バルクターミナルの世界市場レポート：動向、予測、競合分析（～2031年）

世界のバルクフターミナル市場の将来は、食品・飲料、石炭、石油・ガス市場に機会がありそうです。世界のバルクターミナルの市場規模は、2025年～2031年にCAGR3.7%の成長が見込まれています。この市場の主な促進要因は、世界の貿易需要の増加、自動化とデジタル化における技術進歩、より大型の船舶をサポートするためのインフラの拡大です。

Lucintelの予測では、タイプ別ではドライバルクが予測期間中も引き続き大きなセグメントとなる見通しです。

用途別では、石油・ガスが最も高い成長が見込まれます。

地域別では、アジア太平洋が予測期間中に最も高い成長を遂げる見込みです。

バルクターミナル市場の新たな動向

技術革新、環境への配慮、取引慣行の変化がバルクターミナル市場の急成長に寄与しています。内部的には、自動化やデジタル化など、プロセスや方法が強化されています。持続可能性はこのセクターに影響を与えます。こうした開発は、利害関係者の業務効率の期待に応えつつ、さらなる市場革新と競争を促しています。

• ロボティック・プロセス・オートメーション：貨物ハンドリング、保管、仕分けにロボット・システムが使用されるようになり、バルクターミナルの移動とオペレーションにおいて、より高度な自動化が可能になりました。この動向により、スピードが向上し、人的依存度が低下し、エラーが最小限に抑えられます。オペレーションの合理化が強化されたことで、ターミナルは前例のないオペレーション量の精度を達成できるようになり、その結果、効率性と安全性が向上しています。
• 持続可能な環境対策：環境の持続可能性に世界的に注目が集まっているため、ターミナルでは持続可能な慣行に対する需要が高まっています。この業界では、電気荷役機器、太陽光発電ターミナル、排ガス削減装置など、環境に配慮した技術の採用が進んでいます。規制とロジスティクスの両方がこのプロセスを後押ししています。
• 港湾とスマートターミナル：港湾のデジタル化は、バルクターミナルセグメントにおけるオペレーションの可視性と効率を向上させています。IoT、AI、ビッグデータ解析を利用したスマートターミナルにより、リアルタイムのモニタリング、プロアクティブ・メンテナンス、適切な意思決定が可能になりました。これらのテクノロジーは、サプライチェーン・マネジメントの最適化、ダウンタイムの削減、ターミナル能力の向上に不可欠です。
• 港湾インフラの改造：港湾は、より大型のバルク船に対応し、貿易活動の増加に対応するために改修されています。このような改良には、港湾の深化、クレーンの改良、バルクハンドリング用の大型ターミナルの建設などが含まれます。このような拡張は、港湾が競争力を維持し、新たな海運動向に対応するために必要です。
• 再生可能エネルギーによる発電：太陽エネルギーや風力エネルギーは現在、バルクターミナル用の発電所やその他の施設に統合されつつあり、運営コストやカーボンフットプリントの削減につながっています。このステップは、世界の持続可能性目標の達成と、バルクターミナルの環境イメージの向上に役立ちます。

競争力、効率性、持続可能性の向上が、バルクターミナル市場で見られる変化の原動力となっています。さらに、強化された自動化とデジタル化された環境に優しい活動は、企業が高められた環境基準を満たすことを可能にしながら、運用能力を増強します。

バルクターミナル市場の最近の発展

バルクターミナル業界の新たな動向は、業務効率化、新技術の採用、環境問題の緩和に焦点が当てられていることを示唆しています。主な動向には、新しいインフラ、自動化、再生可能エネルギーの統合、持続可能性プログラムへの投資が含まれます。生産量を増加させ、バルク処理プロセスの悪影響を減少させるために、より安価で、統合された、より環境に優しいバルク処理方法を見つけることに重点が置かれています。

• インフラの開発とアップグレード：多くの国際港湾は、より大型のバルク船に対応するため、大規模なインフラ拡張プログラムを実施しています。これらのプロジェクトは、ターミナルや港湾の深化、新しい港湾施設の建設、ターミナルのアップグレードを伴います。これらのプロジェクトは、増大する国際貿易に対応し、世界のバラ積み海運分野で港湾の競争力を維持するために必要です。
• 自動化と技術の採用：多くのバルクターミナルは、生産性を向上させるためにプロセスの自動化を進めています。AIとIoT技術は、貨物追跡、メンテナンス、業務監督を強化しています。これらのテクノロジーは、エラーを減らし、ターミナル運営の効率性と費用対効果を高めるのに役立ちます。
• 持続可能性とグリーンテクノロジー：バルクターミナル開発プロジェクトは現在、持続可能性をさらに優先しています。ターミナルは、ソーラーパネル、電気式荷役機器、代替燃料を採用し、二酸化炭素排出量の削減を目指しています。これらのイニシアチブは、グリーンロジスティクスに向けた世界の動きと一致し、バルクターミナルがより厳格な環境法に適合するのを支援します。
• スマートロジスティクスとリアルタイムモニタリング：スマートロジスティクスシステムなどの革新は、バルクターミナルのオペレーションを劇的に変化させました。これらのシステムは、リアルタイムのデータ分析を使用することで、貨物処理、輸送のスピードと効率を改善し、サプライチェーンの遅延を最小限に抑えます。このテクノロジーを導入することで、ターミナルオペレーターはワークフローの生産性とサプライチェーン全体の有効性を高めることができます。
• 新興市場における投資の増加：バルクターミナルのインフラ投資は、インド、東南アジア、アフリカなどの開発地域で増加傾向にあります。これには、港湾、自動化、バルク商品の需要増に対応するための新ターミナル建設への支出増が含まれます。こうした取り組みは、世界貿易の連結性を向上させるために重要です。

こうした開発により、バルクターミナル業界は持続可能性、効率性、競争力を高めています。インフラと建設、技術的改善、持続可能性への注力は、今後長年にわたってこのセクターの成長を牽引していくと思われます。

目次

第1章 エグゼクティブサマリー

第2章 世界のバルクターミナル市場：市場力学

• イントロダクション、背景、分類
• サプライチェーン
• 業界の促進要因と課題

第3章 市場動向と予測分析（2019年～2031年）

• マクロ経済動向（2019～2024年）と予測（2025～2031年）
• 世界のバルクターミナル市場の動向（2019～2024年）と予測（2025～2031年）
• 世界のバルクターミナル市場：タイプ別
  • ドライバルク
  • リキッドバルク
• 世界のバルクターミナル市場：用途別
  • 食品・飲料
  • 石炭産業
  • 石油・ガス

第4章 市場動向と予測分析：地域別（2019年～2031年）

• 世界のバルクターミナル市場：地域別
• 北米のバルクターミナル市場
• 欧州のバルクターミナル市場
• アジア太平洋のバルクターミナル市場
• その他地域のバルクターミナル市場

第5章 競合分析

• 製品ポートフォリオ分析
• 運用統合
• ポーターのファイブフォース分析

第6章 成長機会と戦略分析

• 成長機会分析
  • 世界のバルクターミナル市場の成長機会：タイプ別
  • 世界のバルクターミナル市場の成長機会：用途別
  • 世界のバルクターミナル市場の成長機会：地域別
• 世界のバルクターミナル市場における新たな動向
• 戦略分析
  • 新製品開発
  • 世界のバルクターミナル市場のキャパシティ拡大
  • 世界のバルクターミナル市場における合併、買収、合弁事業
  • 認証とライセンシング

第7章 主要企業プロファイル

• APM Terminals
• China Merchants Port Holdings Co. Ltd.
• HPC Hamburg Port Consulting GmbH
• Essar Ports
• HES International B.V.
• Ports America, Inc.
• Ultramar Group

The future of the global bulk terminals market looks promising with opportunities in the food and beverage, coal, and oil and gas markets. The global bulk terminals market is expected to grow with a CAGR of 3.7% from 2025 to 2031. The major drivers for this market are the increasing global trade demand, technological advancements in automation and digitalization, and expansion of infrastructure to support larger vessels.

Lucintel forecasts that, within the type category, dry bulk will remain a larger segment over the forecast period.

Within the application category, oil and gas are expected to witness the highest growth.

In terms of region, APAC is expected to witness the highest growth over the forecast period.

Gain valuable insights for your business decisions with our comprehensive 150+ page report. Sample figures with some insights are shown below.

Emerging Trends in the Bulk Terminals Market

Technological innovations, concern for the environment, and changes in trade practices are contributing to the rapid growth of the bulk terminals market. Internally, processes and methods are being enhanced, such as automation and digitalization. Sustainability impacts the sector. These developments are encouraging further market innovations and competition while meeting operational efficiency expectations of stakeholders.

• Robotic Process Automation: A greater degree of automation is now possible in the movement and operations of bulk terminals as robotic systems are used in cargo handling, storage, and sorting. This trend increases speed, lowers human dependency, and minimizes errors. Enhanced operational streamlining enables terminals to achieve unprecedented operational volume precision, thus improving efficiency and safety.
• Sustainable Environmental Practices: There is greater demand for sustainable practices at terminals due to the global focus on environmental sustainability. The industry is increasingly adopting green technologies, including electric cargo handling equipment, solar-powered terminals, and emission reduction devices. Both regulatory and logistics drivers are aiding this process.
• Ports and Smart Terminals: The digitization of ports is improving the visibility and efficiency of operations in the bulk terminal segment. Real-time monitoring, proactive maintenance, and appropriate decision-making can now be done with smart terminals using IoT, AI, and big data analytics. These technologies are crucial for optimizing supply chain management, reducing downtimes, and increasing terminal capacity.
• Port Infrastructure Modification: Ports are being modified to accommodate larger bulk vessels and increasing trade activities. These modifications include deepening harbors, upgrading cranes, and constructing larger terminals for bulk handling. Such expansions are necessary for ports to remain competitive and address new shipping trends.
• Electricity Generation from Renewable Sources: Solar and wind energy are now being integrated into power terminals and other facilities for bulk terminals, leading to a reduction in operational costs and carbon footprints. This step helps meet global sustainability goals and improve the environmental image of bulk terminals.

Increased competitiveness, efficiency, and sustainability are the driving forces behind the changes witnessed in the bulk terminal markets. Furthermore, enhanced automation and digitalized eco-friendly activities will augment operational capabilities while allowing companies to meet heightened environmental standards.

Recent Developments in the Bulk Terminals Market

New trends in the bulk terminals industry suggest a focus on operational efficiency, new technology adoption, and environmental problem mitigation. Key trends include investment in new infrastructure, automation, renewable energy integration, and sustainability programs. Efforts are focused on finding cheaper, integrated, and more environmentally friendly methods of bulk handling to increase output and decrease the negative impacts of bulk handling processes.

• Infrastructure Development and Updating: Many international ports are undertaking massive infrastructure expansion programs to accommodate larger bulk vessels. These projects entail terminal and harbor deepening, new port facility construction, and terminal upgrading. These projects are necessary to accommodate growing international trade and ensure ports remain competitive in the global bulk shipping arena.
• Automation and Technology Adoption: Many bulk terminals are automating processes to improve productivity. AI and IoT technologies are enhancing cargo tracking, maintenance, and operational supervision. These technologies help reduce errors and enhance efficiency and cost-effectiveness in terminal operations.
• Sustainability and Green Technologies: Bulk terminal development projects now prioritize sustainability even further. Terminals are adopting solar panels, electric-powered cargo handling equipment, and alternative fuels in a bid to lower carbon emissions. These initiatives align with the global movement towards green logistics and assist bulk terminals in conforming to stricter environmental laws.
• Smart Logistics and Real-Time Monitoring: Innovations such as smart logistics systems have dramatically transformed the operations of bulk terminals. These systems improve the speed and efficiency of cargo handling, transportation, and minimize supply chain delays by using real-time data analytics. Implementing this technology helps terminal operators enhance workflow productivity and overall supply chain efficacy.
• Increased Investment in Emerging Markets: Bulk terminal infrastructure investment has been on the rise in developing regions such as India, Southeast Asia, and Africa. This includes increased spending on ports, automation, and constructing new terminals to meet the growing demand for bulk goods. These initiatives are important for improving global trade connectivity.

All of these developments are enabling the industry to be more sustainable, efficient, and competitive in bulk terminals. The focus on infrastructure and construction, technological improvements, and sustainability will drive the sector's growth for many years to come.

Strategic Growth Opportunities in the Bulk Terminals Market

Technology, sustainability, and infrastructure expansion developments offer several growth opportunities. Critical applications such as energy transition, automation, and increasing capacity to accommodate larger vessels create major prospects in the sector. The primary focus is to improve operational productivity and environmental quality and respond to global trade needs.

• Incorporation of Renewable Sources of Energy: Renewable sources of energy, such as solar and wind, can greatly assist bulk terminals' operational competency. This not only saves operating costs but also aligns with global sustainability goals. Incorporating renewable energy sources will assist terminals in reducing carbon emissions and achieving environmental targets.
• Container Handling Through Automation and Robotics: The use of automated equipment in cargo handling offers great growth potential for bulk terminals. Increased throughput, lower labor costs, and increased operational precision can all be achieved. Investment in robotics and AI-based solutions will help terminals improve operational efficiency and competitiveness.
• Improvement of Terminal Capacities: With the consistent increase in global trading activities, there is ample room for bulk terminals to improve their infrastructure, which includes upgrading port facilities, deepening harbors, and building new ones that can accommodate larger bulk vessels. These expansions are critical for increasing trade volume and facilitating the smooth flow of goods.
• Green and Sustainability Solutions: Enhancing sustainability is one of the bulk terminal market's major growth drivers. The use of green technologies like electric cargo handling equipment and carbon capture solutions provides great opportunities to reduce emissions. Moreover, sustainability initiatives can help bulk terminals improve their environmental image and comply with stricter environmental laws and regulations.
• Smart Technologies and Digitalization of Terminals: The ongoing transformation of bulk terminals into semi-automated and automated ones using IoT, big data, and AI presents significant growth opportunities. Smart terminals provide real-time data analytics, predictive maintenance, and automatic tracking of cargo, which increases efficiency and reduces costs. This trend is dramatically changing the future of bulk terminals.

These opportunities demonstrate the underlying transformative forces of the bulk terminals market. Advancements in technologies, sustainability, and infrastructure investments provide companies with the ability to improve operational efficiencies and position themselves for future success.

Bulk Terminals Market Driver and Challenges

There are important hurdles and drivers that define the bulk terminal market. The market is poised to grow with global trade shifts, new technologies, and policy changes. At the same time, economic downturns, environmental issues, and infrastructure gaps remain prominent challenges. It is important for market participants to understand these factors for effective planning.

The factors responsible for driving the bulk terminals market include:

1. Growth in International Trade: The growth in international trade is positively impacting the bulk terminal market. The incoming demand for goods from international markets leads to a surge in international business. This has prompted investment in infrastructure such as bulk handling facilities, logistic automation, and other logistical services to cope with the high demand.

2. Technological Innovation: The introduction of AI, robotics, automation, and other advanced technologies is changing how bulk terminals operate. Innovative solutions like automated cargo handling, smart ports, and predictive maintenance bring operational efficiencies, cost savings, and improved business results. These changes help terminal operators stay relevant and competitive in the market, passing on benefits to bulk goods traders and shippers.

3. Infrastructure Improvement: Investments are being made to expand the infrastructure of bulk terminals and deepen ports, which is helping drive the growth of bulk terminal infrastructure. Ports must enhance their infrastructure to keep up with the growing size of bulk vessels, which is essential for meeting shipping needs and increasing economic trends.

4. Sustainability Initiatives: Attention directed towards climate change and environmental issues has caused a shift towards improved sustainability practices in bulk terminals. Technological advancements, like electric-powered equipment and renewable energy sources, are driving operational sustainability improvements and meeting regulatory demands.

5. Operational Cost Reduction and Improved Efficiency: As operational costs rise, there is a focus on closing efficiency gaps at bulk terminals. Automation, digitalization, and process optimization have enabled terminals to lower operational costs while increasing throughput and profitability. These measures are necessary to meet increasing competition in global trade.

Challenges in the bulk terminals market are:

1. Sustainability and Compliance Issues: As environmental regulations become stricter, bulk terminals will face sustainability and emission control challenges. Implementing green technologies has always been expensive, and ensuring compliance with stringent policies poses an additional financial burden on bulk terminal operators.

2. Capital Expenditure Constraints: The implementation of modernization and expansion projects for bulk terminal facilities is limited by insufficient infrastructure financing. Other projects like facility upgrades, automation implementation, and green technology adoption require resources that are often lacking for less financially stable terminals.

3. Shortages of Labor and Gaps in Skills: There is a general issue in the bulk terminal sector of procuring and recruiting a skilled workforce proficient in operating modern systems and machinery. While manual labor can perform certain tasks, many systems need to be controlled or managed, which requires specific skills. Therefore, there is likely to be a skills gap in the industry.

The bulk terminals market is set to experience growth driven by skilled personnel, new technologies, and improved infrastructure. However, the market is susceptible to challenges such as labor gaps, regulatory adherence, and steep funding requirements, which need attention to maintain growth and competition within the sector.

List of Bulk Terminals Companies

Companies in the market compete on the basis of product quality offered. Major players in this market focus on expanding their manufacturing facilities, R&D investments, infrastructural development, and leverage integration opportunities across the value chain. With these strategies bulk terminals companies cater increasing demand, ensure competitive effectiveness, develop innovative products & technologies, reduce production costs, and expand their customer base. Some of the bulk terminals companies profiled in this report include-

• APM Terminals
• China Merchants Port Holdings Co. Ltd.
• HPC Hamburg Port Consulting GmbH
• Essar Ports
• HES International B.V.
• Ports America, Inc.
• Ultramar Group

Bulk Terminals Market by Segment

The study includes a forecast for the global bulk terminals market by type, application, and region.

Bulk Terminals Market by Type [Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• Dry Bulk
• Liquid Bulk

Bulk Terminals Market by Application [Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• Food and Beverage
• Coal Industry
• Oil and Gas

Bulk Terminals Market by Region [Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• The Rest of the World

Country Wise Outlook for the Bulk Terminals Market

The global terminals market has grown at a rapid pace in the USA, China, Germany, India, and Japan due to changes in international trade, modernization, and the greening of the economy. These countries are investing heavily in the development of new infrastructure, operational automation, and green technology integration. Specifically, sustainability in cargo handling, accommodating larger vessels, and adopting eco-friendly practices are transformational. This shift is driving the need for renewal to improve operational performance and meet international operational standards.

• United States: In the USA, there is a clear focus on sustainability and automation in the modernization of bulk terminal facilities. Electric cargo handling equipment has already been adopted by several terminals, helping reduce emissions. Construction is also underway to enhance port infrastructure to accommodate larger vessels. This is part of a broader shift to prepare for increasing trade and the energy transition, including servicing renewable bulk fuels and dealing with low-carbon bulk goods.
• China: China has increased investments in bulk terminals due to the construction of new ports and the modernization of existing ones. These improvements enable faster and more efficient cargo handling. Moreover, China is diversifying its energy sources with policies aimed at cleaner energy options for terminal operations. Alongside these port modernization projects, other areas receiving attention include port logistics, where automation and digital technologies are expected to lower costs related to human resources.
• Germany: Germany has directed its focus towards increasing the sustainability of terminals in bulk services and reducing emissions. Electric-powered machinery, along with green terminal technologies, is also being invested in. Furthermore, Germany is improving interconnections between its inland waterways, which lead to better supply chain management. With the uptake of digitalization, Germany is introducing smart logistical systems for bulk goods, which will provide a competitive advantage in trade with other European countries.
• India: To accommodate India's growing trade in coal, cement, and other materials, India has been improving its bulk terminal capabilities. Major ports are modernizing their infrastructure with automation and sophisticated cargo handling systems. The development of dedicated freight corridors and the drive towards cleaner terminal operations are integral to India's growth strategy. Reduced logistics costs and increased port efficiency within India will likely accelerate development within the segment.
• Japan: Japan is looking to invest in reducing its environmental impact while boosting efficiency. Automation, digital solutions, and robotics are being integrated into cargo handling, alongside aggressive targets for CO2 emissions. This aligns with Japan's port container traffic forecast, which aims to adapt to larger bulk vessel systems. Additionally, Japan's investment is supported by government policies to improve maritime logistics and lower shipping costs to boost competitiveness in the bulk market.

Features of the Global Bulk Terminals Market

Market Size Estimates: Bulk terminals market size estimation in terms of value ($B).

Trend and Forecast Analysis: Market trends (2019 to 2024) and forecast (2025 to 2031) by various segments and regions.

Segmentation Analysis: Bulk terminals market size by type, application, and region in terms of value ($B).

Regional Analysis: Bulk terminals market breakdown by North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of the World.

Growth Opportunities: Analysis of growth opportunities in different types, applications, and regions for the bulk terminals market.

Strategic Analysis: This includes M&A, new product development, and competitive landscape of the bulk terminals market.

Analysis of competitive intensity of the industry based on Porter's Five Forces model.

This report answers following 11 key questions:

• Q.1. What are some of the most promising, high-growth opportunities for the bulk terminals market by type (dry bulk and liquid bulk), application (food and beverage, coal industry, and oil and gas), and region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the World)?
• Q.2. Which segments will grow at a faster pace and why?
• Q.3. Which region will grow at a faster pace and why?
• Q.4. What are the key factors affecting market dynamics? What are the key challenges and business risks in this market?
• Q.5. What are the business risks and competitive threats in this market?
• Q.6. What are the emerging trends in this market and the reasons behind them?
• Q.7. What are some of the changing demands of customers in the market?
• Q.8. What are the new developments in the market? Which companies are leading these developments?
• Q.9. Who are the major players in this market? What strategic initiatives are key players pursuing for business growth?
• Q.10. What are some of the competing products in this market and how big of a threat do they pose for loss of market share by material or product substitution?
• Q.11. What M&A activity has occurred in the last 5 years and what has its impact been on the industry?

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. Global Bulk Terminals Market : Market Dynamics

• 2.1: Introduction, Background, and Classifications
• 2.2: Supply Chain
• 2.3: Industry Drivers and Challenges

3. Market Trends and Forecast Analysis from 2019 to 2031

• 3.1. Macroeconomic Trends (2019-2024) and Forecast (2025-2031)
• 3.2. Global Bulk Terminals Market Trends (2019-2024) and Forecast (2025-2031)
• 3.3: Global Bulk Terminals Market by Type
  • 3.3.1: Dry Bulk
  • 3.3.2: Liquid Bulk
• 3.4: Global Bulk Terminals Market by Application
  • 3.4.1: Food and Beverage
  • 3.4.2: Coal Industry
  • 3.4.3: Oil and Gas

4. Market Trends and Forecast Analysis by Region from 2019 to 2031

• 4.1: Global Bulk Terminals Market by Region
• 4.2: North American Bulk Terminals Market
  • 4.2.1: North American Market by Type: Dry Bulk and Liquid Bulk
  • 4.2.2: North American Market by Application: Food and Beverage, Coal Industry, and Oil and Gas
• 4.3: European Bulk Terminals Market
  • 4.3.1: European Market by Type: Dry Bulk and Liquid Bulk
  • 4.3.2: European Market by Application: Food and Beverage, Coal Industry, and Oil and Gas
• 4.4: APAC Bulk Terminals Market
  • 4.4.1: APAC Market by Type: Dry Bulk and Liquid Bulk
  • 4.4.2: APAC Market by Application: Food and Beverage, Coal Industry, and Oil and Gas
• 4.5: ROW Bulk Terminals Market
  • 4.5.1: ROW Market by Type: Dry Bulk and Liquid Bulk
  • 4.5.2: ROW Market by Application: Food and Beverage, Coal Industry, and Oil and Gas

5. Competitor Analysis

• 5.1: Product Portfolio Analysis
• 5.2: Operational Integration
• 5.3: Porter's Five Forces Analysis

6. Growth Opportunities and Strategic Analysis

• 6.1: Growth Opportunity Analysis
  • 6.1.1: Growth Opportunities for the Global Bulk Terminals Market by Type
  • 6.1.2: Growth Opportunities for the Global Bulk Terminals Market by Application
  • 6.1.3: Growth Opportunities for the Global Bulk Terminals Market by Region
• 6.2: Emerging Trends in the Global Bulk Terminals Market
• 6.3: Strategic Analysis
  • 6.3.1: New Product Development
  • 6.3.2: Capacity Expansion of the Global Bulk Terminals Market
  • 6.3.3: Mergers, Acquisitions, and Joint Ventures in the Global Bulk Terminals Market
  • 6.3.4: Certification and Licensing

7. Company Profiles of Leading Players

• 7.1: APM Terminals
• 7.2: China Merchants Port Holdings Co. Ltd.
• 7.3: HPC Hamburg Port Consulting GmbH
• 7.4: Essar Ports
• 7.5: HES International B.V.
• 7.6: Ports America, Inc.
• 7.7: Ultramar Group