management solutions to measure, report, and reduce their emissions. Moreover, consumers and investors are demanding greater transparency and accountability from organizations regarding their environmental impact, making carbon footprint reduction a key component of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria. As the global community intensifies efforts to combat climate change, the demand for carbon footprint management solutions and services is expected to grow significantly, driven by evolving regulatory frameworks, stakeholder expectations, and the need for sustainable business practices.

What Technological Innovations Are Driving the Adoption of Carbon Footprint Management Solutions?

Technological innovations are playing a pivotal role in enhancing the accuracy, efficiency, and scalability of carbon footprint management solutions, enabling organizations to measure, analyze, and reduce their emissions more effectively. One of the most impactful advancements in this space is the integration of digital technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) into carbon management platforms. AI and ML algorithms are being used to analyze vast amounts of data, identify emissions patterns, and predict future trends based on historical data and operational inputs. These technologies can automate the process of data collection, verification, and reporting, reducing the manual effort required and minimizing the likelihood of errors. By leveraging AI-driven analytics, companies can gain deeper insights into their emissions sources, identify areas for improvement, and develop data-driven strategies to achieve emission reduction targets.

The adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) technology is further driving the evolution of carbon footprint management. IoT devices such as smart meters, sensors, and connected equipment are being used to collect real-time data on energy consumption, fuel use, and production processes, providing a granular view of emissions at the asset level. This real-time monitoring capability is enabling organizations to track their carbon footprints with greater precision, optimize energy use, and implement immediate corrective actions. IoT integration is also facilitating the development of predictive maintenance and energy management systems that can reduce equipment downtime and improve operational efficiency, ultimately lowering emissions. The use of IoT in conjunction with cloud-based platforms is supporting scalable and flexible carbon management solutions that can be deployed across multiple facilities and geographies, making it easier for organizations to manage their emissions at a global scale.

The development of blockchain technology is also transforming the carbon footprint management market by providing a secure and transparent way to track and verify emissions data. Blockchain’s decentralized and immutable ledger can be used to record emissions transactions, certify renewable energy usage, and ensure the authenticity of carbon credits. This technology is addressing one of the major challenges in carbon management—the lack of transparency and trust in emissions reporting—by creating a verifiable and auditable record of carbon-related activities. Blockchain is also enabling the creation of carbon trading platforms and carbon offset markets, where organizations can buy, sell, or trade carbon credits to achieve their emissions reduction goals. These platforms are promoting greater participation in voluntary carbon markets and supporting the growth of carbon offset projects, such as reforestation, renewable energy development, and methane capture.

The use of advanced data analytics and cloud computing is further enhancing the capabilities of carbon footprint management solutions. Cloud-based platforms provide centralized access to emissions data, support collaboration across departments, and enable remote access to carbon management tools and resources. The integration of data analytics allows organizations to visualize their carbon footprints, track progress toward sustainability goals, and generate customized reports for internal and external stakeholders. These capabilities are particularly valuable for companies with complex supply chains and diverse operational footprints, as they enable a more comprehensive and coordinated approach to carbon management. As technology continues to advance, carbon footprint management solutions are expected to incorporate even more sophisticated features, such as automated scenario analysis, emissions forecasting, and AI-powered sustainability recommendations, supporting the ongoing growth and adoption of these solutions.

How Are Market Dynamics and Regulatory Standards Shaping the Carbon Footprint Management Market?

The carbon footprint management market is shaped by a complex interplay of market dynamics, regulatory standards, and industry trends that are influencing product development, adoption, and strategic priorities. One of the primary market drivers is the increasing regulatory pressure on organizations to measure, report, and reduce their carbon emissions. Governments and regulatory bodies worldwide are implementing stricter emissions regulations, carbon pricing mechanisms, and reporting requirements to incentivize companies to reduce their environmental impact. For example, the European Union’s Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), the United States’ Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations, and various carbon tax policies are compelling companies to monitor their emissions and implement reduction strategies. Compliance with these regulations is essential for organizations to avoid penalties, maintain market access, and meet investor and stakeholder expectations. As regulatory standards continue to evolve to address the urgency of climate action, companies are investing in carbon footprint management solutions to ensure compliance and demonstrate their commitment to sustainability.

Market dynamics such as competition among solution providers, technological innovation, and growing consumer demand for sustainable products are also influencing the carbon footprint management market. The competitive landscape is characterized by the presence of established environmental consulting firms, specialized carbon management software providers, and innovative startups, each offering a range of products and services tailored to different industries and customer needs. Companies are differentiating themselves through product innovation, integration capabilities, and the ability to provide end-to-end carbon management solutions that include data collection, analysis, reporting, and emissions reduction planning. Technological advancements such as AI-driven analytics, blockchain-based verification systems, and IoT-enabled monitoring solutions are enabling solution providers to offer more powerful and scalable tools that address the limitations of traditional carbon management methods.

The impact of consumer and investor expectations is also shaping the carbon footprint management market. There is a growing trend toward sustainable and environmentally responsible products and services, with consumers increasingly seeking transparency regarding the environmental impact of the products they purchase. Similarly, investors are prioritizing ESG performance in their investment decisions and are favoring companies that demonstrate strong environmental stewardship and emissions management. This shift is encouraging organizations to adopt carbon footprint management solutions as part of their broader sustainability and CSR strategies. Companies that proactively measure and reduce their carbon footprints are not only meeting regulatory requirements but are also enhancing their brand reputation, attracting environmentally conscious customers, and securing investments from sustainability-focused funds. As these market dynamics and regulatory standards continue to evolve, they are shaping the development and competitiveness of the carbon footprint management market, influencing product design, business strategies, and market positioning.

What Are the Key Growth Drivers Fueling the Expansion of the Carbon Footprint Management Market?

The growth in the global carbon footprint management market is driven by several key factors, including the increasing focus on sustainability and climate action, the rising adoption of carbon management solutions across industries, and the growing emphasis on corporate transparency and accountability. One of the primary growth drivers is the heightened focus on sustainability and the urgent need to address climate change. Governments, businesses, and individuals are recognizing the importance of reducing carbon emissions to limit global warming and achieve the targets set by international agreements such as the Paris Agreement. Many countries and regions have set ambitious climate goals, such as achieving net-zero emissions by 2050, which is driving demand for carbon footprint management solutions that can help organizations measure, track, and reduce their emissions. The growing number of national and regional carbon pricing initiatives, such as carbon taxes and cap-and-trade systems, is also incentivizing companies to adopt carbon management practices to minimize their financial liabilities.

Another significant growth driver is the rising adoption of carbon footprint management solutions across diverse industries, including energy, manufacturing, transportation, agriculture, and retail. Different industries face unique challenges and opportunities when it comes to carbon management. For instance, the energy and manufacturing sectors are among the largest contributors to global carbon emissions, making carbon management a critical priority for reducing their environmental impact and achieving compliance with emissions regulations. In the transportation sector, companies are adopting carbon management solutions to optimize fuel use, enhance fleet efficiency, and reduce emissions from logistics operations. In the retail and consumer goods sectors, companies are using carbon footprint management to assess the environmental impact of their products and supply chains, enabling them to offer more sustainable products and meet consumer demand for transparency. The broad applicability of carbon footprint management solutions across industries is supporting the expansion of the market and driving innovation in product development.

The growing emphasis on corporate transparency and accountability is also fueling the expansion of the carbon footprint management market. Companies are increasingly expected to disclose their environmental performance, including their carbon emissions, as part of their ESG reporting and sustainability commitments. Many organizations are voluntarily participating in initiatives such as the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) and the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD), which require them to provide detailed information on their emissions, climate risks, and mitigation strategies. The demand for comprehensive and accurate emissions data is driving the adoption of carbon management solutions that support data collection, verification, and reporting. The use of these solutions is enabling companies to meet reporting requirements, identify emissions reduction opportunities, and communicate their sustainability efforts to stakeholders.

Lastly, the increasing focus on carbon offsetting and carbon neutrality is contributing to the growth of the carbon footprint management market. As organizations strive to achieve carbon neutrality or net-zero emissions, they are turning to carbon offsets to compensate for the emissions that cannot be eliminated through internal reduction efforts. Carbon footprint management solutions are helping companies identify high-quality carbon offset projects, such as reforestation, renewable energy development, and methane capture, and integrate them into their overall sustainability strategies. The development of carbon trading platforms and carbon offset marketplaces is making it easier for organizations to participate in voluntary carbon markets and contribute to global emissions reduction efforts. As demand from key sectors such as energy, manufacturing, transportation, and consumer goods continues to rise, and as companies innovate to meet evolving regulatory and stakeholder expectations, the global carbon footprint management market is expected to witness sustained growth, driven by advancements in technology, expanding applications, and the increasing emphasis on sustainability and climate action.

SCOPE OF STUDY:

The report analyzes the Carbon Footprint market in terms of Million Tonnes by the following Segment, and Geographic Regions/Countries:

Segments:

Geographic Regions/Countries:

World; USA; Canada; Japan; China; Europe; France; Germany; Italy; UK; Spain; Russia; Rest of Europe; Asia-Pacific; Australia; India; South Korea; Rest of Asia-Pacific; Latin America; Argentina; Brazil; Mexico; Rest of Latin America; Middle East; Iran; Israel; Saudi Arabia; UAE; Rest of Middle East; Africa.

Select Competitors (Total 137 Featured) -

  • CarbonEES(R)
  • Carbon Footprint Ltd.
  • Dakota Software Corporation
  • EnergyCAP, LLC.
  • ENGIE Impact
  • Envirosoft Corporation
  • IBM Corporation
  • Intelex Technologies Inc.
  • IsoMetrix Software
  • Locus Technologies
  • Native, a Public Benefit Corporation
  • SAP SE
  • Schneider Electric SE
  • Wolters Kluwer N.V.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. METHODOLOGY

II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

  • 1. MARKET OVERVIEW
    • Our Impact on the Environment. How has it Evolved Over the Years?
    • What's the Current State of Our Climate Crisis?
    • The Time for Climate Behavioral Change is Here. Global CO2 Emissions in Billion Metric Tons of CO2 Per Year for Three Scenarios Historic Trends, Current Trends & Required Commitments
    • Dying Forests are Characteristic of Collapsing Ecosystems: Global % Share of Land by Use Across Centuries
    • Rising Surface Temperatures Raises the Red Flag: Average Global Surface Temperatures (In Degrees Centigrade) for Years 1880 to 2024
    • 30 Years of International Climate Negotiations & Commitments & Still the World is Heating Up, Why?
    • Can Carbon Footprint Management Achieve What Global Climate Leadership Hasn't Been Able to Do?
    • Influencer/Product/Technology Insights
    • Competitive Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial for Players Worldwide in 2024 (E)
  • 2. MAJOR CARBON FOOTPRINT MANAGEMENT COMPANIES
  • 3. MARKET TRENDS & DRIVERS
    • With Climate Change Aggravating Business Risks, Companies Begin to Take a Closer Look at Their Carbon Footprint
    • Here's How Companies are Turning This Risk Into an Opportunity
    • Comprehensive & Complex Environmental Regulations are Lined With Pitfalls
    • Carbon Tax, a Powerful Tool Wielded by Governments to Combat Climate Change
    • Growing Carbon Pricing Revenues Stands as Testimony to the Concept's Evolving Success in Environmental Policymaking Arsenal: Global Revenues Generated from Carbon Tax & Emission Trading Systems (ETS) (In US$ Billion) for Years 2019 Through 2025
    • The Environmental Cost of Artificial Intelligence, a New Challenge for the World to Deal With
    • If the Exponential Growth in AI is not Balanced With Environmental Responsibility, the World Could Be Heading Towards More Trouble: Global AI Market (In US$ Billion) for Years 2024, 2026, 2028, 2030 and 2032
    • As the World's Biggest Polluter, the Oil & Gas Industry Faces a Minefield of Challenges Towards a Net Zero Future
    • Carbon Tax vs Cap and Trade: Which is Better & Have They Worked?
    • What is the Current State of Carbon Capture Technology? & Where Does it Stand in the Action Plan to Curtail Climate Change?
    • Increasing Volume of CO2 Captured Annually Stands Testimony to the Technology's successful Deployment to Combat Climate Change: CO2 Captured Annually (In Million Tons) for Years 2022, 2024 and 2030
    • Strict Decarbonization Regulations Transform the Automotive/Transportation Industry's Carbon Footprint
    • With Transport Emissions Continuing to Increase, Pressure Builds for Charting a Roadmap for Cleaner Air: Carbon Footprint Forecasts for the Global Transport Industry (In Billion Metric Tons) for Years 2020, 2025, 2030, 2035, 2040, 2045 & 2050
    • Heralded as a Cornerstone in the Strategy to Decarbonize Transport, Focused Push Towards Electric Vehicles (EVs) Gains Momentum: Global Sales of EVs (In Units) for Years 2024 and 2027
    • Energy Efficiency Regulations to Lower Carbon Footprint of Industries. Here's How
    • The Great Acceleration in Energy Efficiency is Finally Underway: Global Energy Efficiency Investments (In US$ Billion) for Years 2020, 2022 and 2024
    • As Global Inequality in Carbon Emissions Rise, It's Time to Confront & Tackle Carbon Inequality
    • Global Per Capita CO2 Emissions by Income Group (In Tons Per Year)
    • 4 Climate Change Policy Mistakes that Will Surprise You?
    • A Widely Adopted Strategy to Reduce Vehicle Emission, Biofuel in Reality is a Mistake!
    • Biofuels! Are We Shooting Ourselves in the Foot? Global Biofuels Market (In US$ Billion) for the Years 2024, 2025, 2028, 2030 and 2032
    • Here's Why Biodegradables Won't Solve the Plastic Crisis!
    • Biodegradables! Are We Fooling Ourselves?: Global Biodegradable Plastics Market (In US$ Billion) For Years 2024, 2026, 2028, 2030 and 2032
    • Overreliance on Carbon Offsetting
    • Neglecting Methane in Favor of CO2
    • Neglected Methane Emissions Threaten to Jeopardize Climate Change Action: Global Methane Emissions (In MT/Per Year) by Source for the Year 2024
    • Clean Coal Technologies, a More Pragmatic Strategy That Has Received Less Credit
    • Rather than Eliminating Coal, Adopting Newer, Advanced Ways of Using Coal is a More Realistic Option to Lower Pollution in a World Where 84% of Primary Energy Comes From Fossil Fuel: Global Clean Coal Technologies Market (In US$ Billion) for Years 2024, 2026, 2028, 2030 & 2032
    • Recycling Remains Key to Reduce Carbon Footprint & Close the Loop on the Circular Economy
    • Recycling, the Most Simple Way to Reduce Carbon Footprint, Save Money & Improve Corporate Bottom Lines: Global Market for Recycling Services (In US$ Billion) for Years 2024, 2026, 2028 and 2030
    • Voluntary Environmental Stewardship Can be More Effective than Mandatory Regulations in the Shadow of Weak Governance
  • 4. GLOBAL MARKET PERSPECTIVE
    • TABLE 1: World Carbon Footprint Market Analysis of Annual Sales in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2030
    • TABLE 2: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Footprint by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 3: World Historic Review for Carbon Footprint by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 4: World 13-Year Perspective for Carbon Footprint by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Volume Emissions for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets for Years 2017, 2024 & 2030

III. MARKET ANALYSIS

  • UNITED STATES
    • Carbon Footprint Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in the United States for 2024 (E)
    • TABLE 5: USA Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 6: USA Historic Review for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2022 and % CAGR
  • CANADA
    • TABLE 7: Canada Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 8: Canada Historic Review for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2022 and % CAGR
  • JAPAN
    • Carbon Footprint Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Japan for 2024 (E)
    • TABLE 9: Japan Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 10: Japan Historic Review for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2022 and % CAGR
  • CHINA
    • Carbon Footprint Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in China for 2024 (E)
    • TABLE 11: China Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 12: China Historic Review for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2022 and % CAGR
  • EUROPE
    • Carbon Footprint Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Europe for 2024 (E)
    • TABLE 13: Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Footprint by Geographic Region - France, Germany, Italy, UK, Spain, Russia and Rest of Europe Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 14: Europe Historic Review for Carbon Footprint by Geographic Region - France, Germany, Italy, UK, Spain, Russia and Rest of Europe Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 15: Europe 13-Year Perspective for Carbon Footprint by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Volume Emissions for France, Germany, Italy, UK, Spain, Russia and Rest of Europe Markets for Years 2017, 2024 & 2030
  • FRANCE
    • Carbon Footprint Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in France for 2024 (E)
    • TABLE 16: France Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 17: France Historic Review for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2022 and % CAGR
  • GERMANY
    • Carbon Footprint Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Germany for 2024 (E)
    • TABLE 18: Germany Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 19: Germany Historic Review for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2022 and % CAGR
  • ITALY
    • TABLE 20: Italy Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 21: Italy Historic Review for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2022 and % CAGR
  • UNITED KINGDOM
    • Carbon Footprint Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in the United Kingdom for 2024 (E)
    • TABLE 22: UK Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 23: UK Historic Review for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2022 and % CAGR
  • SPAIN
    • TABLE 24: Spain Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 25: Spain Historic Review for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2022 and % CAGR
  • RUSSIA
    • TABLE 26: Russia Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 27: Russia Historic Review for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2022 and % CAGR
  • REST OF EUROPE
    • TABLE 28: Rest of Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 29: Rest of Europe Historic Review for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2022 and % CAGR
  • ASIA-PACIFIC
    • Carbon Footprint Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Asia-Pacific for 2024 (E)
    • TABLE 30: Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Footprint by Geographic Region - Australia, India, South Korea and Rest of Asia-Pacific Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 31: Asia-Pacific Historic Review for Carbon Footprint by Geographic Region - Australia, India, South Korea and Rest of Asia-Pacific Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 32: Asia-Pacific 13-Year Perspective for Carbon Footprint by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Volume Emissions for Australia, India, South Korea and Rest of Asia-Pacific Markets for Years 2017, 2024 & 2030
  • AUSTRALIA
    • Carbon Footprint Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Australia for 2024 (E)
    • TABLE 33: Australia Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 34: Australia Historic Review for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2022 and % CAGR
  • INDIA
    • Carbon Footprint Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in India for 2024 (E)
    • TABLE 35: India Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 36: India Historic Review for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2022 and % CAGR
  • SOUTH KOREA
    • TABLE 37: South Korea Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 38: South Korea Historic Review for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2022 and % CAGR
  • REST OF ASIA-PACIFIC
    • TABLE 39: Rest of Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 40: Rest of Asia-Pacific Historic Review for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2022 and % CAGR
  • LATIN AMERICA
    • Carbon Footprint Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Latin America for 2024 (E)
    • TABLE 41: Latin America Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Footprint by Geographic Region - Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Rest of Latin America Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 42: Latin America Historic Review for Carbon Footprint by Geographic Region - Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Rest of Latin America Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 43: Latin America 13-Year Perspective for Carbon Footprint by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Volume Emissions for Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Rest of Latin America Markets for Years 2017, 2024 & 2030
  • ARGENTINA
    • TABLE 44: Argentina Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 45: Argentina Historic Review for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2022 and % CAGR
  • BRAZIL
    • TABLE 46: Brazil Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 47: Brazil Historic Review for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2022 and % CAGR
  • MEXICO
    • TABLE 48: Mexico Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 49: Mexico Historic Review for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2022 and % CAGR
  • REST OF LATIN AMERICA
    • TABLE 50: Rest of Latin America Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 51: Rest of Latin America Historic Review for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2022 and % CAGR
  • MIDDLE EAST
    • Carbon Footprint Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Middle East for 2024 (E)
    • TABLE 52: Middle East Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Footprint by Geographic Region - Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia, UAE and Rest of Middle East Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 53: Middle East Historic Review for Carbon Footprint by Geographic Region - Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia, UAE and Rest of Middle East Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2022 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 54: Middle East 13-Year Perspective for Carbon Footprint by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Volume Emissions for Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia, UAE and Rest of Middle East Markets for Years 2017, 2024 & 2030
  • IRAN
    • TABLE 55: Iran Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 56: Iran Historic Review for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2022 and % CAGR
  • ISRAEL
    • TABLE 57: Israel Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 58: Israel Historic Review for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2022 and % CAGR
  • SAUDI ARABIA
    • TABLE 59: Saudi Arabia Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 60: Saudi Arabia Historic Review for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2022 and % CAGR
  • UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
    • TABLE 61: UAE Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 62: UAE Historic Review for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2022 and % CAGR
  • REST OF MIDDLE EAST
    • TABLE 63: Rest of Middle East Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 64: Rest of Middle East Historic Review for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2022 and % CAGR
  • AFRICA
    • Carbon Footprint Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Africa for 2024 (E)
    • TABLE 65: Africa Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 66: Africa Historic Review for Carbon Footprint by Segment - Carbon Footprint Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Emissions in Million Tonnes for Years 2017 through 2022 and % CAGR

IV. COMPETITION