小児けいれん治療薬市場- 世界の産業規模、シェア、動向、機会、予測、治療クラス別、薬剤タイプ別、用量別、地域別、競合別、2020～2030年

小児けいれん治療薬の世界市場規模は2024年に1億4,634万米ドルとなり、予測期間には1億8,194万米ドル、2030年までのCAGRは3.67%に達すると予測されています。

小児けいれん治療薬の世界市場は、主に1歳未満の乳幼児が罹患する、稀ではありますが重症のてんかんである小児けいれんの有病率の増加により、着実な成長を遂げています。ウエスト症候群としても知られるこの疾患は、発達の遅れや長期的な神経学的合併症を伴うため、早急な医療介入が必要です。同市場の特徴は、早期診断と早期介入への注目が高まっていることであり、ヘルスケア従事者は、突然反復するけいれんなどの症状を認識することの重要性を強調しています。脳波（EEG）や神経画像などの高度な診断ツールが利用可能になったことで、発見率が向上し、効果的な治療オプションへの需要がさらに高まっています。製薬会社や研究機関は、副作用を最小限に抑えながら治療効果を高める新規治療に積極的に投資しており、市場の拡大に寄与しています。

小児けいれんに対するヘルスケア専門家や保護者の意識の高まりが、市場の成長に重要な役割を果たしています。小児神経専門センターへのアクセスが向上し、ヘルスケアインフラが整備されたことで、患児がタイムリーな治療を受けやすくなりました。副腎皮質刺激ホルモン（ACTH）、ビガバトリン、コルチコステロイドなどの標的治療薬の開発により、患者の転帰は著しく改善されています。各社は、有効性を高め副作用を軽減するため、製剤の革新を続けています。精密医療や遺伝子に基づく治療法の採用は、長期的な疾患管理に希望を与えるものとして浸透しつつあります。遠隔医療や人工知能（AI）ベースの診断ツールを含むデジタルヘルス技術は、早期診断や遠隔患者モニタリングをサポートし、治療アクセスの改善につながります。しかし、高額な治療費と既存薬の潜在的な副作用は依然として重要な課題であり、経済性や患者のアドヒアランスに影響を及ぼしています。

小児神経学研究の進歩により、製薬会社が学術機関と協力して画期的な治療法を開発するなど、市場に新たな機会が生まれています。徐放性製剤や経鼻療法など、新しいドラッグデリバリーメカニズムの出現により、治療成績の向上が期待されます。希少疾患研究に対する政府の取り組みや資金提供の拡大は、医薬品開発の取り組みを加速させ、新しく効果的な治療選択肢の発売を促しています。患者支援団体や非営利組織は、認知度を高め、罹患家族への経済的支援を確保する上で重要な役割を果たしています。バイオマーカーに基づく診断技術と個別化医療アプローチの統合は、治療戦略を再定義し、精密ベースの治療への道を開くことになります。規制上のハードルや治療へのアクセス制限といった課題は依然として存在するものの、小児てんかん分野における継続的な研究とイノベーションが、世界の小児けいれん治療薬市場の持続的な成長を促進すると期待されます。

主な市場促進要因

診断技術の進歩

主な市場課題

限られた認知度と診断

主な市場動向

遺伝子治療

目次

第1章 概要

第2章 調査手法

第3章 エグゼクティブサマリー

第4章 顧客の声

第5章 世界の小児けいれん治療薬市場展望

• 市場規模・予測
  • 金額別
• 市場シェア・予測
  • 治療クラス別（抗てんかん薬、コルチコステロイド、その他）
  • 薬剤タイプ別（ビガバトリン、副腎皮質刺激ホルモン、その他）
  • 用量別（固形、液体）
  • 地域別
  • 企業別（2024年）
• 市場マップ

第6章 アジア太平洋地域の小児けいれん治療薬市場展望

• 市場規模・予測
• 市場シェア・予測
• アジア太平洋地域：国別分析
  • 中国
  • インド
  • オーストラリア
  • 日本
  • 韓国

第7章 欧州の小児けいれん治療薬市場展望

• 市場規模・予測
• 市場シェア・予測
• 欧州：国別分析
  • フランス
  • ドイツ
  • スペイン
  • イタリア
  • 英国

第8章 北米の小児けいれん治療薬市場展望

• 市場規模・予測
• 市場シェア・予測
• 北米：国別分析
  • 米国
  • メキシコ
  • カナダ

第9章 南米の小児けいれん治療薬市場展望

• 市場規模・予測
• 市場シェア・予測
• 南米：国別分析
  • ブラジル
  • アルゼンチン
  • コロンビア

第10章 中東・アフリカの小児けいれん治療薬市場展望

• 市場規模・予測
• 市場シェア・予測
• 中東・アフリカ：国別分析
  • 南アフリカ
  • サウジアラビア
  • アラブ首長国連邦

第11章 市場力学

• 促進要因
• 課題

第12章 市場動向と発展

• 最近の動向
• 製品上市
• 合併と買収

第13章 世界の小児けいれん治療薬市場：SWOT分析

第14章 ポーターのファイブフォース分析

• 業界内の競合
• 新規参入の可能性
• サプライヤーの力
• 顧客の力
• 代替品の脅威

第15章 PESTEL分析

第16章 競合情勢

• Merck KGaA
• Novartis AG
• Sanofi SA
• Pfizer Inc
• Johnson & Johnson
• Abbott Laboratories Inc
• Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd
• Bausch Health Companies Inc.
• AstraZeneca PLC
• GSK PLC

第17章 戦略的提言

第18章 調査会社について・免責事項

Global Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market was valued at USD 146.34 Million in 2024 and is expected to reach USD 181.94 Million in the forecast period with a CAGR of 3.67% through 2030. The Global Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market is witnessing steady growth, driven by the increasing prevalence of infantile spasms, a rare yet severe form of epilepsy that primarily affects infants under one year of age. The condition, also known as West syndrome, requires immediate medical intervention due to its association with developmental delays and long-term neurological complications. The market is characterized by a growing focus on early diagnosis and intervention, with healthcare providers emphasizing the importance of recognizing symptoms such as sudden, repetitive spasms. The availability of advanced diagnostic tools, including electroencephalograms (EEG) and neuroimaging, has improved detection rates, further fueling demand for effective treatment options. Pharmaceutical companies and research institutions are actively investing in novel therapies that enhance treatment efficacy while minimizing adverse effects, contributing to the market's expansion.

Rising awareness among healthcare professionals and parents about infantile spasms is playing a crucial role in the market's growth. Increased access to specialized pediatric neurology centers and improvements in healthcare infrastructure have made it easier for affected infants to receive timely treatment. The development of targeted therapeutics, including adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), vigabatrin, and corticosteroids, has significantly improved patient outcomes. Companies are continuously innovating drug formulations to enhance efficacy and reduce side effects. The adoption of precision medicine and gene-based therapies is gaining traction, providing hope for long-term disease management. Digital health technologies, including telemedicine and artificial intelligence (AI)-based diagnostic tools, are supporting early diagnosis and remote patient monitoring, leading to improved treatment access. However, the high cost of treatment and the potential side effects of existing medications remain key challenges, impacting affordability and patient adherence.

Advancements in pediatric neurology research are creating new opportunities in the market, with pharmaceutical companies collaborating with academic institutions to develop breakthrough treatments. The emergence of novel drug delivery mechanisms, including sustained-release formulations and intranasal therapies, is expected to enhance therapeutic outcomes. Expanding government initiatives and funding for rare disease research are accelerating drug development efforts, encouraging the launch of new and effective treatment options. Patient advocacy groups and non-profit organizations are playing a significant role in raising awareness and securing financial support for affected families. The integration of biomarker-based diagnostic techniques and personalized medicine approaches is set to redefine treatment strategies, paving the way for precision-based therapies. While challenges such as regulatory hurdles and limited treatment accessibility persist, continued research and innovation in the field of pediatric epilepsy are expected to drive sustained growth in the Global Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market.

Key Market Drivers

Advancements in Diagnostic Techniques

Infantile spasms, a rare and severe form of epilepsy predominantly affecting infants during their first year, can have devastating consequences if left untreated. Timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management, and advancements in diagnostic techniques are significantly enhancing the global infantile spasms therapeutics market.

The incidence of infantile spasms is approximately 1 in 2,920 live births. These seizures often manifest as brief, repetitive muscle contractions, which can be mistaken for normal infant movements, leading to potential delays in diagnosis. A critical diagnostic tool is the electroencephalogram (EEG), which measures brain electrical activity. Interpreting EEG findings requires expertise, as patterns associated with infantile spasms can be subtle and easily overlooked.

Innovations in neuroimaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have enabled healthcare providers to visualize the brain with greater clarity, identifying structural abnormalities associated with infantile spasms. Studies indicate that MRI can detect abnormalities in approximately 50% to 66% of affected children. Continuous video EEG monitoring has also revolutionized diagnosis by combining real-time video with EEG data, offering a comprehensive view of the infant's symptoms and brain activity, thus facilitating more accurate and timely diagnoses.

Key Market Challenges

Limited Awareness and Diagnosis

Limited awareness and diagnosis of infantile spasms present a significant challenge in the global infantile spasms therapeutics market. Infantile spasms are a rare but severe form of epilepsy that require immediate medical intervention to prevent long-term neurological complications. However, many parents, caregivers, and even healthcare professionals may not be fully aware of the early symptoms, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. The subtle nature of infantile spasms, often resembling normal baby movements or minor startles, makes it difficult for parents to recognize them as a serious neurological condition. This lack of awareness results in delayed medical consultations, which can significantly impact treatment outcomes and the long-term cognitive development of affected infants.

Healthcare professionals, particularly in regions with limited neurological expertise, may also struggle with early detection. Infantile spasms are often misdiagnosed as colic, reflux, or benign myoclonic movements, delaying the administration of appropriate therapies. Limited access to advanced diagnostic tools, such as video EEG monitoring, in rural and underdeveloped areas further exacerbates the problem. Early and accurate diagnosis is critical because timely intervention with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), vigabatrin, or corticosteroids has been shown to improve seizure control and neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Key Market Trends

Gene Therapies

Gene therapies are emerging as a transformative trend in the global infantile spasms therapeutics market, offering the potential for long-term disease modification rather than symptomatic relief. Infantile spasms, a rare and severe form of epilepsy, are often linked to genetic mutations, particularly in genes such as ARX, CDKL5, STXBP1, and TSC1/TSC2. Advances in gene-editing technologies, including CRISPR-Cas9 and adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene delivery systems, are enabling researchers to develop targeted therapies that address the underlying genetic causes of the condition. Unlike conventional treatments such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and vigabatrin, which primarily aim to control seizures, gene therapies hold promise in halting or reversing disease progression at a molecular level.

Ongoing research efforts are focused on developing precise gene-editing and replacement therapies to restore normal neuronal function in affected infants. Preclinical studies have shown promising results in modifying defective genes associated with infantile spasms, potentially leading to lasting therapeutic benefits. Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are investing in gene therapy programs, with several candidates progressing through early-stage clinical trials. Regulatory bodies, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA), are providing support for orphan drug designation and expedited approval pathways for gene therapies targeting rare pediatric neurological disorders.

Despite the high cost and complexity of gene therapy development, advancements in delivery mechanisms and manufacturing processes are expected to improve accessibility over time. The growing collaboration between academic research institutions and biotech firms is accelerating the translation of gene therapies from the laboratory to clinical applications. As the understanding of the genetic basis of infantile spasms continues to expand, gene therapies have the potential to redefine the standard of care, offering a durable and potentially curative treatment option for patients who do not respond to conventional therapies. The market is witnessing an increasing shift towards personalized medicine, reinforcing the role of gene therapies in the future of infantile spasms treatment.

Key Market Players

• Merck KGaA
• Novartis AG
• Sanofi SA
• Pfizer Inc
• Johnson & Johnson
• Abbott Laboratories Inc
• Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd
• Bausch Health Companies Inc.
• AstraZeneca PLC
• GSK PLC

Report Scope:

In this report, the Global Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market, By Therapeutic Class:

• Anticonvulsants
• Corticosteroids
• Others

Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market, By Drug Type:

• Vigabatrin
• Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
• Others

Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market, By Dosage:

• Solid
• Liquid

Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market, By Region:

• North America
  • United States
  • Canada
  • Mexico
• Europe
  • Germany
  • United Kingdom
  • France
  • Italy
  • Spain
• Asia-Pacific
  • China
  • Japan
  • India
  • Australia
  • South Korea
• South America
  • Brazil
  • Argentina
  • Colombia
• Middle East & Africa
  • South Africa
  • Saudi Arabia
  • UAE

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market.

Available Customizations:

Global Infantile Spasms Therapeutics market report with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

• Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

Table of Contents

1. Product Overview

• 1.1. Market Definition
• 1.2. Scope of the Market
  • 1.2.1. Markets Covered
  • 1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
  • 1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations

2. Research Methodology

• 2.1. Objective of the Study
• 2.2. Baseline Methodology
• 2.3. Key Industry Partners
• 2.4. Major Association and Secondary Applications
• 2.5. Forecasting Methodology
• 2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
• 2.7. Assumptions and Limitations

3. Executive Summary

• 3.1. Overview of the Market
• 3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
• 3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
• 3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
• 3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends

4. Voice of Customer

5. Global Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market Outlook

• 5.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 5.1.1. By Value
• 5.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 5.2.1. By Therapeutic Class (Anticonvulsants, Corticosteroids, Others)
  • 5.2.2. By Drug Type (Vigabatrin, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Others)
  • 5.2.3. By Dosage (Solid, Liquid)
  • 5.2.4. By Region
  • 5.2.5. By Company (2024)
• 5.3. Market Map

6. Asia Pacific Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market Outlook

• 6.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 6.1.1. By Value
• 6.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 6.2.1. By Therapeutic Class
  • 6.2.2. By Drug Type
  • 6.2.3. By Dosage
  • 6.2.4. By Country
• 6.3. Asia Pacific: Country Analysis
  • 6.3.1. China Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market Outlook
    • 6.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.1.2.1. By Therapeutic Class
      • 6.3.1.2.2. By Drug Type
      • 6.3.1.2.3. By Dosage
  • 6.3.2. India Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market Outlook
    • 6.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.2.2.1. By Therapeutic Class
      • 6.3.2.2.2. By Drug Type
      • 6.3.2.2.3. By Dosage
  • 6.3.3. Australia Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market Outlook
    • 6.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.3.2.1. By Therapeutic Class
      • 6.3.3.2.2. By Drug Type
      • 6.3.3.2.3. By Dosage
  • 6.3.4. Japan Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market Outlook
    • 6.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.4.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.4.2.1. By Therapeutic Class
      • 6.3.4.2.2. By Drug Type
      • 6.3.4.2.3. By Dosage
  • 6.3.5. South Korea Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market Outlook
    • 6.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.5.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.5.2.1. By Therapeutic Class
      • 6.3.5.2.2. By Drug Type
      • 6.3.5.2.3. By Dosage

7. Europe Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market Outlook

• 7.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 7.1.1. By Value
• 7.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 7.2.1. By Therapeutic Class
  • 7.2.2. By Drug Type
  • 7.2.3. By Dosage
  • 7.2.4. By Country
• 7.3. Europe: Country Analysis
  • 7.3.1. France Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market Outlook
    • 7.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.1.2.1. By Therapeutic Class
      • 7.3.1.2.2. By Drug Type
      • 7.3.1.2.3. By Dosage
  • 7.3.2. Germany Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market Outlook
    • 7.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.2.2.1. By Therapeutic Class
      • 7.3.2.2.2. By Drug Type
      • 7.3.2.2.3. By Dosage
  • 7.3.3. Spain Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market Outlook
    • 7.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.3.2.1. By Therapeutic Class
      • 7.3.3.2.2. By Drug Type
      • 7.3.3.2.3. By Dosage
  • 7.3.4. Italy Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market Outlook
    • 7.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.4.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.4.2.1. By Therapeutic Class
      • 7.3.4.2.2. By Drug Type
      • 7.3.4.2.3. By Dosage
  • 7.3.5. United Kingdom Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market Outlook
    • 7.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.5.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.5.2.1. By Therapeutic Class
      • 7.3.5.2.2. By Drug Type
      • 7.3.5.2.3. By Dosage

8. North America Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market Outlook

• 8.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 8.1.1. By Value
• 8.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 8.2.1. By Therapeutic Class
  • 8.2.2. By Drug Type
  • 8.2.3. By Dosage
  • 8.2.4. By Country
• 8.3. North America: Country Analysis
  • 8.3.1. United States Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market Outlook
    • 8.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.1.2.1. By Therapeutic Class
      • 8.3.1.2.2. By Drug Type
      • 8.3.1.2.3. By Dosage
  • 8.3.2. Mexico Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market Outlook
    • 8.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.2.2.1. By Therapeutic Class
      • 8.3.2.2.2. By Drug Type
      • 8.3.2.2.3. By Dosage
  • 8.3.3. Canada Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market Outlook
    • 8.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.3.2.1. By Therapeutic Class
      • 8.3.3.2.2. By Drug Type
      • 8.3.3.2.3. By Dosage

9. South America Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market Outlook

• 9.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 9.1.1. By Value
• 9.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 9.2.1. By Therapeutic Class
  • 9.2.2. By Drug Type
  • 9.2.3. By Dosage
  • 9.2.4. By Country
• 9.3. South America: Country Analysis
  • 9.3.1. Brazil Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market Outlook
    • 9.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 9.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 9.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 9.3.1.2.1. By Therapeutic Class
      • 9.3.1.2.2. By Drug Type
      • 9.3.1.2.3. By Dosage
  • 9.3.2. Argentina Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market Outlook
    • 9.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 9.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 9.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 9.3.2.2.1. By Therapeutic Class
      • 9.3.2.2.2. By Drug Type
      • 9.3.2.2.3. By Dosage
  • 9.3.3. Colombia Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market Outlook
    • 9.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 9.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 9.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 9.3.3.2.1. By Therapeutic Class
      • 9.3.3.2.2. By Drug Type
      • 9.3.3.2.3. By Dosage

10. Middle East and Africa Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market Outlook

• 10.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 10.1.1. By Value
• 10.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 10.2.1. By Therapeutic Class
  • 10.2.2. By Drug Type
  • 10.2.3. By Dosage
  • 10.2.4. By Country
• 10.3. MEA: Country Analysis
  • 10.3.1. South Africa Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market Outlook
    • 10.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.1.2.1. By Therapeutic Class
      • 10.3.1.2.2. By Drug Type
      • 10.3.1.2.3. By Dosage
  • 10.3.2. Saudi Arabia Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market Outlook
    • 10.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.2.2.1. By Therapeutic Class
      • 10.3.2.2.2. By Drug Type
      • 10.3.2.2.3. By Dosage
  • 10.3.3. UAE Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market Outlook
    • 10.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.3.2.1. By Therapeutic Class
      • 10.3.3.2.2. By Drug Type
      • 10.3.3.2.3. By Dosage

11. Market Dynamics

• 11.1. Drivers
• 11.2. Challenges

12. Market Trends & Developments

• 12.1. Recent Developments
• 12.2. Product Launches
• 12.3. Mergers & Acquisitions

13. Global Infantile Spasms Therapeutics Market: SWOT Analysis

14. Porter's Five Forces Analysis

• 14.1. Competition in the Industry
• 14.2. Potential of New Entrants
• 14.3. Power of Suppliers
• 14.4. Power of Customers
• 14.5. Threat of Substitute Product

15. PESTLE Analysis

16. Competitive Landscape

• 16.1. Merck KGaA
  • 16.1.1. Business Overview
  • 16.1.2. Company Snapshot
  • 16.1.3. Products & Services
  • 16.1.4. Financials (As Reported)
  • 16.1.5. Recent Developments
• 16.2. Novartis AG
• 16.3. Sanofi SA
• 16.4. Pfizer Inc
• 16.5. Johnson & Johnson
• 16.6. Abbott Laboratories Inc
• 16.7. Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd
• 16.8. Bausch Health Companies Inc.
• 16.9. AstraZeneca PLC
• 16.10. GSK PLC

17. Strategic Recommendations

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