女性の不妊症：疫学予測（～2033年）

不妊症は、避妊せずに12ヶ月以上定期的に性交渉を行っても臨床的妊娠に至らないことで定義される生殖器系の疾患です。不妊症は何100万人もの人々に影響を与え、その家族や地域社会に影響を与えています。推計によると、世界中の生殖年齢にある人の約6人に1人が、生涯に不妊を経験すると言われています（世界保健機関、2024年）。不妊症には2つのタイプがあります。一次性不妊とは、同棲や無防備な性交渉があり、少なくとも12カ月間妊娠を希望しているにもかかわらず、妊娠したことがない場合を指します。二次性不妊症とは、女性が過去に妊娠したことがあるが、その後、同棲、避妊なしの性交渉、少なくとも12カ月間の妊娠希望にもかかわらず妊娠できなかった場合を指します。女性の生殖系では、卵巣、子宮、卵管、内分泌系などの様々な異常によって不妊症が引き起こされることがあります。

生殖年齢にある女性のかなりの割合が不妊を経験しています。不妊症とは一般に、1年間妊娠を試みてもなかなか妊娠しないことを指し、一方、繁殖力の低下には、妊娠すること、または妊娠を継続することのいずれかの問題が含まれます。不妊症と妊娠力障害の主な原因因子は、卵管機能障害、月経障害、性障害、加齢、そしてごく一部の患者では卵巣機能不全です。近年、不妊症はより一般的になってきているが、現代医学における高度な生殖補助医療技術の使用は、不妊症の問題を解決する可能性を大きく高めています。

女性の不妊症には、社会人口統計学的、行動学的、身体的、精神的健康状態など、複数の要因が関与している可能性が指摘されています。不妊に影響する危険因子の中には変えることができないものもありますが、生活習慣の選択など変えることができるものもあります。行動因子や健康状態の多くは、喫煙、肥満、糖尿病など予防可能な場合があります。特定の人種や民族、社会経済的地位、治療へのアクセス、不妊治療サービス／治療の利用も、女性不妊の有病率の高さと関連する要因として指摘されました。

主要7ヶ国では、女性不妊症の診断された偶発症例は、2023年の42万793例から2033年には40万8,771例に減少し、年間成長率（AGR）は0.29％のマイナスになると予想されています。2033年には、米国が13万9,027例で主要7ヶ国中最も多く、スペインは2万6,859例で最も少なくなっています。

当レポートでは、主要7ヶ国市場における女性の不妊症の危険因子、併存疾患、世界および過去の疫学動向について概説し、不妊症の診断済み発症例と診断済み有病率に関する10年間の疫学予測などをまとめています。

目次

第1章 女性の不妊症：エグゼクティブサマリー

第2章 疫学

• 病気の背景
• リスク要因と合併症
• 世界と歴史の動向
• 主要7ヶ国予測調査手法
• 女性の不妊症および生殖能力低下に関する疫学的予測（2023年～2033年）
  • 女性の不妊症診断診断事例
  • 女性の不妊症診断事例、年齢別
  • 女性の不妊症の総症例数
  • 女性の不妊症の総罹患率、年齢別
  • 女性の不妊症の総罹患数、主な病因別
  • 生殖能力障害の罹患総数
  • 生殖能力障害の有病率、年齢別
• 議論
  • 疫学的予測の洞察
  • COVID-19の影響
  • 分析の限界
  • 分析の強み

第3章 付録

Infertility is a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 or more months of regular unprotected sexual intercourse (Zegers-Hochschild et al., 2009; Mascarenhas et al., 2012; Mayo Clinic, 2021; World Health Organization, 2024). Infertility affects millions of people and has an impact on their families and communities. Estimates suggest that approximately one in every six people of reproductive age worldwide experience infertility in their lifetime (World Health Organization, 2024). There are two types of infertility. Primary infertility refers to when a woman has never conceived despite cohabitation, unprotected sexual intercourse, and the wish to become pregnant for at least 12 months. Secondary infertility refers to when a woman has previously conceived but was subsequently unable to conceive despite cohabitation, unprotected sexual intercourse, and the wish to become pregnant for at least 12 months (Zegers-Hochschild et al., 2009; Mascarenhas et al., 2012). In the female reproductive system, infertility may be caused by a range of abnormalities of the ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, and the endocrine system, among others (Mayo Clinic, 2021; World Health Organization, 2024).

A considerable proportion of women of reproductive age experience infertility. Infertility generally refers to a difficulty in becoming pregnant after trying to conceive for one year, whereas impaired fecundity includes problems either in becoming pregnant or carrying a pregnancy to term (Chandra, Copen and Stephen, 2014). The major causative factors of infertility and impaired fecundity are fallopian tube dysfunction, disorders of menstruation, sexual disorders, increasing age, and in a very small percentage of patients, ovarian failure. Although infertility is more prevalent in recent times, the use of advanced assisted reproductive technologies in modern medicine greatly increases the chances of solving infertility problems (Roupa et al., 2009).

Multiple factors have been identified as possible contributors to fertility problems in women, including socio-demographic, behavioral, physical, and mental health conditions. Some risk factors affecting fertility cannot be changed, while others such as lifestyle choices may be altered. Many of the behavioral factors and health conditions may be preventable, such as smoking, obesity, and diabetes. Certain races or ethnicities, socioeconomic status, access to care, and use of infertility services/treatments were also noted as factors tied to a higher prevalence of female infertility (Crawford et al., 2017).

In the 7MM, the diagnosed incident cases of female infertility are expected to decrease from 420,793 cases in 2023 to 408,771 cases in 2033, at a negative annual growth rate (AGR) of 0.29%. In 2033, the US will have the highest number of diagnosed incident cases of female infertility in the 7MM, with 139,027 diagnosed incident cases, whereas Spain will have the fewest diagnosed incident cases with 26,859 cases.

In the 7MM, the total prevalent cases of female infertility are expected to decrease from 16,732,165 cases in 2023 to 16,053,363 cases in 2033, at a negative AGR of 0.41%. In 2033, the US will have the highest number of total prevalent cases of female infertility in the 7MM, with 5,492,669 cases, whereas Spain will have the fewest cases with 1,009,964 total prevalent cases. GlobalData epidemiologists attribute the changes in the diagnosed incident cases and total prevalent cases to the underlying demographic changes in the respective markets.

Scope

• This report provides an overview of the risk factors, comorbidities, and the global and historical epidemiological trends for female infertility in the seven major markets (7MM: US, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, and Japan). The report includes a 10-year epidemiology forecast for the diagnosed incident cases of female infertility, total prevalent cases of female infertility, and total prevalent cases of impaired fecundity. The diagnosed incident and total prevalent cases of female infertility and total prevalent cases of impaired fecundity are further segmented by age (15-24 years, 25-34 years, and 35-44 years). Additionally, this report provides the total prevalent cases of female infertility by major etiological factors (endometriosis, fallopian tube abnormalities, hormonal/metabolic disorders, ovulatory dysfunction disorders, uterine abnormalities, and unexplained factors). This epidemiology forecast for female infertility is supported by historical data obtained from peer-reviewed articles and population-based studies. GlobalData epidemiologists used the clinical definition of female infertility given by the World Health Organization (WHO) to assess the total prevalence of female infertility across the 7MM. The forecast methodology was kept consistent across the 7MM to allow for a meaningful comparison of the forecast diagnosed incident and total prevalent cases of female infertility across these markets.

Reasons to Buy

The Female Infertility epidemiology series will allow you to -

• Develop business strategies by understanding the trends shaping and driving the global Female Infertility market.
• Quantify patient populations in the global Female Infertility market to improve product design, pricing, and launch plans.
• Organize sales and marketing efforts by identifying the age groups that present the best opportunities for Female Infertility therapeutics in each of the markets covered.

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

1 Female Infertility: Executive Summary

• 1.1 Catalyst
• 1.2 Related reports
• 1.3 Upcoming reports

2 Epidemiology

• 2.1 Disease background
• 2.2 Risk factors and comorbidities
• 2.3 Global and historical trends
• 2.4 7MM forecast methodology.
  • 2.4.1 Sources
  • 2.4.2 Forecast assumptions and methods.
  • 2.4.3 Forecast assumptions and methods: diagnosed incident cases of female infertility.
  • 2.4.4 Forecast assumptions and methods: total prevalent cases of female infertility.
  • 2.4.5 Forecast assumptions and methods: total prevalent cases of impaired fecundity.
  • 2.4.6 Forecast assumptions and methods: total prevalent cases of female infertility by major etiologic factors.
• 2.5 Epidemiological forecast for female infertility and impaired fecundity (2023-33)
  • 2.5.1 Diagnosed incident cases of female infertility.
  • 2.5.2 Age-specific diagnosed incident cases of female infertility
  • 2.5.3 Total prevalent cases of female infertility
  • 2.5.4 Age-specific total prevalent cases of female infertility
  • 2.5.5 Total prevalent cases of female infertility by major etiologic factors
  • 2.5.6 Total prevalent cases of impaired fecundity
  • 2.5.7 Age-specific total prevalent cases of impaired fecundity
• 2.6 Discussion
  • 2.6.1 Epidemiological forecast insight
  • 2.6.2 COVID-19 impact.
  • 2.6.3 Limitations of the analysis
  • 2.6.4 Strengths of the analysis

3 Appendix

• 3.1 Bibliography
• 3.2 About the authors
  • 3.2.1 Epidemiologist
  • 3.2.2 Reviewers
  • 3.2.3 Vice President of Disease Intelligence and Epidemiology
  • 3.2.4 Global Head of Pharma Research, Analysis and Competitive Intelligence
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