インクレチンベース医薬品の世界市場 - 2025～2032年

インクレチンベース医薬品の世界市場は2024年に264億9,000万米ドルに達し、2032年には401億3,000万米ドルに達すると予測され、予測期間2025年のCAGRは5.6%で成長します。

インクレチンベース医薬品は、インクレチンホルモンの作用を模倣するように設計された抗糖尿病薬の一種です。インクレチンホルモンは、食物摂取に反応してインスリン分泌を調節するために体内で自然に産生されるホルモンです。これらの薬剤は主に2型糖尿病の治療に使用され、その有効性、安全性、使いやすさが認められています。

インクレチンベース医薬品は主に2種類あり、1つはジペプチジルペプチダーゼ-4（DPP-4）阻害薬で、このクラスにはアログリプチン、リナグリプチン、サキサグリプチン、シタグリプチンなどの薬が含まれます。DPP-4阻害薬は、インクレチンホルモンを分解するDPP-4という酵素を阻害することによって作用します。この酵素を阻害することにより、これらの薬剤はインクレチンの作用を延長し、血糖が上昇したときにインスリン分泌を増加させ、グルカゴンレベルを低下させます。

もう一つはグルカゴン様ペプチド-1（GLP-1）類似薬で、アルビグルチド、デュラグルチド、エキセナチド、リラグルチド、リキシセナチドなどの薬剤が含まれます。GLP-1類似薬は、天然ホルモンであるGLP-1の作用を模倣し、グルコース依存的にインスリン分泌を促進し、胃排出を遅らせ、満腹感を促進し、体重減少を助けることができます。これらの要因が、世界のインクレチンベース医薬品市場拡大の原動力となっています。

市場力学：

促進要因と阻害要因

2型糖尿病の有病率の増加

2型糖尿病の有病率の増加は、世界のインクレチンベース医薬品市場の成長を大きく牽引しており、市場予測期間中も牽引していくと予測されています。

2型糖尿病の疫学

2024年5月の米国疾病予防管理センター（CDC）のデータによると、米国人の約10人に1人が糖尿病を患っており、その大半が2型糖尿病と診断されています。2型糖尿病の有病率は、特に小児、ティーンエイジャー、若年成人の間で上昇しており、この傾向は近年ますます懸念されています。

2型糖尿病は一般的に45歳以上で開発されますが、現在では以前よりも多くの若者がこの疾患と診断されています。しかし、2型糖尿病は、食生活の改善や運動量の増加といった生活習慣の改善により、多くの場合、予防または発症を遅らせることができることに留意することが重要です。現在、3,800万人以上のアメリカ人が糖尿病を患っており、その約90％から95％が2型糖尿病です。これらすべての要因が、世界のインクレチンベース医薬品市場に需要をもたらしています。

さらに、認知度の向上と研究開発活動に対する需要の高まりが、世界のインクレチンベース医薬品市場の拡大に寄与しています。

支援的な償還政策の欠如

支援的な償還政策の欠如は、世界のインクレチンベース医薬品市場の成長を妨げるでしょう。DPP-4阻害薬やGLP-1受容体作動薬などのインクレチンベース医薬品の償還政策は、ヘルスケア管轄区域によって大きく異なることが多いです。多くの国では、これらの治療薬はメトホルミンや他の第一選択薬による前治療を必要とするなど、特定の条件下で償還される場合があります。このため、これらの条件を満たさない患者にとっては障壁となり、有効である可能性のある治療へのアクセスが制限される可能性があります。

インクレチンに基づく多くの新しい治療法は、保険プランによって完全にカバーされていないか、限定的使用（LU）または例外的使用（EU）のカテゴリーでしか利用できない場合があります。例えばカナダでは、DPP-4阻害薬やGLP-1作動薬の単剤製剤は保険償還されることが多いですが、合剤（FDC）製剤は保険償還されないことがあります。このような矛盾は、患者の経済的負担を懸念して、ヘルスケア提供者がこれらの薬剤を処方する意欲を失わせる可能性があります。このように、上記の要因が世界のインクレチンベース医薬品市場の潜在的成長を制限している可能性があります。

このレポートの詳細- サンプル請求

目次

第1章 調査手法と調査範囲

第2章 定義と概要

第3章 エグゼクティブサマリー

第4章 市場力学

• 影響要因
  • 促進要因
    • 2型糖尿病の罹患率の増加
  • 抑制要因
    • 支援的な償還政策の欠如
  • 機会
  • 影響分析

第5章 産業分析

• ポーターのファイブフォース分析
• サプライチェーン分析
• 価格分析
• 特許分析
• 規制分析
• SWOT分析
• アンメットニーズ

第6章 薬剤クラス別

• ジペプチジルペプチダーゼ-4（DPP-4）阻害剤
  • アログリプチン
  • リナグリプチン
  • サクサグリプチン
  • シタグリプチン
• グルカゴン様ペプチド-1（GLP-1）類似体
  • アルビグルチド
  • デュラグルチド
  • エキセナチド
  • リラグルチド
  • リキシセナチド
  • セマグルチド

第7章 投与経路別

• オーラル
• 注射

第8章 流通チャネル別

• 病院薬局
• 小売薬局
• オンライン薬局

第9章 地域別

• 北米
  • 米国
  • カナダ
  • メキシコ
• 欧州
  • ドイツ
  • 英国
  • フランス
  • スペイン
  • イタリア
  • その他欧州地域
• 南米
  • ブラジル
  • アルゼンチン
  • その他南米
• アジア太平洋地域
  • 中国
  • インド
  • 日本
  • 韓国
  • その他アジア太平洋地域
• 中東・アフリカ

第10章 競合情勢

• 競合シナリオ
• 市況・シェア分析
• M&A分析

第11章 企業プロファイル

• Eli Lilly and Company
  • 会社概要
  • 製品ポートフォリオと概要
  • 財務概要
  • 主な発展
• Novo Nordisk
• Merck & Co., Inc.
• AstraZeneca
• Boehringer Ingelheim, Inc.
• Sanofi
• Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited
• Novartis AG
• Bristol-Myers Squibb Company

第12章 付録

The global incretin-based drugs market reached US$ 26.49 billion in 2024 and is expected to reach US$ 40.13 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 5.6% during the forecast period 2025-2032.

Incretin-based drugs are a class of antidiabetic medications designed to mimic the effects of incretin hormones, which are naturally produced by the body to help regulate insulin secretion in response to food intake. These drugs are primarily used to treat type 2 diabetes and are recognized for their effectiveness, safety, and ease of use.

Incretin-based drugs are mainly of 2 types one is dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors this class includes medications such as alogliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, and sitagliptin. DPP-4 inhibitors work by blocking the enzyme DPP-4, which breaks down incretin hormones. By inhibiting this enzyme, these drugs prolong the action of incretins, leading to increased insulin secretion and decreased glucagon levels when blood sugar is elevated.

Another one is the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues this group includes drugs like albiglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, and lixisenatide. GLP-1 analogues mimic the action of the natural hormone GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, slowing gastric emptying, and promoting satiety, which can aid in weight loss. These factors have driven the global incretin-based drugs market expansion.

Market Dynamics: Drivers & Restraints

Increasing Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes

The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes significantly drives the growth of the global incretin-based drugs market and is expected to drive throughout the market forecast period.

Type 2 Diabetes Epidemiology

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) data in May 2024, about 1 in 10 Americans has diabetes, with the majority diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is rising, particularly among children, teenagers, and young adults, a trend that has become increasingly concerning in recent years.

While type 2 diabetes typically develops in individuals aged 45 and older, more young people are now being diagnosed with this condition than in the past. However, it is important to note that type 2 diabetes can often be prevented or delayed through lifestyle changes such as improved diet and increased physical activity. Currently, more than 38 million Americans are living with diabetes, and approximately 90% to 95% of these cases are attributed to type 2 diabetes. All these factors demand the global incretin-based drugs market.

Moreover, the rising demand for growing awareness and R&D activities contributes to the global incretin-based drugs market expansion.

Lack of Supportive Reimbursement Policies

The lack of supportive reimbursement policies will hinder the growth of the global incretin-based drugs market. Reimbursement policies for incretin-based drugs, such as DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists, often vary significantly across healthcare jurisdictions. In many countries, these medications may be reimbursed under specific conditions, such as requiring prior treatment with metformin or other first-line therapies. This can create barriers for patients who do not meet these criteria, limiting their access to potentially effective treatments.

Many newer incretin-based therapies are not fully covered by insurance plans or may only be available under limited use (LU) or exceptional use (EU) categories. For instance, in Canada, while single-drug products of DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists are often reimbursed, fixed-dose combination (FDC) products may not receive any reimbursement at all. This inconsistency can discourage healthcare providers from prescribing these medications due to concerns about patient affordability. Thus, the above factors could be limiting the global incretin-based drugs market's potential growth.

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Segment Analysis

The global incretin-based drugs market is segmented based on drug class, route of administration, distribution channel, and region.

Drug Class:

The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues segment is expected to dominate the global incretin-based drugs market share

The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues segment holds a major portion of the global incretin-based drugs market share and is expected to continue to hold a significant portion of the global incretin-based drugs market share during the forecast period.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists, also referred to as GLP-1 receptor agonists, incretin mimetics, or GLP-1 analogs, are a class of medications utilized in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and, in certain cases, obesity. Notable examples of drugs in this category include Exenatide, Liraglutide, Dulaglutide, and Semaglutide.

As per the American Diabetes Association (ADA), metformin continues to be the preferred first-line therapy for T2DM. However, the addition of a GLP-1 analogue is recommended for patients who either have contraindications or intolerances to metformin, those with a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level exceeding 1.5% above target, or patients who do not achieve their target HbA1c within three months. This is particularly relevant for individuals with atherosclerosis, heart failure, or chronic kidney disease.

According to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) research publication in February 2024, Semaglutide and high-dose Liraglutide have received FDA approval as pharmacologic treatments for obesity and can be prescribed for overweight patients with comorbidities. Research is ongoing regarding the use of GLP-1 analogs in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), showing favorable results in terms of HbA1c reduction and weight loss. However, challenges such as higher costs and tolerability issues remain significant barriers to the widespread prescription of these medications.

As per the 2023 ADA guidelines, GLP-1 receptor agonists are recommended for reducing cardiovascular risk. These agents not only lower the likelihood of cardiovascular events and hypoglycemia but also show potential in slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). They are particularly recommended for individuals with a history of clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), such as prior myocardial infarction or stroke. GLP-1 agonists with proven cardiovascular benefits include Liraglutide, subcutaneous Semaglutide, and Dulaglutide. These factors have solidified the segment's position in the global incretin-based drugs market.

Geographical Analysis

North America is expected to hold a significant position in the global incretin-based drugs market share

North America holds a substantial position in the global incretin-based drugs market and is expected to hold most of the market share.

The increasing prevalence of diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes (T2DM), is a major driver for the demand for incretin-based drugs in North America. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), approximately 49.3 million adults in North America will be living with diabetes in 2021, with projections indicating this number could exceed 55 million by 2030.

Additionally, high obesity rates around 29.4% in Canada-are closely linked to the development of T2DM, further fueling the need for effective treatment options such as GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors.

North America hosts a significant number of pharmaceutical companies specializing in diabetes care, including major players like Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca, and Merck & Co. This concentration fosters competition and innovation, leading to the development of new therapies that can capture market share.

The North American market is characterized by a steady stream of product launches and regulatory approvals for new incretin-based therapies. This continuous innovation enhances the treatment options available to healthcare providers and patients, driving market growth. Recent approvals for oral formulations of GLP-1 analogues have particularly improved accessibility and compliance among patients.

For instance, in May 2022, Mounjaro (tirzepatide) was an advanced medication that received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It is notable for being the first and only approved dual agonist of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors, which are natural incretin hormones involved in glucose metabolism.

Also, in July 2021, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Semglee (insulin glargine-yfgn) injection as the first interchangeable biosimilar insulin product. This medication is indicated for improving glycemic control in both adults and pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, as well as in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Semglee is not only biosimilar to its reference product, Lantus (insulin glargine), but it is also interchangeable, meaning it can be substituted for Lantus at the pharmacy without needing a new prescription from a healthcare provider.

Thus, the above factors are consolidating the region's position as a dominant force in the global incretin-based drugs market.

Asia Pacific is growing at the fastest pace in the global incretin-based drugs market share

Asia Pacific holds the fastest pace in the global incretin-based drugs market and is expected to hold most of the market share.

The increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity in the APAC region is a major driver for the demand for incretin-based drugs. The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported alarming trends in diabetes prevalence, with millions of individuals affected. Countries like India and China have some of the highest diabetes rates globally, necessitating effective treatment options such as GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors.

There has been a marked increase in awareness about diabetes management and treatment options among healthcare professionals and patients in the APAC region. Many governments in the APAC region are implementing policies to improve healthcare access and promote diabetes management. These initiatives often include subsidizing medications, enhancing healthcare infrastructure, and launching public health campaigns that encourage early diagnosis and treatment.

Innovations in drug delivery systems, including needle-free injection devices and oral formulations of GLP-1 analogues, are enhancing patient compliance and convenience. These advancements are critical in encouraging the use of incretin-based therapies among patients who may be hesitant to use injectable medications.

India is often referred to as the "diabetes capital of the world," with a staggering prevalence of diabetes affecting approximately 74 million adults as reported by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). This number is projected to escalate to 125 million by 2045, representing a nearly 70% increase in the diabetic population.

Furthermore, key players in the industry product launches that would drive the global incretin-based drugs market in the region. For instance, in April 2022, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited introduced a novel fixed-dose combination (FDC) medication called Zita Plus Pio in India, specifically designed for adults with uncontrolled Type 2 diabetes. This innovative product combines two well-known diabetes medications: Teneligliptin, a Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, and Pioglitazone, a member of the thiazolidinedione class.

Also, in January 2022, Novo Nordisk, the Danish pharmaceutical company, announced the launch of oral semaglutide in India, a significant development in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. This launch represents an important advancement in diabetes management, as oral semaglutide provides an alternative to injectable forms of GLP-1 receptor agonists, making treatment more accessible and convenient for patients.

Thus, the above factors are consolidating the region's position as the fastest-growing force in the global incretin-based drugs market.

Competitive Landscape

The major global players in the incretin-based drugs market include Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, Merck & Co., Inc., AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Inc., Sanofi, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Novartis AG, and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company among others.

Why Purchase the Report?

• Pipeline & Innovations: Reviews ongoing clinical trials, and product pipelines, and forecasts upcoming advancements in medical devices and pharmaceuticals.
• Product Performance & Market Positioning: Analyzes product performance, market positioning, and growth potential to optimize strategies.
• Real-World Evidence: Integrates patient feedback and data into product development for improved outcomes.
• Physician Preferences & Health System Impact: Examines healthcare provider behaviors and the impact of health system mergers on adoption strategies.
• Market Updates & Industry Changes: Covers recent regulatory changes, new policies, and emerging technologies.
• Competitive Strategies: Analyzes competitor strategies, market share, and emerging players.
• Pricing & Market Access: Reviews pricing models, reimbursement trends, and market access strategies.
• Market Entry & Expansion: Identifies optimal strategies for entering new markets and partnerships.
• Regional Growth & Investment: Highlights high-growth regions and investment opportunities.
• Supply Chain Optimization: Assesses supply chain risks and distribution strategies for efficient product delivery.
• Sustainability & Regulatory Impact: Focuses on eco-friendly practices and evolving regulations in healthcare.
• Post-market Surveillance: Uses post-market data to enhance product safety and access.
• Pharmacoeconomics & Value-Based Pricing: Analyzes the shift to value-based pricing and data-driven decision-making in R&D.

The global incretin-based drugs market report delivers a detailed analysis with 60+ key tables, more than 50 visually impactful figures, and 176 pages of expert insights, providing a complete view of the market landscape.

Target Audience 2023

• Manufacturers: Pharmaceutical, Medical Device, Biotech Companies, Contract Manufacturers, Distributors, Hospitals.
• Regulatory & Policy: Compliance Officers, Government, Health Economists, Market Access Specialists.
• Technology & Innovation: AI/Robotics Providers, R&D Professionals, Clinical Trial Managers, Pharmacovigilance Experts.
• Investors: Healthcare Investors, Venture Fund Investors, Pharma Marketing & Sales.
• Consulting & Advisory: Healthcare Consultants, Industry Associations, Analysts.
• Supply Chain: Distribution and Supply Chain Managers.
• Consumers & Advocacy: Patients, Advocacy Groups, Insurance Companies.
• Academic & Research: Academic Institutions.

Table of Contents

1. Methodology and Scope

• 1.1. Research Methodology
• 1.2. Research Objective and Scope of the Report

2. Definition and Overview

3. Executive Summary

• 3.1. Snippet by Drug Class
• 3.2. Snippet by Route of Administration
• 3.3. Snippet by Distribution Channel
• 3.4. Snippet by Region

4. Dynamics

• 4.1. Impacting Factors
  • 4.1.1. Drivers
    • 4.1.1.1. Increasing Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes
  • 4.1.2. Restraints
    • 4.1.2.1. Lack of Supportive Reimbursement Policies
  • 4.1.3. Opportunity
  • 4.1.4. Impact Analysis

5. Industry Analysis

• 5.1. Porter's Five Force Analysis
• 5.2. Supply Chain Analysis
• 5.3. Pricing Analysis
• 5.4. Patent Analysis
• 5.5. Regulatory Analysis
• 5.6. SWOT Analysis
• 5.7. Unmet Needs

6. By Drug Class

• 6.1. Introduction
  • 6.1.1. Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Drug Class
  • 6.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Drug Class
• 6.2. Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors*
  • 6.2.1. Introduction
  • 6.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 6.2.3. Alogliptin
  • 6.2.4. Linagliptin
  • 6.2.5. Saxagliptin
  • 6.2.6. Sitagliptin
• 6.3. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Analogues
  • 6.3.1. Albiglutide
  • 6.3.2. Dulaglutide
  • 6.3.3. Exenatide
  • 6.3.4. Liraglutide
  • 6.3.5. Lixisenatide
  • 6.3.6. Semaglutide

7. By Route of Administration

• 7.1. Introduction
  • 7.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Route of Administration
  • 7.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Route of Administration
• 7.2. Oral *
  • 7.2.1. Introduction
  • 7.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
• 7.3. Injectable

8. By Distribution Channel

• 8.1. Introduction
  • 8.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
  • 8.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Distribution Channel
• 8.2. Hospital Pharmacies*
  • 8.2.1. Introduction
  • 8.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
• 8.3. Retail Pharmacies
• 8.4. Online Pharmacies

9. By Region

• 9.1. Introduction
  • 9.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Region
  • 9.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Region
• 9.2. North America
  • 9.2.1. Introduction
  • 9.2.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
  • 9.2.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Drug Class
  • 9.2.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Route of Administration
  • 9.2.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
  • 9.2.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
    • 9.2.6.1. U.S.
    • 9.2.6.2. Canada
    • 9.2.6.3. Mexico
• 9.3. Europe
  • 9.3.1. Introduction
  • 9.3.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
  • 9.3.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Drug Class
  • 9.3.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Route of Administration
  • 9.3.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
  • 9.3.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
    • 9.3.6.1. Germany
    • 9.3.6.2. U.K.
    • 9.3.6.3. France
    • 9.3.6.4. Spain
    • 9.3.6.5. Italy
    • 9.3.6.6. Rest of Europe
• 9.4. South America
  • 9.4.1. Introduction
  • 9.4.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
  • 9.4.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Drug Class
  • 9.4.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Route of Administration
  • 9.4.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
  • 9.4.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
    • 9.4.6.1. Brazil
    • 9.4.6.2. Argentina
    • 9.4.6.3. Rest of South America
• 9.5. Asia-Pacific
  • 9.5.1. Introduction
  • 9.5.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
  • 9.5.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Drug Class
  • 9.5.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Route of Administration
  • 9.5.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
  • 9.5.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
    • 9.5.6.1. China
    • 9.5.6.2. India
    • 9.5.6.3. Japan
    • 9.5.6.4. South Korea
    • 9.5.6.5. Rest of Asia-Pacific
• 9.6. Middle East and Africa
  • 9.6.1. Introduction
  • 9.6.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
  • 9.6.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Drug Class
  • 9.6.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Route of Administration
  • 9.6.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel

10. Competitive Landscape

• 10.1. Competitive Scenario
• 10.2. Market Positioning/Share Analysis
• 10.3. Mergers and Acquisitions Analysis

11. Company Profiles

• 11.1. Eli Lilly and Company*
  • 11.1.1. Company Overview
  • 11.1.2. Product Portfolio and Description
  • 11.1.3. Financial Overview
  • 11.1.4. Key Developments
• 11.2. Novo Nordisk
• 11.3. Merck & Co., Inc.
• 11.4. AstraZeneca
• 11.5. Boehringer Ingelheim, Inc.
• 11.6. Sanofi
• 11.7. Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited
• 11.8. Novartis AG
• 11.9. Bristol-Myers Squibb Company

LIST NOT EXHAUSTIVE

12. Appendix

• 12.1. About Us and Services
• 12.2. Contact Us