射撃練習場市場：タイプ別、製品タイプ別、用途別、地域別、2025-2033年

射撃練習場市場の世界市場規模は2024年に13億米ドルに達しました。今後、IMARC Groupは、2033年までに市場は25億米ドルに達し、2025年から2033年にかけて6.72%の成長率（CAGR）を示すと予測しています。射撃練習場の世界市場は、レクリエーション射撃と強化されたセキュリティ訓練への関心の高まりによって牽引されています。仮想シミュレーターやスマート技術のような射撃練習場の著しい技術進歩が、市場の成長をさらに促進しています。軍や法執行機関の訓練施設に対する投資の増加も市場成長を後押ししています。

射撃練習場は、射撃技術を練習し開発するために設計された管理された環境施設です。屋内、屋外、仮想のいずれかに分類され、一般に都市近郊や森林地帯の近くに設置されます。射撃練習場には、射撃ポイント、ターゲット、バックスタンド、ウィンドフラッグ、ライトなどさまざまな設備があり、ハンドガン、ライフル、ショットガン、アーチェリーなど、さまざまな射撃のオプションが用意されています。射撃練習場は、楽しく魅力的な射撃活動、射撃スポーツや護身術の技能向上、銃器の精度、信頼性、性能のテスト、技能開発などに利用されています。さらに、射撃は、自尊心や自信を育み、心身の健康を増進し、ストレスを解消し、体力、スタミナ、手と目の協調性を高めるのに役立ちます。その結果、射撃練習場は、国防、軍事、法執行機関の職員によって、訓練目的で利用されています。

射撃練習場の市場傾向：

世界中で射撃スポーツへの関心が高まっていることが、市場成長を促進する主な要因の1つです。射撃スポーツはレクリエーションや競合スポーツとして人気が高まっており、身体的に負荷の高い活動であるため、健康増進に役立ち、手と目の協調性や集中力を向上させる。これに伴い、射撃技術を練習し開発するための安全で管理された環境に対する需要が高まっていることも、成長を促す要因となっています。さらに、手頃な価格で高品質の銃器、弾薬、付属品が容易に入手できることから、ミレニアル世代の間で射撃への傾倒が高まっていることも、市場の成長を後押ししています。これとは別に、バーチャル射撃練習場が導入され、シミュレーション環境で射撃の練習ができるようになり、安全で管理された施設が提供されるようになったことも、市場成長に弾みをつけています。さらに、軍や法執行機関の職員が射撃技術の訓練と維持のために射撃練習場を広く利用していることが、市場の成長を後押ししています。さらに、プレハブパネルやコンポーネントを使用してカスタマイズ可能な射撃環境を構築し、機動性、柔軟性、費用対効果を提供するモジュラー式射撃練習場の開発は、市場に明るい見通しを生み出しています。その他、防衛・法執行予算の増加、射撃スポーツ競技の増加、スマート技術の統合、領土紛争の増加、消費者の支出能力の上昇、安全な射撃練習場を建設するための様々な政府イニシアチブの実施などの要因が、市場の成長を促進すると予測されます。

本レポートで扱う主な質問

• 世界の射撃練習場の市場の市場規模は？
• 2025-2033年の世界の射撃練習場の市場の予想成長率は？
• 世界の射撃練習場の市場を牽引する主要因は何か？
• 世界の射撃練習場の市場に対するCOVID-19の影響は？
• 世界の射撃練習場の市場のタイプ別内訳は？
• 世界の射撃練習場の市場の製品タイプ別内訳は？
• 世界の射撃練習場の市場の用途別内訳は？
• 世界の射撃練習場の市場における主要地域は？
• 世界の射撃練習場の市場における主要プレイヤー／企業は？

目次

第1章 序文

第2章 調査範囲と調査手法

• 調査の目的
• ステークホルダー
• データソース
  • 一次情報
  • 二次情報
• 市場推定
  • ボトムアップアプローチ
  • トップダウンアプローチ
• 調査手法

第3章 エグゼクティブサマリー

第4章 イントロダクション

• 概要
• 主要業界動向

第5章 世界の射撃練習場市場

• 市場概要
• 市場実績
• COVID-19の影響
• 市場予測

第6章 市場内訳：タイプ別

• 屋内
• 屋外

第7章 市場内訳：製品タイプ別

• 固定ターゲット
• 移動ターゲット
• 仮想シミュレーター

第8章 市場内訳：用途別

• 軍事
• 民間

第9章 市場内訳：地域別

• 北米
  • 米国
  • カナダ
• アジア太平洋地域
  • 中国
  • 日本
  • インド
  • 韓国
  • オーストラリア
  • インドネシア
  • その他
• 欧州
  • ドイツ
  • フランス
  • 英国
  • イタリア
  • スペイン
  • ロシア
  • その他
• ラテンアメリカ
  • ブラジル
  • メキシコ
  • その他
• 中東・アフリカ
  • 市場内訳：国別

第10章 促進要因・抑制要因・機会

• 概要
• 促進要因
• 抑制要因
• 機会

第11章 バリューチェーン分析

第12章 ポーターのファイブフォース分析

• 概要
• 買い手の交渉力
• 供給企業の交渉力
• 競合の程度
• 新規参入業者の脅威
• 代替品の脅威

第13章 価格分析

第14章 競合情勢

• 市場構造
• 主要企業
• 主要企業のプロファイル
  • Action Target Inc.
  • ATS Targets
  • Cubic Corporation
  • ELI Military Stimulations
  • InVeris Training Solutions
  • Laser Shot Inc.
  • Polytronic International AG
  • Range Systems Inc.
  • T.T.S. Theissen Training Systems GmbH
  • Zen Technologies Limited

List of Figures

• Figure 1: Global: Shooting Ranges Market: Major Drivers and Challenges
• Figure 2: Global: Shooting Ranges Market: Sales Value (in Billion USD), 2019-2024
• Figure 3: Global: Shooting Ranges Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Billion USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 4: Global: Shooting Ranges Market: Breakup by Type (in %), 2024
• Figure 5: Global: Shooting Ranges Market: Breakup by Product Type (in %), 2024
• Figure 6: Global: Shooting Ranges Market: Breakup by Application (in %), 2024
• Figure 7: Global: Shooting Ranges Market: Breakup by Region (in %), 2024
• Figure 8: Global: Shooting Ranges (Indoor Shooting Range) Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 9: Global: Shooting Ranges (Indoor Shooting Range) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 10: Global: Shooting Ranges (Outdoor Shooting Range) Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 11: Global: Shooting Ranges (Outdoor Shooting Range) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 12: Global: Shooting Ranges (Fixed Targets) Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 13: Global: Shooting Ranges (Fixed Targets) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 14: Global: Shooting Ranges (Moving Targets) Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 15: Global: Shooting Ranges (Moving Targets) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 16: Global: Shooting Ranges (Virtual Simulators) Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 17: Global: Shooting Ranges (Virtual Simulators) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 18: Global: Shooting Ranges (Military) Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 19: Global: Shooting Ranges (Military) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 20: Global: Shooting Ranges (Civil) Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 21: Global: Shooting Ranges (Civil) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 22: North America: Shooting Ranges Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 23: North America: Shooting Ranges Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 24: United States: Shooting Ranges Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 25: United States: Shooting Ranges Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 26: Canada: Shooting Ranges Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 27: Canada: Shooting Ranges Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 28: Asia-Pacific: Shooting Ranges Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 29: Asia-Pacific: Shooting Ranges Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 30: China: Shooting Ranges Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 31: China: Shooting Ranges Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 32: Japan: Shooting Ranges Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 33: Japan: Shooting Ranges Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 34: India: Shooting Ranges Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 35: India: Shooting Ranges Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 36: South Korea: Shooting Ranges Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 37: South Korea: Shooting Ranges Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 38: Australia: Shooting Ranges Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 39: Australia: Shooting Ranges Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 40: Indonesia: Shooting Ranges Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 41: Indonesia: Shooting Ranges Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 42: Others: Shooting Ranges Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 43: Others: Shooting Ranges Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 44: Europe: Shooting Ranges Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 45: Europe: Shooting Ranges Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 46: Germany: Shooting Ranges Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 47: Germany: Shooting Ranges Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 48: France: Shooting Ranges Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 49: France: Shooting Ranges Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 50: United Kingdom: Shooting Ranges Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 51: United Kingdom: Shooting Ranges Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 52: Italy: Shooting Ranges Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 53: Italy: Shooting Ranges Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 54: Spain: Shooting Ranges Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 55: Spain: Shooting Ranges Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 56: Russia: Shooting Ranges Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 57: Russia: Shooting Ranges Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 58: Others: Shooting Ranges Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 59: Others: Shooting Ranges Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 60: Latin America: Shooting Ranges Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 61: Latin America: Shooting Ranges Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 62: Brazil: Shooting Ranges Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 63: Brazil: Shooting Ranges Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 64: Mexico: Shooting Ranges Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 65: Mexico: Shooting Ranges Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 66: Others: Shooting Ranges Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 67: Others: Shooting Ranges Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 68: Middle East and Africa: Shooting Ranges Market: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2019 & 2024
• Figure 69: Middle East and Africa: Shooting Ranges Market: Breakup by Country (in %), 2024
• Figure 70: Middle East and Africa: Shooting Ranges Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Figure 71: Global: Shooting Ranges Industry: Drivers, Restraints, and Opportunities
• Figure 72: Global: Shooting Ranges Industry: Value Chain Analysis
• Figure 73: Global: Shooting Ranges Industry: Porter's Five Forces Analysis

List of Tables

• Table 1: Global: Shooting Ranges Market: Key Industry Highlights, 2024 & 2033
• Table 2: Global: Shooting Ranges Market Forecast: Breakup by Type (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Table 3: Global: Shooting Ranges Market Forecast: Breakup by Product Type (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Table 4: Global: Shooting Ranges Market Forecast: Breakup by Application (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Table 5: Global: Shooting Ranges Market Forecast: Breakup by Region (in Million USD), 2025-2033
• Table 6: Global: Shooting Ranges Market: Competitive Structure
• Table 7: Global: Shooting Ranges Market: Key Players

The global shooting ranges market size reached USD 1.3 Billion in 2024. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the market to reach USD 2.5 Billion by 2033, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 6.72% during 2025-2033. The global market for shooting ranges is driven by growing interest in recreational shooting and enhanced security training. Significant technological advancements in shooting ranges like virtual simulators and smart technologies are further driving the market toward growth. An increase in investments in military and law enforcement training facilities is also propelling the market growth.

Shooting ranges are controlled environmental facilities designed to practice and develop shooting skills. They are either indoor, outdoor, or virtual, located generally on the outskirts of a city or nearby forested areas. They include various components, such as firing points, targets, backstops, wind flags, and lights, and offer a variety of shooting options, including handguns, rifles, shotguns, and archery. Shooting ranges are used for fun and engaging shooting activities, improving skills in shooting sports or self-defense, testing firearms for accuracy, reliability, and performance, and developing skills. In addition, shooting helps to build self-esteem, and confidence, improve physical and mental health, relieve stress, and increase strength, stamina, and hand-and-eye coordination. As a result, shooting ranges are used by defense, military, and law enforcement personnel, for training purposes.

Shooting Ranges Market Trends:

The growing interest in shooting sports across the globe is one of the key factors driving the market growth. Shooting sports are becoming popular as a recreational and competitive sport as it is a physically demanding activity that helps promote health and wellness and improve hand-eye coordination and concentration. In line with this, the increasing demand for safe and controlled environments to practice and develop shooting skills is acting as another growth-inducing factor. Moreover, the rising inclination toward shooting among millennials owing to the easy availability of affordable and high-quality firearms, ammunition, and accessories is favoring the market growth. Apart from this, the introduction of virtual shooting ranges that helps individuals to practice shooting in a simulated environment and provides a safe and controlled facility, which in turn is providing an impetus to the market growth. Additionally, the widespread utilization of shooting ranges by military and law enforcement personnel to train and maintain their shooting skills is propelling the market growth. Furthermore, the development of modular shooting ranges that use prefabricated panels and components to create customizable shooting environments and offer mobility, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness is creating a positive outlook for the market. Other factors, including increasing defense and law enforcement budgets, rising shooting sports competitions, integration of smart technologies, increasing territorial conflicts, rising expenditure capacities of consumers, and the implementation of various government initiatives to build safe shooting ranges, are anticipated to drive the market growth.

Key Market Segmentation:

Type Insights:

• Indoor Shooting Range
• Outdoor Shooting Range

Product Type Insights:

• Fixed Targets
• Moving Targets
• Virtual Simulators

Application Insights:

• Military
• Civil

Regional Insights:

• North America
• United States
• Canada
• Europe
• Germany
• France
• United Kingdom
• Italy
• Spain
• Russia
• Others
• Asia Pacific
• China
• Japan
• India
• South Korea
• Australia
• Indonesia
• Others
• Latin America
• Brazil
• Mexico
• Others
• Middle East and Africa
• The report has also provided a comprehensive analysis of all the major regional markets, which include North America (the United States and Canada); Europe (Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Russia and others); Asia Pacific (China, Japan, India, South Korea, Australia, Indonesia, and others); Latin America (Brazil, Mexico, and others); and the Middle East and Africa. According to the report, North America was the largest market for shooting ranges. Some of the factors driving the North America shooting ranges market included increasing defense and law enforcement budgets, significant technological advancements, and the rising expenditure capacities of consumers.

Competitive Landscape:

• The report has also provided a comprehensive analysis of the competitive landscape in the global shooting ranges market. Competitive analysis such as market structure, market share by key players, player positioning, top winning strategies, competitive dashboard, and company evaluation quadrant has been covered in the report. Also, detailed profiles of all major companies have been provided. Some of the companies covered include Action Target Inc., ATS Targets, Cubic Corporation, ELI Military Stimulations, InVeris Training Solutions, Laser Shot Inc., Polytronic International AG, Range Systems Inc., T.T.S. Theissen Training Systems GmbH, Zen Technologies Limited, etc.

Key Questions Answered in This Report

• 1.How big is the global shooting ranges market?
• 2.What is the expected growth rate of the global shooting ranges market during 2025-2033?
• 3.What are the key factors driving the global shooting ranges market?
• 4.What has been the impact of COVID-19 on the global shooting ranges market?
• 5.What is the breakup of the global shooting ranges market based on the type?
• 6.What is the breakup of the global shooting ranges market based on the product type?
• 7.What is the breakup of the global shooting ranges market based on the application?
• 8.What are the key regions in the global shooting ranges market?
• 9.Who are the key players/companies in the global shooting ranges market?

Table of Contents

1 Preface

2 Scope and Methodology

• 2.1 Objectives of the Study
• 2.2 Stakeholders
• 2.3 Data Sources
  • 2.3.1 Primary Sources
  • 2.3.2 Secondary Sources
• 2.4 Market Estimation
  • 2.4.1 Bottom-Up Approach
  • 2.4.2 Top-Down Approach
• 2.5 Forecasting Methodology

3 Executive Summary

4 Introduction

• 4.1 Overview
• 4.2 Key Industry Trends

5 Global Shooting Ranges Market

• 5.1 Market Overview
• 5.2 Market Performance
• 5.3 Impact of COVID-19
• 5.4 Market Forecast

6 Market Breakup by Type

• 6.1 Indoor Shooting Range
  • 6.1.1 Market Trends
  • 6.1.2 Market Forecast
• 6.2 Outdoor Shooting Range
  • 6.2.1 Market Trends
  • 6.2.2 Market Forecast

7 Market Breakup by Product Type

• 7.1 Fixed Targets
  • 7.1.1 Market Trends
  • 7.1.2 Market Forecast
• 7.2 Moving Targets
  • 7.2.1 Market Trends
  • 7.2.2 Market Forecast
• 7.3 Virtual Simulators
  • 7.3.1 Market Trends
  • 7.3.2 Market Forecast

8 Market Breakup by Application

• 8.1 Military
  • 8.1.1 Market Trends
  • 8.1.2 Market Forecast
• 8.2 Civil
  • 8.2.1 Market Trends
  • 8.2.2 Market Forecast

9 Market Breakup by Region

• 9.1 North America
  • 9.1.1 United States
    • 9.1.1.1 Market Trends
    • 9.1.1.2 Market Forecast
  • 9.1.2 Canada
    • 9.1.2.1 Market Trends
    • 9.1.2.2 Market Forecast
• 9.2 Asia-Pacific
  • 9.2.1 China
    • 9.2.1.1 Market Trends
    • 9.2.1.2 Market Forecast
  • 9.2.2 Japan
    • 9.2.2.1 Market Trends
    • 9.2.2.2 Market Forecast
  • 9.2.3 India
    • 9.2.3.1 Market Trends
    • 9.2.3.2 Market Forecast
  • 9.2.4 South Korea
    • 9.2.4.1 Market Trends
    • 9.2.4.2 Market Forecast
  • 9.2.5 Australia
    • 9.2.5.1 Market Trends
    • 9.2.5.2 Market Forecast
  • 9.2.6 Indonesia
    • 9.2.6.1 Market Trends
    • 9.2.6.2 Market Forecast
  • 9.2.7 Others
    • 9.2.7.1 Market Trends
    • 9.2.7.2 Market Forecast
• 9.3 Europe
  • 9.3.1 Germany
    • 9.3.1.1 Market Trends
    • 9.3.1.2 Market Forecast
  • 9.3.2 France
    • 9.3.2.1 Market Trends
    • 9.3.2.2 Market Forecast
  • 9.3.3 United Kingdom
    • 9.3.3.1 Market Trends
    • 9.3.3.2 Market Forecast
  • 9.3.4 Italy
    • 9.3.4.1 Market Trends
    • 9.3.4.2 Market Forecast
  • 9.3.5 Spain
    • 9.3.5.1 Market Trends
    • 9.3.5.2 Market Forecast
  • 9.3.6 Russia
    • 9.3.6.1 Market Trends
    • 9.3.6.2 Market Forecast
  • 9.3.7 Others
    • 9.3.7.1 Market Trends
    • 9.3.7.2 Market Forecast
• 9.4 Latin America
  • 9.4.1 Brazil
    • 9.4.1.1 Market Trends
    • 9.4.1.2 Market Forecast
  • 9.4.2 Mexico
    • 9.4.2.1 Market Trends
    • 9.4.2.2 Market Forecast
  • 9.4.3 Others
    • 9.4.3.1 Market Trends
    • 9.4.3.2 Market Forecast
• 9.5 Middle East and Africa
  • 9.5.1 Market Trends
  • 9.5.2 Market Breakup by Country
  • 9.5.3 Market Forecast

10 Drivers, Restraints, and Opportunities

• 10.1 Overview
• 10.2 Drivers
• 10.3 Restraints
• 10.4 Opportunities

11 Value Chain Analysis

12 Porters Five Forces Analysis

• 12.1 Overview
• 12.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers
• 12.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
• 12.4 Degree of Competition
• 12.5 Threat of New Entrants
• 12.6 Threat of Substitutes

13 Price Analysis

14 Competitive Landscape

• 14.1 Market Structure
• 14.2 Key Players
• 14.3 Profiles of Key Players
  • 14.3.1 Action Target Inc.
    • 14.3.1.1 Company Overview
    • 14.3.1.2 Product Portfolio
  • 14.3.2 ATS Targets
    • 14.3.2.1 Company Overview
    • 14.3.2.2 Product Portfolio
  • 14.3.3 Cubic Corporation
    • 14.3.3.1 Company Overview
    • 14.3.3.2 Product Portfolio
    • 14.3.3.3 SWOT Analysis
  • 14.3.4 ELI Military Stimulations
    • 14.3.4.1 Company Overview
    • 14.3.4.2 Product Portfolio
  • 14.3.5 InVeris Training Solutions
    • 14.3.5.1 Company Overview
    • 14.3.5.2 Product Portfolio
  • 14.3.6 Laser Shot Inc.
    • 14.3.6.1 Company Overview
    • 14.3.6.2 Product Portfolio
  • 14.3.7 Polytronic International AG
    • 14.3.7.1 Company Overview
    • 14.3.7.2 Product Portfolio
  • 14.3.8 Range Systems Inc.
    • 14.3.8.1 Company Overview
    • 14.3.8.2 Product Portfolio
  • 14.3.9 T.T.S. Theissen Training Systems GmbH
    • 14.3.9.1 Company Overview
    • 14.3.9.2 Product Portfolio
  • 14.3.10 Zen Technologies Limited
    • 14.3.10.1 Company Overview
    • 14.3.10.2 Product Portfolio
    • 14.3.10.3 Financials

Kindly note that this only represents a partial list of companies, and the complete list has been provided in the report.