温水ノズルの世界市場に関する洞察、2030年までの予測

当レポートは、温水ノズル (Heated Water Nozzle) 市場について調査しており、市場規模や動向・需要の予測、成長要因および課題の分析、タイプ・用途・企業・地域別の内訳、競合情勢、主要企業のプロファイルなどの情報を提供しています。

目次

第1章 調査対象

• 温水ノズルの製品概要
• 市場：タイプ別
  • 世界の温水ノズル 市場規模：タイプ別, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  • Column Nozzle
  • Mist Nozzle
• 市場：用途別
  • 世界の温水ノズル 市場規模：用途別, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  • Passenger Vehicle
  • Commercial Vehicle
• 前提条件と制限
• 調査目的
• 対象期間

第2章 世界の温水ノズルの生産

• 世界の温水ノズルの生産能力 (2019-2030)
• 世界の温水ノズルの生産 地域別: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030, 生産拠点別
• 世界の温水ノズルの生産 地域別
  • 世界の温水ノズルの生産実績：地域別 (2019-2024)
  • 世界の温水ノズルの生産予測：地域別 (2025-2030)
  • 世界の温水ノズルの生産 市場 シェア 地域別 (2019-2030)
• 北米
• 欧州
• 中国
• 日本
• 韓国
• インド

第3章 レポート概要

• 世界の温水ノズルの収益 推定および予測 2019-2030
• 世界の温水ノズルの収益：地域別
  • 世界の温水ノズルの収益：地域別: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  • 世界の温水ノズルの収益：地域別 (2019-2024)
  • 世界の温水ノズルの収益：地域別 (2025-2030)
  • 世界の温水ノズルの収益市場シェア 地域別 (2019-2030)
• 世界の温水ノズル 売上予測・予想 2019-2030
• 世界の温水ノズルの販売：地域別
  • 世界の温水ノズルの販売：地域別: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  • 世界の温水ノズルの販売：地域別 (2019-2024)
  • 世界の温水ノズルの販売：地域別 (2025-2030)
  • 世界の温水ノズルの販売市場シェア 地域別 (2019-2030)
• 米国・カナダ
• 欧州
• 中国
• アジア（中国を除く）
• 中東, アフリカ ・ラテンアメリカ

第4章 競合：企業別

• 世界の温水ノズルの販売：企業別
  • 世界の温水ノズルの販売：企業別 (2019-2024)
  • 世界の温水ノズルの販売市場シェア：企業別 (2019-2024)
  • 世界の上位10・上位5企業： 温水ノズル in 2023
• 世界の温水ノズルの収益：企業別
  • 世界の温水ノズルの収益：企業別 (2019-2024)
  • 世界の温水ノズルの収益市場シェア：企業別 (2019-2024)
  • 世界の上位10・上位5企業： 温水ノズルの収益 2023
• 世界の温水ノズルの販売価格：企業別 (2019-2024)
• 世界の主要企業 温水ノズル, 業界ランキング, 2022 VS 2023
• 競合情勢の分析
  • 企業の市場集中度 (CR5 and HHI)
  • 世界の温水ノズルの市場シェア：企業タイプ別 (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
• 世界の主要メーカー 温水ノズル, 製造拠点分布と本社
• 世界の主要メーカー 温水ノズル, 提供製品と用途
• 世界の主要メーカー 温水ノズル, 業界参入時期
• M&A, 拡張計画

第5章 市場規模：タイプ別

• 世界の温水ノズルの販売：タイプ別
  • 世界の温水ノズルの販売実績：タイプ別 (2019-2024)
  • 世界の温水ノズルの販売予測：タイプ別 (2025-2030)
  • 世界の温水ノズルの販売市場シェア：タイプ別 (2019-2030)
• 世界の温水ノズル 収益：タイプ別
  • 世界の温水ノズルの収益実績：タイプ別 (2019-2024)
  • 世界の温水ノズルの収益予測：タイプ別 (2025-2030)
  • 世界の温水ノズルの収益市場シェア：タイプ別 (2019-2030)
• 世界の温水ノズルの価格：タイプ別
  • 世界の温水ノズルの価格：タイプ別 (2019-2024)
  • 世界の温水ノズルの価格予測：タイプ別 (2025-2030)

第6章 市場規模：用途別

• 世界の温水ノズルの販売：用途別
  • 世界の温水ノズルの販売実績：用途別 (2019-2024)
  • 世界の温水ノズルの販売予測：用途別 (2025-2030)
  • 世界の温水ノズルの販売市場シェア：用途別 (2019-2030)
• 世界の温水ノズルの収益：用途別
  • 世界の温水ノズルの収益実績：用途別 (2019-2024)
  • 世界の温水ノズルの収益予測：用途別 (2025-2030)
  • 世界の温水ノズルの収益市場シェア：用途別 (2019-2030)
• 世界の温水ノズルの価格：用途別
  • 世界の温水ノズルの価格：用途別 (2019-2024)
  • 世界の温水ノズルの価格予測：用途別 (2025-2030)

第7章 米国・カナダ

• 米国・カナダ 温水ノズル 市場規模：タイプ別
  • 米国・カナダ 温水ノズルの販売：タイプ別 (2019-2030)
  • 米国・カナダ 温水ノズル 収益：タイプ別 (2019-2030)
• 米国・カナダ 温水ノズル 市場規模：用途別
  • 米国・カナダ 温水ノズルの販売：用途別 (2019-2030)
  • 米国・カナダ 温水ノズルの収益：用途別 (2019-2030)
• 米国・カナダ 温水ノズル 市場規模：国別
  • 米国・カナダ 温水ノズルの収益：国別: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  • 米国・カナダ 温水ノズルの収益：国別 (2019-2030)
  • 米国・カナダ 温水ノズルの販売：国別 (2019-2030)
  • US
  • カナダ

第8章 欧州

• 欧州の温水ノズル 市場規模：タイプ別
  • 欧州の温水ノズルの販売：タイプ別 (2019-2030)
  • 欧州の温水ノズル 収益：タイプ別 (2019-2030)
• 欧州の温水ノズル 市場規模：用途別
  • 欧州の温水ノズルの販売：用途別 (2019-2030)
  • 欧州の温水ノズルの収益：用途別 (2019-2030)
• 欧州の温水ノズル 市場規模：国別
  • 欧州の温水ノズルの収益：国別: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  • 欧州の温水ノズルの販売：国別 (2019-2030)
  • 欧州の温水ノズルの収益：国別 (2019-2030)
  • ドイツ
  • フランス
  • 英国
  • イタリア
  • ロシア

第9章 中国

• 中国の温水ノズル 市場規模：タイプ別
  • 中国の温水ノズルの販売：タイプ別 (2019-2030)
  • 中国の温水ノズル 収益：タイプ別 (2019-2030)
• 中国の温水ノズル 市場規模：用途別
  • 中国の温水ノズルの販売：用途別 (2019-2030)
  • 中国の温水ノズルの収益：用途別 (2019-2030)

第10章 アジア（中国を除く）

• アジア地域 温水ノズル 市場規模：タイプ別
  • アジア地域 温水ノズルの販売：タイプ別 (2019-2030)
  • アジア地域 温水ノズル 収益：タイプ別 (2019-2030)
• アジア地域 温水ノズル 市場規模：用途別
  • アジア地域 温水ノズルの販売：用途別 (2019-2030)
  • アジア地域 温水ノズルの収益：用途別 (2019-2030)
• アジア地域 温水ノズル 市場規模：地域別
  • アジア地域 温水ノズルの収益：地域別: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  • アジア地域 温水ノズルの収益：地域別 (2019-2030)
  • アジア地域 温水ノズルの販売：地域別 (2019-2030)
  • 日本
  • 韓国
  • 台湾
  • 東南アジア
  • インド

第11章 中東, アフリカ ・ラテンアメリカ

• 中東, アフリカ ・ラテンアメリカの温水ノズル 市場規模：タイプ別
  • 中東, アフリカ ・ラテンアメリカの温水ノズルの販売：タイプ別 (2019-2030)
  • 中東, アフリカ ・ラテンアメリカの温水ノズル 収益：タイプ別 (2019-2030)
• 中東, アフリカ ・ラテンアメリカの温水ノズル 市場規模：用途別
  • 中東, アフリカ ・ラテンアメリカの温水ノズルの販売：用途別 (2019-2030)
  • 中東, アフリカ ・ラテンアメリカの温水ノズルの収益：用途別 (2019-2030)
• 中東, アフリカ ・ラテンアメリカの温水ノズル 市場規模：国別
  • 中東, アフリカ ・ラテンアメリカの温水ノズルの収益：国別: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  • 中東, アフリカ ・ラテンアメリカの温水ノズルの収益：国別 (2019-2030)
  • 中東, アフリカ ・ラテンアメリカの温水ノズルの販売：国別 (2019-2030)
  • ブラジル
  • メキシコ
  • トルコ
  • イスラエル
  • 湾岸協力理事会諸国

第12章 企業プロファイル

• Valeo
• Bosch
• SOFT99
• Denso
• HEYNER
• Mitsuba
• ITW
• Hella

第13章 業界チェーンと販売チャネルの分析

• 温水ノズル 業界チェーン分析
• 温水ノズル 主要原材料
  • 主要原材料
  • 原材料の主要サプライヤー
• 温水ノズル 生産形態とプロセス
• 温水ノズル 販売およびマーケティング
  • 温水ノズル 販売チャネルs
  • 温水ノズル 卸業者
• 温水ノズル 顧客

第14章 温水ノズル 市場動向

• 温水ノズル 業界動向
• 温水ノズル 市場の促進要因
• 温水ノズル 市場の課題
• 温水ノズル 市場の抑制要因

第15章 主な調査結果 世界の温水ノズルの主な市場調査結果

第16章 付録

List of Tables

Table 1. Global Heated Water Nozzle Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)

Table 2. Key Manufacturers of Column Nozzle

Table 3. Key Manufacturers of Mist Nozzle

Table 4. Global Heated Water Nozzle Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)

Table 5. Global Heated Water Nozzle Production Growth Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Units)

Table 6. Global Heated Water Nozzle Production by Region (2019-2024) & (K Units)

Table 7. Global Heated Water Nozzle Production by Region (2025-2030) & (K Units)

Table 8. Global Heated Water Nozzle Production Market Share by Region (2019-2024)

Table 9. Global Heated Water Nozzle Production Market Share by Region (2025-2030)

Table 10. Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)

Table 11. Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Region (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)

Table 12. Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Region (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)

Table 13. Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Market Share by Region (2019-2024)

Table 14. Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Market Share by Region (2025-2030)

Table 15. Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Units)

Table 16. Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Region (2019-2024) & (K Units)

Table 17. Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Region (2025-2030) & (K Units)

Table 18. Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales Market Share by Region (2019-2024)

Table 19. Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales Market Share by Region (2025-2030)

Table 20. Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Manufacturers (2019-2024) & (K Units)

Table 21. Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)

Table 22. Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Manufacturers (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)

Table 23. Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)

Table 24. Heated Water Nozzle Price by Manufacturers (2019-2024) & (US$/Unit)

Table 25. Global Key Players of Heated Water Nozzle, Industry Ranking, 2022 VS 2023

Table 26. Global Heated Water Nozzle Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)

Table 27. Global Heated Water Nozzle by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Heated Water Nozzle as of 2023)

Table 28. Global Key Manufacturers of Heated Water Nozzle, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters

Table 29. Global Key Manufacturers of Heated Water Nozzle, Product Offered and Application

Table 30. Global Key Manufacturers of Heated Water Nozzle, Date of Enter into This Industry

Table 31. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans

Table 32. Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Type (2019-2024) & (K Units)

Table 33. Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Type (2025-2030) & (K Units)

Table 34. Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales Share by Type (2019-2024)

Table 35. Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales Share by Type (2025-2030)

Table 36. Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)

Table 37. Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)

Table 38. Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Share by Type (2019-2024)

Table 39. Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Share by Type (2025-2030)

Table 40. Heated Water Nozzle Price by Type (2019-2024) & (US$/Unit)

Table 41. Global Heated Water Nozzle Price Forecast by Type (2025-2030) & (US$/Unit)

Table 42. Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K Units)

Table 43. Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Application (2025-2030) & (K Units)

Table 44. Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales Share by Application (2019-2024)

Table 45. Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales Share by Application (2025-2030)

Table 46. Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)

Table 47. Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)

Table 48. Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Share by Application (2019-2024)

Table 49. Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Share by Application (2025-2030)

Table 50. Heated Water Nozzle Price by Application (2019-2024) & (US$/Unit)

Table 51. Global Heated Water Nozzle Price Forecast by Application (2025-2030) & (US$/Unit)

Table 52. US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Type (2019-2024) & (K Units)

Table 53. US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Type (2025-2030) & (K Units)

Table 54. US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)

Table 55. US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)

Table 56. US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K Units)

Table 57. US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Application (2025-2030) & (K Units)

Table 58. US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)

Table 59. US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)

Table 60. US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)

Table 61. US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Country (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)

Table 62. US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Country (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)

Table 63. US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Country (2019-2024) & (K Units)

Table 64. US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Country (2025-2030) & (K Units)

Table 65. Europe Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Type (2019-2024) & (K Units)

Table 66. Europe Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Type (2025-2030) & (K Units)

Table 67. Europe Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)

Table 68. Europe Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)

Table 69. Europe Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K Units)

Table 70. Europe Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Application (2025-2030) & (K Units)

Table 71. Europe Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)

Table 72. Europe Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)

Table 73. Europe Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)

Table 74. Europe Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Country (2019-2024) & (K Units)

Table 75. Europe Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Country (2025-2030) & (K Units)

Table 76. Europe Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Country (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)

Table 77. Europe Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Country (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)

Table 78. China Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Type (2019-2024) & (K Units)

Table 79. China Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Type (2025-2030) & (K Units)

Table 80. China Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)

Table 81. China Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)

Table 82. China Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K Units)

Table 83. China Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Application (2025-2030) & (K Units)

Table 84. China Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)

Table 85. China Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)

Table 86. Asia Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Type (2019-2024) & (K Units)

Table 87. Asia Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Type (2025-2030) & (K Units)

Table 88. Asia Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)

Table 89. Asia Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)

Table 90. Asia Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K Units)

Table 91. Asia Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Application (2025-2030) & (K Units)

Table 92. Asia Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)

Table 93. Asia Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)

Table 94. Asia Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)

Table 95. Asia Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Region (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)

Table 96. Asia Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Region (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)

Table 97. Asia Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Region (2019-2024) & (K Units)

Table 98. Asia Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Region (2025-2030) & (K Units)

Table 99. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Type (2019-2024) & (K Units)

Table 100. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Type (2025-2030) & (K Units)

Table 101. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)

Table 102. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)

Table 103. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K Units)

Table 104. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Application (2025-2030) & (K Units)

Table 105. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)

Table 106. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)

Table 107. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)

Table 108. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Country (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)

Table 109. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Country (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)

Table 110. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Country (2019-2024) & (K Units)

Table 111. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Country (2025-2030) & (K Units)

Table 112. Valeo Corporation Information

Table 113. Valeo Description and Major Businesses

Table 114. Valeo Heated Water Nozzle Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)

Table 115. Valeo Heated Water Nozzle Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 116. Valeo Recent Developments

Table 117. Bosch Corporation Information

Table 118. Bosch Description and Major Businesses

Table 119. Bosch Heated Water Nozzle Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)

Table 120. Bosch Heated Water Nozzle Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 121. Bosch Recent Developments

Table 122. SOFT99 Corporation Information

Table 123. SOFT99 Description and Major Businesses

Table 124. SOFT99 Heated Water Nozzle Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)

Table 125. SOFT99 Heated Water Nozzle Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 126. SOFT99 Recent Developments

Table 127. Denso Corporation Information

Table 128. Denso Description and Major Businesses

Table 129. Denso Heated Water Nozzle Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)

Table 130. Denso Heated Water Nozzle Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 131. Denso Recent Developments

Table 132. HEYNER Corporation Information

Table 133. HEYNER Description and Major Businesses

Table 134. HEYNER Heated Water Nozzle Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)

Table 135. HEYNER Heated Water Nozzle Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 136. HEYNER Recent Developments

Table 137. Mitsuba Corporation Information

Table 138. Mitsuba Description and Major Businesses

Table 139. Mitsuba Heated Water Nozzle Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)

Table 140. Mitsuba Heated Water Nozzle Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 141. Mitsuba Recent Developments

Table 142. ITW Corporation Information

Table 143. ITW Description and Major Businesses

Table 144. ITW Heated Water Nozzle Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)

Table 145. ITW Heated Water Nozzle Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 146. ITW Recent Developments

Table 147. Hella Corporation Information

Table 148. Hella Description and Major Businesses

Table 149. Hella Heated Water Nozzle Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)

Table 150. Hella Heated Water Nozzle Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 151. Hella Recent Developments

Table 152. Key Raw Materials Lists

Table 153. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists

Table 154. Heated Water Nozzle Distributors List

Table 155. Heated Water Nozzle Customers List

Table 156. Heated Water Nozzle Market Trends

Table 157. Heated Water Nozzle Market Drivers

Table 158. Heated Water Nozzle Market Challenges

Table 159. Heated Water Nozzle Market Restraints

Table 160. Research Programs/Design for This Report

Table 161. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources

Table 162. Key Data Information from Primary Sources

List of Figures

Figure 1. Heated Water Nozzle Product Picture

Figure 2. Global Heated Water Nozzle Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)

Figure 3. Global Heated Water Nozzle Market Share by Type: 2023 & 2030

Figure 4. Column Nozzle Product Picture

Figure 5. Mist Nozzle Product Picture

Figure 6. Global Heated Water Nozzle Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)

Figure 7. Global Heated Water Nozzle Market Share by Application in 2023 & 2030

Figure 8. Passenger Vehicle

Figure 9. Commercial Vehicle

Figure 10. Heated Water Nozzle Report Years Considered

Figure 11. Global Heated Water Nozzle Capacity, Production and Utilization (2019-2030) & (K Units)

Figure 12. Global Heated Water Nozzle Production by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Units)

Figure 13. Global Heated Water Nozzle Production Market Share by Region in Percentage: 2023 Versus 2030

Figure 14. Global Heated Water Nozzle Production Market Share by Region (2019-2030)

Figure 15. Heated Water Nozzle Production Growth Rate in North America (2019-2030) & (K Units)

Figure 16. Heated Water Nozzle Production Growth Rate in Europe (2019-2030) & (K Units)

Figure 17. Heated Water Nozzle Production Growth Rate in China (2019-2030) & (K Units)

Figure 18. Heated Water Nozzle Production Growth Rate in Japan (2019-2030) & (K Units)

Figure 19. Heated Water Nozzle Production Growth Rate in South Korea (2019-2030) & (K Units)

Figure 20. Heated Water Nozzle Production Growth Rate in India (2019-2030) & (K Units)

Figure 21. Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue, (US$ Million), 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030

Figure 22. Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue 2019-2030 (US$ Million)

Figure 23. Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue (CAGR) by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)

Figure 24. Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Market Share by Region in Percentage: 2023 Versus 2030

Figure 25. Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Market Share by Region (2019-2030)

Figure 26. Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales (2019-2030) & (K Units)

Figure 27. Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales (CAGR) by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Units)

Figure 28. Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales Market Share by Region (2019-2030)

Figure 29. US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Sales YoY (2019-2030) & (K Units)

Figure 30. US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Revenue YoY (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)

Figure 31. Europe Heated Water Nozzle Sales YoY (2019-2030) & (K Units)

Figure 32. Europe Heated Water Nozzle Revenue YoY (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)

Figure 33. China Heated Water Nozzle Sales YoY (2019-2030) & (K Units)

Figure 34. China Heated Water Nozzle Revenue YoY (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)

Figure 35. Asia (excluding China) Heated Water Nozzle Sales YoY (2019-2030) & (K Units)

Figure 36. Asia (excluding China) Heated Water Nozzle Revenue YoY (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)

Figure 37. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Sales YoY (2019-2030) & (K Units)

Figure 38. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Revenue YoY (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)

Figure 39. Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales Share by Manufacturers (2023)

Figure 40. The Heated Water Nozzle Market Share of Top 10 and Top 5 Largest Manufacturers Around the World in 2023

Figure 41. Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2023)

Figure 42. The Top 5 and 10 Largest Manufacturers of Heated Water Nozzle in the World: Market Share by Heated Water Nozzle Revenue in 2023

Figure 43. Global Heated Water Nozzle Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2019 VS 2023

Figure 44. Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)

Figure 45. Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)

Figure 46. Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)

Figure 47. Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)

Figure 48. US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)

Figure 49. US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)

Figure 50. US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)

Figure 51. US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)

Figure 52. US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Share by Country (2019-2030)

Figure 53. US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)

Figure 54. US Heated Water Nozzle Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)

Figure 55. Canada Heated Water Nozzle Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)

Figure 56. Europe Heated Water Nozzle Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)

Figure 57. Europe Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)

Figure 58. Europe Heated Water Nozzle Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)

Figure 59. Europe Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)

Figure 60. Europe Heated Water Nozzle Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)

Figure 61. Europe Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Share by Country (2019-2030)

Figure 62. Germany Heated Water Nozzle Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)

Figure 63. France Heated Water Nozzle Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)

Figure 64. U.K. Heated Water Nozzle Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)

Figure 65. Italy Heated Water Nozzle Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)

Figure 66. Russia Heated Water Nozzle Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)

Figure 67. China Heated Water Nozzle Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)

Figure 68. China Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)

Figure 69. China Heated Water Nozzle Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)

Figure 70. China Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)

Figure 71. Asia Heated Water Nozzle Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)

Figure 72. Asia Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)

Figure 73. Asia Heated Water Nozzle Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)

Figure 74. Asia Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)

Figure 75. Asia Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Share by Region (2019-2030)

Figure 76. Asia Heated Water Nozzle Sales Share by Region (2019-2030)

Figure 77. Japan Heated Water Nozzle Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)

Figure 78. South Korea Heated Water Nozzle Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)

Figure 79. China Taiwan Heated Water Nozzle Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)

Figure 80. Southeast Asia Heated Water Nozzle Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)

Figure 81. India Heated Water Nozzle Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)

Figure 82. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)

Figure 83. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)

Figure 84. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)

Figure 85. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)

Figure 86. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Share by Country (2019-2030)

Figure 87. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)

Figure 88. Brazil Heated Water Nozzle Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)

Figure 89. Mexico Heated Water Nozzle Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)

Figure 90. Turkey Heated Water Nozzle Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)

Figure 91. Israel Heated Water Nozzle Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)

Figure 92. GCC Countries Heated Water Nozzle Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)

Figure 93. Heated Water Nozzle Value Chain

Figure 94. Heated Water Nozzle Production Process

Figure 95. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)

Figure 96. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report

Figure 97. Data Triangulation

Figure 98. Key Executives Interviewed

This research report focuses on the Heated Water Nozzle Market. It analyzes market size, trends and demand forecasts, as well as growth factors and challenges. The report provides market data breakdowns by type, application, company, and region, in addition to competitive landscape and key company profiles.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Study Coverage

• 1.1 Heated Water Nozzle Product Introduction
• 1.2 Market by Type
  • 1.2.1 Global Heated Water Nozzle Market Size by Type, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  • 1.2.2 Column Nozzle
  • 1.2.3 Mist Nozzle
• 1.3 Market by Application
  • 1.3.1 Global Heated Water Nozzle Market Size by Application, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  • 1.3.2 Passenger Vehicle
  • 1.3.3 Commercial Vehicle
• 1.4 Assumptions and Limitations
• 1.5 Study Objectives
• 1.6 Years Considered

2 Global Heated Water Nozzle Production

• 2.1 Global Heated Water Nozzle Production Capacity (2019-2030)
• 2.2 Global Heated Water Nozzle Production by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030, Based on Production Site
• 2.3 Global Heated Water Nozzle Production by Region
  • 2.3.1 Global Heated Water Nozzle Historic Production by Region (2019-2024)
  • 2.3.2 Global Heated Water Nozzle Forecasted Production by Region (2025-2030)
  • 2.3.3 Global Heated Water Nozzle Production Market Share by Region (2019-2030)
• 2.4 North America
• 2.5 Europe
• 2.6 China
• 2.7 Japan
• 2.8 South Korea
• 2.9 India

3 Executive Summary

• 3.1 Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Estimates and Forecasts 2019-2030
• 3.2 Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Region
  • 3.2.1 Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  • 3.2.2 Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Region (2019-2024)
  • 3.2.3 Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Region (2025-2030)
  • 3.2.4 Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Market Share by Region (2019-2030)
• 3.3 Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales Estimates and Forecasts 2019-2030
• 3.4 Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Region
  • 3.4.1 Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  • 3.4.2 Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Region (2019-2024)
  • 3.4.3 Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Region (2025-2030)
  • 3.4.4 Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales Market Share by Region (2019-2030)
• 3.5 US & Canada
• 3.6 Europe
• 3.7 China
• 3.8 Asia (excluding China)
• 3.9 Middle East, Africa and Latin America

4 Competition by Manufacturers

• 4.1 Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Manufacturers
  • 4.1.1 Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
  • 4.1.2 Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
  • 4.1.3 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Largest Manufacturers of Heated Water Nozzle in 2023
• 4.2 Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Manufacturers
  • 4.2.1 Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
  • 4.2.2 Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
  • 4.2.3 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by Heated Water Nozzle Revenue in 2023
• 4.3 Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales Price by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
• 4.4 Global Key Players of Heated Water Nozzle, Industry Ranking, 2022 VS 2023
• 4.5 Analysis of Competitive Landscape
  • 4.5.1 Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
  • 4.5.2 Global Heated Water Nozzle Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
• 4.6 Global Key Manufacturers of Heated Water Nozzle, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
• 4.7 Global Key Manufacturers of Heated Water Nozzle, Product Offered and Application
• 4.8 Global Key Manufacturers of Heated Water Nozzle, Date of Enter into This Industry
• 4.9 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans

5 Market Size by Type

• 5.1 Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Type
  • 5.1.1 Global Heated Water Nozzle Historical Sales by Type (2019-2024)
  • 5.1.2 Global Heated Water Nozzle Forecasted Sales by Type (2025-2030)
  • 5.1.3 Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
• 5.2 Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Type
  • 5.2.1 Global Heated Water Nozzle Historical Revenue by Type (2019-2024)
  • 5.2.2 Global Heated Water Nozzle Forecasted Revenue by Type (2025-2030)
  • 5.2.3 Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
• 5.3 Global Heated Water Nozzle Price by Type
  • 5.3.1 Global Heated Water Nozzle Price by Type (2019-2024)
  • 5.3.2 Global Heated Water Nozzle Price Forecast by Type (2025-2030)

6 Market Size by Application

• 6.1 Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Application
  • 6.1.1 Global Heated Water Nozzle Historical Sales by Application (2019-2024)
  • 6.1.2 Global Heated Water Nozzle Forecasted Sales by Application (2025-2030)
  • 6.1.3 Global Heated Water Nozzle Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
• 6.2 Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Application
  • 6.2.1 Global Heated Water Nozzle Historical Revenue by Application (2019-2024)
  • 6.2.2 Global Heated Water Nozzle Forecasted Revenue by Application (2025-2030)
  • 6.2.3 Global Heated Water Nozzle Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
• 6.3 Global Heated Water Nozzle Price by Application
  • 6.3.1 Global Heated Water Nozzle Price by Application (2019-2024)
  • 6.3.2 Global Heated Water Nozzle Price Forecast by Application (2025-2030)

7 US & Canada

• 7.1 US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Market Size by Type
  • 7.1.1 US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Type (2019-2030)
  • 7.1.2 US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
• 7.2 US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Market Size by Application
  • 7.2.1 US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Application (2019-2030)
  • 7.2.2 US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
• 7.3 US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Market Size by Country
  • 7.3.1 US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  • 7.3.2 US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Country (2019-2030)
  • 7.3.3 US & Canada Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Country (2019-2030)
  • 7.3.4 US
  • 7.3.5 Canada

8 Europe

• 8.1 Europe Heated Water Nozzle Market Size by Type
  • 8.1.1 Europe Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Type (2019-2030)
  • 8.1.2 Europe Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
• 8.2 Europe Heated Water Nozzle Market Size by Application
  • 8.2.1 Europe Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Application (2019-2030)
  • 8.2.2 Europe Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
• 8.3 Europe Heated Water Nozzle Market Size by Country
  • 8.3.1 Europe Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  • 8.3.2 Europe Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Country (2019-2030)
  • 8.3.3 Europe Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Country (2019-2030)
  • 8.3.4 Germany
  • 8.3.5 France
  • 8.3.6 U.K.
  • 8.3.7 Italy
  • 8.3.8 Russia

9 China

• 9.1 China Heated Water Nozzle Market Size by Type
  • 9.1.1 China Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Type (2019-2030)
  • 9.1.2 China Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
• 9.2 China Heated Water Nozzle Market Size by Application
  • 9.2.1 China Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Application (2019-2030)
  • 9.2.2 China Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Application (2019-2030)

10 Asia (excluding China)

• 10.1 Asia Heated Water Nozzle Market Size by Type
  • 10.1.1 Asia Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Type (2019-2030)
  • 10.1.2 Asia Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
• 10.2 Asia Heated Water Nozzle Market Size by Application
  • 10.2.1 Asia Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Application (2019-2030)
  • 10.2.2 Asia Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
• 10.3 Asia Heated Water Nozzle Market Size by Region
  • 10.3.1 Asia Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  • 10.3.2 Asia Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Region (2019-2030)
  • 10.3.3 Asia Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Region (2019-2030)
  • 10.3.4 Japan
  • 10.3.5 South Korea
  • 10.3.6 China Taiwan
  • 10.3.7 Southeast Asia
  • 10.3.8 India

11 Middle East, Africa and Latin America

• 11.1 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Market Size by Type
  • 11.1.1 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Type (2019-2030)
  • 11.1.2 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
• 11.2 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Market Size by Application
  • 11.2.1 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Application (2019-2030)
  • 11.2.2 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
• 11.3 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Market Size by Country
  • 11.3.1 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  • 11.3.2 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Revenue by Country (2019-2030)
  • 11.3.3 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Heated Water Nozzle Sales by Country (2019-2030)
  • 11.3.4 Brazil
  • 11.3.5 Mexico
  • 11.3.6 Turkey
  • 11.3.7 Israel
  • 11.3.8 GCC Countries

12 Corporate Profile

• 12.1 Valeo
  • 12.1.1 Valeo Corporation Information
  • 12.1.2 Valeo Overview
  • 12.1.3 Valeo Heated Water Nozzle Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  • 12.1.4 Valeo Heated Water Nozzle Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
  • 12.1.5 Valeo Recent Developments
• 12.2 Bosch
  • 12.2.1 Bosch Corporation Information
  • 12.2.2 Bosch Overview
  • 12.2.3 Bosch Heated Water Nozzle Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  • 12.2.4 Bosch Heated Water Nozzle Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
  • 12.2.5 Bosch Recent Developments
• 12.3 SOFT99
  • 12.3.1 SOFT99 Corporation Information
  • 12.3.2 SOFT99 Overview
  • 12.3.3 SOFT99 Heated Water Nozzle Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  • 12.3.4 SOFT99 Heated Water Nozzle Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
  • 12.3.5 SOFT99 Recent Developments
• 12.4 Denso
  • 12.4.1 Denso Corporation Information
  • 12.4.2 Denso Overview
  • 12.4.3 Denso Heated Water Nozzle Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  • 12.4.4 Denso Heated Water Nozzle Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
  • 12.4.5 Denso Recent Developments
• 12.5 HEYNER
  • 12.5.1 HEYNER Corporation Information
  • 12.5.2 HEYNER Overview
  • 12.5.3 HEYNER Heated Water Nozzle Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  • 12.5.4 HEYNER Heated Water Nozzle Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
  • 12.5.5 HEYNER Recent Developments
• 12.6 Mitsuba
  • 12.6.1 Mitsuba Corporation Information
  • 12.6.2 Mitsuba Overview
  • 12.6.3 Mitsuba Heated Water Nozzle Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  • 12.6.4 Mitsuba Heated Water Nozzle Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
  • 12.6.5 Mitsuba Recent Developments
• 12.7 ITW
  • 12.7.1 ITW Corporation Information
  • 12.7.2 ITW Overview
  • 12.7.3 ITW Heated Water Nozzle Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  • 12.7.4 ITW Heated Water Nozzle Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
  • 12.7.5 ITW Recent Developments
• 12.8 Hella
  • 12.8.1 Hella Corporation Information
  • 12.8.2 Hella Overview
  • 12.8.3 Hella Heated Water Nozzle Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  • 12.8.4 Hella Heated Water Nozzle Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
  • 12.8.5 Hella Recent Developments

13 Industry Chain and Sales Channels Analysis

• 13.1 Heated Water Nozzle Industry Chain Analysis
• 13.2 Heated Water Nozzle Key Raw Materials
  • 13.2.1 Key Raw Materials
  • 13.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
• 13.3 Heated Water Nozzle Production Mode & Process
• 13.4 Heated Water Nozzle Sales and Marketing
  • 13.4.1 Heated Water Nozzle Sales Channels
  • 13.4.2 Heated Water Nozzle Distributors
• 13.5 Heated Water Nozzle Customers

14 Heated Water Nozzle Market Dynamics

• 14.1 Heated Water Nozzle Industry Trends
• 14.2 Heated Water Nozzle Market Drivers
• 14.3 Heated Water Nozzle Market Challenges
• 14.4 Heated Water Nozzle Market Restraints

15 Key Findings in the Global Heated Water Nozzle Study

16 Appendix

• 16.1 Research Methodology
  • 16.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
    • 16.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design
    • 16.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation
    • 16.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
  • 16.1.2 Data Source
    • 16.1.2.1 Secondary Sources
    • 16.1.2.2 Primary Sources
• 16.2 Author Details
• 16.3 Disclaimer