ポストバイオティクスの世界市場：機能別、製造技術別、由来別、用途別、形態別、地域別 - 2030年までの予測

ポストバイオティクスの市場規模は2025年に1億4,670万米ドルと推定され、8.9%のCAGRで拡大し、2030年には2億2,480万米ドルに達すると予測されています。

世界のポストバイオティクス市場は、腸の健康、免疫サポートに対する消費者の意識の高まり、クリーンラベルで保存可能な原料への需要に後押しされ、大きな牽引力となっています。また、機能性食品・飲料製品に対する需要の高まりも、これらの用途におけるポストバイオティクス成分の使用需要を促進すると予想されます。機能性食品・飲料分野は、健康を増進する日用品への消費者の嗜好の変化により、爆発的な成長を遂げています。免疫力、消化力、エネルギー、精神的明晰さをサポートする成分を強化した食品は、特に新興国市場では今や主流となっています。

コールドチェーン物流を必要とし、加工条件下で効力を失う可能性のあるプロバイオティクスとは異なり、ポストバイオティクスは熱に強く、保存がきくため、飲料、高タンパク質バー、発酵乳製品、代替食品に理想的です。腸の健康や免疫調整におけるポストバイオティクスの効果が証明されているため、ブランドは科学的裏付けのある謳い文句をパッケージに記載することができ、消費者の信頼を高め、採用を促進することができます。しかし、消費者はプロバイオティクスやプレバイオティクスに比べてポストバイオティクスに馴染みが薄いため、ポストバイオティクス市場ではプロバイオティクスやプレバイオティクスといった既存の代替品との競合が課題となることが予想されます。

ポストバイオティクス原料市場は、微生物科学の開発、規制勢力の変化、安全で安定した健康原料へのニーズの高まりによって破壊されつつあります。ポストバイオティクス、すなわち生存不可能な微生物細胞やその代謝産物は、安全性、保存安定性、製剤の柔軟性が向上したため、プロバイオティクスの次世代代替品として人気が高まっています。この変化は、機能性食品、栄養補助食品、化粧品、ペット栄養などの用途において特に顕著であり、ポストバイオティクスは生きたプロバイオティクスよりも際立った利点を提供します。発酵技術と微生物不活性化の開発により、開発者は、腸の健康、免疫機能、皮膚のバリア機能といった特殊な健康上のメリットを提供する、カスタマイズされた菌株特異的なポストバイオティクス成分を作り出すことができるようになっています。

市場はまた、プロバイオティクス、プレバイオティクス、ポストバイオティクスを組み合わせたシンバイオティクス製品など、新たな形態やブレンド製品によって形成されつつあります。ポストバイオティクスは、動物栄養学では抗生物質成長促進剤の機能的代替品となりつつあるが、パーソナルケアでは微生物主導のスキンケアで従来の活性剤を覆しつつあります。このように、個別化栄養学とマイクロバイオーム検査の成長もポストバイオティクス・ソリューションの創出を可能にし、市場の進化と差別化をさらに促進しています。

栄養補助食品は、積極的な健康管理や予防的な健康法に対する消費者の需要の高まりに応える成長分野です。様々な機能的利点に対応し、一般的な健康を促進するため、ポストバイオティクス製品は、保存期間が長い、冷蔵の必要がない、乳幼児や高齢者のような敏感な集団に適しているなど、プロバイオティクスよりも主要な利点を提供するように設計されています。消費者の意識と予防的健康対策の採用は、栄養補助食品の台頭を促進する主要な要因です。最適な健康を維持し、慢性疾患のリスクを低下させるため、セルフケア重視の高まりとヘルスケアコストの上昇の結果、多くの人々がサプリメントに目を向けています。その結果、栄養補助食品市場は大きく成長し、さまざまな健康問題に対処する幅広い製品を提供しています。

酵母から供給されるポストバイオティクスは、動物栄養産業において、特に病原体によるプレッシャー、熱ストレス、高い飼養密度、抗生物質の使用削減の推進といった課題の増加に直面する中で、大きなチャンスを秘めています。酵母由来のポストバイオティクスは、家禽や水生動物、ペットなどの家畜に様々な健康上のメリットをもたらします。腸の健康をサポートし、飼料効率を向上させ、免疫力を高めるのに役立ちます。さらに、業界が動物の福祉と生産性を維持するための自然な解決策にシフトしているため、抗生物質に頼ることなく動物の全体的な幸福を向上させるために、酵母ベースのポストバイオティクスが使用されるようになってきています。

米国市場はポストバイオティクスの世界最大市場の一つです。米国の消費者は、予防ヘルスケアと栄養の重要性が高まるにつれて、特定の健康効果をもたらす機能性食品素材への関心を高めています。このようなニーズは、人口の高齢化、ヘルスケア費用の増大、栄養と健康の関連性に対する意識の高まりといった要因によってもたらされています。さらに、生産者は、技術向上と食品加工手順の革新により、幅広い消費者の嗜好を満たすようにカスタマイズされた多種多様なポストバイオティクス製品を作ることができるようになっています。こうした要因が、同地域におけるポストバイオティクスの需要を促進すると予想されます。

当レポートでは、世界のポストバイオティクス市場について調査し、機能別、製造技術別、由来別、用途別、形態別、地域別動向、および市場に参入する企業のプロファイルなどをまとめています。

目次

第1章 イントロダクション

第2章 調査手法

第3章 エグゼクティブサマリー

第4章 重要考察

第5章 市場概要

• イントロダクション
• マクロ経済指標
• 市場力学
• 生成AIが飲食品の原料・添加物に与える影響

第6章 業界動向

• イントロダクション
  • 2025年の米国関税の影響 - ポストバイオティクス市場
  • イントロダクション
  • 主要関税率
  • 微生物原料産業とポストバイオティクスの破壊的変化
  • 価格影響分析
  • 国/地域への影響
  • 最終用途産業への影響
• バリューチェーン分析
  • 研究と製品開発
  • 原材料調達
  • 生産と加工
  • 流通
  • マーケティング・営業
  • エンドユーザー
• 貿易分析
• 技術分析
• 価格分析
• エコシステム分析
• 顧客ビジネスに影響を与える動向/混乱
• 特許分析
• 2025年～2026年の主な会議とイベント
• 規制状況
• ポーターのファイブフォース分析
• 主要な利害関係者と購入基準
• ケーススタディ分析
  • DSM-FIRMENICH、ADARE BIOME買収によるポストバイオティクスへの戦略的飛躍
  • ADM、スペインのプロバイオティクスおよびポストバイオティクス生産施設に3,000万米ドルを投資
  • カーギルによるエピコール・ポストバイオティック成分の買収とスケールアップ
• 投資と資金調達のシナリオ

第7章 ポストバイオティクス市場（機能別）

• イントロダクション
• 消化器系の健康
• 腸の健康
• 免疫の健康
• 肌の健康
• 心臓の健康
• その他

第8章 ポストバイオティクス市場（製造技術別）

• イントロダクション
• 加熱不活化
• スプレー乾燥
• 凍結乾燥
• その他の製造技術

第9章 ポストバイオティクス市場（由来別）

• イントロダクション
• 細菌
• 酵母

第10章 ポストバイオティクス市場（用途別）

• イントロダクション
• 機能性食品・飲料
• 栄養補助食品
• 動物飼料
• 化粧品・パーソナルケア
• 医薬品

第11章 ポストバイオティクス市場（形態別）

• イントロダクション
• ドライ
• 液体

第12章 ポストバイオティクス市場（地域別）

• イントロダクション
• 北米
  • 米国
  • カナダ
  • メキシコ
• 欧州
  • ドイツ
  • 英国
  • フランス
  • イタリア
  • スペイン
  • その他
• アジア太平洋
  • 中国
  • 日本
  • インド
  • オーストラリアとニュージーランド
  • その他
• その他の地域
  • 南米
  • 中東
  • アフリカ

第13章 競合情勢

• 概要
• 主要参入企業の戦略/強み、2022年～2025年7月
• 収益分析、2022年～2024年
• 市場シェア分析、2024年
• 企業評価と財務指標
• ブランド/製品比較
• 企業評価マトリックス：主要参入企業、2024年
• 企業評価マトリックス：スタートアップ/中小企業、2024年
• 競合シナリオ

第14章 企業プロファイル

• 主要参入企業
  • ADM
  • CARGILL, INCORPORATED
  • DSM-FIRMENICH
  • KERRY GROUP PLC
  • ASSOCIATED BRITISH FOODS PLC
  • BASF
  • NOVONESIS GROUP
  • INTERNATIONAL FLAVORS & FRAGRANCES INC.
  • MCLS EUROPE B.V.
  • PHILEO BY LESAFFRE
  • LALLEMAND INC.
  • SAMI-SABINSA GROUP
  • CJ CHEILJEDANG CORP.
  • MORINAGA MILK INDUSTRY CO., LTD.
  • KIRIN HOLDINGS COMPANY, LIMITED
• その他の企業
  • BIOTENOVA SDN. BHD.
  • BIOPROX HEALTHCARE
  • SILAB
  • PROBIONIC CORP.
  • NUTRIGNOMIX SDN. BHD.
  • STRATUM NUTRITION
  • BBT BIOTECH GMBH
  • VERDESIAN LIFE SCIENCES
  • SYNBIO TECH INC.
  • NEO CREMAR

第15章 隣接市場と関連市場

第16章 付録

List of Tables

• TABLE 1 USD EXCHANGE RATES, 2020-2024
• TABLE 2 POSTBIOTICS MARKET SNAPSHOT, 2025 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 3 US ADJUSTED RECIPROCAL TARIFF RATES
• TABLE 4 EXPECTED IMPACT LEVEL ON TARGET INGREDIENTS WITH RELEVANT HS CODES DUE TO US TARIFF IMPACT
• TABLE 5 EXPECTED TARIFF IMPACT ON END-USE INDUSTRIES: POSTBIOTICS MARKET
• TABLE 6 IMPORT SCENARIO FOR HS CODE: 3002, BY COUNTRY, 2020-2024 (TONS)
• TABLE 7 EXPORT SCENARIO FOR HS CODE: 3002, BY COUNTRY, 2020-2024 (TONS)
• TABLE 8 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE OF POSTBIOTIC PRODUCTS, BY KEY PLAYER, 2024 (USD)
• TABLE 9 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF POSTBIOTICS, BY REGION, 2021-2024 (USD/KG)
• TABLE 10 POSTBIOTIC MARKET: ROLE OF COMPANIES IN ECOSYSTEM
• TABLE 11 LIST OF MAJOR PATENTS PERTAINING TO POSTBIOTICS MARKET, 2022-2025
• TABLE 12 POSTBIOTICS MARKET: LIST OF KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2025-2026
• TABLE 13 NORTH AMERICA: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
• TABLE 14 EUROPE: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
• TABLE 15 ASIA PACIFIC: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
• TABLE 16 SOUTH AMERICA: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
• TABLE 17 REST OF THE WORLD: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
• TABLE 18 PORTER'S FIVE FORCES IMPACT ON POSTBIOTICS MARKET
• TABLE 19 INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS FOR KEY APPLICATIONS
• TABLE 20 KEY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING SUPPLIERS/VENDORS
• TABLE 21 POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 22 POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 23 POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2021-2024 (TONS)
• TABLE 24 POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2025-2030 (TONS)
• TABLE 25 BACTERIA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY REGION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 26 BACTERIA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 27 BACTERIA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY REGION, 2021-2024 (TONS)
• TABLE 28 BACTERIA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (TONS)
• TABLE 29 BACTERIA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 30 BACTERIA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 31 YEAST: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY REGION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 32 YEAST: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 33 YEAST: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY REGION, 2021-2024 (TONS)
• TABLE 34 YEAST: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (TONS)
• TABLE 35 YEAST: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 36 YEAST: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 37 POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 38 POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 39 FUNCTIONAL FOOD & BEVERAGES: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY REGION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 40 FUNCTIONAL FOOD & BEVERAGES: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 41 DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY REGION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 42 DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 43 ANIMAL FEED: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY REGION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 44 ANIMAL FEED: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 45 COSMETICS & PERSONAL CARE: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY REGION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 46 COSMETICS & PERSONAL CARE: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 47 PHARMACEUTICALS: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY REGION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 48 PHARMACEUTICALS: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 49 POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY FORM, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 50 POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY FORM, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 51 DRY: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY REGION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 52 DRY: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 53 LIQUID: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY REGION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 54 LIQUID: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 55 POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY REGION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 56 POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 57 POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY REGION, 2021-2024 (TONS)
• TABLE 58 POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (TONS)
• TABLE 59 NORTH AMERICA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 60 NORTH AMERICA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 61 NORTH AMERICA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 62 NORTH AMERICA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 63 NORTH AMERICA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2021-2024 (TONS)
• TABLE 64 NORTH AMERICA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2025-2030 (TONS)
• TABLE 65 NORTH AMERICA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 66 NORTH AMERICA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 67 NORTH AMERICA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY FORM, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 68 NORTH AMERICA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY FORM, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 69 US: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 70 US: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 71 US: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 72 US: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 73 CANADA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 74 CANADA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 75 CANADA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 76 CANADA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 77 MEXICO: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 78 MEXICO: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 79 MEXICO: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 80 MEXICO: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 81 EUROPE: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 82 EUROPE: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 83 EUROPE: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 84 EUROPE: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 85 EUROPE: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2021-2024 (TONS)
• TABLE 86 EUROPE: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2025-2030 (TONS)
• TABLE 87 EUROPE: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 88 EUROPE: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 89 EUROPE: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY FORM, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 90 EUROPE: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY FORM, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 91 GERMANY: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 92 GERMANY: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 93 GERMANY: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 94 GERMANY: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 95 UK: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 96 UK: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 97 UK: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 98 UK: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 99 FRANCE: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 100 FRANCE: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 101 FRANCE: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 102 FRANCE: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 103 ITALY: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 104 ITALY: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 105 ITALY: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 106 ITALY: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 107 SPAIN: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 108 SPAIN: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 109 SPAIN: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 110 SPAIN: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 111 REST OF EUROPE: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 112 REST OF EUROPE: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 113 REST OF EUROPE: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 114 REST OF EUROPE: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 115 ASIA PACIFIC: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 116 ASIA PACIFIC: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 117 ASIA PACIFIC: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 118 ASIA PACIFIC: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 119 ASIA PACIFIC: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2021-2024 (TONS)
• TABLE 120 ASIA PACIFIC: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2025-2030 (TONS)
• TABLE 121 ASIA PACIFIC: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 122 ASIA PACIFIC: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 123 ASIA PACIFIC: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY FORM, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 124 ASIA PACIFIC: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY FORM, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 125 CHINA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 126 CHINA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 127 CHINA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 128 CHINA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 129 JAPAN: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 130 JAPAN: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 131 JAPAN: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 132 JAPAN: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 133 INDIA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 134 INDIA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 135 INDIA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 136 INDIA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 137 AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 138 AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 139 AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 140 AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 141 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 142 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 143 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 144 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 145 REST OF THE WORLD: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY REGION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 146 REST OF THE WORLD: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 147 REST OF THE WORLD: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 148 REST OF THE WORLD: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 149 REST OF THE WORLD: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2021-2024 (TONS)
• TABLE 150 REST OF THE WORLD: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2025-2030 (TONS)
• TABLE 151 REST OF THE WORLD: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 152 REST OF THE WORLD: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 153 REST OF THE WORLD: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY FORM, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 154 REST OF THE WORLD: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY FORM, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 155 SOUTH AMERICA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 156 SOUTH AMERICA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 157 SOUTH AMERICA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 158 SOUTH AMERICA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 159 MIDDLE EAST: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 160 MIDDLE EAST: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 161 MIDDLE EAST: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 162 MIDDLE EAST: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 163 AFRICA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 164 AFRICA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 165 AFRICA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021-2024 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 166 AFRICA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 167 OVERVIEW OF STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY KEY POSTBIOTICS MARKET PLAYERS, 2022-JULY 2025
• TABLE 168 PLANT-BASED PROTEIN MARKET: MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2024
• TABLE 169 POSTBIOTICS MARKET: REGIONAL FOOTPRINT
• TABLE 170 POSTBIOTICS MARKET: SOURCE FOOTPRINT
• TABLE 171 POSTBIOTICS MARKET: FORM FOOTPRINT
• TABLE 172 POSTBIOTICS MARKET: DETAILED LIST OF KEY STARTUPS/SMES
• TABLE 173 POSTBIOTICS MARKET: COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING OF KEY STARTUPS/SMES
• TABLE 174 POSTBIOTICS MARKET: PRODUCT LAUNCHES, JUNE 2022-MARCH 2025
• TABLE 175 POSTBIOTICS MARKET: DEALS, DECEMBER 2022-FEBRUARY 2025
• TABLE 176 POSTBIOTICS MARKET: EXPANSIONS, FEBRUARY 2020-NOVEMBER 2024
• TABLE 177 ADM: COMPANY OVERVIEW
• TABLE 178 ADM: PRODUCTS/SERVICES/SOLUTIONS OFFERED
• TABLE 179 ADM: DEALS
• TABLE 180 ADM: EXPANSIONS
• TABLE 181 ADM: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS
• TABLE 182 CARGILL, INCORPORATED: COMPANY OVERVIEW
• TABLE 183 CARGILL, INCORPORATED: PRODUCTS/SERVICES/SOLUTIONS OFFERED
• TABLE 184 CARGILL, INCORPORATED: DEALS
• TABLE 185 CARGILL, INCORPORATED: EXPANSIONS
• TABLE 186 CARGILL, INCORPORATED: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS
• TABLE 187 DSM-FIRMENICH: COMPANY OVERVIEW
• TABLE 188 DSM-FIRMENICH: PRODUCTS/SERVICES/SOLUTIONS OFFERED
• TABLE 189 DSM-FIRMENICH: DEALS
• TABLE 190 KERRY GROUP PLC: COMPANY OVERVIEW
• TABLE 191 KERRY GROUP PLC: PRODUCTS/SERVICES/SOLUTIONS OFFERED
• TABLE 192 KERRY GROUP PLC: PRODUCT LAUNCHES
• TABLE 193 KERRY GROUP PLC: DEALS
• TABLE 194 ASSOCIATED BRITISH FOODS PLC: COMPANY OVERVIEW
• TABLE 195 ASSOCIATED BRITISH FOODS PLC: PRODUCTS/SERVICES/SOLUTIONS OFFERED
• TABLE 196 ASSOCIATED BRITISH FOODS PLC: DEALS
• TABLE 197 BASF: COMPANY OVERVIEW
• TABLE 198 BASF: PRODUCTS/SERVICES/SOLUTIONS OFFERED
• TABLE 199 BASF: PRODUCT LAUNCHES
• TABLE 200 NOVONESIS GROUP: COMPANY OVERVIEW
• TABLE 201 NOVONESIS GROUP: PRODUCTS/SERVICES/SOLUTIONS OFFERED
• TABLE 202 INTERNATIONAL FLAVORS & FRAGRANCES INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW
• TABLE 203 INTERNATIONAL FLAVORS & FRAGRANCES INC.: PRODUCTS/SERVICES/ SOLUTIONS OFFERED
• TABLE 204 MCLS EUROPE B.V.: COMPANY OVERVIEW
• TABLE 205 MCLS EUROPE B.V.: PRODUCTS/SERVICES/SOLUTIONS OFFERED
• TABLE 206 PHILEO BY LESAFFRE: COMPANY OVERVIEW
• TABLE 207 PHILEO BY LESAFFRE: PRODUCTS/SERVICES/SOLUTIONS OFFERED
• TABLE 208 LALLEMAND INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW
• TABLE 209 LALLEMAND INC.: PRODUCTS/SERVICES/SOLUTIONS OFFERED
• TABLE 210 LALLEMAND INC.: DEALS
• TABLE 211 SAMI-SABINSA GROUP: COMPANY OVERVIEW
• TABLE 212 SAMI-SABINSA GROUP: PRODUCTS/SERVICES/SOLUTIONS OFFERED
• TABLE 213 SAMI-SABINSA GROUP: DEALS
• TABLE 214 CJ CHEILJEDANG CORP.: COMPANY OVERVIEW
• TABLE 215 CJ CHEILJEDANG CORP.: PRODUCTS/SERVICES/SOLUTIONS OFFERED
• TABLE 216 CJ CHEILJEDANG CORP.: PRODUCT LAUNCHES
• TABLE 217 CJ CHEILJEDANG CORP.: DEALS
• TABLE 218 MORINAGA MILK INDUSTRY CO., LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW
• TABLE 219 MORINAGA MILK INDUSTRY CO., LTD.: PRODUCTS/SERVICES/ SOLUTIONS OFFERED
• TABLE 220 KIRIN HOLDINGS COMPANY, LIMITED: COMPANY OVERVIEW
• TABLE 221 KIRIN HOLDINGS COMPANY, LIMITED: PRODUCTS/SERVICES/ SOLUTIONS OFFERED
• TABLE 222 KIRIN HOLDINGS COMPANY, LIMITED: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS
• TABLE 223 BIOTENOVA SDN. BHD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW
• TABLE 224 BIOTENOVA SDN. BHD.: PRODUCTS/SERVICES/SOLUTIONS OFFERED
• TABLE 225 BIOTENOVA SDN. BHD.: DEALS
• TABLE 226 BIOPROX HEALTHCARE: COMPANY OVERVIEW
• TABLE 227 BIOPROX HEALTHCARE: PRODUCTS/SERVICES/SOLUTIONS OFFERED
• TABLE 228 SILAB: COMPANY OVERVIEW
• TABLE 229 SILAB: PRODUCTS/SERVICES/SOLUTIONS OFFERED
• TABLE 230 SILAB: EXPANSIONS
• TABLE 231 PROBIONIC CORP.: COMPANY OVERVIEW
• TABLE 232 PROBIONIC CORP.: PRODUCTS/SERVICES/SOLUTIONS OFFERED
• TABLE 233 NUTRIGNOMIX SDN. BHD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW
• TABLE 234 NUTRIGNOMIX SDN. BHD.: PRODUCTS/SERVICES/SOLUTIONS OFFERED
• TABLE 235 MARKETS ADJACENT TO POSTBIOTICS MARKET
• TABLE 236 FUNCTIONAL FOOD INGREDIENTS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2019-2023 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 237 FUNCTIONAL FOOD INGREDIENTS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2024-2029 (USD MILLION)
• TABLE 238 PROBIOTICS MARKET, BY END USER, 2020-2023 (USD BILLION)
• TABLE 239 PROBIOTICS MARKET, BY END USER, 2024-2029 (USD BILLION)

List of Figures

• FIGURE 1 POSTBIOTICS MARKET: RESEARCH DESIGN
• FIGURE 2 BREAKDOWN OF PRIMARY INTERVIEWS: BY COMPANY TYPE, DESIGNATION, AND REGION
• FIGURE 3 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: TOP-DOWN APPROACH
• FIGURE 4 SUPPLY-SIDE ANALYSIS: SOURCES OF INFORMATION AT EVERY STEP
• FIGURE 5 POSTBIOTICS MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION: BOTTOM-UP APPROACH
• FIGURE 6 DATA TRIANGULATION
• FIGURE 7 POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2025 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION)
• FIGURE 8 POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2025 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION)
• FIGURE 9 POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY FORM, 2025 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION)
• FIGURE 10 POSTBIOTICS MARKET SHARE AND GROWTH RATE, BY REGION
• FIGURE 11 INCREASING DEMAND FOR FORTIFIED AND HEALTH-POSITIONED FOODS AND BEVERAGES TO DRIVE MARKET
• FIGURE 12 US AND BACTERIA SEGMENT TO ACCOUNT FOR SIGNIFICANT MARKET SHARES IN 2025
• FIGURE 13 BACTERIA SEGMENT TO DOMINATE MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD
• FIGURE 14 DRY SEGMENT TO LEAD MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD
• FIGURE 15 FUNCTIONAL FOOD & BEVERAGES SEGMENT TO LEAD MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD
• FIGURE 16 US TO RECORD LARGEST MARKET SHARE IN 2025
• FIGURE 17 POSTBIOTICS MARKET: DRIVERS, RESTRAINTS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES
• FIGURE 18 ADOPTION OF GEN AI IN FOOD & BEVERAGE PRODUCTION PROCESS
• FIGURE 19 POSTBIOTICS MARKET: VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
• FIGURE 20 IMPORT OF HS CODE 3002, BY KEY COUNTRY, 2020-2024 (TONS)
• FIGURE 21 EXPORT OF HS CODE 3002, BY KEY COUNTRY, 2020-2024 (TONS)
• FIGURE 22 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE OF POSTBIOTIC PRODUCTS, BY KEY PLAYER, 2024 (USD)
• FIGURE 23 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF POSTBIOTICS, BY REGION, 2021-2024 (USD/KG)
• FIGURE 24 POSTBIOTIC MARKET: ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
• FIGURE 25 TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESS
• FIGURE 26 NUMBER OF PATENTS APPLIED AND GRANTED, 2017-2025
• FIGURE 27 REGIONAL ANALYSIS OF PATENTS GRANTED FOR POSTBIOTICS
• FIGURE 28 POSTBIOTICS MARKET: PORTER'S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
• FIGURE 29 INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS FOR KEY APPLICATIONS
• FIGURE 30 KEY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING SUPPLIERS/VENDORS
• FIGURE 31 POSTBIOTIC MARKET: INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO
• FIGURE 32 POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2025 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION)
• FIGURE 33 POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2025 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION)
• FIGURE 34 POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY FORM, 2025 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION)
• FIGURE 35 INDIA TO RECORD HIGHEST GROWTH DURING FORECAST PERIOD
• FIGURE 36 NORTH AMERICA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET SNAPSHOT
• FIGURE 37 ASIA PACIFIC: POSTBIOTICS MARKET SNAPSHOT
• FIGURE 38 REVENUE ANALYSIS OF KEY MARKET PLAYERS, 2022-2024 (USD BILLION)
• FIGURE 39 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2024
• FIGURE 40 COMPANY VALUATION
• FIGURE 41 FINANCIAL METRICS
• FIGURE 42 POSTBIOTICS MARKET: BRAND/PRODUCT COMPARISON
• FIGURE 43 POSTBIOTICS MARKET: COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX (KEY PLAYERS), 2024
• FIGURE 44 POSTBIOTICS MARKET: COMPANY FOOTPRINT
• FIGURE 45 POSTBIOTICS MARKET: COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX (STARTUPS/SMES), 2024
• FIGURE 46 ADM: COMPANY SNAPSHOT
• FIGURE 47 CARGILL, INCORPORATED: COMPANY SNAPSHOT
• FIGURE 48 DSM-FIRMENICH: COMPANY SNAPSHOT
• FIGURE 49 KERRY GROUP PLC: COMPANY SNAPSHOT
• FIGURE 50 ASSOCIATED BRITISH FOODS PLC: COMPANY SNAPSHOT
• FIGURE 51 BASF: COMPANY SNAPSHOT
• FIGURE 52 NOVONESIS GROUP: COMPANY SNAPSHOT
• FIGURE 53 INTERNATIONAL FLAVORS & FRAGRANCES INC.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT
• FIGURE 54 CJ CHEILJEDANG CORP.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT
• FIGURE 55 MORINAGA MILK INDUSTRY CO., LTD.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT
• FIGURE 56 KIRIN HOLDINGS COMPANY, LIMITED: COMPANY SNAPSHOT

The postbiotics market is estimated at USD 146.7 million in 2025 and is projected to reach USD 224.8 million by 2030, at a CAGR of 8.9%.

The global postbiotics market is gaining significant traction, driven by increasing consumer awareness of gut health, immune support, and the demand for clean-label, shelf-stable ingredients. The growing demand for functional food & beverage products is also expected to drive the demand for the usage of postbiotic ingredients in these applications. The functional food & beverage sector has witnessed explosive growth, driven by a shift in consumer preferences toward health-enhancing everyday products. Foods fortified with ingredients that support immunity, digestion, energy, and mental clarity are now mainstream, especially in developed markets.

Unlike probiotics, which require cold-chain logistics and can lose efficacy under processing conditions, postbiotics are heat-stable and shelf-stable, making them an ideal fit for beverages, high-protein bars, fermented dairy alternatives, and meal replacements. Their proven benefits in gut health and immune modulation allow brands to include science-backed claims on packaging, boosting consumer trust and driving adoption. However, consumers are less familiar with postbiotics compared to probiotics and prebiotics; thus, competition from established alternatives such as probiotics and prebiotics is expected to pose a challenge in the postbiotics market.

"Disruptions in the postbiotics market may offer opportunities for players."

The postbiotic ingredients market is being disrupted by the development in microbial science, the shift in regulatory forces, and the growing need for safe & stable health ingredients. Postbiotics, or non-viable microbial cells or their metabolites, are becoming increasingly popular as a next-generation substitute for probiotics because of improved safety, shelf stability, and formulation flexibility. This transformation is especially evident in uses like functional foods, dietary supplements, cosmetics, and pet nutrition, where postbiotics provide distinctive benefits over live probiotics. Advances in fermentation technology and microbial inactivation are enabling developers to create customized, strain-specific postbiotic ingredients that provide specialized health benefits like gut health, immune function, and skin barrier function.

The market is also being formed by new formats and blends of products, such as synbiotic products combining probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics. Postbiotics are becoming a functional alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in animal nutrition, but in personal care, they are upending conventional actives in microbiome-driven skincare. Thus, the growth of personalized nutrition and microbiome testing is also allowing the creation of postbiotic solutions, further driving market evolution and differentiation.

The dietary supplement segment is projected to be one of the fastest-growing segments

Dietary supplements are a growing segment that serves the rising demand from consumers for proactive health management and preventive wellness methods. To address various functional benefits or promote general well-being, postbiotic products are designed to offer key advantages over probiotics, such as longer shelf life, no refrigeration requirement, and suitability for sensitive populations like infants and the elderly. Consumer awareness and adoption of preventative health measures are key factors propelling the rise of dietary supplements. In order to preserve optimal health and lower their risk of chronic diseases, many people are turning to supplements as a result of growing emphasis on self-care and rising healthcare costs. As a result, the market for dietary supplements has grown significantly, offering a wide range of offerings that address different health issues.

Yeast segment to grow at a significant rate among the sources in the postbiotics market

Postbiotics that are sourced from yeast hold a significant opportunity in the animal nutrition industry, particularly in the face of increasing challenges such as pathogen pressure, heat stress, high stocking densities, and the drive to reduce antibiotic use. Yeast-sourced postbiotics offer various health benefits for livestock, such as poultry, aquatic animals, as well as pets. It helps in supporting gut health, improving feed efficiency, and enhancing immunity. Additionally, as the industry is shifting toward natural solutions to maintain animal welfare and productivity, yeast-based postbiotics are gaining traction in terms of usage to improve the overall animal well-being without relying on antibiotics.

US to dominate the North American postbiotics market during forecast period

The US market is one of the largest global markets for postbiotics. Consumers in the US are becoming increasingly interested in functional food ingredients that provide certain health benefits as preventative healthcare and nutrition gain importance. This need has been driven by factors like an aging population, growing healthcare expenses, and increased awareness of the connection between nutrition and health. Furthermore, producers can now create a broad variety of postbiotic products customized to satisfy a wide range of consumer tastes due to technological improvements and innovations in food processing procedures. These factors are expected to drive the demand for postbiotics in the region.

In-depth interviews have been conducted with chief executive officers (CEOs), directors, and other executives from various key organizations operating in the postbiotics market.

• By Company Type: Tier 1-25%, Tier 2-45%, and Tier 3-30%
• By Designation: CXOs-20%, Managers-50%, Executives-30%
• By Region: North America-30%, Europe-25%, Asia Pacific-35%, and Rest of the World-10%

Prominent companies in the market include ADM (US), Cargill, Incorporated (US), dsm-firmenich (Netherlands), Kerry Group plc (Ireland), Associated British Foods plc (UK), BASF (Germany), Novozymes A/S, part of Novonesis Group (Denmark), International Flavors & Fragrances Inc (US), MCLS Europe B.V. (Netherlands), Phileo by Lesaffre (France), Lallemand Inc. (Canada), Sami-Sabinsa Group. (India), CJ CheilJedang Corp. (South Korea), Biotenova Sdn. Bhd. (Malaysia), Kirin Holdings Company, Limited (Japan), Bioprox Healthcare (France), MORINAGA MILK INDUSTRY CO., LTD. (Japan), SILAB (France), Probionic Corp (Korea), Nutrignomix Sdn. Bhd. (Malaysia), Stratum Nutrition (US), BBT Biotech GmbH (Germany), and Verdesian Life Sciences (US).

Research Coverage

This research report categorizes the postbiotics market by source (bacteria and yeast), by application (functional food & beverages, dietary supplements, cosmetics & personal care products, animal feed, and pharmaceutical), by form (dry and liquid), by function (qualitative) (digestive health, gut health, immune health, skin health, heart health, and other functions), by manufacturing technology (qualitative) (heat inactivation, spray drying, lyophilization, fermentation-derived fractionation, cell lysis & supernatant recovery, and encapsulation technologies), and region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of the World).

The scope of the report covers detailed information regarding the major factors, such as drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities, influencing the growth of postbiotic ingredients. A thorough analysis of the key industry players has been done to provide insights into their business, services, key strategies, contracts, partnerships, agreements, product launches, mergers & acquisitions, and recent developments associated with the postbiotics market. This report covers the competitive analysis of upcoming startups in the postbiotics market ecosystem. Furthermore, industry-specific trends such as technology analysis, ecosystem & market mapping, and patent & regulatory landscape, among others, are also covered in the study.

Reasons to Buy This Report

The report offers market leaders/new entrants information on the closest approximations of the revenue numbers for the overall postbiotics and subsegments. It will help stakeholders understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights to better position their businesses and plan suitable go-to-market strategies. The report also helps stakeholders understand the pulse of the market and provides them with information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.

The report provides insights into the following pointers:

• Analysis of key drivers (rising consumer awareness of gut health and overall wellness), restraints (competition from established alternatives such as probiotics and prebiotics), opportunities (technological and economic advantages over probiotics), and challenges (regulatory uncertainty and lack of standardization) influencing the growth of the postbiotics market
• Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on research & development activities and new product launches in the postbiotics market
• Market Development: Comprehensive information about lucrative markets-the report analyzes postbiotics across varied regions
• Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about new product sources, untapped geographies, recent developments, and investments in the postbiotics market
• Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market shares, growth strategies, product offerings, brand/product comparison, and product footprints of leading players such as ADM (US), Cargill, Incorporated (US), dsm-firmenich (Netherlands), Kerry Group plc (Ireland), Associated British Foods plc (UK), BASF (Germany), Novozymes A/S, part of Novonesis Group (Denmark), International Flavors & Fragrances Inc (US), MCLS Europe B.V. (Netherlands), Phileo by Lesaffre (France), Lallemand Inc. (Canada), Sami-Sabinsa Group. (India), CJ CheilJedang Corp. (South Korea), and other players in the postbiotics market.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION

• 1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES
• 1.2 MARKET DEFINITION
• 1.3 STUDY SCOPE
  • 1.3.1 MARKETS COVERED AND REGIONS CONSIDERED
  • 1.3.2 INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS
  • 1.3.3 YEARS CONSIDERED
  • 1.3.4 CURRENCY CONSIDERED
  • 1.3.5 UNITS CONSIDERED
• 1.4 STAKEHOLDERS

2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• 2.1 RESEARCH DATA
  • 2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA
    • 2.1.1.1 Key data from secondary sources
  • 2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA
    • 2.1.2.1 Key data from primary sources
    • 2.1.2.2 Breakdown of primary profiles
    • 2.1.2.3 Key insights from industry experts
• 2.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION
  • 2.2.1 TOP-DOWN APPROACH
  • 2.2.2 SUPPLY-SIDE ANALYSIS
  • 2.2.3 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH (DEMAND SIDE)
• 2.3 DATA TRIANGULATION AND MARKET BREAKUP
• 2.4 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS
• 2.5 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS AND RISK ASSESSMENT

3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS

• 4.1 ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN POSTBIOTICS MARKET
• 4.2 NORTH AMERICA: POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE AND COUNTRY
• 4.3 POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE
• 4.4 POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY FORM
• 4.5 POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION AND REGION
• 4.6 POSTBIOTICS MARKET: REGIONAL SNAPSHOT

5 MARKET OVERVIEW

• 5.1 INTRODUCTION
• 5.2 MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS
  • 5.2.1 RISING DEMAND FOR NUTRACEUTICAL AND FUNCTIONAL FOOD
  • 5.2.2 SUSTAINABILITY AND CLEAN LABEL TRENDS
• 5.3 MARKET DYNAMICS
  • 5.3.1 DRIVERS
    • 5.3.1.1 Rising consumer awareness of gut health and overall wellness
    • 5.3.1.2 Increasing preference for natural, clean-label ingredients
    • 5.3.1.3 Increasing incidence of digestive disorders and chronic health issues
    • 5.3.1.4 Growing demand for functional food and beverages
  • 5.3.2 RESTRAINTS
    • 5.3.2.1 Competition from established alternatives like probiotics and prebiotics
    • 5.3.2.2 Unclear clinical recommendations and prescription practices
    • 5.3.2.3 Side effects and limited clinical safety data
  • 5.3.3 OPPORTUNITIES
    • 5.3.3.1 Therapeutic applications in nutrition
    • 5.3.3.2 Technological and economic advantages over probiotics
    • 5.3.3.3 Emerging applications in food preservation
    • 5.3.3.4 Increasing R&D activities for postbiotics
  • 5.3.4 CHALLENGES
    • 5.3.4.1 Yield optimization, storage, and stability
    • 5.3.4.2 Regulatory uncertainty and lack of standardization
    • 5.3.4.3 High R&D and production costs
• 5.4 IMPACT OF GEN AI ON FOOD & BEVERAGE INGREDIENTS/ADDITIVES
  • 5.4.1 USE OF GEN AI IN FOOD & BEVERAGE INGREDIENTS/ADDITIVES
  • 5.4.2 CASE STUDIES FOR GENERATIVE AI IN FOOD & BEVERAGE INGREDIENTS/ADDITIVES
    • 5.4.2.1 Kerry Trendspotter leveraged AI and ML to analyze consumer-generated social media content, identifying and predicting food trends
    • 5.4.2.2 IFF partners with Salus Optima to create personalized nutrition platform using AI to offer customized dietary recommendations based on metabolic health
    • 5.4.2.3 Ingredion utilized cloud-based data analytics, AI, and cloud technology to address challenges in F&B industry
  • 5.4.3 IMPACT OF GENERATIVE AI/AI ON POSTBIOTICS MARKET
  • 5.4.4 ADJACENT ECOSYSTEM WORKING ON GENERATIVE AI

6 INDUSTRY TRENDS

• 6.1 INTRODUCTION
• 6.2 IMPACT OF 2025 US TARIFF - POSTBIOTICS MARKET
  • 6.2.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 6.2.2 KEY TARIFF RATES
  • 6.2.3 DISRUPTION IN MICROBIAL INGREDIENTS INDUSTRY & POSTBIOTICS
  • 6.2.4 PRICE IMPACT ANALYSIS
  • 6.2.5 IMPACT ON COUNTRY/REGION
    • 6.2.5.1 US
    • 6.2.5.2 Europe
    • 6.2.5.3 China
  • 6.2.6 IMPACT ON END-USE INDUSTRIES
• 6.3 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
  • 6.3.1 RESEARCH & PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
  • 6.3.2 RAW MATERIAL SOURCING
  • 6.3.3 PRODUCTION & PROCESSING
  • 6.3.4 DISTRIBUTION
  • 6.3.5 MARKETING & SALES
  • 6.3.6 END USERS
• 6.4 TRADE ANALYSIS
  • 6.4.1 IMPORT SCENARIO OF HS CODE 3002
  • 6.4.2 EXPORT SCENARIO OF HS CODE 3002
• 6.5 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS
  • 6.5.1 KEY TECHNOLOGIES
    • 6.5.1.1 Heating-based inactivation technologies
    • 6.5.1.2 Extraction technologies
    • 6.5.1.3 Identification and characterization technologies
  • 6.5.2 COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGIES
    • 6.5.2.1 Genomic and metabolomic profiling
    • 6.5.2.2 Bioinformatics and machine learning
    • 6.5.2.3 Bioprocess monitoring and automation
  • 6.5.3 ADJACENT TECHNOLOGIES
    • 6.5.3.1 Microbiome diagnostics: 16S rRNA sequencing
• 6.6 PRICING ANALYSIS
  • 6.6.1 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE OF POSTBIOTIC PRODUCTS, BY KEY PLAYER
  • 6.6.2 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND, BY REGION
• 6.7 ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
  • 6.7.1 DEMAND SIDE
  • 6.7.2 SUPPLY SIDE
• 6.8 TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESS
• 6.9 PATENT ANALYSIS
• 6.10 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2025-2026
• 6.11 REGULATORY LANDSCAPE
  • 6.11.1 REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
  • 6.11.2 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
    • 6.11.2.1 North America
    • 6.11.2.2 Europe
    • 6.11.2.3 Asia Pacific
• 6.12 PORTER'S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
  • 6.12.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS
  • 6.12.2 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES
  • 6.12.3 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS
  • 6.12.4 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS
  • 6.12.5 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY
• 6.13 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA
  • 6.13.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS
  • 6.13.2 BUYING CRITERIA
• 6.14 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS
  • 6.14.1 DSM-FIRMENICH'S STRATEGIC LEAP INTO POSTBIOTICS THROUGH ADARE BIOME ACQUISITION
  • 6.14.2 ADM'S USD 30 MILLION INVESTMENT IN PROBIOTIC & POSTBIOTIC PRODUCTION FACILITY IN SPAIN
  • 6.14.3 CARGILL'S ACQUISITION AND SCALE-UP OF EPICOR POSTBIOTIC INGREDIENT
• 6.15 INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO

7 POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY FUNCTION

• 7.1 INTRODUCTION
• 7.2 DIGESTIVE HEALTH
• 7.3 GUT HEALTH
• 7.4 IMMUNE HEALTH
• 7.5 SKIN HEALTH
• 7.6 HEART HEALTH
• 7.7 OTHER FUNCTIONS

8 POSTBIOTIC MARKET, BY MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY

• 8.1 INTRODUCTION
• 8.2 HEAT INACTIVATION
• 8.3 SPRAY DRYING
• 8.4 LYOPHILIZATION
• 8.5 OTHER MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES

9 POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY SOURCE

• 9.1 INTRODUCTION
• 9.2 BACTERIA
  • 9.2.1 VERSATILITY AND WIDE-RANGING APPLICATIONS IN FUNCTIONAL FOOD, SUPPLEMENTS, AND THERAPEUTIC PRODUCTS TO DRIVE DEMAND
  • 9.2.2 LACTOBACILLUS
  • 9.2.3 BIFIDOBACTERIUM
  • 9.2.4 OTHER BACTERIA
• 9.3 YEAST
  • 9.3.1 RISING UTILIZATION IN ANIMAL HEALTHCARE AND FEED APPLICATIONS TO DRIVE MARKET
  • 9.3.2 SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE
  • 9.3.3 SACCHAROMYCES BOULARDII

10 POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION

• 10.1 INTRODUCTION
• 10.2 FUNCTIONAL FOOD & BEVERAGES
  • 10.2.1 INCREASING FOCUS ON GUT AND IMMUNE HEALTH TO BOOST ADOPTION OF POSTBIOTIC INGREDIENTS
• 10.3 DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS
  • 10.3.1 RISING EMPHASIS ON GUT AND IMMUNE HEALTH TO DRIVE DEMAND FOR POSTBIOTICS IN DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS
• 10.4 ANIMAL FEED
  • 10.4.1 GROWING ADOPTION OF POSTBIOTICS IN ANIMAL FEED FOR IMPROVED HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE
• 10.5 COSMETICS & PERSONAL CARE
  • 10.5.1 DEMAND FOR MICROBIOME-FRIENDLY FORMULATIONS IN COSMETICS & PERSONAL CARE TO DRIVE MARKET
• 10.6 PHARMACEUTICALS
  • 10.6.1 THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL TO DRIVE DEMAND FOR POSTBIOTICS IN PHARMACEUTICALS

11 POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY FORM

• 11.1 INTRODUCTION
• 11.2 DRY
  • 11.2.1 NEED FOR ENHANCED STABILITY, SHELF LIFE, AND APPLICATION FLEXIBILITY TO DRIVE DEMAND
• 11.3 LIQUID
  • 11.3.1 EASE OF INCORPORATION INTO FUNCTIONAL BEVERAGES AND FERMENTED PRODUCTS TO DRIVE DEMAND

12 POSTBIOTICS MARKET, BY REGION

• 12.1 INTRODUCTION
• 12.2 NORTH AMERICA
  • 12.2.1 US
    • 12.2.1.1 Clinical innovation and evolving health needs to steer market trends
  • 12.2.2 CANADA
    • 12.2.2.1 Health Canada approvals and pediatric research to drive market
  • 12.2.3 MEXICO
    • 12.2.3.1 Rising interest in immune-supportive and gut-health formulations to drive market
• 12.3 EUROPE
  • 12.3.1 GERMANY
    • 12.3.1.1 Robust life sciences infrastructure and advanced industrial fermentation capabilities to drive market
  • 12.3.2 UK
    • 12.3.2.1 Growing interest in incorporating postbiotic ingredients into mainstream food and beverage products to boost market
  • 12.3.3 FRANCE
    • 12.3.3.1 Fermentation expertise and growing interest in scientifically backed microbial ingredients to drive market
  • 12.3.4 ITALY
    • 12.3.4.1 Increasing focus of key startups on fermentation technologies to drive market
  • 12.3.5 SPAIN
    • 12.3.5.1 Strategic investments in functional ingredient space to drive market
  • 12.3.6 REST OF EUROPE
• 12.4 ASIA PACIFIC
  • 12.4.1 CHINA
    • 12.4.1.1 Growing consumer interest in gut health, functional foods, and wellness ingredients to drive market
  • 12.4.2 JAPAN
    • 12.4.2.1 Emphasis on gut health and functional nutrition to drive market
  • 12.4.3 INDIA
    • 12.4.3.1 Consumer shift toward functional and preventive nutrition products to drive market
  • 12.4.4 AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND
    • 12.4.4.1 Increasing consumer demand for functional foods, clean-label ingredients, and gut health solutions to drive market
  • 12.4.5 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC
• 12.5 REST OF THE WORLD
  • 12.5.1 SOUTH AMERICA
    • 12.5.1.1 Rising consumer awareness around gut health, immunity, and functional nutrition to drive market
  • 12.5.2 MIDDLE EAST
    • 12.5.2.1 Health and sustainability drives, including Vision 2030, to increase postbiotics adoption
  • 12.5.3 AFRICA
    • 12.5.3.1 Rising focus on gut health and preventive nutrition to drive market

13 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

• 13.1 OVERVIEW
• 13.2 KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN, 2022-JULY 2025
• 13.3 REVENUE ANALYSIS, 2022-2024
• 13.4 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2024
• 13.5 COMPANY VALUATION AND FINANCIAL METRICS
• 13.6 BRAND/PRODUCT COMPARISON
• 13.7 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: KEY PLAYERS, 2024
  • 13.7.1 STARS
  • 13.7.2 EMERGING LEADERS
  • 13.7.3 PERVASIVE PLAYERS
  • 13.7.4 PARTICIPANTS
  • 13.7.5 COMPANY FOOTPRINT: KEY PLAYERS, 2024
    • 13.7.5.1 Company footprint
    • 13.7.5.2 Regional footprint
    • 13.7.5.3 Source footprint
    • 13.7.5.4 Form footprint
• 13.8 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: STARTUPS/SMES, 2024
  • 13.8.1 PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES
  • 13.8.2 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES
  • 13.8.3 DYNAMIC COMPANIES
  • 13.8.4 STARTING BLOCKS
  • 13.8.5 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING: STARTUPS/SMES, 2024
    • 13.8.5.1 Detailed list of key startups/SMEs
    • 13.8.5.2 Competitive benchmarking of key startups/SMEs
• 13.9 COMPETITIVE SCENARIO
  • 13.9.1 PRODUCT LAUNCHES
  • 13.9.2 DEALS
  • 13.9.3 EXPANSIONS

14 COMPANY PROFILES

• 14.1 KEY PLAYERS
  • 14.1.1 ADM
    • 14.1.1.1 Business overview
    • 14.1.1.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered
    • 14.1.1.3 Recent developments
      • 14.1.1.3.1 Deals
      • 14.1.1.3.2 Expansions
      • 14.1.1.3.3 Other developments
    • 14.1.1.4 MnM view
      • 14.1.1.4.1 Key strengths
      • 14.1.1.4.2 Strategic choices
      • 14.1.1.4.3 Weaknesses & competitive threats
  • 14.1.2 CARGILL, INCORPORATED
    • 14.1.2.1 Business overview
    • 14.1.2.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered
    • 14.1.2.3 Recent developments
      • 14.1.2.3.1 Deals
      • 14.1.2.3.2 Expansions
      • 14.1.2.3.3 Other developments
    • 14.1.2.4 MnM view
      • 14.1.2.4.1 Key strengths
      • 14.1.2.4.2 Strategic choices
      • 14.1.2.4.3 Weaknesses & competitive threats
  • 14.1.3 DSM-FIRMENICH
    • 14.1.3.1 Business overview
    • 14.1.3.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered
    • 14.1.3.3 Recent developments
      • 14.1.3.3.1 Deals
    • 14.1.3.4 MnM view
      • 14.1.3.4.1 Key strengths
      • 14.1.3.4.2 Strategic choices
      • 14.1.3.4.3 Weaknesses & competitive threats
  • 14.1.4 KERRY GROUP PLC
    • 14.1.4.1 Business overview
    • 14.1.4.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered
    • 14.1.4.3 Recent developments
      • 14.1.4.3.1 Product launches
      • 14.1.4.3.2 Deals
    • 14.1.4.4 MnM view
      • 14.1.4.4.1 Key strengths
      • 14.1.4.4.2 Strategic choices
      • 14.1.4.4.3 Weaknesses & competitive threats
  • 14.1.5 ASSOCIATED BRITISH FOODS PLC
    • 14.1.5.1 Business overview
    • 14.1.5.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered
    • 14.1.5.3 Recent developments
      • 14.1.5.3.1 Deals
    • 14.1.5.4 MnM view
      • 14.1.5.4.1 Key strengths
      • 14.1.5.4.2 Strategic choices
      • 14.1.5.4.3 Weaknesses & competitive threats
  • 14.1.6 BASF
    • 14.1.6.1 Business overview
    • 14.1.6.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered
    • 14.1.6.3 Recent developments
      • 14.1.6.3.1 Product launches
    • 14.1.6.4 MnM view
  • 14.1.7 NOVONESIS GROUP
    • 14.1.7.1 Business overview
    • 14.1.7.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered
    • 14.1.7.3 MnM view
  • 14.1.8 INTERNATIONAL FLAVORS & FRAGRANCES INC.
    • 14.1.8.1 Business overview
    • 14.1.8.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered
    • 14.1.8.3 MnM view
  • 14.1.9 MCLS EUROPE B.V.
    • 14.1.9.1 Business overview
    • 14.1.9.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered
    • 14.1.9.3 MnM view
  • 14.1.10 PHILEO BY LESAFFRE
    • 14.1.10.1 Business overview
    • 14.1.10.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered
    • 14.1.10.3 MnM view
  • 14.1.11 LALLEMAND INC.
    • 14.1.11.1 Business overview
    • 14.1.11.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered
    • 14.1.11.3 Recent developments
      • 14.1.11.3.1 Deals
    • 14.1.11.4 MnM view
  • 14.1.12 SAMI-SABINSA GROUP
    • 14.1.12.1 Business overview
    • 14.1.12.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered
    • 14.1.12.3 Recent developments
      • 14.1.12.3.1 Deals
    • 14.1.12.4 MnM view
  • 14.1.13 CJ CHEILJEDANG CORP.
    • 14.1.13.1 Business overview
    • 14.1.13.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered
    • 14.1.13.3 Recent developments
      • 14.1.13.3.1 Product launches
      • 14.1.13.3.2 Deals
    • 14.1.13.4 MnM view
  • 14.1.14 MORINAGA MILK INDUSTRY CO., LTD.
    • 14.1.14.1 Business overview
    • 14.1.14.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered
    • 14.1.14.3 MnM view
  • 14.1.15 KIRIN HOLDINGS COMPANY, LIMITED
    • 14.1.15.1 Business overview
    • 14.1.15.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered
    • 14.1.15.3 Recent developments
      • 14.1.15.3.1 Other developments
    • 14.1.15.4 MnM view
• 14.2 OTHER PLAYERS
  • 14.2.1 BIOTENOVA SDN. BHD.
    • 14.2.1.1 Business overview
    • 14.2.1.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered
    • 14.2.1.3 Recent developments
      • 14.2.1.3.1 Deals
    • 14.2.1.4 MnM view
  • 14.2.2 BIOPROX HEALTHCARE
    • 14.2.2.1 Business overview
    • 14.2.2.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered
    • 14.2.2.3 MnM view
  • 14.2.3 SILAB
    • 14.2.3.1 Business overview
    • 14.2.3.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered
    • 14.2.3.3 Recent developments
      • 14.2.3.3.1 Expansions
    • 14.2.3.4 MnM view
  • 14.2.4 PROBIONIC CORP.
    • 14.2.4.1 Business overview
    • 14.2.4.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered
    • 14.2.4.3 MnM view
  • 14.2.5 NUTRIGNOMIX SDN. BHD.
    • 14.2.5.1 Business overview
    • 14.2.5.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered
    • 14.2.5.3 MnM view
  • 14.2.6 STRATUM NUTRITION
  • 14.2.7 BBT BIOTECH GMBH
  • 14.2.8 VERDESIAN LIFE SCIENCES
  • 14.2.9 SYNBIO TECH INC.
  • 14.2.10 NEO CREMAR

15 ADJACENT & RELATED MARKETS

• 15.1 INTRODUCTION
• 15.2 STUDY LIMITATIONS
• 15.3 FUNCTIONAL FOOD INGREDIENTS MARKET
  • 15.3.1 MARKET DEFINITION
  • 15.3.2 MARKET OVERVIEW
• 15.4 PROBIOTICS MARKET
  • 15.4.1 MARKET DEFINITION
  • 15.4.2 MARKET OVERVIEW

16 APPENDIX

• 16.1 DISCUSSION GUIDE
• 16.2 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS' SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL
• 16.3 CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS
• 16.4 RELATED REPORTS
• 16.5 AUTHOR DETAILS