HDDサスペンションの世界市場：市場レポート、競合分析、地域別機会 (2025年～2031年)

当レポートは、HDDサスペンション (HDD Suspension) 市場について調査しており、市場規模や動向・需要の予測、成長要因および課題の分析、タイプ・用途・企業・地域別の内訳、競合情勢、主要企業のプロファイルなどの情報を提供しています。

目次

第1章 市場の事業概要

• HDDサスペンション 製品範囲
• HDDサスペンション タイプ別
  • 世界のHDDサスペンション 販売：タイプ別 (2020 & 2024 & 2031)
  • TSA Suspension
  • CLA Suspension
  • DSA Suspension
• HDDサスペンション 用途別
  • 世界のHDDサスペンション 売上 比較：用途別 (2020 & 2024 & 2031)
  • Personal Storage Devices
  • Servers
  • Data Center
• 世界のHDDサスペンション 市場 推定および予測 (2020-2031)
  • 世界のHDDサスペンション 市場規模 in 価格 成長率 (2020-2031)
  • Global HDD Suspension Market Size in Volume Growth Rate (2020-2031)
  • Global HDD Suspension Price Trends (2020-2031)
• 前提条件と制限

第2章 市場規模と予測：地域別

• 世界のHDDサスペンション 市場規模：地域別: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
• 世界のHDDサスペンション 過去の市場分析：地域別 (2020-2025)
  • 世界のHDDサスペンションの販売市場シェア 地域別 (2020-2025)
  • 世界のHDDサスペンションの収益市場シェア 地域別 (2020-2025)
• 世界のHDDサスペンション 市場 推定および予測 地域別 (2026-2031)
  • 世界のHDDサスペンション 売上予測・予想 地域別 (2026-2031)
  • 世界のHDDサスペンションの収益予測：地域別 (2026-2031)
• 主要地域と新興市場分析
  • 北米のHDDサスペンション 市場規模および予測 (2020-2031)
  • 日本のHDDサスペンション 市場規模および予測 (2020-2031)
  • 中国のHDDサスペンション 市場規模および予測 (2020-2031)

第3章 世界の市場規模：タイプ別

• 世界のHDDサスペンションの過去の市場概要：タイプ別 (2020-2025)
  • 世界のHDDサスペンション 販売：タイプ別 (2020-2025)
  • 世界のHDDサスペンション 収益：タイプ別 (2020-2025)
  • 世界のHDDサスペンション 価格：タイプ別 (2020-2025)
• 世界のHDDサスペンションの市場 推定および予測：タイプ別 (2026-2031)
  • 世界のHDDサスペンションの販売予測：タイプ別 (2026-2031)
  • 世界のHDDサスペンションの収益予測：タイプ別 (2026-2031)
  • 世界のHDDサスペンションの価格予測：タイプ別 (2026-2031)
• 各種タイプ HDDサスペンション 代表的な企業

第4章 世界の市場規模：用途別

• 世界のHDDサスペンションの過去の市場概要：用途別 (2020-2025)
  • 世界のHDDサスペンション 販売：用途別 (2020-2025)
  • 世界のHDDサスペンション 収益：用途別 (2020-2025)
  • 世界のHDDサスペンション 価格：用途別 (2020-2025)
• 世界のHDDサスペンション 市場 推定および予測：用途別 (2026-2031)
  • 世界のHDDサスペンションの販売予測：用途別 (2026-2031)
  • 世界のHDDサスペンションの収益予測：用途別 (2026-2031)
  • 世界のHDDサスペンションの価格予測：用途別 (2026-2031)
• 新たな成長源 HDDサスペンション アプリケーション

第5章 競合他社の状況

• 世界のHDDサスペンション 売上 ：競合別 (2020-2025)
• 世界のHDDサスペンションの上位企業：収益別 (2020-2025)
• 世界のHDDサスペンションの市場シェア：企業タイプ別 (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (収益ベース HDDサスペンション 2024年)
• 世界のHDDサスペンション 企業別平均価格 (2020-2025)
• 世界の主要メーカー HDDサスペンション, 製造拠点 & 本社
• 世界の主要メーカー HDDサスペンション, 製品の種類・用途
• 世界の主要メーカー HDDサスペンション, 業界参入時期
• 企業のM&A, 拡張計画

第6章 地域分析

• 北米の市場: 参入企業、セグメント、下流、主要顧客
  • 北米のHDDサスペンション 売上：企業別
  • 北米のHDDサスペンション 売上 内訳 タイプ別 (2020-2025)
  • 北米のHDDサスペンション 売上構成比：用途別 (2020-2025)
  • 北米のHDDサスペンション 主要顧客
  • 北米の市場 トレンドと機会
• 日本の市場: 参入企業、セグメント、下流、主要顧客
  • 日本のHDDサスペンション 売上：企業別
  • 日本のHDDサスペンション 売上 内訳 タイプ別 (2020-2025)
  • 日本のHDDサスペンション 売上構成比：用途別 (2020-2025)
  • 日本のHDDサスペンション 主要顧客
  • 日本の市場 トレンドと機会
• 中国の市場: 参入企業、セグメント、下流、主要顧客
  • 中国のHDDサスペンション 売上：企業別
  • 中国のHDDサスペンション 売上 内訳 タイプ別 (2020-2025)
  • 中国のHDDサスペンション 売上構成比：用途別 (2020-2025)
  • 中国のHDDサスペンション 主要顧客
  • 中国の市場 トレンドと機会

第7章 企業概要と主要企業

• NHK Spring
• TDK Corporation
• Suncall Corporation

第8章 HDDサスペンション 製造コスト分析

• HDDサスペンション 主要原材料の分析
  • 主要原材料
  • 原材料の主な調達先
• 製造コスト構成比
• 製造工程分析： HDDサスペンション
• HDDサスペンション 産業チェーン分析

第9章 マーケティングチャネル, 販売店と顧客

• マーケティングチャネル
• HDDサスペンション 販売代理店一覧
• HDDサスペンション 顧客

第10章 HDDサスペンション 市場動向

• HDDサスペンション 業界動向
• HDDサスペンション 市場の促進要因
• HDDサスペンション 市場の課題
• HDDサスペンション 市場の抑制要因

第11章 市場調査結果と結論

第12章 付録

List of Tables

Table 1. Global HDD Suspension Sales (US$ Million) Growth Rate by Type (2020 & 2024 & 2031)

Table 2. Global HDD Suspension Sales (US$ Million) Comparison by Application (2020 & 2024 & 2031)

Table 3. Global Market HDD Suspension Market Size (US$ Million) by Region:2020 VS 2024 VS 2031

Table 4. Global HDD Suspension Sales (K Units) by Region (2020-2025)

Table 5. Global HDD Suspension Sales Market Share by Region (2020-2025)

Table 6. Global HDD Suspension Revenue (US$ Million) Market Share by Region (2020-2025)

Table 7. Global HDD Suspension Revenue Share by Region (2020-2025)

Table 8. Global HDD Suspension Sales (K Units) Forecast by Region (2026-2031)

Table 9. Global HDD Suspension Sales Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2031)

Table 10. Global HDD Suspension Revenue (US$ Million) Forecast by Region (2026-2031)

Table 11. Global HDD Suspension Revenue Share Forecast by Region (2026-2031)

Table 12. Global HDD Suspension Sales by Type (K Units) & (2020-2025)

Table 13. Global HDD Suspension Sales Share by Type (2020-2025)

Table 14. Global HDD Suspension Revenue by Type (US$ Million) & (2020-2025)

Table 15. Global HDD Suspension Price by Type (US$/Unit) & (2020-2025)

Table 16. Global HDD Suspension Sales by Type (K Units) & (2026-2031)

Table 17. Global HDD Suspension Revenue by Type (US$ Million) & (2026-2031)

Table 18. Global HDD Suspension Price by Type (US$/Unit) & (2026-2031)

Table 19. Representative Players of Each Type

Table 20. Global HDD Suspension Sales by Application (K Units) & (2020-2025)

Table 21. Global HDD Suspension Sales Share by Application (2020-2025)

Table 22. Global HDD Suspension Revenue by Application (US$ Million) & (2020-2025)

Table 23. Global HDD Suspension Price by Application (US$/Unit) & (2020-2025)

Table 24. Global HDD Suspension Sales by Application (K Units) & (2026-2031)

Table 25. Global HDD Suspension Revenue Market Share by Application (US$ Million) & (2026-2031)

Table 26. Global HDD Suspension Price by Application (US$/Unit) & (2026-2031)

Table 27. New Sources of Growth in HDD Suspension Application

Table 28. Global HDD Suspension Sales by Company (K Units) & (2020-2025)

Table 29. Global HDD Suspension Sales Share by Company (2020-2025)

Table 30. Global HDD Suspension Revenue by Company (US$ Million) & (2020-2025)

Table 31. Global HDD Suspension Revenue Share by Company (2020-2025)

Table 32. Global HDD Suspension by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in HDD Suspension as of 2024)

Table 33. Global Market HDD Suspension Average Price by Company (US$/Unit) & (2020-2025)

Table 34. Global Key Manufacturers of HDD Suspension, Manufacturing Sites & Headquarters

Table 35. Global Key Manufacturers of HDD Suspension, Product Type & Application

Table 36. Global Key Manufacturers of HDD Suspension, Date of Enter into This Industry

Table 37. Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans

Table 38. North America HDD Suspension Sales by Company (2020-2025) & (K Units)

Table 39. North America HDD Suspension Sales Market Share by Company (2020-2025)

Table 40. North America HDD Suspension Revenue by Company (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)

Table 41. North America HDD Suspension Revenue Market Share by Company (2020-2025)

Table 42. North America HDD Suspension Sales by Type (2020-2025) & (K Units)

Table 43. North America HDD Suspension Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2025)

Table 44. North America HDD Suspension Sales by Application (2020-2025) & (K Units)

Table 45. North America HDD Suspension Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2025)

Table 46. Japan HDD Suspension Sales by Company (2020-2025) & (K Units)

Table 47. Japan HDD Suspension Sales Market Share by Company (2020-2025)

Table 48. Japan HDD Suspension Revenue by Company (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)

Table 49. Japan HDD Suspension Revenue Market Share by Company (2020-2025)

Table 50. Japan HDD Suspension Sales by Type (2020-2025) & (K Units)

Table 51. Japan HDD Suspension Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2025)

Table 52. Japan HDD Suspension Sales by Application (2020-2025) & (K Units)

Table 53. Japan HDD Suspension Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2025)

Table 54. China HDD Suspension Sales by Company (2020-2025) & (K Units)

Table 55. China HDD Suspension Sales Market Share by Company (2020-2025)

Table 56. China HDD Suspension Revenue by Company (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)

Table 57. China HDD Suspension Revenue Market Share by Company (2020-2025)

Table 58. China HDD Suspension Sales by Type (2020-2025) & (K Units)

Table 59. China HDD Suspension Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2025)

Table 60. China HDD Suspension Sales by Application (2020-2025) & (K Units)

Table 61. China HDD Suspension Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2025)

Table 62. NHK Spring Company Information

Table 63. NHK Spring Description and Business Overview

Table 64. NHK Spring HDD Suspension Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 65. NHK Spring HDD Suspension Product

Table 66. NHK Spring Recent Development

Table 67. TDK Corporation Company Information

Table 68. TDK Corporation Description and Business Overview

Table 69. TDK Corporation HDD Suspension Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 70. TDK Corporation HDD Suspension Product

Table 71. TDK Corporation Recent Development

Table 72. Suncall Corporation Company Information

Table 73. Suncall Corporation Description and Business Overview

Table 74. Suncall Corporation HDD Suspension Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 75. Suncall Corporation HDD Suspension Product

Table 76. Suncall Corporation Recent Development

Table 77. Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material

Table 78. Key Suppliers of Raw Materials

Table 79. HDD Suspension Distributors List

Table 80. HDD Suspension Customers List

Table 81. HDD Suspension Market Trends

Table 82. HDD Suspension Market Drivers

Table 83. HDD Suspension Market Challenges

Table 84. HDD Suspension Market Restraints

Table 85. Research Programs/Design for This Report

Table 86. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources

Table 87. Key Data Information from Primary Sources

List of Figures

Figure 1. HDD Suspension Product Picture

Figure 2. Global HDD Suspension Sales (US$ Million) by Type (2020 & 2024 & 2031)

Figure 3. Global HDD Suspension Sales Market Share by Type in 2024 & 2031

Figure 4. TSA Suspension Product Picture

Figure 5. CLA Suspension Product Picture

Figure 6. DSA Suspension Product Picture

Figure 7. Global HDD Suspension Sales (US$ Million) by Application (2020 & 2024 & 2031)

Figure 8. Global HDD Suspension Sales Market Share by Application in 2024 & 2031

Figure 9. Personal Storage Devices Examples

Figure 10. Servers Examples

Figure 11. Data Center Examples

Figure 12. Global HDD Suspension Sales, (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031

Figure 13. Global HDD Suspension Sales Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 14. Global HDD Suspension Sales (K Units) Growth Rate (2020-2031)

Figure 15. Global HDD Suspension Price Trends Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$/Unit)

Figure 16. HDD Suspension Report Years Considered

Figure 17. Global Market HDD Suspension Market Size (US$ Million) by Region:2020 VS 2024 VS 2031

Figure 18. Global HDD Suspension Revenue Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024

Figure 19. North America HDD Suspension Revenue (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)

Figure 20. North America HDD Suspension Sales (K Units) Growth Rate (2020-2031)

Figure 21. Japan HDD Suspension Revenue (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)

Figure 22. Japan HDD Suspension Sales (K Units) Growth Rate (2020-2031)

Figure 23. China HDD Suspension Revenue (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)

Figure 24. China HDD Suspension Sales (K Units) Growth Rate (2020-2031)

Figure 25. Global HDD Suspension Revenue Share by Type (2020-2025)

Figure 26. Global HDD Suspension Sales Share by Type (2026-2031)

Figure 27. Global HDD Suspension Revenue Share by Type (2026-2031)

Figure 28. Global HDD Suspension Revenue Share by Application (2020-2025)

Figure 29. Global HDD Suspension Revenue Growth Rate by Application in 2020 & 2024

Figure 30. Global HDD Suspension Sales Share by Application (2026-2031)

Figure 31. Global HDD Suspension Revenue Share by Application (2026-2031)

Figure 32. Global HDD Suspension Sales Share by Company (2024)

Figure 33. Global HDD Suspension Revenue Share by Company (2024)

Figure 34. Global 5 Largest HDD Suspension Players Market Share by Revenue in HDD Suspension: 2020 & 2024

Figure 35. HDD Suspension Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2020 VS 2024

Figure 36. Manufacturing Cost Structure of HDD Suspension

Figure 37. Manufacturing Process Analysis of HDD Suspension

Figure 38. HDD Suspension Industrial Chain

Figure 39. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)

Figure 40. Distributors Profiles

Figure 41. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report

Figure 42. Data Triangulation

Figure 43. Key Executives Interviewed

This research report focuses on the HDD Suspension Market. It analyzes market size, trends and demand forecasts, as well as growth factors and challenges. The report provides market data breakdowns by type, application, company, and region, in addition to competitive landscape and key company profiles.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Market Overview

• 1.1 HDD Suspension Product Scope
• 1.2 HDD Suspension by Type
  • 1.2.1 Global HDD Suspension Sales by Type (2020 & 2024 & 2031)
  • 1.2.2 TSA Suspension
  • 1.2.3 CLA Suspension
  • 1.2.4 DSA Suspension
• 1.3 HDD Suspension by Application
  • 1.3.1 Global HDD Suspension Sales Comparison by Application (2020 & 2024 & 2031)
  • 1.3.2 Personal Storage Devices
  • 1.3.3 Servers
  • 1.3.4 Data Center
• 1.4 Global HDD Suspension Market Estimates and Forecasts (2020-2031)
  • 1.4.1 Global HDD Suspension Market Size in Value Growth Rate (2020-2031)
  • 1.4.2 Global HDD Suspension Market Size in Volume Growth Rate (2020-2031)
  • 1.4.3 Global HDD Suspension Price Trends (2020-2031)
• 1.5 Assumptions and Limitations

2 Market Size and Prospective by Region

• 2.1 Global HDD Suspension Market Size by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
• 2.2 Global HDD Suspension Retrospective Market Scenario by Region (2020-2025)
  • 2.2.1 Global HDD Suspension Sales Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
  • 2.2.2 Global HDD Suspension Revenue Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
• 2.3 Global HDD Suspension Market Estimates and Forecasts by Region (2026-2031)
  • 2.3.1 Global HDD Suspension Sales Estimates and Forecasts by Region (2026-2031)
  • 2.3.2 Global HDD Suspension Revenue Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
• 2.4 Major Region and Emerging Market Analysis
  • 2.4.1 North America HDD Suspension Market Size and Prospective (2020-2031)
  • 2.4.2 Japan HDD Suspension Market Size and Prospective (2020-2031)
  • 2.4.3 China HDD Suspension Market Size and Prospective (2020-2031)

3 Global Market Size by Type

• 3.1 Global HDD Suspension Historic Market Review by Type (2020-2025)
  • 3.1.1 Global HDD Suspension Sales by Type (2020-2025)
  • 3.1.2 Global HDD Suspension Revenue by Type (2020-2025)
  • 3.1.3 Global HDD Suspension Price by Type (2020-2025)
• 3.2 Global HDD Suspension Market Estimates and Forecasts by Type (2026-2031)
  • 3.2.1 Global HDD Suspension Sales Forecast by Type (2026-2031)
  • 3.2.2 Global HDD Suspension Revenue Forecast by Type (2026-2031)
  • 3.2.3 Global HDD Suspension Price Forecast by Type (2026-2031)
• 3.3 Different Types HDD Suspension Representative Players

4 Global Market Size by Application

• 4.1 Global HDD Suspension Historic Market Review by Application (2020-2025)
  • 4.1.1 Global HDD Suspension Sales by Application (2020-2025)
  • 4.1.2 Global HDD Suspension Revenue by Application (2020-2025)
  • 4.1.3 Global HDD Suspension Price by Application (2020-2025)
• 4.2 Global HDD Suspension Market Estimates and Forecasts by Application (2026-2031)
  • 4.2.1 Global HDD Suspension Sales Forecast by Application (2026-2031)
  • 4.2.2 Global HDD Suspension Revenue Forecast by Application (2026-2031)
  • 4.2.3 Global HDD Suspension Price Forecast by Application (2026-2031)
• 4.3 New Sources of Growth in HDD Suspension Application

5 Competition Landscape by Players

• 5.1 Global HDD Suspension Sales by Players (2020-2025)
• 5.2 Global Top HDD Suspension Players by Revenue (2020-2025)
• 5.3 Global HDD Suspension Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in HDD Suspension as of 2024)
• 5.4 Global HDD Suspension Average Price by Company (2020-2025)
• 5.5 Global Key Manufacturers of HDD Suspension, Manufacturing Sites & Headquarters
• 5.6 Global Key Manufacturers of HDD Suspension, Product Type & Application
• 5.7 Global Key Manufacturers of HDD Suspension, Date of Enter into This Industry
• 5.8 Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans

6 Region Analysis

• 6.1 North America Market: Players, Segments, Downstream and Major Customers
  • 6.1.1 North America HDD Suspension Sales by Company
    • 6.1.1.1 North America HDD Suspension Sales by Company (2020-2025)
    • 6.1.1.2 North America HDD Suspension Revenue by Company (2020-2025)
  • 6.1.2 North America HDD Suspension Sales Breakdown by Type (2020-2025)
  • 6.1.3 North America HDD Suspension Sales Breakdown by Application (2020-2025)
  • 6.1.4 North America HDD Suspension Major Customer
  • 6.1.5 North America Market Trend and Opportunities
• 6.2 Japan Market: Players, Segments, Downstream and Major Customers
  • 6.2.1 Japan HDD Suspension Sales by Company
    • 6.2.1.1 Japan HDD Suspension Sales by Company (2020-2025)
    • 6.2.1.2 Japan HDD Suspension Revenue by Company (2020-2025)
  • 6.2.2 Japan HDD Suspension Sales Breakdown by Type (2020-2025)
  • 6.2.3 Japan HDD Suspension Sales Breakdown by Application (2020-2025)
  • 6.2.4 Japan HDD Suspension Major Customer
  • 6.2.5 Japan Market Trend and Opportunities
• 6.3 China Market: Players, Segments, Downstream and Major Customers
  • 6.3.1 China HDD Suspension Sales by Company
    • 6.3.1.1 China HDD Suspension Sales by Company (2020-2025)
    • 6.3.1.2 China HDD Suspension Revenue by Company (2020-2025)
  • 6.3.2 China HDD Suspension Sales Breakdown by Type (2020-2025)
  • 6.3.3 China HDD Suspension Sales Breakdown by Application (2020-2025)
  • 6.3.4 China HDD Suspension Major Customer
  • 6.3.5 China Market Trend and Opportunities

7 Company Profiles and Key Figures

• 7.1 NHK Spring
  • 7.1.1 NHK Spring Company Information
  • 7.1.2 NHK Spring Business Overview
  • 7.1.3 NHK Spring HDD Suspension Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.1.4 NHK Spring HDD Suspension Products Offered
  • 7.1.5 NHK Spring Recent Development
• 7.2 TDK Corporation
  • 7.2.1 TDK Corporation Company Information
  • 7.2.2 TDK Corporation Business Overview
  • 7.2.3 TDK Corporation HDD Suspension Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.2.4 TDK Corporation HDD Suspension Products Offered
  • 7.2.5 TDK Corporation Recent Development
• 7.3 Suncall Corporation
  • 7.3.1 Suncall Corporation Company Information
  • 7.3.2 Suncall Corporation Business Overview
  • 7.3.3 Suncall Corporation HDD Suspension Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.3.4 Suncall Corporation HDD Suspension Products Offered
  • 7.3.5 Suncall Corporation Recent Development

8 HDD Suspension Manufacturing Cost Analysis

• 8.1 HDD Suspension Key Raw Materials Analysis
  • 8.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  • 8.1.2 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
• 8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
• 8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of HDD Suspension
• 8.4 HDD Suspension Industrial Chain Analysis

9 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers

• 9.1 Marketing Channel
• 9.2 HDD Suspension Distributors List
• 9.3 HDD Suspension Customers

10 HDD Suspension Market Dynamics

• 10.1 HDD Suspension Industry Trends
• 10.2 HDD Suspension Market Drivers
• 10.3 HDD Suspension Market Challenges
• 10.4 HDD Suspension Market Restraints

11 Research Findings and Conclusion

12 Appendix

• 12.1 Research Methodology
  • 12.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
    • 12.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design
    • 12.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation
    • 12.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
  • 12.1.2 Data Source
    • 12.1.2.1 Secondary Sources
    • 12.1.2.2 Primary Sources
• 12.2 Author Details
• 12.3 Disclaimer