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ゼロ液体排出システムの世界市場：システムタイプ別、技術別、プロセス別、エンドユーザー別、国別、地域別 - 産業分析、市場規模、市場シェア、予測（2024年～2032年）

Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Market, By System Type, By Technology, By Process, By End-User, By Country, and By Region - Industry Analysis, Market Size, Market Share & Forecast from 2024-2032

出版日
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英文 303 Pages
納期
2～3営業日
カスタマイズ可能
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価格表記: USDを日本円(税抜)に換算
本日の銀行送金レート: 1USD=143.57円
ゼロ液体排出システムの世界市場：システムタイプ別、技術別、プロセス別、エンドユーザー別、国別、地域別 - 産業分析、市場規模、市場シェア、予測（2024年～2032年）
出版日: 2025年02月04日
発行: AnalystView Market Insights
ページ情報: 英文 303 Pages
納期: 2～3営業日
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概要

レポートハイライト

ゼロ液体排出（ZLD）システムの市場規模は2024年に78億1,032万米ドルとなり、2025年から2032年にかけてCAGR 8.20%で拡大

ゼロ液体排出システム市場 - 市場力学

廃水管理意識の高まりが市場成長の原動力となる見込み

世界各国の政府は、水域の汚染を防ぐために厳しい排出規制を実施しています。こうした義務に対応するため、ZLDシステムを採用する産業が増加しています。淡水資源が枯渇する中、産業界はZLDシステムを採用して水を再利用し、水不足地域での持続可能な操業を確保しています。国内60万マイルの下水道システムの寿命は50年です。治療装置の寿命は15年から20年です。米国科学アカデミーの研究によると、同国の沿岸都市では、廃水処理によって水の供給量を27％増やすことができるといいます。地域社会は、産業廃水が環境に与える影響をますます認識するようになっており、環境に優しい廃水管理ソリューションを採用するよう、産業界に圧力をかけています。しかし、アジア太平洋、ラテンアメリカ、中東などの地域では工業化が急速に進んでおり、ZLDシステムにとって大きなビジネスチャンスとなっています。さらに、初期投資が高いことが市場成長を制限する可能性があります。

ゼロ液体排出システム市場 - 主要洞察

調査アナリストの分析によると、世界市場は予測期間（2024年～2032年）に約8.20%のCAGRで毎年成長すると予測されています。

技術セグメンテーションに基づくと、膜ベースが2024年に最大市場シェアを示すと予測されました。

エンドユーザー別では、エネルギー・電力部門が2024年の主要セグメントでした。

地域別では、北米が2024年の売上高をリードしました。

ゼロ液体排出（ZLD）システム市場 - セグメンテーション分析：

ゼロ液体排出システムの世界市場は、システムタイプ、技術、プロセス、エンドユーザー、地域に基づいてセグメント化されます。

市場はシステムタイプによって従来型ZLDシステムとハイブリッドZLDシステムに分類される。ゼロ液体排出システム市場は、従来型ZLDシステムとハイブリッドZLDシステムに大別され、それぞれ異なる産業要件と運用効率に対応しています。従来型ZLDシステムは、熱蒸発や晶析などの確立された技術を採用して液体排出ゼロを達成します。対照的に、ハイブリッドZLDシステムは、逆浸透やナノろ過を含む膜ベースの前処理技術と熱プロセスを統合し、液体排出ゼロを達成します。

市場は技術によって、熱ベースと膜ベースの2つのセグメントに分類され、後者が市場拡大を牽引しています。膜ベースの液体排出ゼロ（ZLD）システムは、そのエネルギー効率、コンパクトな設計、多様な廃水組成を管理する能力により、ますます人気が高まっています。これらのシステムは、運転効率と持続可能性が重要な分野で特に有益です。高度なろ過技術を活用した膜ベースのZLDシステムは、廃水から汚染物質を効果的に分離します。代表的な膜プロセスには、逆浸透（RO）、ナノろ過（NF）、限外ろ過（UF）などがあり、これらは液体排出ゼロを達成するために最小限の熱プロセスと統合されることが多いです。

市場は、採用されている処理方法に基づいて、前処理、ろ過、蒸発・晶析の3つのセグメントに分類されます。前処理は、ゼロ液体排出（ZLD）システムの基礎となる段階であり、原廃水は、高度なろ過や熱処理の前に、より大きな粒子や汚染物質の除去を目的とした様々な技術に供されます。この段階には一般的に、化学治療、物理ろ過、沈殿が含まれます。ろ過は、水から溶存固形物、有機汚染物質、その他の不純物を除去してから、追加処理を行ったり、排水やリサイクルを行ったりするために不可欠です。蒸発と晶析は、処理水から残留廃棄物を濃縮・分離するためにZLDシステムで利用される熱技術です。これらの方法は、固形廃棄物を残したまま水の回収を促進するため、塩分濃度の高い廃水が含まれるシナリオでは特に重要です。これらのプロセスは連動しており、特定のシステムの選択は、廃水の組成、エネルギー費用、規制基準への準拠などの要因に影響されます。

市場はエンドユーザー別に、石油・ガス、製薬、エネルギー・電力、化学・石油化学などの4つのセグメントに分類されます。エネルギー・電力セクターは、この市場の主要セグメントです。この分野は、水と廃棄物管理に関する環境規制がますます厳しくなっているため、ゼロ液体排出（ZLD）システムの需要を促進する上で極めて重要です。ZLDシステムは、廃水の処理と再利用を促進し、廃棄物の発生を大幅に削減するもので、発電所、製油所、その他のエネルギー関連事業にとって不可欠なものとなっています。これらのシステムは、環境フットプリントを最小限に抑えながら水をリサイクルし再利用するための、産業界にとって信頼できるソリューションを提供します。

ゼロ液体排出システム市場 - 地理的洞察

北米が市場をリードしているのは、急速な工業化と廃水管理に対する政府資金の増加によるものです。特に米国とカナダは、化学、発電、製薬、石油・ガスなどの分野で強力な産業基盤を有しており、これらすべてが相当量の廃水を生産しています。環境保護庁（EPA）のマイケル・リーガン長官は、バイデン大統領の「アメリカへの投資」イニシアティブに由来する、きれいな水のインフラ整備のための58億米ドルの資金配分を発表するため、政権の「アメリカへの投資ツアー」の一環として、ペンシルベニア州ピッツバーグを訪問する予定です。北米では連邦政府も州政府も水処理インフラに多額の投資を行っています。欧州は、厳しい規制と先進技術の採用が市場成長の原動力となり、第2位の地域となっています。さらに、アジア太平洋地域は、産業の成長と政府の支援策に後押しされ、最も急成長している市場と認識されています。中東とアフリカは、革新的なゼロ液体排出（ZLD）ソリューションを通じて水不足への取り組みに集中しています。

ゼロ液体排出システム市場 - 競合情勢：

ゼロ液体排出システム市場は、技術、価格、サービス品質で競争する世界的・地域的企業が複数存在することが特徴です。各社は、先進的でエネルギー効率が高く、コスト効率の高いZLDソリューションを提供することで競争しています。世界に事業を展開する多国籍企業は、各地域のサービスセンターを設立し、地域市場のニーズに対応することで競争しています。新興国市場の地元企業は、繊維や食品加工などの産業向けのニッチで低コストのソリューションで市場に参入しています。企業は、エネルギー効率を高め、コストを削減するために、膜技術、蒸発器、晶析器に多額の投資を行っています。各社は、効率向上のために膜技術と熱技術を組み合わせたハイブリッドZLDシステムの開発に注力しています。

目次

第1章 ゼロ液体排出システム市場概要

  • 調査範囲
  • 市場推定年

第2章 エグゼクティブサマリー

  • 市場内訳
  • 競合考察

第3章 ゼロ液体排出システムの主な市場動向

  • 市場促進要因
  • 市場抑制要因
  • 市場機会
  • 市場の将来動向

第4章 ゼロ液体排出システム産業調査

  • PEST分析
  • ポーターのファイブフォース分析
  • 成長見通しマッピング
  • 規制枠組み分析

第5章 ゼロ液体排出システム市場：高まる地政学的緊張の影響

  • COVID-19パンデミックの影響
  • ロシア・ウクライナ戦争の影響
  • 中東紛争の影響

第6章 ゼロ液体排出システムの市場情勢

  • ゼロ液体排出システムの市場シェア分析、2024年
  • 主要メーカー別内訳データ
    • 既存企業の分析
    • 新興企業の分析

第7章 ゼロ液体排出システム市場 - システムタイプ別

  • 概要
    • セグメントシェア分析 - システムタイプ別
    • 従来のZLDシステム
    • ハイブリッドZLDシステム

第8章 ゼロ液体排出システム市場 - 技術別

  • 概要
    • セグメントシェア分析 - 技術別
    • 熱ベース
    • 膜ベース

第9章 ゼロ液体排出システム市場 - プロセス別

  • 概要
    • セグメントシェア分析 - プロセス別
    • 前処理
    • 濾過
    • 蒸発・結晶化

第10章 ゼロ液体排出システム市場 - エンドユーザー別

  • 概要
    • セグメントシェア分析 - エンドユーザー別
    • 石油・ガス
    • 製薬
    • エネルギーと電力
    • 化学および石油化学製品
    • その他

第11章 ゼロ液体排出システム市場 - 地域別

  • イントロダクション
  • 北米
    • 概要
    • 北米の主要メーカー
    • 米国
    • カナダ
  • 欧州
    • 概要
    • 欧州の主要メーカー
    • ドイツ
    • 英国
    • フランス
    • イタリア
    • スペイン
    • オランダ
    • スウェーデン
    • ロシア
    • ポーランド
    • その他
  • アジア太平洋
    • 概要
    • アジア太平洋の主要メーカー
    • 中国
    • インド
    • 日本
    • 韓国
    • オーストラリア
    • インドネシア
    • タイ
    • フィリピン
    • その他
  • ラテンアメリカ
    • 概要
    • ラテンアメリカの主要メーカー
    • ブラジル
    • メキシコ
    • アルゼンチン
    • コロンビア
    • その他
  • 中東・アフリカ
    • 概要
    • 中東・アフリカの主要メーカー
    • サウジアラビア
    • アラブ首長国連邦
    • イスラエル
    • トルコ
    • アルジェリア
    • エジプト
    • その他

第12章 主要ベンダー分析 - ゼロ液体排出システム業界

  • 競合ダッシュボード
    • 競合ベンチマーク
    • 競合ポジショニング
  • 企業プロファイル
    • Alfa Laval
    • Aquarion
    • Aquatech International
    • Evoqua Water Technologies
    • GEA Group
    • H2O
    • IDE Water Technologies
    • Mitsubishi Power
    • Petro Sep Corporation
    • Praj Industries
    • SafBon Water Technology
    • Saltworks Technologies
    • Thermax
    • Toshiba
    • Veolia Water Technologies
    • Others

第13章 アナリストの全方位的展望

目次
Product Code: ANV4670

REPORT HIGHLIGHT

Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Market size was valued at USD 7,810.32 Million in 2024, expanding at a CAGR of 8.20% from 2025 to 2032.

Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) represents a state-of-the-art wastewater treatment methodology designed to entirely eradicate liquid discharge from a system. The primary objective of a ZLD system is to minimize the volume of wastewater necessitating additional treatment, efficiently process wastewater, and generate a clean effluent that is suitable for reuse. ZLD systems are crucial in sectors where stringent environmental regulations and water scarcity necessitate sustainable wastewater management practices. Furthermore, zero liquid discharge is beneficial for solar steam generation applications.

Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Market- Market Dynamics

Growing waste-water management awareness is expected to drive the growth of the market

Governments worldwide are enforcing stringent discharge norms to prevent pollution of water bodies. Industries are increasingly adopting ZLD systems to comply with these mandates. With depleting freshwater resources, industries are adopting ZLD systems to recycle water, ensuring sustainable operations in water-scarce regions. The 600,000 miles of sewer systems in the country have a 50-year life expectancy. Treatment equipment has a life expectancy of 15 to 20 years. According to a National Academy of Sciences study, the country's coastal cities could increase their water supply by 27 percent with treated wastewater. Communities are increasingly aware of the environmental impacts of industrial wastewater, pressuring industries to adopt eco-friendly wastewater management solutions. However, Rapid industrialization in regions such as Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East presents significant opportunities for ZLD systems. Moreover, High Initial Investment may restrict the market growth.

Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Market- Key Insights

As per the analysis shared by our research analyst, the global market is estimated to grow annually at a CAGR of around 8.20% over the forecast period (2024-2032)

Based on Technology segmentation, Membrane-based was predicted to show maximum market share in the year 2024

Based on End-User segmentation, the Energy and Power sector was the leading segment in 2024

Based on region, North America was the leading revenue generator in 2024

Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Market- Segmentation Analysis:

The Global Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Market is segmented based on System Type, Technology, Process, End-User, and Region.

The market is classified into three segments according to System Type: Conventional ZLD systems and Hybrid ZLD systems. The Zero Liquid Discharge Systems market is extensively categorized into Conventional ZLD Systems and Hybrid ZLD Systems, each addressing distinct industrial requirements and operational efficiencies. Conventional ZLD systems employ established technologies such as thermal evaporation and crystallization to attain zero liquid discharge. In contrast, Hybrid ZLD systems integrate membrane-based pre-treatment technologies, including reverse osmosis and nanofiltration, with thermal processes to accomplish zero liquid discharge.

The market is categorized into two segments based on technology: Thermal-based and Membrane-based systems, with the latter driving market expansion. Membrane-based Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) systems are increasingly popular due to their energy efficiency, compact design, and capability to manage diverse wastewater compositions. These systems are especially beneficial in sectors where operational efficiency and sustainability are critical. Utilizing advanced filtration technologies, membrane-based ZLD systems effectively separate contaminants from wastewater. Prominent membrane processes include Reverse Osmosis (RO), Nanofiltration (NF), and Ultrafiltration (UF), which are frequently integrated with minimal thermal processes to achieve zero liquid discharge.

The market is categorized into three segments based on the processing methods employed: Pre-treatment, Filtration, and Evaporation/Crystallization. Pre-treatment serves as the foundational step in Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) systems, wherein raw wastewater is subjected to various techniques aimed at eliminating larger particles and contaminants before advanced filtration or thermal processing. This phase generally encompasses chemical treatment, physical filtration, and sedimentation. Filtration is essential for the removal of dissolved solids, organic pollutants, and other impurities from the water before it undergoes additional treatment or is either discharged or recycled. Evaporation and crystallization are thermal techniques utilized in ZLD systems to concentrate and isolate residual waste from the treated water. These methods are particularly crucial in scenarios involving high-salinity wastewater, as they facilitate water recovery while leaving solid waste behind. These processes work in tandem, and the selection of a specific system is influenced by factors such as the composition of the wastewater, energy expenses, and compliance with regulatory standards.

The market is categorized into four segments based on End-User: Oil and Gas, Pharmaceutical, Energy and Power, Chemicals and Petrochemicals, among others. The Energy and Power sector is the leading segment within this market. This sector is crucial in propelling the demand for Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) systems, as it encounters increasingly rigorous environmental regulations regarding water and waste management. ZLD systems facilitate the treatment and reuse of wastewater, significantly reducing waste generation, and are becoming indispensable for power plants, refineries, and other energy-related operations. These systems provide a dependable solution for industries to recycle and reuse water while minimizing their environmental footprint.

Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Market- Geographical Insights

North America leads the market, attributed to rapid industrialization and increased government funding for wastewater management. The United States and Canada, in particular, possess a strong industrial foundation in sectors such as chemicals, power generation, pharmaceuticals, and oil and gas, all of which produce considerable amounts of wastewater. Michael Regan, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), is scheduled to visit Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, as part of the Administration's Investing in America Tour to announce a funding allocation of USD 5.8 billion for clean water infrastructure, stemming from President Biden's Investing in America initiative. Both federal and state governments in North America are making substantial investments in water treatment infrastructure. Europe ranks as the second-largest region for market growth, driven by stringent regulations and the adoption of advanced technologies. Additionally, the Asia Pacific region is recognized as the fastest-growing market, propelled by industrial growth and supportive government initiatives. The Middle East and Africa are concentrating on tackling water scarcity through innovative zero-liquid discharge (ZLD) solutions.

Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Market- Competitive Landscape:

The Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Market is characterized by the presence of several global and regional players competing on technology, pricing, and service quality. Companies compete by offering advanced, energy-efficient, and cost-effective ZLD solutions. Multinational companies with a global footprint compete by establishing regional service centers to address local market needs. Local companies in developing regions are entering the market with niche, low-cost solutions for industries such as textiles and food processing. Companies invest heavily in membrane technologies, evaporators, and crystallizers to enhance energy efficiency and reduce costs. Companies focus on developing hybrid ZLD systems that combine membrane and thermal technologies for better efficiency.

Recent Developments:

Alfa Laval Iberia (Alfa Laval) and INERCO Engineering, Technology, and Consulting SA (INERCO) have formed a partnership aimed at advancing zero-liquid discharge (ZLD) initiatives. Alfa Laval plays a significant role in enhancing sectors such as energy, marine, food, and water by leveraging its expertise in heat transfer, separation, and fluid management technologies.

Saltworks have provided a comprehensive zero liquid discharge (ZLD) industrial desalination solution to a mining facility in the United States. The plant, characterized by its modular design and digital capabilities, allowed the client to swiftly install and deploy the intelligently automated ZLD system while minimizing resource inputs.

SCOPE OF THE REPORT

The scope of this report covers the market by its major segments, which include as follows:

GLOBAL ZERO LIQUID DISCHARGE SYSTEMS MARKET KEY PLAYERS- DETAILED COMPETITIVE INSIGHTS

  • Alfa Laval
  • Aquarion
  • Aquatech International
  • Evoqua Water Technologies
  • GEA Group
  • H2O
  • IDE Water Technologies
  • Mitsubishi Power
  • Petro Sep Corporation
  • Praj Industries
  • SafBon Water Technology
  • Saltworks Technologies
  • Thermax
  • Toshiba
  • Veolia Water Technologies
  • Others

GLOBAL ZERO LIQUID DISCHARGE SYSTEMS MARKET, BY SYSTEM TYPE- MARKET ANALYSIS, 2019 - 2032

  • Conventional ZLD systems
  • Hybrid ZLD systems

GLOBAL ZERO LIQUID DISCHARGE SYSTEMS MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY- MARKET ANALYSIS, 2019 - 2032

  • Thermal based
  • Membrane-based

GLOBAL ZERO LIQUID DISCHARGE SYSTEMS MARKET, BY PROCESS- MARKET ANALYSIS, 2019 - 2032

  • Pre-treatment
  • Filtration
  • Evaporation/crystallization

GLOBAL ZERO LIQUID DISCHARGE SYSTEMS MARKET, BY END-USER- MARKET ANALYSIS, 2019 - 2032

  • Oil and gas
  • Pharmaceutical
  • Energy and Power
  • Chemicals and petrochemicals
  • Others

GLOBAL ZERO LIQUID DISCHARGE SYSTEMS MARKET, BY REGION- MARKET ANALYSIS, 2019 - 2032

  • North America
  • The U.S.
  • Canada
  • Europe
  • Germany
  • France
  • Italy
  • Spain
  • United Kingdom
  • Russia
  • Netherlands
  • Sweden
  • Poland
  • Rest of Europe
  • Asia Pacific
  • India
  • China
  • South Korea
  • Japan
  • Australia
  • Thailand
  • Indonesia
  • Philippines
  • Rest of APAC
  • Latin America
  • Brazil
  • Mexico
  • Argentina
  • Colombia
  • Rest of LATAM
  • The Middle East and Africa
  • Saudi Arabia
  • United Arab Emirates
  • Israel
  • Turkey
  • Algeria
  • Egypt
  • Rest of MEA

Table of Contents

1. Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Market Overview

  • 1.1. Study Scope
  • 1.2. Market Estimation Years

2. Executive Summary

  • 2.1. Market Snippet
    • 2.1.1. Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Market Snippet by System Type
    • 2.1.2. Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Market Snippet by Technology
    • 2.1.3. Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Market Snippet by Process
    • 2.1.4. Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Market Snippet by End-User
    • 2.1.5. Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Market Snippet by Country
    • 2.1.6. Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Market Snippet by Region
  • 2.2. Competitive Insights

3. Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Key Market Trends

  • 3.1. Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Market Drivers
    • 3.1.1. Impact Analysis of Market Drivers
  • 3.2. Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Market Restraints
    • 3.2.1. Impact Analysis of Market Restraints
  • 3.3. Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Market Opportunities
  • 3.4. Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Market Future Trends

4. Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Industry Study

  • 4.1. PEST Analysis
  • 4.2. Porter's Five Forces Analysis
  • 4.3. Growth Prospect Mapping
  • 4.4. Regulatory Framework Analysis

5. Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Market: Impact of Escalating Geopolitical Tensions

  • 5.1. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic
  • 5.2. Impact of Russia-Ukraine War
  • 5.3. Impact of Middle East Conflicts

6. Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Market Landscape

  • 6.1. Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Market Share Analysis, 2024
  • 6.2. Breakdown Data, by Key Manufacturer
    • 6.2.1. Established Players' Analysis
    • 6.2.2. Emerging Players' Analysis

7. Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Market - By System Type

  • 7.1. Overview
    • 7.1.1. Segment Share Analysis, By System Type, 2024 & 2032 (%)
    • 7.1.2. Conventional ZLD systems
    • 7.1.3. Hybrid ZLD systems

8. Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Market - By Technology

  • 8.1. Overview
    • 8.1.1. Segment Share Analysis, By Technology, 2024 & 2032 (%)
    • 8.1.2. Thermal based
    • 8.1.3. Membrane based

9. Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Market - By Process

  • 9.1. Overview
    • 9.1.1. Segment Share Analysis, By Process, 2024 & 2032 (%)
    • 9.1.2. Pre-treatment
    • 9.1.3. Filtration
    • 9.1.4. Evaporation/crystallization

10. Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Market - By End-User

  • 10.1. Overview
    • 10.1.1. Segment Share Analysis, By End-User, 2024 & 2032 (%)
    • 10.1.2. Oil and gas
    • 10.1.3. Pharmaceutical
    • 10.1.4. Energy and power
    • 10.1.5. Chemicals and petrochemicals
    • 10.1.6. Others

11. Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Market- By Geography

  • 11.1. Introduction
    • 11.1.1. Segment Share Analysis, By Geography, 2024 & 2032 (%)
  • 11.2. North America
    • 11.2.1. Overview
    • 11.2.2. Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Key Manufacturers in North America
    • 11.2.3. North America Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.2.4. North America Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.2.5. North America Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.2.6. North America Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.2.7. North America Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.2.8. U.S.
      • 11.2.8.1. Overview
      • 11.2.8.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.2.8.3. U.S. Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.2.8.4. U.S. Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.2.8.5. U.S. Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.2.8.6. U.S. Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.2.9. Canada
      • 11.2.9.1. Overview
      • 11.2.9.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.2.9.3. Canada Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.2.9.4. Canada Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.2.9.5. Canada Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.2.9.6. Canada Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
  • 11.3. Europe
    • 11.3.1. Overview
    • 11.3.2. Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Key Manufacturers in Europe
    • 11.3.3. Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.3.4. Europe Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.3.5. Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.3.6. Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.3.7. Europe Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.3.8. Germany
      • 11.3.8.1. Overview
      • 11.3.8.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.8.3. Germany Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.8.4. Germany Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.8.5. Germany Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.8.6. Germany Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.3.9. UK
      • 11.3.9.1. Overview
      • 11.3.9.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.9.3. UK Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.9.4. UK Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.9.5. UK Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.9.6. UK Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.3.10. France
      • 11.3.10.1. Overview
      • 11.3.10.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.10.3. France Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.10.4. France Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.10.5. France Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.10.6. France Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.3.11. Italy
      • 11.3.11.1. Overview
      • 11.3.11.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.11.3. Italy Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.11.4. Italy Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.11.5. Italy Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.11.6. Italy Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.3.12. Spain
      • 11.3.12.1. Overview
      • 11.3.12.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.12.3. Spain Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.12.4. Spain Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.12.5. Spain Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.12.6. Spain Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.3.13. The Netherlands
      • 11.3.13.1. Overview
      • 11.3.13.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.13.3. The Netherlands Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.13.4. The Netherlands Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.13.5. The Netherlands Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.13.6. The Netherlands Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.3.14. Sweden
      • 11.3.14.1. Overview
      • 11.3.14.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.14.3. Sweden Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.14.4. Sweden Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.14.5. Sweden Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.14.6. Sweden Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.3.15. Russia
      • 11.3.15.1. Overview
      • 11.3.15.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.15.3. Russia Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.15.4. Russia Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.15.5. Russia Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.15.6. Russia Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.3.16. Poland
      • 11.3.16.1. Overview
      • 11.3.16.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.16.3. Poland Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.16.4. Poland Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.16.5. Poland Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.16.6. Poland Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.3.17. Rest of Europe
      • 11.3.17.1. Overview
      • 11.3.17.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.17.3. Rest of the Europe Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.17.4. Rest of the Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.17.5. Rest of the Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.3.17.6. Rest of the Europe Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
  • 11.4. Asia Pacific (APAC)
    • 11.4.1. Overview
    • 11.4.2. Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Key Manufacturers in Asia Pacific
    • 11.4.3. APAC Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.4.4. APAC Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.4.5. APAC Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.4.6. APAC Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.4.7. APAC Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.4.8. China
      • 11.4.8.1. Overview
      • 11.4.8.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.8.3. China Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.8.4. China Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.8.5. China Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.8.6. China Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.4.9. India
      • 11.4.9.1. Overview
      • 11.4.9.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.9.3. India Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.9.4. India Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.9.5. India Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.9.6. India Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.4.10. Japan
      • 11.4.10.1. Overview
      • 11.4.10.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.10.3. Japan Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.10.4. Japan Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.10.5. Japan Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.10.6. Japan Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.4.11. South Korea
      • 11.4.11.1. Overview
      • 11.4.11.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.11.3. South Korea Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.11.4. South Korea Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.11.5. South Korea Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.11.6. South Korea Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.4.12. Australia
      • 11.4.12.1. Overview
      • 11.4.12.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.12.3. Australia Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.12.4. Australia Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.12.5. Australia Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.12.6. Australia Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.4.13. Indonesia
      • 11.4.13.1. Overview
      • 11.4.13.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.13.3. Indonesia Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.13.4. Indonesia Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.13.5. Indonesia Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.13.6. Indonesia Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.4.14. Thailand
      • 11.4.14.1. Overview
      • 11.4.14.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.14.3. Thailand Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.14.4. Thailand Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.14.5. Thailand Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.14.6. Thailand Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.4.15. Philippines
      • 11.4.15.1. Overview
      • 11.4.15.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.15.3. Philippines Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.15.4. Philippines Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.15.5. Philippines Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.15.6. Philippines Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.4.16. Rest of APAC
      • 11.4.16.1. Overview
      • 11.4.16.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.16.3. Rest of APAC Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.16.4. Rest of APAC Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.16.5. Rest of APAC Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.4.16.6. Rest of APAC Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
  • 11.5. Latin America (LATAM)
    • 11.5.1. Overview
    • 11.5.2. Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Key Manufacturers in Latin America
    • 11.5.3. LATAM Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.5.4. LATAM Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.5.5. LATAM Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.5.6. LATAM Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.5.7. LATAM Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.5.8. Brazil
      • 11.5.8.1. Overview
      • 11.5.8.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.5.8.3. Brazil Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.5.8.4. Brazil Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.5.8.5. Brazil Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.5.8.6. Brazil Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.5.9. Mexico
      • 11.5.9.1. Overview
      • 11.5.9.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.5.9.3. Mexico Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.5.9.4. Mexico Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.5.9.5. Mexico Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.5.9.6. Mexico Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.5.10. Argentina
      • 11.5.10.1. Overview
      • 11.5.10.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.5.10.3. Argentina Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.5.10.4. Argentina Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.5.10.5. Argentina Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.5.10.6. Argentina Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.5.11. Colombia
      • 11.5.11.1. Overview
      • 11.5.11.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.5.11.3. Colombia Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.5.11.4. Colombia Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.5.11.5. Colombia Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.5.11.6. Colombia Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.5.12. Rest of LATAM
      • 11.5.12.1. Overview
      • 11.5.12.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.5.12.3. Rest of LATAM Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.5.12.4. Rest of LATAM Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.5.12.5. Rest of LATAM Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.5.12.6. Rest of LATAM Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
  • 11.6. Middle East and Africa (MEA)
    • 11.6.1. Overview
    • 11.6.2. Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Key Manufacturers in Middle East and Africa
    • 11.6.3. MEA Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.6.4. MEA Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.6.5. MEA Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.6.6. MEA Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.6.7. MEA Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.6.8. Saudi Arabia
      • 11.6.8.1. Overview
      • 11.6.8.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.6.8.3. Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.6.8.4. Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.6.8.5. Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.6.8.6. Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.6.9. United Arab Emirates
      • 11.6.9.1. Overview
      • 11.6.9.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.6.9.3. United Arab Emirates Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.6.9.4. United Arab Emirates Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.6.9.5. United Arab Emirates Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.6.9.6. United Arab Emirates Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.6.10. Israel
      • 11.6.10.1. Overview
      • 11.6.10.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.6.10.3. Israel Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.6.10.4. Israel Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.6.10.5. Israel Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.6.10.6. Israel Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.6.11. Turkey
      • 11.6.11.1. Overview
      • 11.6.11.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.6.11.3. Turkey Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.6.11.4. Turkey Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.6.11.5. Turkey Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.6.11.6. Turkey Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.6.12. Algeria
      • 11.6.12.1. Overview
      • 11.6.12.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.6.12.3. Algeria Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.6.12.4. Algeria Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.6.12.5. Algeria Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.6.12.6. Algeria Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.6.13. Egypt
      • 11.6.13.1. Overview
      • 11.6.13.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.6.13.3. Egypt Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.6.13.4. Egypt Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.6.13.5. Egypt Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.6.13.6. Egypt Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 11.6.14. Rest of MEA
      • 11.6.14.1. Overview
      • 11.6.14.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 11.6.14.3. Rest of MEA Market Size and Forecast, By System Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.6.14.4. Rest of MEA Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.6.14.5. Rest of MEA Market Size and Forecast, By Process, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 11.6.14.6. Rest of MEA Market Size and Forecast, By End-User, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)

12. Key Vendor Analysis- Zero Liquid Discharge Systems Industry

  • 12.1. Competitive Dashboard
    • 12.1.1. Competitive Benchmarking
    • 12.1.2. Competitive Positioning
  • 12.2. Company Profiles
    • 12.2.1. Alfa Laval
    • 12.2.2. Aquarion
    • 12.2.3. Aquatech International
    • 12.2.4. Evoqua Water Technologies
    • 12.2.5. GEA Group
    • 12.2.6. H2O
    • 12.2.7. IDE Water Technologies
    • 12.2.8. Mitsubishi Power
    • 12.2.9. Petro Sep Corporation
    • 12.2.10. Praj Industries
    • 12.2.11. SafBon Water Technology
    • 12.2.12. Saltworks Technologies
    • 12.2.13. Thermax
    • 12.2.14. Toshiba
    • 12.2.15. Veolia Water Technologies
    • 12.2.16. Others

13. 360 Degree AnalystView

14. Appendix

  • 14.1. Research Methodology
  • 14.2. References
  • 14.3. Abbreviations
  • 14.4. Disclaimer
  • 14.5. Contact Us