燃料電池水素エジェクターの世界市場に関する洞察、2031年までの予測

当レポートは、燃料電池水素エジェクター (Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector) 市場について調査しており、市場規模や動向・需要の予測、成長要因および課題の分析、タイプ・用途・企業・地域別の内訳、競合情勢、主要企業のプロファイルなどの情報を提供しています。

目次

第1章 調査対象

• 燃料電池水素エジェクターの製品概要
• 市場：タイプ別
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクター 市場規模：タイプ別, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
  • Monopolar Ejector
  • Multi-stage Ejector
• 市場：用途別
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクター 市場規模：用途別, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
  • Fuel Cell Vehicles
  • Fixed Power Sources
  • Others
• 前提条件と制限
• 調査目的
• 対象期間

第2章 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクター 製品

• 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクター 生産能力 (2020-2031)
• 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクター 地域別生産: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031, 生産拠点別
• 世界の地域別生産
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクター 地域別生産 (2020-2031)
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクター 地域別生産市場シェア (2020-2031)
• 北米
• 欧州
• 中国
• 日本

第3章 レポート概要

• 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクターの収益 推定および予測 2020-2031
• 世界の収益：地域別
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクター 収益：地域別: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクター 収益：地域別 (2020-2031)
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクターの収益市場シェア 地域別 (2020-2031)
• 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクター 売上予測・予想 2020-2031
• 世界の販売：地域別
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクター 販売：地域別: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクター 販売：地域別 (2020-2031)
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクターの販売市場シェア 地域別 (2020-2031)
• 米国・カナダ
• 欧州
• 中国
• アジア（中国を除く）
• 中東, アフリカ ・ラテンアメリカ

第4章 競合：企業別

• 世界の販売：企業別
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクター 販売：企業別 (2020-2025)
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクターの販売市場シェア：企業別 (2020-2025)
  • 世界の上位10・上位5企業： 燃料電池水素エジェクター 2024年
• 世界の収益：企業別
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクター 収益：企業別 (2020-2025)
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクターの収益市場シェア：企業別 (2020-2025)
  • 世界の上位10・上位5企業： 燃料電池水素エジェクター 収益 2024年
• 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクターの販売価格：企業別 (2020-2025)
• 世界の主要企業 燃料電池水素エジェクター, 業界ランキング, 2023 VS 2024
• 競合情勢の分析
  • 企業の市場集中度 (CR5 and HHI)
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクターの市場シェア：企業タイプ別 (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
• 世界の主要メーカー 燃料電池水素エジェクター, 製造拠点分布と本社
• 世界の主要メーカー 燃料電池水素エジェクター, 提供製品と用途
• 世界の主要メーカー 燃料電池水素エジェクター, 業界参入時期
• M&A, 拡張計画

第5章 市場規模：タイプ別

• 世界の販売：タイプ別
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクターの販売実績：タイプ別 (2020-2025)
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクターの販売予測：タイプ別 (2026-2031)
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクターの販売市場シェア：タイプ別 (2020-2031)
• 世界の収益：タイプ別
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクターの収益実績：タイプ別 (2020-2025)
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクターの収益予測：タイプ別 (2026-2031)
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクターの収益市場シェア：タイプ別 (2020-2031)
• 世界の価格：タイプ別
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクター 価格：タイプ別 (2020-2025)
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクターの価格予測：タイプ別 (2026-2031)

第6章 市場規模：用途別

• 世界の販売：用途別
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクターの販売実績：用途別 (2020-2025)
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクターの販売予測：用途別 (2026-2031)
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクターの販売市場シェア：用途別 (2020-2031)
• 世界の収益：用途別
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクターの収益実績：用途別 (2020-2025)
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクターの収益予測：用途別 (2026-2031)
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクターの収益市場シェア：用途別 (2020-2031)
• 世界の価格：用途別
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクター 価格：用途別 (2020-2025)
  • 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクターの価格予測：用途別 (2026-2031)

第7章 米国・カナダ

• 米国・カナダ 市場規模：タイプ別
  • 米国・カナダ 燃料電池水素エジェクター 販売：タイプ別 (2020-2031)
  • 米国・カナダ 燃料電池水素エジェクター 収益：タイプ別 (2020-2031)
• 米国・カナダ 市場規模：用途別
  • 米国・カナダ 燃料電池水素エジェクター 販売：用途別 (2020-2031)
  • 米国・カナダ 燃料電池水素エジェクター 収益：用途別 (2020-2031)
• 米国・カナダ 市場規模：国別
  • 米国・カナダ 燃料電池水素エジェクターの収益：国別: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
  • 米国・カナダ 燃料電池水素エジェクターの収益：国別 (2020-2031)
  • 米国・カナダ 燃料電池水素エジェクターの販売：国別 (2020-2031)
  • US
  • カナダ

第8章 欧州

• 欧州の市場規模：タイプ別
  • 欧州の燃料電池水素エジェクター 販売：タイプ別 (2020-2031)
  • 欧州の燃料電池水素エジェクター 収益：タイプ別 (2020-2031)
• 欧州の市場規模：用途別
  • 欧州の燃料電池水素エジェクター 販売：用途別 (2020-2031)
  • 欧州の燃料電池水素エジェクター 収益：用途別 (2020-2031)
• 欧州の市場規模：国別
  • 欧州の燃料電池水素エジェクターの収益：国別: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
  • 欧州の燃料電池水素エジェクターの販売：国別 (2020-2031)
  • 欧州の燃料電池水素エジェクターの収益：国別 (2020-2031)
  • ドイツ
  • フランス
  • 英国
  • イタリア
  • ロシア

第9章 中国

• 中国の市場規模：タイプ別
  • 中国の燃料電池水素エジェクター 販売：タイプ別 (2020-2031)
  • 中国の燃料電池水素エジェクター 収益：タイプ別 (2020-2031)
• 中国の市場規模：用途別
  • 中国の燃料電池水素エジェクター 販売：用途別 (2020-2031)
  • 中国の燃料電池水素エジェクター 収益：用途別 (2020-2031)

第10章 アジア（中国を除く）

• アジア地域 市場規模：タイプ別
  • アジア地域 燃料電池水素エジェクター 販売：タイプ別 (2020-2031)
  • アジア地域 燃料電池水素エジェクター 収益：タイプ別 (2020-2031)
• アジア地域 市場規模：用途別
  • アジア地域 燃料電池水素エジェクター 販売：用途別 (2020-2031)
  • アジア地域 燃料電池水素エジェクター 収益：用途別 (2020-2031)
• アジア地域 市場規模：地域別
  • アジア地域 燃料電池水素エジェクター 収益：地域別: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
  • アジア地域 燃料電池水素エジェクター 収益：地域別 (2020-2031)
  • アジア地域 燃料電池水素エジェクター 販売：地域別 (2020-2031)
  • 日本
  • 韓国
  • 台湾
  • 東南アジア
  • インド

第11章 中東, アフリカ ・ラテンアメリカ

• 中東, アフリカ ・ラテンアメリカの市場規模：タイプ別
  • 中東, アフリカ ・ラテンアメリカの燃料電池水素エジェクター 販売：タイプ別 (2020-2031)
  • 中東, アフリカ ・ラテンアメリカの燃料電池水素エジェクター 収益：タイプ別 (2020-2031)
• 中東, アフリカ ・ラテンアメリカの市場規模：用途別
  • 中東, アフリカ ・ラテンアメリカの燃料電池水素エジェクター 販売：用途別 (2020-2031)
  • 中東, アフリカ ・ラテンアメリカの燃料電池水素エジェクター 収益：用途別 (2020-2031)
• 中東, アフリカ ・ラテンアメリカの市場規模：国別
  • 中東, アフリカ ・ラテンアメリカの燃料電池水素エジェクターの収益：国別: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
  • 中東, アフリカ ・ラテンアメリカの燃料電池水素エジェクターの収益：国別 (2020-2031)
  • 中東, アフリカ ・ラテンアメリカの燃料電池水素エジェクターの販売：国別 (2020-2031)
  • ブラジル
  • メキシコ
  • トルコ
  • イスラエル
  • 湾岸協力理事会諸国

第12章 企業プロファイル

• Fox Venturi
• Ftxt Energy Technology
• Luan Niao Electric
• Yingjia Power Technology
• Jiangsu Shenhechen Technology
• Zhejiang Hongsheng Automotive Parts
• Shandong Kaigreisen Energy Technology
• Sonijector

第13章 業界チェーンと販売チャネルの分析

• 燃料電池水素エジェクター 業界チェーン分析
• 燃料電池水素エジェクター 主要原材料
  • 主要原材料
  • 原材料の主要サプライヤー
• 燃料電池水素エジェクター 生産形態とプロセス
• 燃料電池水素エジェクター 販売およびマーケティング
  • 燃料電池水素エジェクター 販売チャネルs
  • 燃料電池水素エジェクター 卸業者
• 燃料電池水素エジェクター 顧客

第14章 燃料電池水素エジェクター 市場動向

• 燃料電池水素エジェクター 業界動向
• 燃料電池水素エジェクター 市場の促進要因
• 燃料電池水素エジェクター 市場の課題
• 燃料電池水素エジェクター 市場の抑制要因

第15章 主な調査結果 世界の燃料電池水素エジェクターの主な市場調査結果

第16章 付録

List of Tables

Table 1. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)

Table 2. Key Manufacturers of Monopolar Ejector

Table 3. Key Manufacturers of Multi-stage Ejector

Table 4. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)

Table 5. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Production Growth Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Units)

Table 6. Global Production by Region (2020-2031) & (Units)

Table 7. Global Production Market Share by Region (2020-2031)

Table 8. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)

Table 9. Global Revenue by Region (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)

Table 10. Global Revenue Market Share by Region (2020-2031)

Table 11. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Units)

Table 12. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales by Region (2020-2031) & (Units)

Table 13. Global Sales Market Share by Region (2020-2031)

Table 14. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (Units)

Table 15. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)

Table 16. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)

Table 17. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)

Table 18. Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Price by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$/Unit)

Table 19. Global Key Players of Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector, Industry Ranking, 2023 VS 2024

Table 20. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)

Table 21. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector as of 2024)

Table 22. Global Key Manufacturers of Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters

Table 23. Global Key Manufacturers of Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector, Product Offered and Application

Table 24. Global Key Manufacturers of Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector, Date of Enter into This Industry

Table 25. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans

Table 26. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales by Type (2020-2025) & (Units)

Table 27. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales by Type (2026-2031) & (Units)

Table 28. Global Sales Share by Type (2020-2031)

Table 29. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue by Type (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)

Table 30. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue by Type (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)

Table 31. Global Revenue Share by Type (2020-2031)

Table 32. Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Price by Type (2020-2025) & (US$/Unit)

Table 33. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Price Forecast by Type (2026-2031) & (US$/Unit)

Table 34. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales by Application (2020-2025) & (Units)

Table 35. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales by Application (2026-2031) & (Units)

Table 36. Global Sales Share by Application (2020-2031)

Table 37. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue by Application (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)

Table 38. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue by Application (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)

Table 39. Global Revenue Share by Application (2020-2031)

Table 40. Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Price by Application (2020-2025) & (US$/Unit)

Table 41. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Price Forecast by Application (2026-2031) & (US$/Unit)

Table 42. US & Canada Sales by Type (2020-2031) & (Units)

Table 43. US & Canada Revenue by Type (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Table 44. US & Canada Sales by Application (2020-2031) & (Units)

Table 45. US & Canada Revenue by Application (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Table 46. US & Canada Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)

Table 47. US & Canada Revenue by Country (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Table 48. US & Canada Sales by Country (2020-2031) & (Units)

Table 49. Europe Sales by Type (2020-2031) & (Units)

Table 50. Europe Revenue by Type (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Table 51. Europe Sales by Application (2020-2031) & (Units)

Table 52. Europe Revenue by Application (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Table 53. Europe Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)

Table 54. Europe Sales by Country (2020-2031) & (Units)

Table 55. Europe Revenue by Country (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Table 56. China Sales by Type (2020-2031) & (Units)

Table 57. China Revenue by Type (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Table 58. China Sales by Application (2020-2031) & (Units)

Table 59. China Revenue by Application (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Table 60. Asia Sales by Type (2020-2031) & (Units)

Table 61. Asia Revenue by Type (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Table 62. Asia Sales by Application (2020-2031) & (Units)

Table 63. Asia Revenue by Application (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Table 64. Asia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)

Table 65. Asia Revenue by Region (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Table 66. Asia Sales by Region (2020-2031) & (Units)

Table 67. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Sales by Type (2020-2031) & (Units)

Table 68. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Revenue by Type (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Table 69. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Sales by Application (2020-2031) & (Units)

Table 70. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Revenue by Application (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Table 71. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)

Table 72. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Revenue by Country (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Table 73. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Sales by Country (2020-2031) & (Units)

Table 74. Fox Venturi Corporation Information

Table 75. Fox Venturi Description and Major Businesses

Table 76. Fox Venturi Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 77. Fox Venturi Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 78. Fox Venturi Recent Developments

Table 79. Ftxt Energy Technology Corporation Information

Table 80. Ftxt Energy Technology Description and Major Businesses

Table 81. Ftxt Energy Technology Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 82. Ftxt Energy Technology Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 83. Ftxt Energy Technology Recent Developments

Table 84. Luan Niao Electric Corporation Information

Table 85. Luan Niao Electric Description and Major Businesses

Table 86. Luan Niao Electric Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 87. Luan Niao Electric Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 88. Luan Niao Electric Recent Developments

Table 89. Yingjia Power Technology Corporation Information

Table 90. Yingjia Power Technology Description and Major Businesses

Table 91. Yingjia Power Technology Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 92. Yingjia Power Technology Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 93. Yingjia Power Technology Recent Developments

Table 94. Jiangsu Shenhechen Technology Corporation Information

Table 95. Jiangsu Shenhechen Technology Description and Major Businesses

Table 96. Jiangsu Shenhechen Technology Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 97. Jiangsu Shenhechen Technology Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 98. Jiangsu Shenhechen Technology Recent Developments

Table 99. Zhejiang Hongsheng Automotive Parts Corporation Information

Table 100. Zhejiang Hongsheng Automotive Parts Description and Major Businesses

Table 101. Zhejiang Hongsheng Automotive Parts Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 102. Zhejiang Hongsheng Automotive Parts Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 103. Zhejiang Hongsheng Automotive Parts Recent Developments

Table 104. Shandong Kaigreisen Energy Technology Corporation Information

Table 105. Shandong Kaigreisen Energy Technology Description and Major Businesses

Table 106. Shandong Kaigreisen Energy Technology Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 107. Shandong Kaigreisen Energy Technology Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 108. Shandong Kaigreisen Energy Technology Recent Developments

Table 109. Sonijector Corporation Information

Table 110. Sonijector Description and Major Businesses

Table 111. Sonijector Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 112. Sonijector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 113. Sonijector Recent Developments

Table 114. Key Raw Materials Lists

Table 115. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists

Table 116. Distributors List

Table 117. Customers List

Table 118. Market Trends

Table 119. Market Drivers

Table 120. Market Challenges

Table 121. Market Restraints

Table 122. Research Programs/Design for This Report

Table 123. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources

Table 124. Key Data Information from Primary Sources

List of Figures

Figure 1. Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Product Picture

Figure 2. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)

Figure 3. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Market Share by Type: 2024 & 2031

Figure 4. Monopolar Ejector Product Picture

Figure 5. Multi-stage Ejector Product Picture

Figure 6. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)

Figure 7. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Market Share by Application in 2024 & 2031

Figure 8. Fuel Cell Vehicles

Figure 9. Fixed Power Sources

Figure 10. Others

Figure 11. Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Report Years Considered

Figure 12. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Capacity, Production and Utilization (2020-2031) & (Units)

Figure 13. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Production by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Units)

Figure 14. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Production Market Share by Region in Percentage: 2024 Versus 2031

Figure 15. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Production Market Share by Region (2020-2031)

Figure 16. Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Production Growth Rate in North America (2020-2031) & (Units)

Figure 17. Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Production Growth Rate in Europe (2020-2031) & (Units)

Figure 18. Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Production Growth Rate in China (2020-2031) & (Units)

Figure 19. Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Production Growth Rate in Japan (2020-2031) & (Units)

Figure 20. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue, (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031

Figure 21. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue 2020-2031 (US$ Million)

Figure 22. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)

Figure 23. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue Market Share by Region in Percentage: 2024 Versus 2031

Figure 24. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue Market Share by Region (2020-2031)

Figure 25. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales (2020-2031) & (Units)

Figure 26. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Units)

Figure 27. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales Market Share by Region (2020-2031)

Figure 28. US & Canada Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Units)

Figure 29. US & Canada Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 30. Europe Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Units)

Figure 31. Europe Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 32. China Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Units)

Figure 33. China Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 34. Asia (excluding China) Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Units)

Figure 35. Asia (excluding China) Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 36. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Units)

Figure 37. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 38. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales Share by Manufacturers (2024)

Figure 39. The Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Market Share of Top 10 and Top 5 Largest Manufacturers Around the World in 2024

Figure 40. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2024)

Figure 41. The Top 5 and 10 Largest Manufacturers of Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector in the World: Market Share by Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue in 2024

Figure 42. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2020 VS 2024

Figure 43. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2031)

Figure 44. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2031)

Figure 45. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2031)

Figure 46. Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2031)

Figure 47. US & Canada Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2031)

Figure 48. US & Canada Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2031)

Figure 49. US & Canada Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2031)

Figure 50. US & Canada Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2031)

Figure 51. US & Canada Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue Share by Country (2020-2031)

Figure 52. US & Canada Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales Share by Country (2020-2031)

Figure 53. US Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 54. Canada Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 55. Europe Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2031)

Figure 56. Europe Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2031)

Figure 57. Europe Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2031)

Figure 58. Europe Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2031)

Figure 59. Europe Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales Share by Country (2020-2031)

Figure 60. Europe Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue Share by Country (2020-2031)

Figure 61. Germany Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 62. France Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 63. U.K. Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 64. Italy Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 65. Russia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 66. China Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2031)

Figure 67. China Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2031)

Figure 68. China Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2031)

Figure 69. China Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2031)

Figure 70. Asia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2031)

Figure 71. Asia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2031)

Figure 72. Asia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2031)

Figure 73. Asia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2031)

Figure 74. Asia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue Share by Region (2020-2031)

Figure 75. Asia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales Share by Region (2020-2031)

Figure 76. Japan Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 77. South Korea Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 78. China Taiwan Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 79. Southeast Asia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 80. India Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 81. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2031)

Figure 82. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2031)

Figure 83. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2031)

Figure 84. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2031)

Figure 85. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue Share by Country (2020-2031)

Figure 86. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales Share by Country (2020-2031)

Figure 87. Brazil Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 88. Mexico Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 89. Turkey Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 90. Israel Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 91. GCC Countries Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 92. Value Chain

Figure 93. Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Production Process

Figure 94. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)

Figure 95. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report

Figure 96. Data Triangulation

Figure 97. Key Executives Interviewed

This research report focuses on the Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Market. It analyzes market size, trends and demand forecasts, as well as growth factors and challenges. The report provides market data breakdowns by type, application, company, and region, in addition to competitive landscape and key company profiles.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Study Coverage

• 1.1 Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Product Introduction
• 1.2 Market by Type
  • 1.2.1 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Market Size by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
  • 1.2.2 Monopolar Ejector
  • 1.2.3 Multi-stage Ejector
• 1.3 Market by Application
  • 1.3.1 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Market Size by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
  • 1.3.2 Fuel Cell Vehicles
  • 1.3.3 Fixed Power Sources
  • 1.3.4 Others
• 1.4 Assumptions and Limitations
• 1.5 Study Objectives
• 1.6 Years Considered

2 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Production

• 2.1 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Production Capacity (2020-2031)
• 2.2 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Production by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031, Based on Production Site
• 2.3 Global Production by Region
  • 2.3.1 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Production by Region (2020-2031)
  • 2.3.2 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Production Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
• 2.4 North America
• 2.5 Europe
• 2.6 China
• 2.7 Japan

3 Executive Summary

• 3.1 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue Estimates and Forecasts 2020-2031
• 3.2 Global Revenue by Region
  • 3.2.1 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
  • 3.2.2 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue by Region (2020-2031)
  • 3.2.3 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
• 3.3 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales Estimates and Forecasts 2020-2031
• 3.4 Global Sales by Region
  • 3.4.1 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
  • 3.4.2 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales by Region (2020-2031)
  • 3.4.3 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
• 3.5 US & Canada
• 3.6 Europe
• 3.7 China
• 3.8 Asia (excluding China)
• 3.9 Middle East, Africa and Latin America

4 Competition by Manufacturers

• 4.1 Global Sales by Manufacturers
  • 4.1.1 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
  • 4.1.2 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
  • 4.1.3 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Largest Manufacturers of Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector in 2024
• 4.2 Global Revenue by Manufacturers
  • 4.2.1 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
  • 4.2.2 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
  • 4.2.3 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue in 2024
• 4.3 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales Price by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
• 4.4 Global Key Players of Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector, Industry Ranking, 2023 VS 2024
• 4.5 Analysis of Competitive Landscape
  • 4.5.1 Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
  • 4.5.2 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
• 4.6 Global Key Manufacturers of Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
• 4.7 Global Key Manufacturers of Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector, Product Offered and Application
• 4.8 Global Key Manufacturers of Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector, Date of Enter into This Industry
• 4.9 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans

5 Market Size by Type

• 5.1 Global Sales by Type
  • 5.1.1 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Historical Sales by Type (2020-2025)
  • 5.1.2 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Forecasted Sales by Type (2026-2031)
  • 5.1.3 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
• 5.2 Global Revenue by Type
  • 5.2.1 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Historical Revenue by Type (2020-2025)
  • 5.2.2 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Forecasted Revenue by Type (2026-2031)
  • 5.2.3 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
• 5.3 Global Price by Type
  • 5.3.1 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Price by Type (2020-2025)
  • 5.3.2 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Price Forecast by Type (2026-2031)

6 Market Size by Application

• 6.1 Global Sales by Application
  • 6.1.1 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Historical Sales by Application (2020-2025)
  • 6.1.2 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Forecasted Sales by Application (2026-2031)
  • 6.1.3 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
• 6.2 Global Revenue by Application
  • 6.2.1 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Historical Revenue by Application (2020-2025)
  • 6.2.2 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Forecasted Revenue by Application (2026-2031)
  • 6.2.3 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
• 6.3 Global Price by Application
  • 6.3.1 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Price by Application (2020-2025)
  • 6.3.2 Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Price Forecast by Application (2026-2031)

7 US & Canada

• 7.1 US & Canada Market Size by Type
  • 7.1.1 US & Canada Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales by Type (2020-2031)
  • 7.1.2 US & Canada Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue by Type (2020-2031)
• 7.2 US & Canada Market Size by Application
  • 7.2.1 US & Canada Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales by Application (2020-2031)
  • 7.2.2 US & Canada Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue by Application (2020-2031)
• 7.3 US & Canada Market Size by Country
  • 7.3.1 US & Canada Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
  • 7.3.2 US & Canada Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue by Country (2020-2031)
  • 7.3.3 US & Canada Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales by Country (2020-2031)
  • 7.3.4 US
  • 7.3.5 Canada

8 Europe

• 8.1 Europe Market Size by Type
  • 8.1.1 Europe Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales by Type (2020-2031)
  • 8.1.2 Europe Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue by Type (2020-2031)
• 8.2 Europe Market Size by Application
  • 8.2.1 Europe Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales by Application (2020-2031)
  • 8.2.2 Europe Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue by Application (2020-2031)
• 8.3 Europe Market Size by Country
  • 8.3.1 Europe Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
  • 8.3.2 Europe Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales by Country (2020-2031)
  • 8.3.3 Europe Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue by Country (2020-2031)
  • 8.3.4 Germany
  • 8.3.5 France
  • 8.3.6 U.K.
  • 8.3.7 Italy
  • 8.3.8 Russia

9 China

• 9.1 China Market Size by Type
  • 9.1.1 China Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales by Type (2020-2031)
  • 9.1.2 China Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue by Type (2020-2031)
• 9.2 China Market Size by Application
  • 9.2.1 China Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales by Application (2020-2031)
  • 9.2.2 China Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue by Application (2020-2031)

10 Asia (excluding China)

• 10.1 Asia Market Size by Type
  • 10.1.1 Asia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales by Type (2020-2031)
  • 10.1.2 Asia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue by Type (2020-2031)
• 10.2 Asia Market Size by Application
  • 10.2.1 Asia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales by Application (2020-2031)
  • 10.2.2 Asia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue by Application (2020-2031)
• 10.3 Asia Market Size by Region
  • 10.3.1 Asia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
  • 10.3.2 Asia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue by Region (2020-2031)
  • 10.3.3 Asia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales by Region (2020-2031)
  • 10.3.4 Japan
  • 10.3.5 South Korea
  • 10.3.6 China Taiwan
  • 10.3.7 Southeast Asia
  • 10.3.8 India

11 Middle East, Africa and Latin America

• 11.1 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Market Size by Type
  • 11.1.1 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales by Type (2020-2031)
  • 11.1.2 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue by Type (2020-2031)
• 11.2 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Market Size by Application
  • 11.2.1 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales by Application (2020-2031)
  • 11.2.2 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue by Application (2020-2031)
• 11.3 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Market Size by Country
  • 11.3.1 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
  • 11.3.2 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Revenue by Country (2020-2031)
  • 11.3.3 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales by Country (2020-2031)
  • 11.3.4 Brazil
  • 11.3.5 Mexico
  • 11.3.6 Turkey
  • 11.3.7 Israel
  • 11.3.8 GCC Countries

12 Corporate Profile

• 12.1 Fox Venturi
  • 12.1.1 Fox Venturi Corporation Information
  • 12.1.2 Fox Venturi Overview
  • 12.1.3 Fox Venturi Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 12.1.4 Fox Venturi Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
  • 12.1.5 Fox Venturi Recent Developments
• 12.2 Ftxt Energy Technology
  • 12.2.1 Ftxt Energy Technology Corporation Information
  • 12.2.2 Ftxt Energy Technology Overview
  • 12.2.3 Ftxt Energy Technology Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 12.2.4 Ftxt Energy Technology Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
  • 12.2.5 Ftxt Energy Technology Recent Developments
• 12.3 Luan Niao Electric
  • 12.3.1 Luan Niao Electric Corporation Information
  • 12.3.2 Luan Niao Electric Overview
  • 12.3.3 Luan Niao Electric Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 12.3.4 Luan Niao Electric Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
  • 12.3.5 Luan Niao Electric Recent Developments
• 12.4 Yingjia Power Technology
  • 12.4.1 Yingjia Power Technology Corporation Information
  • 12.4.2 Yingjia Power Technology Overview
  • 12.4.3 Yingjia Power Technology Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 12.4.4 Yingjia Power Technology Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
  • 12.4.5 Yingjia Power Technology Recent Developments
• 12.5 Jiangsu Shenhechen Technology
  • 12.5.1 Jiangsu Shenhechen Technology Corporation Information
  • 12.5.2 Jiangsu Shenhechen Technology Overview
  • 12.5.3 Jiangsu Shenhechen Technology Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 12.5.4 Jiangsu Shenhechen Technology Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
  • 12.5.5 Jiangsu Shenhechen Technology Recent Developments
• 12.6 Zhejiang Hongsheng Automotive Parts
  • 12.6.1 Zhejiang Hongsheng Automotive Parts Corporation Information
  • 12.6.2 Zhejiang Hongsheng Automotive Parts Overview
  • 12.6.3 Zhejiang Hongsheng Automotive Parts Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 12.6.4 Zhejiang Hongsheng Automotive Parts Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
  • 12.6.5 Zhejiang Hongsheng Automotive Parts Recent Developments
• 12.7 Shandong Kaigreisen Energy Technology
  • 12.7.1 Shandong Kaigreisen Energy Technology Corporation Information
  • 12.7.2 Shandong Kaigreisen Energy Technology Overview
  • 12.7.3 Shandong Kaigreisen Energy Technology Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 12.7.4 Shandong Kaigreisen Energy Technology Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
  • 12.7.5 Shandong Kaigreisen Energy Technology Recent Developments
• 12.8 Sonijector
  • 12.8.1 Sonijector Corporation Information
  • 12.8.2 Sonijector Overview
  • 12.8.3 Sonijector Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 12.8.4 Sonijector Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
  • 12.8.5 Sonijector Recent Developments

13 Industry Chain and Sales Channels Analysis

• 13.1 Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Industry Chain Analysis
• 13.2 Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Key Raw Materials
  • 13.2.1 Key Raw Materials
  • 13.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
• 13.3 Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Production Mode & Process
• 13.4 Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales and Marketing
  • 13.4.1 Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Sales Channels
  • 13.4.2 Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Distributors
• 13.5 Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Customers

14 Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Market Dynamics

• 14.1 Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Industry Trends
• 14.2 Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Market Drivers
• 14.3 Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Market Challenges
• 14.4 Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Market Restraints

15 Key Findings in the Global Fuel Cell Hydrogen Ejector Study

16 Appendix

• 16.1 Research Methodology
  • 16.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
    • 16.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design
    • 16.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation
    • 16.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
  • 16.1.2 Data Source
    • 16.1.2.1 Secondary Sources
    • 16.1.2.2 Primary Sources
• 16.2 Author Details
• 16.3 Disclaimer