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市場調査レポート
商品コード
1705110
表皮水疱症市場 - 市場の洞察、疫学、市場予測:2034年Epidermolysis Bullosa - Market Insight, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast - 2034 |
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カスタマイズ可能
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表皮水疱症市場 - 市場の洞察、疫学、市場予測:2034年 |
出版日: 2025年04月01日
発行: DelveInsight
ページ情報: 英文 200 Pages
納期: 2~10営業日
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当レポートは、米国、EU4ヶ国(ドイツ、スペイン、イタリア、フランス)、英国、日本における表皮水疱症、歴史的および予測疫学、表皮水疱症市場動向の詳細な理解を提供します。
現在の治療法、新薬、個々の治療法の市場シェア、2020年から2034年までの主要7ヶ国の表皮水疱症市場規模の現状と予測を提供しています。また、現在の表皮水疱症治療法/アルゴリズムやアンメットメディカルニーズも網羅しており、最良の機会を発掘し、市場の潜在力を評価します。
表皮水疱症は、極端な皮膚の脆弱性とわずかな摩擦や外傷に対する水疱形成を特徴とする遺伝性皮膚疾患です。この疾患は、皮膚の構造的完全性を維持する役割を担うタンパク質に影響を及ぼす遺伝子変異によって引き起こされます。表皮水疱症の重症度は様々で、軽症から生命を脅かすものまで、特定の亜型によって異なります。
表皮水疱症患者の症状は、頻繁な皮膚の水疱形成および創傷治癒の遅れのような症状の発現から始まります。皮膚の脆弱性および水疱の分布を評価するためにヘルスケア専門家による臨床検査が行われます。診断を確定し、特定の表皮水疱症サブタイプを分類するために、皮膚生検と遺伝子検査が行われます。診断後は、皮膚科医、創傷ケアの専門家、栄養士、理学療法士が参加する集学的管理計画が立案されます。表皮水疱症とともに生きる課題に対処するために、精神的サポートとカウンセリングが提供されます。皮膚の健康状態を観察し、合併症を予防するためには、長期的なケアと定期的な経過観察が必要です。医療資源や専門知識へのアクセスは、経過の期間や結果に影響を与えます。早期診断はタイムリーな介入と患者のQOL向上のために極めて重要です。
表皮水疱症の治療は、主に症状の管理と合併症の予防に重点を置きます。これには創傷ケアの実施、感染管理、疼痛管理、および適切な栄養補給が含まれます。重度の表皮水疱症に対しては、皮膚外傷を最小限に抑えるために、特殊なドレッシング材、包帯および保護衣が必要となります。また、手の変形などの合併症に対処するために外科的介入が必要となることもあります。
表皮水疱症は、かゆみを効果的に抑えるコルチコステロイドで治療することができます。しかし、局所または経口コルチコステロイドの長期使用は視床下部-下垂体軸を抑制する可能性があり、これは小児に多くみられます。
現在のところ、3つの治療法しか承認されていないです。したがって、現状では、効果的で的を絞った治療が、この疾患の治療における重要なアンメット・ニーズです。
上市済み薬剤
VYJUVEK(beremagene geperpavec):Krystal Biotech
B-VECは、DEB創傷に直接塗布することで、COL7A1遺伝子を2コピー導入するようにデザインされた、非侵襲的、局所的、再利用可能な遺伝子治療薬です。2023年5月、VYJUVEK(beremagene geperpavec-svdt)が生後6ヵ月以上のDEB患者の治療薬として承認されました。VYJUVEKは史上初の再利用可能な遺伝子治療薬であり、劣性・優性を問わずDEBの治療薬としてFDAに承認された最初で唯一の医薬品です。
2023年11月、Krystal Biotechは、欧州医薬品庁(EMA)のヒト用医薬品委員会(CHMP)に提出した、ジストロフィー性表皮水疱症(DEB)治療薬VYJUVEKの販売承認申請(MAA)が有効であり、現在CHMPの審査中であることを発表しました。CHMPの見解は2024年後半に予想されています。一方、日本での承認は2025年初頭に見込まれています。
FILSUVEZ(オレオゲル-S10):Chiesi Farmaceutici
FILSUVEZ(オレオゲル-S10/白樺トリテルペン/旧名AP101)は、白樺樹皮由来の白樺トリテルペンを含有する生薬製剤です。FILSUVEZは2022年6月21日にEU全域で有効な販売承認を取得しました。FILSUVEZゲルは、接合型表皮水疱症および異栄養性表皮水疱症に伴う表在性創傷の治療を適応とし、6カ月以上の患者を対象としています。2022年2月、Amryt社は、ジストロフィー型および接合型表皮水疱症の皮膚症状の治療を適応とするオレオゲル-S10の新薬承認申請(NDA)について、米国FDAから審査完了報告書(Complete Response Letter:CRL)を受領したと発表しました。FDAはAmrytに対し、表皮水疱症におけるオレオゲル-S10の有効性に関する追加的な確認証拠の提出を求めました。2023年4月、Chiesi FarmaceuticiがAmryt Pharmaの買収完了を発表しました。
2023年12月、米国FDAは接合型表皮水疱症(JEB)およびジストロフィー型表皮水疱症(DEB)の6カ月以上の患者における部分的な厚さの創傷の治療薬としてFILSUVEZ局所ゲルを承認。FILSUVEZは、JEBに伴う創傷の治療薬として初めて承認されました。
新薬
EB-101:Abeona Therapeutics
EB-101は、劣性遺伝性表皮水疱症の治療薬として開発中の自己細胞治療薬です。EB-101による治療は、遺伝子導入によりCOL7A1遺伝子を患者の皮膚細胞(ケラチノサイトおよびその前駆細胞)に導入し、その細胞を患者に移植します。EB-101は、正常なVII型コラーゲンの発現を可能にし、創傷治癒を促進する能力について研究されています。EB-101は、RDEBの治療薬として初めて承認される可能性があり、最も痛みを伴い衰弱させる大きな慢性創傷に対応する唯一の耐久性のある治療薬となります。
2022年11月、主要な第III相試験であるVIITAL試験において、創傷治癒と疼痛軽減の2つの主要評価項目が達成され、大規模な慢性劣性ジストロフィー性表皮水疱症において、統計学的に有意かつ臨床的に意義のある改善が認められました。2023年9月、当社はEB-101の承認を求めて米国FDAに生物製剤承認申請(BLA)を提出しました。この申請において、Abeonaは優先審査を申請しており、この優先審査が認められれば、FDAの審査期間は通常の審査では10ヶ月であるところ、BLAの申請受理から6ヶ月に短縮されます。
D-Fi(ダボセマジェン・オートフィセル):Castle Creek Biosciences
D-FiはFCX-007(dabocemagene autoficel)としても知られ、進行性で壊滅的な痛みを伴う衰弱性表皮水疱症(DEB)を治療する自己遺伝子治療薬候補です。D-Fiは現在、劣性遺伝性表皮水疱症患者の慢性創傷の局所治療を目的とした第III相臨床開発段階にあります。臨床試験計画には、D-Fiの多施設共同、患者内無作為化、対照、非盲検試験が含まれ、第I/II相臨床試験で報告されたデータを基礎としています。
表皮水疱症に対する遺伝子療法は、FDAが承認した最初の局所遺伝子療法であるVYJUVEKの承認によって現実のものとなりつつあります。他の2つの遺伝子治療候補はアベオナとCastle Creek Biosciencesで、COL7A1を体内に導入することでVYJUVEKと同様の効果を発揮します。
VYJUVEKは、単純ヘルペスウイルス1型(HSV-1)を遺伝子治療ベクターとして使用した最初の製品です。遺伝子治療に使われる他の多くのウイルスとは異なり、単純ヘルペスウイルスは細胞に感染しても宿主のゲノムに組み込まれることはないです。これは、統合によって正常な遺伝子発現が阻害され、がんを引き起こす危険性がわずかにあるためです。
JACEは2018年に表皮水疱症に対する薬事承認を取得した最初の細胞療法です。幹細胞を用いた治療法は、特に以前は不治の病であった疾患に対して、ますます重要になってきています。ABCB5+間葉系間質細胞(ABCB5+MSC)は、その特別な免疫調節作用と抗炎症作用により、表皮水疱症を含む様々な慢性炎症性疾患に対する新たな有望な治療アプローチとなります。この細胞治療剤は、慢性静脈性創傷(CVU)において、幹細胞が体内の免疫系と局所的に相互作用し、その結果慢性創傷を閉鎖できることをすでに示しています。他の2つの細胞治療薬には、イシン・ファーマのフェーズIII製品であるISN001と、Holostem Terapie Avanzate社が開発したALLO-RV-LAMB3導入表皮幹細胞があります。
様々な変異に起因する表皮水疱症のサブタイプのいずれにも治療法はなく、現在の治療法は創傷と疼痛の管理に焦点を当てるのみです。したがって、新しい効果的な治療アプローチが早急に求められています。表皮水疱症の治療は、支持療法と創傷管理、水疱形成と感染の予防、疼痛と痒みの対症療法、合併症の予防、モニタリング、治療に重点を置いています。創傷ケアは依然として治療の基礎であり、疼痛を軽減し、水疱形成、瘢痕形成および感染を軽減および予防するために、患部への半包帯による保護包帯の使用が含まれます。ドレッシング材の交換や創傷ケアには時間と費用がかかり、患者や介護者にとって負担となります。劣性ジストロフィー性表皮水疱症の多くの患者にとって、創傷ケアは1日4時間以上必要です。包括的かつ生涯にわたるケアが必要なため、患者やヘルスケアシステムにとって臨床的・経済的負担は大きいです。
当レポートでは、主要7ヶ国における表皮水疱症市場について調査し、市場の概要とともに、疫学、患者動向、新たな治療法、2034年までの市場規模予測、および医療のアンメットニーズなどを提供しています。
DelveInsight's "Epidermolysis Bullosa - Market Insights, Epidemiology and Market Forecast - 2034" report delivers an in-depth understanding of the Epidermolysis Bullosa, historical and forecasted epidemiology as well as the Epidermolysis Bullosa market trends in the United States, EU4 (Germany, Spain, Italy, and France) and the United Kingdom, and Japan.
The Epidermolysis Bullosa market report provides current treatment practices, emerging drugs, market share of individual therapies, and current and forecasted 7MM Epidermolysis Bullosa market size from 2020 to 2034. The report also covers current Epidermolysis Bullosa treatment practices/algorithms and unmet medical needs to curate the best opportunities and assess the market's underlying potential.
Study Period: 2020-2034
Epidermolysis Bullosa Overview
Epidermolysis Bullosa is a genetic skin disorder characterized by extreme skin fragility and blistering in response to minimal friction or trauma. The condition is caused by genetic mutations that affect the proteins responsible for maintaining the structural integrity of the skin. The severity of Epidermolysis Bullosa can vary widely, ranging from mild to life-threatening, depending on the specific subtype.
Epidermolysis Bullosa Diagnosis
The patient journey of Epidermolysis Bullosa begins with the onset of symptoms, such as frequent skin blistering and slow wound healing. Concerned caregivers seek medical attention, leading to a clinical examination by a healthcare professional to assess skin fragility and blister distribution. Skin biopsy and genetic testing are performed to confirm the diagnosis and classify the specific Epidermolysis Bullosa subtype. Upon diagnosis, a multidisciplinary management plan is developed involving dermatologists, wound care specialists, nutritionists, and physiotherapists. Emotional support and counseling are provided to cope with the challenges of living with Epidermolysis Bullosa. Long-term care and regular follow-ups are necessary to monitor skin health and prevent complications. Access to medical resources and expertise can influence the journey's duration and outcomes. Early diagnosis is crucial for timely intervention and improving the patient's quality of life.
Epidermolysis Bullosa Treatment
Treatment for Epidermolysis Bullosa primarily focuses on symptom management and complication prevention. This includes implementing wound care, infection control, pain management, and providing appropriate nutritional support. For individuals with severe Epidermolysis Bullosa, specialized dressings, bandages, and protective clothing may be necessary to minimize skin trauma. Surgical intervention might also be required to address complications like hand deformities.
Epidermolysis bullosa can be treated with corticosteroids, which effectively reduce itching. However, extended use of topical or oral corticosteroids may suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, which can be more common in children.
Currently, only three therapies have been approved; therefore, as per the current situation, effective and targeted treatment remains a significant unmet need to treat this disease.
As the market is derived using a patient-based model, the Epidermolysis Bullosa epidemiology chapter in the report provides historical as well as forecasted epidemiology segmented by total prevalent cases of Epidermolysis Bullosa, total diagnosed prevalent cases of Epidermolysis Bullosa, gender-specific cases of Epidermolysis Bullosa, age-specific cases of Epidermolysis Bullosa, and type-specific cases of Epidermolysis Bullosa in the 7MM covering the United States, EU4 countries (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain), the United Kingdom, and Japan from 2020 to 2034. The total prevalent cases of Epidermolysis Bullosa in the 7MM comprised approximately 46,500 cases in 2023 and are projected to increase during the forecasted period.
The drug chapter segment of the Epidermolysis Bullosa report encloses a detailed analysis of Epidermolysis Bullosa marketed drugs and late-stage (Phase III and Phase II) pipeline drugs. It also helps understand the Epidermolysis Bullosa pivotal clinical trial details, recent and expected market approvals, patent details, advantages and disadvantages of each included drug, the latest news, and recent deals and collaborations.
Marketed Drug
VYJUVEK (beremagene geperpavec): Krystal Biotech
B-VEC is a non-invasive, topical, redosable gene therapy designed to deliver two copies of the COL7A1 gene when applied directly to DEB wounds. In May 2023, VYJUVEK (beremagene geperpavec-svdt) was approved for treating patients 6 months of age or older with DEB. VYJUVEK is the first-ever redosable gene therapy and the first and only medicine approved by the FDA for treating DEB, both recessive and dominant; a healthcare professional can administer that in either a healthcare professional setting or in the home.
In November 2023, Krystal Biotech announced that the Company's Marketing Authorization Application (MAA) to the European Medicines Agency's (EMA) Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) for VYJUVEK for the treatment of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) has been validated and is now under CHMP review. A CHMP opinion is anticipated in the second half of 2024. Whereas approval in Japan is expected in early 2025.
FILSUVEZ (oleogel-S10): Chiesi Farmaceutici
FILSUVEZ (oleogel-S10/birch triterpenes/formerly known as AP101) is an herbal medicinal product that contains birch triterpenes from birch bark. FILSUVEZ received a marketing authorization valid throughout the EU on 21 June 2022. FILSUVEZ gel is indicated for patients 6 months and older to treat superficial wounds associated with Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa and Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa. In February 2022, Amryt announced it received a Complete Response Letter (CRL) from the US FDA regarding its New Drug Application (NDA) for Oleogel-S10 for the treatment of the cutaneous manifestations of dystrophic and Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa. The FDA asked Amryt to submit additional confirmatory evidence of effectiveness for Oleogel-S10 in epidermolysis bullosa. In April 2023, Chiesi Farmaceutici announced the completion of the acquisition of Amryt Pharma.
In December 2023, the US FDA approved FILSUVEZ topical gel for the treatment of partial thickness wounds in patients 6 months and older with Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa (JEB) and Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa (DEB). FILSUVEZ is the first approved treatment for wounds associated with JEB.
Emerging Drug
EB-101: Abeona Therapeutics
EB-101 is an autologous, engineered cell therapy currently being developed to treat Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa. Treatment with EB-101 involves using gene transfer to deliver the COL7A1 gene into a patient's skin cells (keratinocytes and its progenitors) and transplanting those cells back to the patient. EB-101 is being investigated for its ability to enable normal Type VII collagen expression and to facilitate wound healing. EB-101 has the potential to be the first approved therapy for RDEB and the only durable treatment to address large chronic wounds, which are the most painful and debilitating.
In November 2022, the pivotal Phase III VIITAL study met its two co-primary efficacy endpoints demonstrating statistically significant, clinically meaningful improvements in wound healing and pain reduction in large chronic Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa. In September 2023, the Company submitted a Biologics License Application (BLA) to the US FDA seeking approval of EB-101. As part of the submission, Abeona requested a Priority Review, which, if granted, would shorten the FDA's review period to six months from the filing acceptance of the BLA, instead of 10 months under standard review.
D-Fi (dabocemagene autoficel): Castle Creek Biosciences
D-Fi, also known as FCX-007 (dabocemagene autoficel), is an autologous gene therapy candidate to treat dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB), a progressive, devastatingly painful, and debilitating, rare genetic skin disorder. D-Fi is currently in Phase III clinical development for the localized treatment of chronic wounds in individuals with Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa. The clinical study plan includes a multi-center, within-patient randomized, controlled, open-label study of D-Fi and builds on data reported from the Phase I/II clinical trial.
Drug Class Insights
Preclinical or clinical testing of gene therapies (gene replacement, gene editing, RNA-based therapy, natural gene therapy), cell-based therapies (fibroblasts, bone marrow transplantation, mesenchymal stromal cells, induced pluripotential stem cells), recombinant protein therapies, and small molecule and drug repurposing approaches are all being currently explored for epidermolysis bullosa.
Gene therapies for epidermolysis bullosa are becoming a reality with the approval of VYJUVEK, the first FDA-approved topical gene therapy. Two other gene therapy contenders are Abeona and Castle Creek Biosciences, which operate similarly to VYJUVEK by introducing COL7A1 into the body.
VYJUVEK is the first to use the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a gene therapy vector. Unlike many other viruses used for gene therapy, the herpes simplex virus does not integrate into its host's genome when it infects a cell. This is an advantage because there is a slight risk that integration can disrupt normal gene expression and cause cancer.
JACE was the first cell therapy to get the regulatory nod for Epidermolysis Bullosa in 2018. Stem cell-based therapies are becoming increasingly important, especially for previously incurable diseases. Due to the special immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, ABCB5+ mesenchymal stromal cells (ABCB5+ MSCs) represent a new, promising therapeutic approach for various chronic inflammatory diseases, including epidermolysis bullosa. The cell therapy agent has already shown in chronic venous wounds (CVU) that the stem cells interact locally with the immune system in the body, and therefore chronic wounds can be closed. The two other cell therapies include ISN001, a Phase III product by Ishin Pharma, and ALLO- RV-LAMB3-transduced epidermal stem cells, developed by Holostem Terapie Avanzate.
There is no cure for any of the subtypes of epidermolysis bullosa resulting from different mutations, and current therapy only focuses on managing wounds and pain. Novel effective therapeutic approaches are therefore urgently required. Management of epidermolysis bullosa focuses on supportive and wound care, prevention of blistering and infection, symptomatic relief of pain and itch, and prevention, monitoring, and treatment of complications. Wound care remains the cornerstone of treatment and includes the use of semi-occlusive, protective bandages to the affected area to decrease pain and reduce and prevent blistering, scarring, and infection. Dressing changes and wound care can be time-consuming and expensive, making them burdensome to patients and caregivers. For many patients with Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa, wound care requires more than 4 h per day. Due to the comprehensive and lifelong care needed, the clinical and economic burden can be high for patients and healthcare systems.
In the race for gene therapy treatments for epidermolysis bullosa, Krystal has gained an advantage as it has already received FDA approval for VYJUVEK in both recessive and dominant forms of the condition. On the other hand, Abeona and Castle Creek Biosciences have pursued more conventional gene therapy approaches with their candidates, EB-101 and D-Fi, respectively, targeting Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa.
Shionogi and Ishin Pharma are exclusively conducting their development efforts in Japan. Shionogi's Redasemtide is currently undergoing Phase II trials for DEB. The company is in discussions with the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) to seek drug approval based on the results of the Phase II trial and the follow-up study.
Despite the challenges, the focus remains strong among epidermolysis bullosa specialists and researchers who are deeply engaged in researching new treatment modalities. Further investigation is crucial for this patient population, given the severe impact of epidermolysis bullosa on their quality of life and life expectancy, particularly when complicated by chronic wound infections or sepsis. The commitment to finding effective treatments for epidermolysis bullosa persists, emphasizing the urgency of continued research efforts.
As per DelveInsight's estimates, the potential drugs that can mark a significant change in the forecast period includes JACE, FILSUVEZ, VYJUVEK, PTR-01, RV-LAMB3-transduced epidermal stem cells, and others.
This section focuses on the uptake rate of potential drugs expected to be launched in the market during 2024-2034. An expected fast uptake of VYJUVEK in the US as Cheisi's product launched recently in the US after several hurdles, which might gave VYJUVEK some alone time in the US market. Even though we expect a Medium-fast uptake of Abeona's EB-101 and its launch in 2024, the label will only be restricted to RDEB patients, which is approximately 15% of the total EB patient pool comprising of severe patients. Two of the most potential upcoming therapies by Abeona and Castle Creek Biosciences are targeting the same patient pool and are expected to have stiff competition due to launch during the same period. Whereas, this remains quite different in Europe, where we expect FILSUVEZ to have an upper hand in terms of faster adoption and uptake due to first mover advantage and inclusion of a broader patient pool in its EMA label, even though FILSUVEZ has not been launched anywhere except in Germany as of July 2023.
Epidermolysis Bullosa Pipeline Development Activities
The report provides insights into different therapeutic candidates in Phase III and Phase II. It also analyzes key players involved in developing targeted therapeutics.
Pipeline Development Activities
The report covers information on collaborations, acquisitions and mergers, licensing, and patent details for Epidermolysis Bullosa emerging therapy.
KOL Views
To keep up with current market trends, we take KOLs and SMEs' opinions working in the domain through primary research to fill the data gaps and validate our secondary research. Industry experts contacted for insights on Epidermolysis Bullosa evolving treatment landscape, patient reliance on conventional therapies, patient's therapy switching acceptability, and drug uptake, along with challenges related to accessibility, include Medical/scientific writers; Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa Research Association of America; Dermatologist and Professors; National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, and Center for Blistering Diseases, St John's Institute of Dermatology, NHS Foundation Trust, Departments of Dermatology, and others.
Delveinsight's analysts connected with 30+ KOLs to gather insights; however, interviews were conducted with 10+ KOLs in the 7MM. Centers such as the Center for Blistering Diseases, Department of Allergology and Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, etc., were contacted. Their opinion helps understand and validate current and emerging therapy treatment patterns or Epidermolysis Bullosa market trends. This will support the clients in potential upcoming novel treatments by identifying the overall scenario of the market and the unmet needs.
Qualitative Analysis
We perform Qualitative and market Intelligence analysis using various approaches, such as SWOT analysis and Analyst views. In the SWOT analysis, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in terms of disease diagnosis, patient awareness, patient burden, competitive landscape, cost-effectiveness, and geographical accessibility of therapies are provided. These pointers are based on the Analyst's discretion and assessment of the patient burden, cost analysis, and existing and evolving treatment landscape.
The analyst views analyze multiple emerging therapies based on relevant attributes such as safety, efficacy, frequency of administration, route of administration, and order of entry.
In efficacy, the trial's primary and secondary outcome measures are evaluated; for instance, in Epidermolysis Bullosa trials, wound healing/wound closure is one of the most important primary outcome measures.
Further, the therapies' safety is evaluated wherein the acceptability, tolerability, and adverse events are majorly observed, and it sets a clear understanding of the side effects posed by the drug in the trials.
Market Access and Reimbursement
Reimbursement is a crucial factor that affects the drug's access to the market. Often, the decision to reimburse comes down to the price of the drug relative to the benefit it produces in treated patients. To reduce the healthcare burden of these high-cost therapies, many payment models are being considered by payers and other industry insiders. The payment models are based on clinical outcomes, annuity payments, and expanded risk pools. The Institute for Clinical and Economic Review estimates that the cumulative budget impact for gene and cell therapies alone could rise to USD 3 trillion in the US when only about 10% of eligible patients are treated with these therapies. There are various disease advocacy groups, such as DEBRA International, with nearly 50 national DEBRA and epidermolysis bullosa patient support groups that help patients with epidermolysis bullosa for insurance and reimbursement.
The report further provides detailed insights on the country-wise accessibility and reimbursement scenarios, cost-effectiveness scenario of approved therapies, programs making accessibility easier and out-of-pocket costs more affordable, insights on patients insured under federal or state government prescription drug programs, etc.