プラスチック分解バクテリア市場レポート：2031年までの動向、予測、競合分析

世界のプラスチック分解バクテリア市場の将来は、埋立地、海洋、湖沼、池の各市場における機会で有望視されています。世界のプラスチック分解バクテリア市場は、2025年から2031年までのCAGRが16.3%で、2031年までに推定10万米ドルに達すると予想されています。この市場の主な促進要因は、埋立地や海洋におけるプラスチックの蓄積量の増加と、プラスチック汚染に関する懸念の高まりです。

• Lucintelの予測によると、樹脂別では、生分解が容易なポリエチレンテレフタレート（PET）分野が予測期間中に高い成長を遂げる見込みです。
• 用途別では、プラスチック廃棄物管理に対するより持続可能な解決策への需要が高まっていることから、埋立地が引き続き最大セグメントとなると思われます。
• 地域別では、グリーン技術開発への政府投資の増加により、欧州が予測期間中最大の地域であり続けると思われます。

プラスチック分解バクテリア市場の戦略的成長機会

プラスチック分解バクテリアのニッチ市場には、様々な応用分野において戦略的成長機会がいくつか存在します。これらの機会は、プラスチック汚染に対処するための技術革新と市場拡大の潜在的な領域を浮き彫りにします。

• 廃棄物管理施設：廃棄物管理施設へのプラスチック分解バクテリアの導入は、大きな成長の可能性を示しています。廃棄物治療にこのようなプラストファージ菌を利用することで、従来の方法では処理が困難なプラスチックを分解する最も簡単な方法をプロセスに適用することができます。この統合は、廃棄物処理システムに組み込まれれば、プラスチックの削減とリサイクルを促進することができます。
• 海洋浄化プロジェクト：海洋浄化プロジェクトにプラスチック食バクテリア技術を活用できる可能性があります。これらの微生物は、海洋生態系内で海洋プラスチック廃棄物を遮断するバイオレメディエーション・アプローチに特に有用であろう。このような応用は、海洋のプラスチック汚染に関する環境保護を促進します。
• 消費者製品と包装：消費者向け製品や包装資材の生産に、プラスチック分解バクテリアを組み込む機会があります。これらのバクテリアを生分解性プラスチック包装に組み込み、余ったプラスチック材料を消費する技術を開発することができます。これは持続可能性の目標に合致し、グリーン製品の潜在的な新市場を開くことになります。
• 農業廃棄物管理：プラスチック分解バクテリア株は、廃棄物管理を通じて農業土壌のプラスチック汚染を軽減することができます。これらの細菌を農業廃棄物管理プロセスで使用すれば、土壌中のプラスチック廃棄物を最小限に抑え、持続可能な農業のために土壌の質を向上させることができます。
• 研究開発への取り組み：プラスチック分解バクテリアの研究開発に関連する問題は、科学的・商業的な両面から潜在的な成長の可能性を示唆しています。これには、他の細菌株の探索、分解プロセスの完成、適用モデルの作成などが含まれます。研究開発努力は作業パッケージの一部となり、様々な用途におけるプラスチック分解バクテリアの効率と性能の向上に役立ちます。

こうした戦略的成長機会は、プラスチック分解バクテリアの多用途性と、プラスチック危機との闘いに対するその意味合いについて洞察を与えてくれます。企業や研究者はこれらの機会を活用して、効率的な廃棄物管理を強化し、環境保護に向けた取り組みを推進すべきです。

プラスチック分解バクテリア市場の促進要因・課題

プラスチック分解バクテリアの開発・利用プロセスには、技術、経済、規制など様々な要因が絡んでくる。これらの要因を分析することが、この分野の進展と課題への対処の鍵となります。

プラスチック分解バクテリア市場を牽引する要因には、以下のようなものがある：

• 評価と結論プラスチック分解バクテリアの開発は、遺伝子工学と微生物学の進歩にかかっています。これらの微生物の有用で適応性の高い菌株を導入することは、プラスチック汚染の解決策を迅速に進めるのに役立ちます。また、合成生物学は、より優れた分解能力を持つバクテリアの開発に有利に働きます。
• 環境問題への関心の高まり：プラスチック汚染に対する懸念の高まりは、プラスチック分解バクテリアの市場を生み出します。一般市民や当局は、プラスチック廃棄物に対する持続可能なアプローチを考案することにますます重点を置くようになっており、このようなバクテリアの配備に対する需要を生み出しています。
• 規制支援：環境技術に対する支援的な規制枠組みとインセンティブが、プラスチック分解バクテリアの成長を促進します。政府や機関は、プラスチック廃棄物の削減を目指す調査やプロジェクトへの投資を奨励し、こうした技術の実用化を後押ししています。
• 持続可能性に対する市場の需要：持続可能なソリューションに対する市場の需要の高まりは、プラスチック分解バクテリアの成功にとって極めて重要です。企業や一般市民は、プラスチック汚染を防ぐための新しく効果的な方法を求めており、環境に適した製品や技術に対する需要を形成しています。
• 経済的考察：経済的要因、特に研究開発・展開コストに関連する要因は、プラスチック破砕バクテリアを含む技術の進歩に影響を与えます。研究の進展と応用レベルの向上には、資金調達と投資が不可欠です。また、これらの技術が広く採用されるためには、経済的に実行可能でなければならないです。

プラスチック分解バクテリア市場における課題は以下の通り：

• 技術的限界：いくつかのハードルには、バクテリアの性能やプラスチック分解に関する技術的限界があります。既存のバクテリアは、特性の異なるあらゆる種類のプラスチックに効果があるとは限らず、効果的に機能するためには特定の環境が必要な場合もあります。これらの課題に対処することは、使用範囲を拡大する上で極めて重要です。
• 環境への影響：プラスチック分解バクテリアを生態系に導入することによる環境への悪影響が懸念されています。プラスチック廃棄物対策と同時に、これらのバクテリアが地域の動植物に害を与えないことを確実にするためには、徹底的な評価が必要です。
• 規制のハードルプラスチック分解バクテリアの技術は、数多くの規制をクリアしなければならないです。環境・安全規制に関する法的要件を遵守することは重要だが、困難で時間がかかる可能性があります。

先に強調したように、プラスチック分解バクテリアの製剤化と市場の創出には、機会と課題の両方を含むさまざまな要因が絡んでいます。プッシュ要因としては、技術革新や環境問題の高まりが挙げられ、プル要因としては、技術、環境意識、法的規制などが挙げられます。これらの要因に対処することは、プラスチック廃棄物汚染への取り組みにおいてプラスチック分解バクテリアの利用を成功させるために不可欠です。

目次

第1章 エグゼクティブサマリー

第2章 世界のプラスチック分解バクテリア市場：市場力学

• イントロダクション、背景、分類
• サプライチェーン
• 業界の促進要因と課題

第3章 2019年から2031年までの市場動向と予測分析

• マクロ経済動向（2019-2024年）と予測（2025-2031年）
• 世界のプラスチック分解バクテリア市場の動向（2019年～2024年）と予測（2025年～2031年）
• 樹脂別
  • ポリエチレンテレフタレート（PET）
  • ポリウレタン（PUR）
  • その他
• 用途別
  • 埋立地
  • 海洋
  • 湖
  • 池
  • その他

第4章 2019年から2031年までの地域別市場動向と予測分析

• 地域別：世界のプラスチック分解バクテリア市場
• 北米のプラスチック分解バクテリア市場
• 欧州のプラスチック分解バクテリア市場
• アジア太平洋地域のプラスチック分解バクテリア市場
• その他地域のプラスチック分解バクテリア市場

第5章 競合分析

• 製品ポートフォリオ分析
• 運用統合
• ポーターのファイブフォース分析

第6章 成長機会と戦略分析

• 成長機会分析
  • 樹脂別
  • 用途別
  • 地域別
• 世界のプラスチック分解バクテリア市場の新たな動向
• 戦略分析
  • 新製品開発
  • 世界のプラスチック分解バクテリア市場の生産能力拡大
  • 世界のプラスチック分解バクテリア市場における合併、買収、合弁事業
  • 認証とライセンシング

第7章 主要企業の企業プロファイル

• Carbios
• Pyrowave
• EREMA
• Sidel

The future of the global plastic-eating bacteria market looks promising with opportunities in the landfill, ocean, lake, and pond markets. The global plastic-eating bacteria market is expected to reach an estimated $0.1 million by 2031 with a CAGR of 16.3% from 2025 to 2031. The major drivers for this market are the increasing accumulation of plastics in landfills and oceans and growing concerns regarding plastic pollution.

• Lucintel forecasts that, within the resin category, the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) segment is expected to witness higher growth over the forecast period as it is easily biodegradable.
• Within the application category, landfills will remain the largest segment due to the rising demand for more sustainable solutions to plastic waste management.
• In terms of regions, Europe will remain the largest region over the forecast period due to increasing investment by the government in the development of green technologies.

Gain valuable insight for your business decision with our comprehensive 150+ page report.

Emerging Trends in the Plastic-Eating Bacteria Market

The area of plastic-eating bacteria development is dynamic and spans many emerging fields that encompass advances in technology and application strategies. These developments are changing the paradigm of dealing with plastic waste and fostering sustainable development objectives.

• Genetic Engineering and Synthetic Biology: The implementation of genetic engineering makes it possible to develop bacteria with advanced techniques for degrading plastics. These microorganisms are designed to possess enzymes that can effectively break down specific types of plastic. This trend is crucial for formulating measures to remediate particular types of plastic waste pollution.
• Field Deployment and Real-World Applications: More efforts are being directed toward the actual utilization of plastic-eating bacteria in practical locations such as waste treatment plants and refuse sites aimed at maximizing the yields from these projects. Clinical assessments and pilot schemes have been undertaken to measure the effects of these bacteria in real-life situations, focusing on their effectiveness and impact on reducing plastic waste.
• Marine Applications: More studies are being conducted on utilizing plastic-eating bacteria in water bodies due to the rising prevalence of plastic pollution in oceans. Developments include engineering bacteria that can withstand cold and salty conditions, which poses challenges in addressing the plastic waste issue in marine environments.
• Combination with Other Technologies: One trend is the integration of plastic-eating bacteria with other debris management technologies. This strategy involves applying bacterial treatment alongside physical and chemical procedures to improve the overall plastic waste treatment and recovery processes.
• Environmental Impact and Safety Assessments: With attention to deploying bacteria that can feed on plastic, there is increasing concern over environmental and safety considerations. Studies are underway to understand the effects of these bacteria on ecosystems and whether their use would be beneficial.

These trends are poised to change the field of plastic-eating bacteria, including boosting their efficiency, availability, and safety. With advances in this area, it is anticipated that these developments will be critical in solving the problem of plastic waste and promoting environmental conservation.

Recent Developments in the Plastic-Eating Bacteria Market

The recent advances in plastic-eating bacteria showcase advanced bioremediation technologies concerning plastic waste management. Most of the advances include bacterial performance, environmental applications, and developments in genetic modification.

• Genetic Engineering: Scientists have achieved targeted genetic modifications of plastic-eating bacteria intending to improve the variety of plastics they can degrade. Advances include enhancing the efficiency of the bacteria by developing enzymes catalyzed by bacterial sludge that digests complex polymers, thereby increasing the utilization of different types of plastic waste.
• Field Trials and Practical Applications: More field tests and applications of plastic-eating bacteria are becoming common. These trials evaluate the efficacy of these microorganisms for waste management in treatment plants, landfills, and water bodies. The findings from these investigations suggest the possibility of deploying these microorganisms for large-scale waste management.
• Marine Environment Adaptation: Much work has been done toward the adaptation of these bacteria to waterproofing and targeting pathogenic microorganisms. Sufficient and cold-water-tolerant strains have been engineered to help reduce plastic in the oceans and address this pollution.
• Integration with Waste Management Systems: It is increasingly becoming standard practice to combine plastic-eating bacteria with other waste management approaches. This practice involves treating microbiological waste jointly with mechanical and chemical methods to increase the recycling efficiency of plastic waste.
• Safety and Environmental Impact Studies: With plastic pollution on the rise, more research is being conducted on the environmental safety of plastic-eating bacteria. Assessments are being done to ensure that the adoption of these bacteria does not harm ecosystems, thus achieving waste management and environmental protection.

These developments extend the reach of plastic-eating bacteria for plastic waste management to new possibilities. It can be reasonably envisioned that research and development of these technologies will be promising not only for waste management but also for other areas aimed at flexible ways of decreasing plastic contamination.

Strategic Growth Opportunities for Plastic-Eating Bacteria Market

The plastic-eating bacteria niche offers several strategic growth opportunities in various application areas. These opportunities highlight potential areas for innovation and market expansion in addressing plastic pollution.

• Waste Management Facilities: The introduction of plastic-eating bacteria into waste management facilities presents significant growth potential. By utilizing these plastophage bacteria in waste treatment, processes can apply the simplest method to degrade plastics that are hard to treat by conventional means. This integration can promote the reduction and recycling of plastic once it is incorporated into waste disposal systems.
• Marine Cleanup Projects: There are potential prospects for utilizing plastic-eating bacteria technology in marine cleanup projects. These microorganisms may be particularly useful in bioremediation approaches to intercept oceanic plastic waste within marine ecosystems. Such an application promotes environmental protection regarding plastic pollution in the oceans.
• Consumer Products and Packaging: There is an opportunity for the incorporation of plastic-eating bacteria in the production of consumer products and packaging materials. Techniques can be developed to integrate these bacteria into biodegradable plastic packaging to consume any leftover plastic materials. This aligns with sustainability goals and opens potential new markets for green products.
• Agricultural Waste Management: Plastic-eating bacterial strains can reduce plastic pollution in agricultural soils through waste management practices. If these bacteria are used in agricultural waste management processes, plastic waste in the soil can be minimized, improving soil quality for sustainable agriculture.
• Research and Development Initiatives: Issues associated with the research and development of plastic-eating bacteria suggest potential growth prospects from both scientific and commercial angles. This includes searching for other bacterial strains, perfecting the degradation process, and creating applicable models. R&D efforts can be part of a work package and can help improve the efficiency and performance of plastic-eating bacteria in various applications.

These strategic growth opportunities provide insight into the versatility of plastic-eating bacteria and their implications for combating the plastics crisis. Businesses and researchers should utilize these opportunities to enhance efficient waste management and promote efforts toward protecting the environment.

Plastic-Eating Bacteria Market Driver and Challenges

The processes of developing and utilizing plastic-eating bacteria are subject to various factors, some of which include technology, economics, and regulation. Analyzing these factors is key to the progress of the discipline and addressing challenges.

The factors responsible for driving the plastic-eating bacteria market include:

• Evaluation and Conclusions: The development of plastic-eating bacteria depends on advancements in genetic engineering and microbiology. Implementing useful and highly adaptive strains of these microbes helps fast-track solutions to plastic pollution. Synthetic biology also provides an advantage in developing bacteria with better degradation capabilities.
• Increasing Environmental Concern: Growing concerns about plastic pollution create a market for plastic-eating bacteria. The public and authorities are increasingly focused on devising sustainable approaches to plastic waste, generating demand for the deployment of such bacteria.
• Regulatory Support: Supportive regulatory frameworks and incentives for environmental technologies drive the growth of plastic-eating bacteria. Governments and institutions encourage research and invest in projects that aim to reduce plastic waste, helping to bring these technologies into existence and use.
• Market Demand for Sustainability: The growing market demand for sustainable solutions is crucial for the success of plastic-eating bacteria. Businesses and the public are seeking new and effective ways to prevent plastic pollution, shaping demand for environmentally appropriate products and technologies.
• Economic Considerations: Economic factors, particularly related to research, development, and deployment costs, influence the advancement of technology involving plastic-eating bacteria. Funding and investment are imperative for progressing research and increasing application levels. These technologies must also be economically viable for widespread adoption.

Challenges in the plastic-eating bacteria market are:

• Technical Limitations: Several hurdles include technical limitations regarding bacterial performance and plastic degradation. Existing bacteria may not be effective on all types of plastics with different characteristics or may require specific environments to function effectively. Addressing these challenges is critical for expanding their range of use.
• Environmental Impact: Concerns have been raised about the potential adverse environmental implications of introducing plastic-eating bacteria into ecosystems. Thorough evaluations are necessary to ensure that these bacteria do not harm local flora and fauna while combating plastic waste.
• Regulatory Hurdles: The technology for plastic-eating bacteria faces numerous regulations that must be met. Complying with legal requirements regarding environmental and safety restrictions is important but may be challenging and time-consuming.

As highlighted earlier, the formulation of plastic-eating bacteria and the creation of a market interface with various factors, including both opportunities and challenges. The push factors can be attributed to technological change and growing environmental concerns, while the pull factors include technology, environmental awareness, and legal regulations. Addressing these factors is vital for the successful use of plastic-eating bacteria in tackling plastic waste pollution.

List of Plastic-Eating Bacteria Companies

Companies in the market compete on the basis of product quality offered. Major players in this market focus on expanding their manufacturing facilities, R&D investments, infrastructural development, and leverage integration opportunities across the value chain. Through these strategies plastic-eating bacteria companies cater increasing demand, ensure competitive effectiveness, develop innovative products & technologies, reduce production costs, and expand their customer base. Some of the plastic-eating bacteria companies profiled in this report include-

• Carbios
• Pyrowave
• EREMA
• Sidel

Plastic-Eating Bacteria by Segment

The study includes a forecast for the global plastic-eating bacteria market by resin, application, and region.

Plastic-Eating Bacteria Market by Resin [Analysis by Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
• Polyurethane (PUR)
• Others

Plastic-Eating Bacteria Market by Application [Analysis by Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• Landfills
• Oceans
• Lakes
• Ponds
• Others

Plastic-Eating Bacteria Market by Region [Analysis by Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• The Rest of the World

Country Wise Outlook for the Plastic-Eating Bacteria Market

The recent progress made by scientists in the development of bacteria that consume plastic may very well provide a breakthrough in managing the problem of plastic pollution. Their activities are focused on improving these microorganisms' properties and their utilization, enhancing their applicability in bioremediation processes that plastic uses. These efforts are important for reducing the harmful effects of plastics and improving bioremediation processes.

• United States: In the U.S., there has been an increasing interest in studying plastic-eating bacteria that are genetically modified and have better degradation capabilities than natural ones. Among these developments include new varieties of microbes bred to tackle diverse plastics in more efficient ways. Efforts are in place at universities such as MIT and Stanford to enable more of these solutions to be more commercially used, engineering more suitable bacterial strains and studying the ecology of these activities.
• China: In the real world, the use of plastic-eating bacteria has seen some progress in China research. There have been successful tests of these bacteria in wastewater treatment plants and landfill sites in China to help solve plastic waste problems on a bigger scale. Advances include making the bacteria resistant to unfavorable environmental conditions as well as improving the degradation of the more elaborate plastic compositions.
• Germany: In Germany, the emphasis is on the introduction of plastic-eating bacteria into waste disposal systems. Scientists created thermophilic bacteria able to exist under a wide range of conditions, including that of the sea. These Germany-based programs also investigate the potential of these bacteria to be used along with other technologies of waste management for more effectiveness and sustainability.
• India: In India, on the other hand, there are attempts to formulate affordable plastic-eating bacteria that can be used efficiently in urban and rural solid waste management. Indian scholars have successfully harvested indigenous bacterial strains that have plastid degrading capabilities among the many disposed in India. Such recent developments involve field trials and collaborations with local government authorities to implement these bacteria in waste reduction strategy programs.
• Japan: Japan has been able to lead the world in developing and applying genetically modified plastic-eating bacteria for their use in waste reduction systems especially at sea. Among these bacterial strains developed by Japanese scientists are those that can degrade plastics that are found in seawater and other ocean environments. Also, the development of the bacteria has involved enhancing its efficiency in marine regions with cold temperatures and applying it in pollution response activities.

Features of the Global Plastic-Eating Bacteria Market

Market Size Estimates: Plastic-eating bacteria market size estimation in terms of value ($M).

Trend and Forecast Analysis: Market trends (2019 to 2024) and forecast (2025 to 2031) by various segments and regions.

Segmentation Analysis: Plastic-eating bacteria market size by resin, application, and region in terms of value ($M).

Regional Analysis: Plastic-eating bacteria market breakdown by North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of the World.

Growth Opportunities: Analysis of growth opportunities in different resins, applications, and regions for the plastic-eating bacteria market.

Strategic Analysis: This includes M&A, new product development, and competitive landscape of the plastic-eating bacteria market.

Analysis of competitive intensity of the industry based on Porter's Five Forces model.

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This report answers following 11 key questions:

• Q.1. What are some of the most promising, high-growth opportunities for the plastic-eating bacteria market by resin (polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyurethane (PUR), and others), application (landfills, oceans, lakes, ponds, and others), and region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the World)?
• Q.2. Which segments will grow at a faster pace and why?
• Q.3. Which region will grow at a faster pace and why?
• Q.4. What are the key factors affecting market dynamics? What are the key challenges and business risks in this market?
• Q.5. What are the business risks and competitive threats in this market?
• Q.6. What are the emerging trends in this market and the reasons behind them?
• Q.7. What are some of the changing demands of customers in the market?
• Q.8. What are the new developments in the market? Which companies are leading these developments?
• Q.9. Who are the major players in this market? What strategic initiatives are key players pursuing for business growth?
• Q.10. What are some of the competing products in this market and how big of a threat do they pose for loss of market share by material or product substitution?
• Q.11. What M&A activity has occurred in the last 5 years and what has its impact been on the industry?

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. Global Plastic-Eating Bacteria Market : Market Dynamics

• 2.1: Introduction, Background, and Classifications
• 2.2: Supply Chain
• 2.3: Industry Drivers and Challenges

3. Market Trends and Forecast Analysis from 2019 to 2031

• 3.1. Macroeconomic Trends (2019-2024) and Forecast (2025-2031)
• 3.2. Global Plastic-Eating Bacteria Market Trends (2019-2024) and Forecast (2025-2031)
• 3.3: Global Plastic-Eating Bacteria Market by Resin
  • 3.3.1: Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
  • 3.3.2: Polyurethane (PUR)
  • 3.3.3: Others
• 3.4: Global Plastic-Eating Bacteria Market by Application
  • 3.4.1: Landfills
  • 3.4.2: Oceans
  • 3.4.3: Lakes
  • 3.4.4: Ponds
  • 3.4.5: Others

4. Market Trends and Forecast Analysis by Region from 2019 to 2031

• 4.1: Global Plastic-Eating Bacteria Market by Region
• 4.2: North American Plastic-Eating Bacteria Market
  • 4.2.1: North American Market by Resin: Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), Polyurethane (PUR), and Others
  • 4.2.2: North American Market by Application: Landfills, Oceans, Lakes, Ponds, and Others
• 4.3: European Plastic-Eating Bacteria Market
  • 4.3.1: European Market by Resin: Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), Polyurethane (PUR), and Others
  • 4.3.2: European Market by Application: Landfills, Oceans, Lakes, Ponds, and Others
• 4.4: APAC Plastic-Eating Bacteria Market
  • 4.4.1: APAC Market by Resin: Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), Polyurethane (PUR), and Others
  • 4.4.2: APAC Market by Application: Landfills, Oceans, Lakes, Ponds, and Others
• 4.5: ROW Plastic-Eating Bacteria Market
  • 4.5.1: ROW Market by Resin: Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), Polyurethane (PUR), and Others
  • 4.5.2: ROW Market by Application: Landfills, Oceans, Lakes, Ponds, and Others

5. Competitor Analysis

• 5.1: Product Portfolio Analysis
• 5.2: Operational Integration
• 5.3: Porter's Five Forces Analysis

6. Growth Opportunities and Strategic Analysis

• 6.1: Growth Opportunity Analysis
  • 6.1.1: Growth Opportunities for the Global Plastic-Eating Bacteria Market by Resin
  • 6.1.2: Growth Opportunities for the Global Plastic-Eating Bacteria Market by Application
  • 6.1.3: Growth Opportunities for the Global Plastic-Eating Bacteria Market by Region
• 6.2: Emerging Trends in the Global Plastic-Eating Bacteria Market
• 6.3: Strategic Analysis
  • 6.3.1: New Product Development
  • 6.3.2: Capacity Expansion of the Global Plastic-Eating Bacteria Market
  • 6.3.3: Mergers, Acquisitions, and Joint Ventures in the Global Plastic-Eating Bacteria Market
  • 6.3.4: Certification and Licensing

7. Company Profiles of Leading Players

• 7.1: Carbios
• 7.2: Pyrowave
• 7.3: EREMA
• 7.4: Sidel