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家禽飼料用酸性化剤の世界市場 2023年～2030年

Global Poultry Feed Acidulants Market - 2023-2030
出版日: | 発行: DataM Intelligence | ページ情報: 英文 181 Pages | 納期: 約2営業日

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家禽飼料用酸性化剤の世界市場 2023年～2030年
出版日: 2024年02月09日
発行: DataM Intelligence
ページ情報: 英文 181 Pages
納期: 約2営業日
ご注意事項 :
本レポートは最新情報反映のため適宜更新し、内容構成変更を行う場合があります。ご検討の際はお問い合わせください。
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  • 概要
  • 目次
概要

概要

家禽飼料用酸性化剤の世界市場は、2022年に38億2,000万米ドルに達し、2023年～2030年の予測期間中にCAGR 6.4%で成長し、2030年には62億7,000万米ドルに達すると予測されています。

抗生物質使用に対する懸念が高まる中、抗生物質不使用製品に対する消費者の嗜好は高まり続けています。家禽生産者は、家禽の健康と成長を維持するための代替オプションを模索しています。家禽飼料用酸性化剤は、腸の健康を促進し、抗生物質の必要性を減らし、抗生物質不使用の家禽製品の開発を支援することにより、実行可能な解決策を提供します。

家禽の腸内環境とその全体的なパフォーマンスへの影響に関する調査により、バランスのとれた腸内微生物叢をサポートする飼料添加物の使用が推進されています。家禽飼料用酸性化剤は、栄養吸収、消化、免疫機能を改善することができる弱酸性のpHを維持することにより、最適な腸内環境の形成に寄与します。

アジア太平洋地域は、家禽飼料用酸性化剤市場の成長において大きなシェアを占めています。India Journal of Animal Healthによると、インドでは年間30億羽のブロイラーから380万トンの家禽肉が生産されています。同国における肉や卵などの家禽製品の需要の増加は、家禽生産の拡大につながり、これが同地域における家禽飼料用酸性化剤の原動力となっています。

市場力学

家禽における病気の脅威の高さ

家禽は、健康状態や死亡率に影響を与える細菌やウイルス感染など、様々な病気にかかりやすいです。国立医学図書館によると、シダマ地方のシェベディノ地区とデール地区の6つの集約養鶏場と3つの準集約養鶏場で実施された調査の結果、1,000羽あたりの週の死亡率はそれぞれ58.18（最高）と0.21（最低）でした。

家禽飼料に添加される酸性化剤は、有害な病原菌の増殖や成長に好ましくない消化管内環境を作り出すことができます。腸の健康をサポートすることで、酸性化剤は疾病予防と家禽全体の健康に貢献することができます。酸性化剤は、飼料成分の消化率を向上させることで栄養利用を最適化し、飼料効率を高めることができます。

家禽肉の消費の増加

鶏肉やターキー肉などの家禽肉は、世界的に人気のある手頃な動物性タンパク源となっています。FAOの2021年～2030年の世界食肉市場によると、予測期間を通じて家禽肉の消費量は世界全体で1億5,200万トンまで増加し、消費量増加分の52%を占めると予想されています。このような需要の増加は、生産効率を高めるよう家禽生産者にプレッシャーをかけ、最適化された家禽飼料配合の必要性を高めることにつながります。

有機酸や酸性塩などの家禽飼料用酸性化剤は、飼料中の栄養素の消化率を高め、飼料効率の改善につながります。家禽が飼料中の栄養素を効率的に利用できるようになると、家禽が同レベルの成長と生産を達成するために必要な飼料の量が少なくなります。これは養鶏業者の飼料コストを削減するだけでなく、持続可能で資源効率の良い養鶏をサポートします。

抗生物質の禁止

家禽を含む動物飼料への抗生物質の使用が制限されたことにより、家禽の健康を維持し、成長を促進し、食の安全を確保するための代替戦略の必要性が生じています。欧州では年間3億頭以上のケージ飼いの家畜と72億羽の食鳥が生産されています。これらの家畜の大半は、残酷な扱いの結果、病気にならないように抗生物質が餌や水に投与される工場農場で苦しんでいます。2022年1月28日、EUが制定した新しい法律が施行され、養殖動物への日常的な抗生物質の給餌が禁止されました。

抗生物質耐性や残留抗生物質が食品に移行する可能性への懸念から、様々な地域で動物飼料への抗生物質の使用が禁止または制限されています。このため、より厳しい規制を遵守しながら動物の健康と生産を確保できる、持続可能で環境に優しい代替品への需要が生まれています。家禽飼料用酸性化剤は、こうした懸念に沿った解決策を提供し、その採用を促進しています。

飼料用酸性化剤の高価格

家禽飼料用酸性化剤には、添加物の購入費用や、その使用を最適化するための研究開発費用など、家禽生産者にとって追加的なコストが発生する可能性があります。場合によっては、特に小規模の、あるいはコストに敏感な経営体にとっては、認識されているメリットが、追加されたコストを上回らないかもしれません。

飼料用酸性化剤の価格が高いと、養鶏業者にとっては費用対効果が悪くなる可能性があります。飼料配合に酸性化剤を組み込むコストが法外に高くなると、生産者は同様の結果を得るために、代替の飼料添加物や戦略を求めるようになるかもしれません。これは酸性化剤の採用を妨げ、市場の成長を制限する可能性があります。

目次

第1章 調査手法と調査範囲

第2章 定義と概要

第3章 エグゼクティブサマリー

第4章 市場力学

  • 影響要因
    • 促進要因
      • 家禽における疾病の脅威の増大
      • 鶏肉消費の増加
      • 抗生物質の禁止
    • 抑制要因
      • 飼料用酸味料の価格高騰
    • 機会
    • 影響分析

第5章 産業分析

  • ポーターのファイブフォース分析
  • サプライチェーン分析
  • 価格分析
  • 規制分析

第6章 COVID-19分析

第7章 タイプ別

  • プロピオン酸
    • ギ酸
    • クエン酸
    • 乳酸
    • ソルビン酸
    • リンゴ酸
    • 酢酸
    • その他

第8章 形態別

  • 乾燥
  • 中間体
  • 液体

第9章 配合別

  • ブレンド
  • 単品

第10章 流通チャネル別

  • ハイパーマーケット／スーパーマーケット
  • 専門店
  • eコマース
  • その他

第11章 機能別

  • PHコントロール
  • 飼料効率
  • フレーバー

第12章 地域別

  • 北米
    • 米国
    • カナダ
    • メキシコ
  • 欧州
    • ドイツ
    • 英国
    • フランス
    • イタリア
    • ロシア
    • その他欧州
  • 南米
    • ブラジル
    • アルゼンチン
    • その他南米
  • アジア太平洋
    • 中国
    • インド
    • 日本
    • オーストラリア
    • その他アジア太平洋
  • 中東・アフリカ

第13章 競合情勢

  • 競合シナリオ
  • 市況/シェア分析
  • M&A分析

第14章 企業プロファイル

  • BASF SE
    • 会社概要
    • 製品ポートフォリオと説明
    • 財務概要
    • 最近の動向
  • Eastman Chemical Company
  • Corbion
  • Perstorp
  • Jefo
  • NOVUS INTERNATIONAL, INC.
  • Kemin Industries, Inc.
  • Peterlabs Holdings
  • Impextraco NV
  • ADDCON GmbH LIST NOT EXHAUSTIVE

第15章 付録

目次
Product Code: AG7952

Overview

Global Poultry Feed Acidulants Market reached US$ 3.82 billion in 2022 and is expected to reach US$ 6.27 billion by 2030, growing with a CAGR of 6.4% during the forecast period 2023-2030.

As concerns about antibiotic use are rising, consumer preferences for antibiotic-free products continue to grow. Poultry producers are seeking out alternative options to maintain poultry health and growth. Poultry feed acidulants offer a viable solution by promoting gut health, reducing the need for antibiotics, and supporting the development of antibiotic-free poultry products.

Research into the gut health of poultry and its impact on overall performance is driving the use of feed additives that support a balanced gut microbiome. Poultry feed acidulants contribute to creating an optimal gut environment by maintaining a slightly acidic pH, which can improve nutrient absorption, digestion, and immune function.

Asia-Pacific contributes to a significant share in the poultry feed acidulants market growth. According to the India Journal of Animal Health, in India, 3.8 million tons of poultry meat is produced from 3000 million broilers per year. The increasing demand for poultry products such as meat and eggs in the country has led to expansion in poultry production which is driving the poultry feed acidulants in that region.

Dynamics

High Threat of Disease in Poultry

Poultry are susceptible to various diseases, including bacterial and viral infections that can impact their health and mortality rates. According to the National Library of Medicine, there was a study conducted in six intensive and three semi-intensive poultry farms in the Shebedino and Dale districts of the Sidama Region, The result showed that 58.18 and 0.21 deaths per 1000 chicken weeks at risk represented the highest and lowest incidence rates of mortality, respectively.

Acidulants added to poultry feed can create an environment in the digestive tract that is less favorable for the growth and proliferation of harmful pathogens. By supporting gut health, acidulants can contribute to disease prevention and overall poultry health. Acidulants can help optimize nutrient utilization by improving the digestibility of feed components, thereby enhancing feed efficiency.

Increasing Consumption of Poultry Meat

Poultry meat, including chicken and turkey, has become a popular and affordable source of animal protein globally. According to FAO, world meat markets for the period 2021-30, poultry meat consumption is expected to rise to 152 Mt globally throughout the forecast period, making up 52% of the increased meat consumed. This higher demand puts pressure on poultry producers to enhance production efficiency, leading to an increased need for optimized poultry feed formulations.

Poultry feed acidulants, such as organic acids and acid salts, can enhance the digestibility of nutrients in feed, leading to improved feed efficiency. When poultry can efficiently utilize the nutrients in their feed, they require less feed to achieve the same level of growth and production. This not only reduces feed costs for poultry producers but also supports sustainable and resource-efficient poultry farming.

Ban of Antibiotics

The restriction of antibiotics in animal feed, including poultry, has created a need for alternative strategies to maintain poultry health, promote growth, and ensure food safety. More than 300 million caged farm animals and 7.2 billion meat birds are produced annually in Europe. The majority of these animals suffer in factory farms where they are given antibiotics in their food or water to protect them from succumbing to disease as a result of cruel treatment. On January 28, 2022, a new law enacted by the European Union that ban routine antibiotic feeding of farmed animals come into force.

Concerns about antibiotic resistance and the potential transfer of antibiotic residues to food products have led to the ban or restrictions on antibiotics in animal feed in various regions. This has created a demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives that can ensure animal health and production while complying with stricter regulations. Poultry feed acidulants offer a solution that aligns with these concerns, driving their adoption.

High Prices of Feed Acidulants

Poultry feed acidulants can incur additional costs for poultry producers, including the cost of purchasing the additives and potential research and development expenses associated with optimizing their use. In some cases, the perceived benefits might not outweigh the added costs, particularly for smaller or cost-sensitive operations.

High prices of feed acidulants can make them less cost-effective for poultry producers. When the cost of incorporating acidulants into feed formulations becomes prohibitively high, producers may seek alternative feed additives or strategies to achieve similar results. This can hinder the adoption of acidulants and limit their market growth.

Segment Analysis

The global poultry feed acidulants market is segmented based on type, form, compound, distribution channel, function and region.

Rising Demand For Formic acid for Controlling Pathogen

Formic acid possesses antimicrobial properties which can help control the growth of pathogens like Salmonella spp. in poultry feed. These pathogens can negatively impact poultry health and food safety. According to the National Library of Medicine, a survey was conducted to gather information on disease incidence and the number of dead chickens. Of the respondents, 86.1% reported experiencing a poultry disease in the previous year. The use of formic acid, in poultry feed is believed to positively influence growth performance, feed conversion efficiency, and immune function, leading to improved production metrics.

Formic acid can help in regulating the pH of the digestive tract in poultry. Maintaining an optimal pH environment can enhance nutrient absorption and support overall gut health. In response to growing concerns about antibiotic resistance, organic acids have been investigated as alternatives to antibiotics in promoting animal health and growth.

Geographical Penetration

Asia-Pacific Growing Poultry Meat Consumption

The poultry industry has grown substantially in the Asia-Pacific area due to various factors including population increase, urbanization, and rising disposable incomes. According to FAO predictions, in 2022, China produced 24 MMT of poultry meat, closely followed by the United States at about 23 MMT and Brazil at 15 MMT. This rising poultry meat consumption rises the demand for poultry feed and additives, including acidulants to support poultry production.

There is a growing focus on the animal feed industry in Asia-Pacific. In July 2022, AB Agri opened an animal feed manufacturing mill of 240,000 capacity in China to expand production capacity in that region. The growing animal feed industry is boosting various feed additives including poultry feed acidulants in that region.

Urbanization in the Asia-Pacific region has led to an increased demand for processed and convenient foods, including poultry products. Poultry farming has become an essential part of the food supply chain to meet urban consumers' needs, creating a substantial market for feed additives like acidulants.

Competitive Landscape

The major global players include BASF SE, Eastman Chemical Company, Corbion, Perstorp, Jefo, NOVUS INTERNATIONAL, INC., Kemin Industries, Inc., Peterlabs Holdings, Impextraco NV, ADDCON GmbH.

COVID-19 Impact Analysis

COVID Impact

The pandemic led to disruptions in global supply chains, including those related to feed additives. Restrictions on movement, lockdowns, and reduced workforce availability have affected the production, distribution, and availability of feed acidulants, potentially leading to supply shortages or delays.

During the pandemic, there is a shift in consumer behavior, including changes in food consumption patterns. The COVID-19 pandemic affected the poultry industry, as a result of the lockdown and also because of rumors that chickens and their products would spread the disease. The decreasing demand for poultry meat during the pandemic reduced poultry production which impacted the demand for feed acidulants.

Russia- Ukraine War Impact

The conflict led to disruptions in trade routes, transportation networks, and logistics infrastructure, it affected the availability and distribution of feed ingredients, including feed acidulants. Supply chain disruptions lead to delays or shortages, which impacted the production of animal feed and ultimately influence the demand for feed acidulants.

By Type

  • Propionic Acid
  • Formic Acid
  • Citric Acid
  • Lactic Acid
  • Sorbic Acid
  • Malic Acid
  • Acetic Acid
  • Others

By Form

  • Dry
  • Liquid

By Compound

  • Blended
  • Single

By Distribution Channel

  • Hypermarket/Supermarket
  • Specialty Stores
  • E-Commerce
  • Others

By Function

  • PH Control
  • Feed Efficiency
  • Flavor

By Region

  • North America
    • U.S.
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • Germany
    • UK
    • France
    • Italy
    • Russia
    • Rest of Europe
  • South America
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
    • Rest of South America
  • Asia-Pacific
    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • Australia
    • Rest of Asia-Pacific
  • Middle East and Africa

Key Developments

  • In September 2022, BASF launched propionic acid with zero carbon footprint. The propionic acid is produced at BASF's Ludwigshafen Verbund site, in Germany.
  • In November 2020, DSM expanded its geographical presence in the South Asian market by establishing a new plant in China. The company expanded in order to advertise and sell its animal nutrition and wellness products.

Why Purchase the Report?

  • To visualize the global poultry feed acidulants market segmentation based on type, form, compound, distribution channel, function and region, as well as understand key commercial assets and players.
  • Identify commercial opportunities by analyzing trends and co-development.
  • Excel data sheet with numerous data points of poultry feed acidulants market-level with all segments.
  • PDF report consists of a comprehensive analysis after exhaustive qualitative interviews and an in-depth study.
  • Product mapping available as Excel consisting of key products of all the major players.

The global poultry feed acidulants market report would provide approximately 77 tables, 81 figures and 181 Pages.

Target Audience 2023

  • Manufacturers/ Buyers
  • Industry Investors/Investment Bankers
  • Research Professionals
  • Emerging Companies

Table of Contents

1. Methodology and Scope

  • 1.1. Research Methodology
  • 1.2. Research Objective and Scope of the Report

2. Definition and Overview

3. Executive Summary

  • 3.1. Snippet by Type
  • 3.2. Snippet by Form
  • 3.3. Snippet by Compound
  • 3.4. Snippet by Distribution Channel
  • 3.5. Snippet by Function
  • 3.6. Snippet by Region

4. Dynamics

  • 4.1. Impacting Factors
    • 4.1.1. Drivers
      • 4.1.1.1. High Threat of Disease in Poultry
      • 4.1.1.2. Increasing Consumption of Poultry Meat
      • 4.1.1.3. Ban of Antibiotics
    • 4.1.2. Restraints
      • 4.1.2.1. High Prices of Feed Acidulants
    • 4.1.3. Opportunity
    • 4.1.4. Impact Analysis

5. Industry Analysis

  • 5.1. Porter's Five Force Analysis
  • 5.2. Supply Chain Analysis
  • 5.3. Pricing Analysis
  • 5.4. Regulatory Analysis

6. COVID-19 Analysis

  • 6.1. Analysis of COVID-19
    • 6.1.1. Scenario Before COVID
    • 6.1.2. Scenario During COVID
    • 6.1.3. Scenario Post COVID
  • 6.2. Pricing Dynamics Amid COVID-19
  • 6.3. Demand-Supply Spectrum
  • 6.4. Government Initiatives Related to the Market During Pandemic
  • 6.5. Manufacturers Strategic Initiatives
  • 6.6. Conclusion

7. By Type

  • 7.1. Introduction
    • 7.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Type
    • 7.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Type
  • 7.2. Propionic Acid*
    • 7.2.1. Introduction
    • 7.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
    • 7.2.3. Formic Acid
    • 7.2.4. Formic Acid
    • 7.2.5. Citric Acid
    • 7.2.6. Lactic Acid
    • 7.2.7. Sorbic Acid
    • 7.2.8. Malic Acid
    • 7.2.9. Acetic Acid
    • 7.2.10. Others

8. By Form

  • 8.1. Introduction
    • 8.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Form
    • 8.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Form
  • 8.2. Dry*
    • 8.2.1. Introduction
    • 8.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 8.3. Intermediate
  • 8.4. Liquid

9. By Compound

  • 9.1. Introduction
    • 9.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Compound
    • 9.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Compound
  • 9.2. Blended*
    • 9.2.1. Introduction
    • 9.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 9.3. Single

10. By Distribution Channel

  • 10.1. Introduction
    • 10.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
    • 10.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Distribution Channel
  • 10.2. Hypermarket/Supermarket*
    • 10.2.1. Introduction
    • 10.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 10.3. Specialty Stores
  • 10.4. E-Commerce
  • 10.5. Others

11. By Function

  • 11.1. Introduction
    • 11.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Function
    • 11.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Function
  • 11.2. PH Control*
    • 11.2.1. Introduction
    • 11.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 11.3. Feed Efficiency
  • 11.4. Flavor

12. By Region

  • 12.1. Introduction
    • 12.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Region
    • 12.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Region
  • 12.2. North America
    • 12.2.1. Introduction
    • 12.2.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 12.2.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Type
    • 12.2.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Form
    • 12.2.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Compound
    • 12.2.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
    • 12.2.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Function
    • 12.2.8. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 12.2.8.1. U.S.
      • 12.2.8.2. Canada
      • 12.2.8.3. Mexico
  • 12.3. Europe
    • 12.3.1. Introduction
    • 12.3.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 12.3.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Type
    • 12.3.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Form
    • 12.3.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Compound
    • 12.3.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
    • 12.3.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Function
    • 12.3.8. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 12.3.8.1. Germany
      • 12.3.8.2. UK
      • 12.3.8.3. France
      • 12.3.8.4. Italy
      • 12.3.8.5. Russia
      • 12.3.8.6. Rest of Europe
  • 12.4. South America
    • 12.4.1. Introduction
    • 12.4.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 12.4.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Type
    • 12.4.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Form
    • 12.4.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Compound
    • 12.4.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
    • 12.4.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Function
    • 12.4.8. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 12.4.8.1. Brazil
      • 12.4.8.2. Argentina
      • 12.4.8.3. Rest of South America
  • 12.5. Asia-Pacific
    • 12.5.1. Introduction
    • 12.5.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 12.5.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Type
    • 12.5.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Form
    • 12.5.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Compound
    • 12.5.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
    • 12.5.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Function
    • 12.5.8. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 12.5.8.1. China
      • 12.5.8.2. India
      • 12.5.8.3. Japan
      • 12.5.8.4. Australia
      • 12.5.8.5. Rest of Asia-Pacific
  • 12.6. Middle East and Africa
    • 12.6.1. Introduction
    • 12.6.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 12.6.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Type
    • 12.6.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Form
    • 12.6.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Compound
    • 12.6.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
    • 12.6.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Function

13. Competitive Landscape

  • 13.1. Competitive Scenario
  • 13.2. Market Positioning/Share Analysis
  • 13.3. Mergers and Acquisitions Analysis

14. Company Profiles

  • 14.1. BASF SE*
    • 14.1.1. Company Overview
    • 14.1.2. Product Portfolio and Description
    • 14.1.3. Financial Overview
    • 14.1.4. Recent Developments
  • 14.2. Eastman Chemical Company
  • 14.3. Corbion
  • 14.4. Perstorp
  • 14.5. Jefo
  • 14.6. NOVUS INTERNATIONAL, INC.
  • 14.7. Kemin Industries, Inc.
  • 14.8. Peterlabs Holdings
  • 14.9. Impextraco NV
  • 14.10. ADDCON GmbH LIST NOT EXHAUSTIVE

15. Appendix

  • 15.1. About Us and Services
  • 15.2. Contact Us