リチウム空気電池の世界市場：2024-2031年

世界のリチウム空気電池市場規模、シェア、動向分析レポート：タイプ別（非プロトン性、水性、固体、水性-非プロトン混合）、エンドユーザー別（自動車、コンシューマーエレクトロニクス、エネルギー貯蔵、その他）予測期間（2024-2031年）

世界のリチウム空気電池市場は、予測期間中にCAGR7.2%で成長すると予測されます。最近の動向を考慮すると、リチウム空気電池は、電気自動車（EV）、航空機、グリッド電力などのさまざまな分野で、エネルギー貯蔵技術の大きな進歩を表しています。内部の金属酸化物に依存する従来のリチウムイオン電池とは異なり、リチウム空気電池は大気中の酸素を利用するため、理論的には5倍から10倍高いエネルギー密度が得られます。この容量の増加は、再生可能エネルギーの統合、送電網の近代化、持続可能な輸送など、さまざまな用途におけるエネルギー需要の増大に対応するものです。さらに、無害な材料の使用やクローズドループ運転の可能性など、リチウム空気電池の環境面での利点が、市場のさらなる成長に寄与しています。

世界的には、エネルギー需要の増加、環境問題の高まり、地政学的要因など、複数の要因がリチウム空気電池への関心を高めています。しかし、その可能性とは裏腹に、これらの電池には耐久性、効率、安全性への懸念など複数の技術的課題があり、エンドユーザー産業での一般的な採用を妨げる大きな障害となっています。これらの課題に対処するため、現在進行中の研究開発では、安定性と効率を高めるための固体電解質やナノ構造触媒などの材料研究に重点を置いています。こうしたハードルにもかかわらず、その利点を考慮すると、リチウム空気電池は複数のエンドユーザー産業において大きな市場機会をもたらしています。

セグメント別展望

自動車産業が世界のリチウム空気電池産業に最も貢献

技術の中では、自動車産業が世界のリチウム空気電池市場で最も高いシェアを占めています。リチウム空気電池は、現在のリチウムイオン電池に比べてエネルギー密度が高くなる可能性があり、理論上の容量は、EV自動車メーカーや消費者の間で大きな問題となっている電気自動車の走行距離を2倍から3倍にできる可能性があります。世界のEV市場は大きく成長しており、改良型バッテリーへの需要が高まっています。大手自動車メーカーや研究機関は、バッテリー技術に多額の投資を行っており、電気自動車の航続距離500マイルを目標とするIBMの「バッテリー500」のようなイニシアティブでは、リチウム空気が大きな可能性を示す分野であるエネルギー密度の改善に焦点を当てています。

この技術は自動車産業において大きな可能性を秘めていますが、リチウム空気電池の安定性や耐久性の問題、効果的な空気管理システムの必要性、リチウムイオン電池に比べて高い反応性と可燃性といった技術的な懸念があり、商業化前に厳格な安全対策が必要なことが、市場全体の成長を妨げています。

地域別展望

世界のリチウム空気電池市場は、北米（米国、カナダ）、欧州（英国、イタリア、スペイン、ドイツ、フランス、その他欧州地域）、アジア太平洋（インド、中国、日本、韓国、その他アジア地域）、世界のその他の地域（中東・アフリカ、南米）を含む地域別にさらに細分化されています。地域別では、欧州のリチウム空気電池市場が予測期間中に大きく成長すると予想されます。これは主に、地域経済が持続可能なソリューションに重点を置くようになり、最終的にエネルギー貯蔵とEVを中心としたエンドユーザー産業の成長を牽引しているためです。同地域における持続可能なエネルギー生産への投資の高まりも、強力なエネルギー貯蔵インフラへの需要を促進しています。欧州エネルギー貯蔵協会のデータによると、2030年までに約200GWの目標を達成するためには、貯蔵の導入を最低でも年間14GWまで増やす必要があります。2050年を見据えた場合、エネルギーシステムには少なくとも600GWの蓄電容量が必要となり、この需要の3分の2以上は、エネルギーシフト技術、特に電力間アプリケーションによって満たされることになります。また、欧州はEVで2番目に大きな市場であり、2022年の年間販売台数は15％以上増加します。同地域のエンドユーザー産業の成長に伴い、同地域の官民両組織はリチウム空気電池技術の研究開発にますます注力するようになっており、最終的に市場全体の成長を牽引しています。例えば、2023年5月、ハイルブロンにあるIolitec Ionic Liquids Technologiesが、パートナーであるオルデンブルク大学、MEET Battery Research Centre、Fraunhofer IFAMとともに主導する110万ユーロ（119万米ドル）のAMaLiS 2.0プロジェクトは、リチウム空気電池の安定性強化に取り組んでいます。同社によれば、このプロジェクトは正極と負極を分離する膜の設計に重点を置いており、それぞれの側で異なる電解質を使用することを可能にしています。ミュンスター大学のMEET電池研究センターとの共同研究によるこの分離層の開発により、電解質の選択肢が広がると期待されています。

リチウム空気電池の世界市場はアジア太平洋が最も高い成長率を示すと予想される

アジア太平洋は、いくつかの重要な要因により、予測期間中に最も高いCAGRで成長しています。主な要因のひとつは、電化の進展、効率的な電力貯蔵に対する需要、民間および公的機関による地域のエネルギー・インフラ整備への投資の拡大です。アジア開発銀行のデータによると、2016年から2021年にかけて、アジア太平洋では約3億8,000万人が電気を利用できるようになります。この期間に人口が1億8,000万人増加したにもかかわらず、電化率は94.0％から98.6％に急上昇しました。2021年までに、都市部は99.8％とほぼ普遍的なアクセスを達成し、農村部は97.7％と着実に格差を縮めています。さらに、この地域は世界のEV販売・生産において大きなシェアを占めています。同出典によると、2022年には中国が世界最大のEV市場となり、世界のEV販売台数の60.0％を占めました。主要市場以外では、EVの販売台数は概して低いですが、2022年にはインド、タイ、インドネシアで大きな伸びが見られました。これらの国の電気自動車販売台数を合計すると、2021年の3倍以上となり、合計8万台に達しました。タイでは、2022年の総販売台数に占める電気自動車の割合は3%をわずかに超えましたが、インドとインドネシアは年間を通じて平均1.5%前後を維持しました。インドでは、政府の32億米ドルのインセンティブ・プログラムが総額83億米ドルの投資を誘致し、EVと部品製造が成長しています。これとは別に、中国やインドなどの主要地域経済諸国が、製造や研究開発などのバッテリー・エコシステムの開発に力を入れていることも、市場全体の成長に大きく貢献すると予想されます。

目次

第1章 レポート概要

• 業界の現状分析と成長ポテンシャルの展望
• 調査方法とツール
• 市場内訳
  • セグメント別
  • 地域別

第2章 市場概要と洞察

• 調査範囲
• アナリストの洞察と現在の市場動向
  • 主な調査結果
  • 推奨事項
  • 結論

第3章 競合情勢

• 主要企業分析
• Tesla Inc.
  • 概要
  • 財務分析
  • SWOT分析
• Mullen Technologies Inc.
  • 概要
  • 財務分析
  • SWOT分析
  • 最近の動向
• 主要戦略分析

第4章 市場セグメンテーション

• リチウム空気電池の世界市場：タイプ別
  • 滅菌
  • 水性
  • 固体
  • 水性-非水性混合
• リチウム空気電池の世界市場：エンドユーザー別
  • 自動車
  • コンシューマーエレクトロニクス
  • エネルギー貯蔵
  • その他（航空宇宙・防衛、医療機器）

第5章 地域別分析

• 北米
  • 米国
  • カナダ
• 欧州
  • 英国
  • ドイツ
  • イタリア
  • スペイン
  • フランス
  • その他欧州
• アジア太平洋
  • 中国
  • インド
  • 日本
  • 韓国
  • その他アジア太平洋
• 世界のその他の地域

第6章 企業プロファイル

• Baker Hughes Com.
• Contemporary Amperex Technology
• EV Express, Inc.
• Fuji Pigment Co. Ltd.
• Lithium Air Industries Inc.
• MTI Corporation
• PolyPlus Battery Company（PPBC）
• Robert Bosch GmbH
• Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology（SAIT）
• Shenzhen Beide New Energy Technology Co., LTD
• Sion Power Corp.

LIST OF TABLES

• 1.GLOBAL LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY TYPE, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 2.GLOBAL APROTIC LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 3.GLOBAL AQUEOUS LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 4.GLOBAL SOLID-STATE LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 5.GLOBAL MIXED AQUEOUS-APROTIC LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 6.GLOBAL LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY END USER, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 7.GLOBAL LITHIUM AIR BATTERY IN AUTOMOTIVE MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 8.GLOBAL LITHIUM AIR BATTERY IN CONSUMER ELECTRONICS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 9.GLOBAL LITHIUM AIR BATTERY IN ENERGY STORAGE MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 10.GLOBAL LITHIUM AIR BATTERY IN OTHER MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 11.NORTH AMERICAN LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY COUNTRY, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 12.NORTH AMERICAN LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY TYPE, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 13.NORTH AMERICAN LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY END USER, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 14.EUROPEAN LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY COUNTRY, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 15.EUROPEAN LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY TYPE, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 16.EUROPEAN LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY END USER, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 17.ASIA-PACIFIC LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY COUNTRY, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 18.ASIA-PACIFIC LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY TYPE, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 19.ASIA-PACIFIC LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY END USER, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 20.REST OF THE WORLD LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 21.REST OF THE WORLD LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY TYPE, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 22.REST OF THE WORLD LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY END USER, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)

LIST OF FIGURES

• 1.GLOBAL LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET SHARE BY TYPE, 2023 VS 2031 (%)

2.GLOBAL APROTIC LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2023 VS 2031 (%)

• 3.GLOBAL AQUEOUS LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2023 VS 2031 (%)
• 4.GLOBAL SOLID-STATE LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2023 VS 2031 (%)
• 5.GLOBAL MIXED AQUEOUS-APROTIC LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2023 VS 2031 (%)
• 6.GLOBAL LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET SHARE BY END USER, 2023 VS 2031 (%)
• 7.GLOBAL LITHIUM AIR BATTERY IN AUTOMOTIVE MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2023 VS 2031 (%)
• 8.GLOBAL LITHIUM AIR BATTERY IN CONSUMER ELECTRONICS MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2023 VS 2031 (%)
• 9.GLOBAL LITHIUM AIR BATTERY IN ENERGY STORAGE MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2023 VS 2031 (%)
• 10.GLOBAL LITHIUM AIR BATTERY IN OTHER MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2023 VS 2031 (%)
• 11.GLOBAL LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2023 VS 2031 (%)
• 12.US LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET SIZE, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 13.CANADA LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET SIZE, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 14.UK LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET SIZE, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 15.FRANCE LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET SIZE, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 16.GERMANY LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET SIZE, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 17.ITALY LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET SIZE, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 18.SPAIN LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET SIZE, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 19.REST OF EUROPE LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET SIZE, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 20.INDIA LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET SIZE, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 21.CHINA LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET SIZE, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 22.JAPAN LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET SIZE, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 23.SOUTH KOREA LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET SIZE, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 24.REST OF ASIA-PACIFIC LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET SIZE, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 25.LATIN AMERICA LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET SIZE, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)
• 26.THE MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA LITHIUM AIR BATTERY MARKET SIZE, 2023-2031 ($ MILLION)

Global Lithium-air Battery Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report by Type (Aprotic, Aqueous, Solid-State, and Mixed Aqueous-Aprotic), and by End-User (Automotive, Consumer Electronics, Energy Storage, and Others) Forecast Period (2024-2031)

The global lithium-air battery market is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 7.2% during the forecast period. Considering recent developments, Lithium-air batteries represent a significant advancement in energy storage technology, in various sectors such as electric vehicles (EV), aircraft, and grid power. Unlike traditional lithium-ion batteries, which rely on internal metal oxides, lithium-air batteries utilize atmospheric oxygen, theoretically providing 5 to 10 times higher energy density. This growth in capacity addresses the growing demand for energy in a variety of applications, including renewable energy integration, grid modernization, and sustainable transportation. Additionally, the environmental advantages of lithium-air batteries, such as the use of non-toxic materials and the potential for closed-loop operation, are contributing to its further market growth.

Globally, multiple factors are driving interest in lithium-air batteries including growing energy needs, rising environmental concerns, and geopolitical factors. However, despite their potential, these batteries encounter multiple technical challenges such as durability, efficiency, and safety concerns pose significant obstacles hindering general adoption by end-user industries. To address these challenges, ongoing R&D efforts are focused on material research, such as solid-state electrolytes and nanostructured catalysts, to enhance stability and efficiency. Despite these hurdles, considering its advantages, the lithium-air battery presents significant market opportunities in multiple end-user industries.

Segmental Outlook

The global lithium air battery market is segmented by type and end user. By type, the market is sub-segmented into aprotic, aqueous, solid-state and mixed aqueous-aprotic type. By end user, the market is sub-segmented into automotive, consumer electronics, energy storage and other (aerospace and defence, medical devices) end users. Among end-users, the energy storage sector presents significant opportunities for the global lithium air battery market owing to significant growth in sustainable energy generation, investments in smart grid infrastructure, importance of energy security primarily due to rising geopolitical tensions among others. As per the data from the International Energy Agency (IEA), in 2022, China took the lead in adding grid-scale battery storage, installing nearly 5 GW annually, followed by the US, commissioning 4 GW throughout the year. Also, the Inflation Reduction Act passed in August 2022, incorporates an investment tax credit specifically for stand-alone storage, indicating a potential for increased deployments in the coming years.

Automotive Industry Contribute the Highest to the Global Lithium Air Battery Industry

Among the techniques, the automotive industry contributes the highest share in the global lithium-air battery market. Lithium-air batteries present the potential for higher energy densities compared to current lithium-ion batteries, with theoretical capacities that could potentially double or triple the driving range of electric vehicles which is a major problem among EV automakers and consumers. The global EV market is growing significantly, leading to an increased demand for improved batteries, eventually driving the progression of lithium-air technology. Major automotive manufacturers and research institutions are heavily investing in battery technology, with initiatives such as IBM's Battery 500, which targets a 500-mile electric vehicle range, focusing on the improvements of energy density, an area where lithium-air displays considerable promise.

Although the technology presents significant potential in the automotive industry, technical concerns such as stability and durability issues with lithium-air batteries, along with the need for effective air management systems, higher reactivity and flammability of lithium-air batteries compared to lithium-ion, necessitating stringent safety measures before commercialization are hindering overall market growth.

Regional Outlook

The global lithium air battery market is further segmented based on geography including North America (the US, and Canada), Europe (UK, Italy, Spain, Germany, France, and the Rest of Europe), Asia-Pacific (India, China, Japan, South Korea, and Rest of Asia), and the Rest of the World (the Middle East & Africa, and Latin America). Among regions, the European lithium-air battery market is expected to grow significantly during the forecasting period primarily due to the growing focus on sustainable solutions by regional economies, eventually driving growth in end-user industries mainly in energy storage and EVs. Growing investments in sustainable energy production in the region are also driving demand for strong energy storage infrastructure. As per the data from the European Association for Storage of Energy, to achieve a target of approximately 200 GW by 2030, the deployment of storage must increase to a minimum of 14 GW per year. Looking ahead to 2050, the energy system will require a storage capacity of at least 600 GW, with more than two-thirds of this demand being fulfilled by energy-shifting technologies, specifically power-to-power applications. Also, Europe was the second largest market in EVs with annual sales increasing by over 15% in 2022. With the growth of end-user industries in the region, both public and private organizations in the region are increasingly focusing on R&D of lithium-air battery technology, eventually driving overall market growth. For instance, in May 2023, the €1.1 million ($1.19 million) AMaLiS 2.0 project, led by Iolitec Ionic Liquids Technologies in Heilbronn along with partners University of Oldenburg, MEET Battery Research Centre, and Fraunhofer IFAM, is working to enhance the stability of lithium-air batteries. As per the company, the project focuses on designing a membrane to separate positive and negative electrodes, allowing for the use of different electrolytes on each side. The development of this separating layer, in collaboration with the MEET Battery Research Centre at the University of Munster, is expected to broaden electrolyte options.

Asia Pacific is Expected to Grow at the Highest Rate in Global Lithium-Air Batteries Market

Among the regions, the Asia Pacific region is growing at the highest CAGR in the forecasting period owing to several pivotal factors. One of the key factors is growing electrification, demand for efficient power storage, and growing investments in the development of regional energy infrastructure from both private and public organizations. As per the data from the Asian Development Bank, from 2016 to 2021, approximately 380 million individuals in Asia-Pacific obtained electricity access. Despite a population growth of 180 million during this timeframe, the electrification rate surged from 94.0% to 98.6%. By 2021, urban areas achieved nearly universal access at 99.8%, and rural regions are steadily narrowing the gap, reaching 97.7%. Additionally, the region has a significant share in global EV sales and production. As per the same source, in 2022, China was the largest EV market globally, accounting for 60.0% of global EV sales. Outside major markets, EV sales have generally been low, but there was significant growth in 2022 in India, Thailand, and Indonesia. Combined, the sales of electric cars in these countries more than triple compared to 2021, reaching a total of 80,000 units. In Thailand, electric cars constituted slightly over 3% of total sales in 2022, while both India and Indonesia maintained an average of around 1.5% throughout the year. India is experiencing growth in EV and component manufacturing, driven by the government's $ 3.2 billion incentive program, which has attracted investments totalling $8.3 billion. Apart from this, the growing focus on the development of battery ecosystems such as manufacturing, and R&D by major regional economies such as China, and India is expected to contribute significantly to overall market growth.

Market Players Outlook

The major companies serving the global Lithium-air battery market are PolyPlus Battery Company (PPBC), Lithium Air Industries Inc., and Sion Power Corp. among others. The market players are considerably contributing to the market growth by the adoption of various strategies including mergers and acquisitions, partnerships, collaborations, funding, and new product launches, to stay competitive in the market.

The Report Covers:

• Market value data analysis of 2023 and forecast to 2031.
• Annualized market revenues ($ million) for each market segment.
• Country-wise analysis of major geographical regions.
• Key companies operating in the lithium air battery market. Based on the availability of data, information related to new product launches, and relevant news is also available in the report.
• Analysis of business strategies by identifying the key market segments positioned for strong growth in the future.
• Analysis of market-entry and market expansion strategies.
• Competitive strategies by identifying 'who-stands-where' in the market.

Table of Contents

1.Report Summary

• Current Industry Analysis and Growth Potential Outlook
• 1.1.Research Methods and Tools
• 1.2.Market Breakdown
  • 1.2.1.By Segments
  • 1.2.2.By Region

2.Market Overview and Insights

• 2.1.Scope of the Report
• 2.2.Analyst Insight & Current Market Trends
  • 2.2.1.Key Findings
  • 2.2.2.Recommendations
  • 2.2.3.Conclusion

3.Competitive Landscape

• 3.1.Key Company Analysis
• 3.2.Tesla Inc.
  • 3.2.1.Overview
  • 3.2.2.Financial Analysis
  • 3.2.3.SWOT Analysis
• 3.3.Mullen Technologies Inc.
  • 3.3.1.Overview
  • 3.3.2.Financial Analysis
  • 3.3.3.SWOT Analysis
  • 3.3.4.Recent Developments
• 3.4.Key Strategy Analysis

4.Market Segmentation

• 4.1.Global Lithium Air Battery Market by Type
  • 4.1.1.Aprotic
  • 4.1.2.Aqueous
  • 4.1.3.Solid-state
  • 4.1.4.Mixed aqueous-aprotic
• 4.2.Global Lithium Air Battery Market by End-user
  • 4.2.1.Automotive
  • 4.2.2.Consumer Electronics
  • 4.2.3.Energy Storage
  • 4.2.4.Other(Aerospace and Defense, Medical Devices)

5.Regional Analysis

• 5.1.North America
  • 5.1.1.United States
  • 5.1.2.Canada
• 5.2.Europe
  • 5.2.1.UK
  • 5.2.2.Germany
  • 5.2.3.Italy
  • 5.2.4.Spain
  • 5.2.5.France
  • 5.2.6.Rest of Europe
• 5.3.Asia-Pacific
  • 5.3.1.China
  • 5.3.2.India
  • 5.3.3.Japan
  • 5.3.4.South Korea
  • 5.3.5.Rest of Asia-Pacific
• 5.4.Rest of the World

6.Company Profiles

• 6.1.Baker Hughes Com.
• 6.2.Contemporary Amperex Technology
• 6.3.EV Express, Inc.
• 6.4.Fuji Pigment Co. Ltd.
• 6.5.Lithium Air Industries Inc.
• 6.6.MTI Corporation
• 6.7.PolyPlus Battery Company (PPBC)
• 6.8.Robert Bosch GmbH
• 6.9.Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT)
• 6.10.Shenzhen Beide New Energy Technology Co., LTD
• 6.11.Sion Power Corp.