市場調査レポート
商品コード
1456850

mRNA合成原料の世界市場 2024-2028

Global mRNA Synthesis Raw Material Market 2024-2028

出版日: | 発行: TechNavio | ページ情報: 英文 170 Pages | 納期: 即納可能 即納可能とは

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価格
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本日の銀行送金レート: 1USD=158.97円
mRNA合成原料の世界市場 2024-2028
出版日: 2024年03月14日
発行: TechNavio
ページ情報: 英文 170 Pages
納期: 即納可能 即納可能とは
  • 全表示
  • 概要
  • 図表
  • 目次
概要

mRNA合成原料市場は2023-2028年に7億7,645万米ドル、予測期間中のCAGRは4.93%で成長すると予測されます。

当レポートでは、mRNA合成原料市場の全体的な分析、市場規模・予測、動向、成長促進要因、課題、約25のベンダーを網羅したベンダー分析などを掲載しています。

現在の市場シナリオ、最新動向と促進要因、市場環境全体に関する最新分析を提供しています。慢性疾患や感染症の蔓延、mRNA技術の進歩、mRNAワクチンの優位性などが市場を牽引しています。

市場範囲
基準年 2024
終了年 2028
予測期間 2024-2028
成長モメンタム 加速
前年比2024年 4.34%
CAGR 4.93%
増分額 7億7,645万米ドル

本調査では、今後数年間のmRNA合成原料市場成長を牽引する主な要因の一つとして、mRNA合成に関連するバイオテクノロジーと製造プロセスにおけるコラボレーションを挙げています。また、持続可能で環境に優しい原材料への需要の高まりや、製薬会社やバイオ医薬品会社によるR&D投資の増加は、市場の大きな需要につながります。

目次

第1章 エグゼクティブサマリー

  • 市場概要

第2章 市場情勢

  • 市場エコシステム

第3章 市場規模

  • 市場の定義
  • 市場セグメント分析
  • 市場規模 2023
  • 市場の見通し 2023-2028

第4章 市場規模実績

  • mRNA合成原料の世界市場 2018-2022
  • 用途別セグメント分析 2018-2022
  • エンドユーザー別セグメント分析 2018-2022
  • 地域別セグメント分析 2018-2022
  • 国別セグメント分析 2018-2022

第5章 ファイブフォース分析

  • ファイブフォースの要約
  • 買い手の交渉力
  • 供給企業の交渉力
  • 新規参入業者の脅威
  • 代替品の脅威
  • 競争の脅威
  • 市況

第6章 市場セグメンテーション:用途別

  • 市場セグメント
  • 比較:用途別
  • ワクチン製造:市場規模と予測 2023-2028
  • 治療薬の製造:市場規模と予測 2023-2028
  • その他:市場規模と予測 2023-2028
  • 市場機会:用途別

第7章 市場セグメンテーション:エンドユーザー別

  • 市場セグメント
  • 比較:エンドユーザー別
  • バイオ医薬品と製薬会社:市場規模と予測 2023-2028
  • CROとCMO:市場規模と予測 2023-2028
  • 学術調査機関:市場規模と予測 2023-2028
  • 市場機会:エンドユーザー別

第8章 顧客情勢

  • 顧客情勢の概要

第9章 地域別情勢

  • 地域別セグメンテーション
  • 地域別比較
  • 北米:市場規模と予測 2023-2028
  • 欧州:市場規模と予測 2023-2028
  • アジア:市場規模と予測 2023-2028
  • 世界のその他の地域:市場規模と予測 2023-2028
  • 米国:市場規模と予測 2023-2028
  • 中国:市場規模と予測 2023-2028
  • ドイツ:市場規模と予測 2023-2028
  • 英国:市場規模と予測 2023-2028
  • 日本:市場規模と予測 2023-2028
  • 市場機会:地域情勢別

第10章 促進要因、課題、および動向

  • 市場促進要因
  • 市場の課題
  • 促進要因と課題の影響
  • 市場動向

第11章 ベンダー情勢

  • 概要
  • ベンダー情勢
  • 混乱の状況
  • 業界のリスク

第12章 ベンダー分析

  • 対象ベンダー
  • ベンダーの市場ポジショニング
  • BioNTech SE
  • BOCSCI Inc.
  • Creative Biolabs
  • CureVac AG
  • F. Hoffmann La Roche Ltd.
  • HONGENE
  • Jena Bioscience GmbH
  • Lonza Group Ltd.
  • Maravai LifeSciences Holdings Inc.
  • Merck KGaA
  • New England Biolabs Inc.
  • Pfizer Inc.
  • Promega Corp.
  • Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
  • Yeasen Biotechnology Co. Ltd.

第13章 付録

図表

Exhibits:

  • Exhibits1: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Overview
  • Exhibits2: Executive Summary - Data Table on Market Overview
  • Exhibits3: Executive Summary - Chart on Global Market Characteristics
  • Exhibits4: Executive Summary - Chart on Market By Geographical Landscape
  • Exhibits5: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Application
  • Exhibits6: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by End-user
  • Exhibits7: Executive Summary - Chart on Incremental Growth
  • Exhibits8: Executive Summary - Data Table on Incremental Growth
  • Exhibits9: Executive Summary - Chart on Vendor Market Positioning
  • Exhibits10: Parent market
  • Exhibits11: Market Characteristics
  • Exhibits12: Offerings of vendors included in the market definition
  • Exhibits13: Market segments
  • Exhibits14: Chart on Global - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits15: Data Table on Global - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits16: Chart on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits17: Data Table on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits18: Historic Market Size - Data Table on global mrna synthesis raw material market 2018 - 2022 ($ million)
  • Exhibits19: Historic Market Size - Application Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ million)
  • Exhibits20: Historic Market Size - End-user Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ million)
  • Exhibits21: Historic Market Size - Geography Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ million)
  • Exhibits22: Historic Market Size - Country Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ million)
  • Exhibits23: Five forces analysis - Comparison between 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits24: Chart on Bargaining power of buyers - Impact of key factors 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits25: Bargaining power of suppliers - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits26: Threat of new entrants - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits27: Threat of substitutes - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits28: Threat of rivalry - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits29: Chart on Market condition - Five forces 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits30: Chart on Application - Market share 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits31: Data Table on Application - Market share 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits32: Chart on Comparison by Application
  • Exhibits33: Data Table on Comparison by Application
  • Exhibits34: Chart on Vaccine production - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits35: Data Table on Vaccine production - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits36: Chart on Vaccine production - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits37: Data Table on Vaccine production - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits38: Chart on Therapeutics production - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits39: Data Table on Therapeutics production - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits40: Chart on Therapeutics production - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits41: Data Table on Therapeutics production - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits42: Chart on Others - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits43: Data Table on Others - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits44: Chart on Others - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits45: Data Table on Others - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits46: Market opportunity by Application ($ million)
  • Exhibits47: Data Table on Market opportunity by Application ($ million)
  • Exhibits48: Chart on End-user - Market share 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits49: Data Table on End-user - Market share 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits50: Chart on Comparison by End-user
  • Exhibits51: Data Table on Comparison by End-user
  • Exhibits52: Chart on Biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits53: Data Table on Biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits54: Chart on Biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits55: Data Table on Biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits56: Chart on CROs and CMOs - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits57: Data Table on CROs and CMOs - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits58: Chart on CROs and CMOs - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits59: Data Table on CROs and CMOs - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits60: Chart on Academic and research institutions - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits61: Data Table on Academic and research institutions - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits62: Chart on Academic and research institutions - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits63: Data Table on Academic and research institutions - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits64: Market opportunity by End-user ($ million)
  • Exhibits65: Data Table on Market opportunity by End-user ($ million)
  • Exhibits66: Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria
  • Exhibits67: Chart on Market share By Geographical Landscape 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits68: Data Table on Market share By Geographical Landscape 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits69: Chart on Geographic comparison
  • Exhibits70: Data Table on Geographic comparison
  • Exhibits71: Chart on North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits72: Data Table on North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits73: Chart on North America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits74: Data Table on North America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits75: Chart on Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits76: Data Table on Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits77: Chart on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits78: Data Table on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits79: Chart on Asia - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits80: Data Table on Asia - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits81: Chart on Asia - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits82: Data Table on Asia - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits83: Chart on Rest of World (ROW) - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits84: Data Table on Rest of World (ROW) - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits85: Chart on Rest of World (ROW) - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits86: Data Table on Rest of World (ROW) - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits87: Chart on US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits88: Data Table on US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits89: Chart on US - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits90: Data Table on US - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits91: Chart on China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits92: Data Table on China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits93: Chart on China - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits94: Data Table on China - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits95: Chart on Germany - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits96: Data Table on Germany - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits97: Chart on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits98: Data Table on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits99: Chart on UK - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits100: Data Table on UK - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits101: Chart on UK - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits102: Data Table on UK - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits103: Chart on Japan - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits104: Data Table on Japan - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits105: Chart on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits106: Data Table on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits107: Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape ($ million)
  • Exhibits108: Data Tables on Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape ($ million)
  • Exhibits109: Impact of drivers and challenges in 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits110: Overview on Criticality of inputs and Factors of differentiation
  • Exhibits111: Overview on factors of disruption
  • Exhibits112: Impact of key risks on business
  • Exhibits113: Vendors covered
  • Exhibits114: Matrix on vendor position and classification
  • Exhibits115: BioNTech SE - Overview
  • Exhibits116: BioNTech SE - Product / Service
  • Exhibits117: BioNTech SE - Key offerings
  • Exhibits118: BOCSCI Inc. - Overview
  • Exhibits119: BOCSCI Inc. - Product / Service
  • Exhibits120: BOCSCI Inc. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits121: Creative Biolabs - Overview
  • Exhibits122: Creative Biolabs - Product / Service
  • Exhibits123: Creative Biolabs - Key offerings
  • Exhibits124: CureVac AG - Overview
  • Exhibits125: CureVac AG - Product / Service
  • Exhibits126: CureVac AG - Key offerings
  • Exhibits127: F. Hoffmann La Roche Ltd. - Overview
  • Exhibits128: F. Hoffmann La Roche Ltd. - Business segments
  • Exhibits129: F. Hoffmann La Roche Ltd. - Key news
  • Exhibits130: F. Hoffmann La Roche Ltd. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits131: F. Hoffmann La Roche Ltd. - Segment focus
  • Exhibits132: HONGENE - Overview
  • Exhibits133: HONGENE - Product / Service
  • Exhibits134: HONGENE - Key offerings
  • Exhibits135: Jena Bioscience GmbH - Overview
  • Exhibits136: Jena Bioscience GmbH - Product / Service
  • Exhibits137: Jena Bioscience GmbH - Key offerings
  • Exhibits138: Lonza Group Ltd. - Overview
  • Exhibits139: Lonza Group Ltd. - Business segments
  • Exhibits140: Lonza Group Ltd. - Key news
  • Exhibits141: Lonza Group Ltd. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits142: Lonza Group Ltd. - Segment focus
  • Exhibits143: Maravai LifeSciences Holdings Inc. - Overview
  • Exhibits144: Maravai LifeSciences Holdings Inc. - Business segments
  • Exhibits145: Maravai LifeSciences Holdings Inc. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits146: Maravai LifeSciences Holdings Inc. - Segment focus
  • Exhibits147: Merck KGaA - Overview
  • Exhibits148: Merck KGaA - Business segments
  • Exhibits149: Merck KGaA - Key news
  • Exhibits150: Merck KGaA - Key offerings
  • Exhibits151: Merck KGaA - Segment focus
  • Exhibits152: New England Biolabs Inc. - Overview
  • Exhibits153: New England Biolabs Inc. - Product / Service
  • Exhibits154: New England Biolabs Inc. - Key news
  • Exhibits155: New England Biolabs Inc. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits156: Pfizer Inc. - Overview
  • Exhibits157: Pfizer Inc. - Product / Service
  • Exhibits158: Pfizer Inc. - Key news
  • Exhibits159: Pfizer Inc. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits160: Promega Corp. - Overview
  • Exhibits161: Promega Corp. - Product / Service
  • Exhibits162: Promega Corp. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits163: Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. - Overview
  • Exhibits164: Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. - Business segments
  • Exhibits165: Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. - Key news
  • Exhibits166: Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits167: Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. - Segment focus
  • Exhibits168: Yeasen Biotechnology Co. Ltd. - Overview
  • Exhibits169: Yeasen Biotechnology Co. Ltd. - Product / Service
  • Exhibits170: Yeasen Biotechnology Co. Ltd. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits171: Inclusions checklist
  • Exhibits172: Exclusions checklist
  • Exhibits173: Currency conversion rates for US$
  • Exhibits174: Research methodology
  • Exhibits175: Validation techniques employed for market sizing
  • Exhibits176: Information sources
  • Exhibits177: List of abbreviations
目次
Product Code: IRTNTR77779

The mRNA synthesis raw material market is forecasted to grow by USD 776.45 mn during 2023-2028, accelerating at a CAGR of 4.93% during the forecast period. The report on the mRNA synthesis raw material market provides a holistic analysis, market size and forecast, trends, growth drivers, and challenges, as well as vendor analysis covering around 25 vendors.

The report offers an up-to-date analysis regarding the current market scenario, the latest trends and drivers, and the overall market environment. The market is driven by the growing prevalence of chronic and infectious diseases, advancements in mRNA technology, and the advantages of mRNA vaccines.

Technavio's MRNA synthesis raw material market is segmented as below:

Market Scope
Base Year2024
End Year2028
Series Year2024-2028
Growth MomentumAccelerate
YOY 20244.34%
CAGR4.93%
Incremental Value$776.45mn

By Application

  • Vaccine production
  • Therapeutics production
  • Others

By End-user

  • Biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies
  • CROs and CMOs
  • Academic and research institutions

By Geographical Landscape

  • North America
  • Europe
  • Asia
  • Rest of World (ROW)

This study identifies the collaborations in biotechnology and manufacturing processes related to mRNA synthesis as one of the prime reasons driving the mRNA synthesis raw material market growth during the next few years. Also, growing demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly raw materials and increasing R and D investments by pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies will lead to sizable demand in the market.

The report on the MRNA synthesis raw material market covers the following areas:

  • mRNA synthesis raw material market sizing
  • mRNA synthesis raw material market forecast
  • mRNA synthesis raw material market industry analysis

The robust vendor analysis is designed to help clients improve their market position, and in line with this, this report provides a detailed analysis of several leading mRNA synthesis raw material market vendors that include Bayer AG, BioNTech SE, BOCSCI Inc., CELONIC Group, Corden Pharma International GmbH, Creative Biolabs, CureVac AG, F. Hoffmann La Roche Ltd., GlaxoSmithKline Plc, HONGENE, Jena Bioscience GmbH, Lonza Group Ltd., Maravai LifeSciences Holdings Inc., Merck KGaA, New England Biolabs Inc., Pfizer Inc., Promega Corp., Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., and Yeasen Biotechnology Co. Ltd.. Also, the mRNA synthesis raw material market analysis report includes information on upcoming trends and challenges that will influence market growth. This is to help companies strategize and leverage all forthcoming growth opportunities.

The study was conducted using an objective combination of primary and secondary information including inputs from key participants in the industry. The report contains a comprehensive market and vendor landscape in addition to an analysis of the key vendors.

The publisher presents a detailed picture of the market by way of study, synthesis, and summation of data from multiple sources through an analysis of key parameters such as profit, pricing, competition, and promotions. It presents various market facets by identifying the key industry influencers. The data presented is comprehensive, reliable, and a result of extensive research - both primary and secondary. The market research reports provide a complete competitive landscape and an in-depth vendor selection methodology and analysis using qualitative and quantitative research to forecast accurate market growth.

Table of Contents

1 Executive Summary

  • 1.1 Market overview

2 Market Landscape

  • 2.1 Market ecosystem

3 Market Sizing

  • 3.1 Market definition
  • 3.2 Market segment analysis
  • 3.3 Market size 2023
  • 3.4 Market outlook: Forecast for 2023-2028

4 Historic Market Size

  • 4.1 Global mRNA synthesis raw material market 2018 - 2022
  • 4.2 Application Segment Analysis 2018 - 2022
  • 4.3 End-user Segment Analysis 2018 - 2022
  • 4.4 Geography Segment Analysis 2018 - 2022
  • 4.5 Country Segment Analysis 2018 - 2022

5 Five Forces Analysis

  • 5.1 Five forces summary
  • 5.2 Bargaining power of buyers
  • 5.3 Bargaining power of suppliers
  • 5.4 Threat of new entrants
  • 5.5 Threat of substitutes
  • 5.6 Threat of rivalry
  • 5.7 Market condition

6 Market Segmentation by Application

  • 6.1 Market segments
  • 6.2 Comparison by Application
  • 6.3 Vaccine production - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 6.4 Therapeutics production - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 6.5 Others - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 6.6 Market opportunity by Application

7 Market Segmentation by End-user

  • 7.1 Market segments
  • 7.2 Comparison by End-user
  • 7.3 Biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 7.4 CROs and CMOs - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 7.5 Academic and research institutions - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 7.6 Market opportunity by End-user

8 Customer Landscape

  • 8.1 Customer landscape overview

9 Geographic Landscape

  • 9.1 Geographic segmentation
  • 9.2 Geographic comparison
  • 9.3 North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.4 Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.5 Asia - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.6 Rest of World (ROW) - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.7 US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.8 China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.9 Germany - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.10 UK - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.11 Japan - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.12 Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape

10 Drivers, Challenges, and Trends

  • 10.1 Market drivers
  • 10.2 Market challenges
  • 10.3 Impact of drivers and challenges
  • 10.4 Market trends

11 Vendor Landscape

  • 11.1 Overview
  • 11.2 Vendor landscape
  • 11.3 Landscape disruption
  • 11.4 Industry risks

12 Vendor Analysis

  • 12.1 Vendors covered
  • 12.2 Market positioning of vendors
  • 12.3 BioNTech SE
  • 12.4 BOCSCI Inc.
  • 12.5 Creative Biolabs
  • 12.6 CureVac AG
  • 12.7 F. Hoffmann La Roche Ltd.
  • 12.8 HONGENE
  • 12.9 Jena Bioscience GmbH
  • 12.10 Lonza Group Ltd.
  • 12.11 Maravai LifeSciences Holdings Inc.
  • 12.12 Merck KGaA
  • 12.13 New England Biolabs Inc.
  • 12.14 Pfizer Inc.
  • 12.15 Promega Corp.
  • 12.16 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
  • 12.17 Yeasen Biotechnology Co. Ltd.

13 Appendix

  • 13.1 Scope of the report
  • 13.2 Inclusions and exclusions checklist
  • 13.3 Currency conversion rates for US$
  • 13.4 Research methodology
  • 13.5 List of abbreviations