相変化材料（PCM）における技術成長の機会：研究開発とIP分析

世界のPCMメーカー各社は、高いエネルギー貯蔵能力を持つ低コストPCMの研究開発投資を増やしています。また、二酸化炭素排出に関する厳しい環境政策により、PCMメーカーは研究大学やエネルギー企業との戦略的パートナーシップを結び、持続可能でエネルギー効率の高い材料の採用を進めています。低コストで強化された潜熱のニーズ、エネルギー貯蔵能力の向上、有利な政府政策などの要因が、PCMの技術的展望を後押ししています。

当レポートでは、相変化材料（PCM）について調査分析し、市場の動向、新技術の採用および開発を促進する要因、最近の技術革新、技術分析、主要企業動向、成長機会などの情報を提供しています。

目次

戦略的必須事項

• 成長がますます困難になっているのはなぜか？
• The Strategic Imperative 8（TM）
• 相変化材料（PCM）業界に対する上位3つの戦略的必須事項の影響
• 成長機会がGrowth Pipeline Engine（TM）を促進
• 調査手法

範囲とセグメンテーション

• 調査範囲とセグメンテーション
• エネルギー貯蔵と安定した温度要件により、PCMの需要が高まる
• PCMの必要性と利点
• 持続可能性の目標を達成するための政府の有利な政策がPCMの需要を促進
• PCMの制約となっている材料の適合性、コスト、入手可能性

成長機会分析

• PCMの選択基準
• 有機、無機、および共晶PCMは、商用アプリケーションで広く使用されている技術である
• バイオベースおよびナノ強化PCMは、エネルギー効率の向上のために大きな注目を集めている
• 製品化されたPCMの利点と制約

技術分析

• 電子機器の熱管理の必要性の高まりがパラフィンベースのPCMの需要を促進
• 入手しやすさと環境へのメリットが脂肪酸PCMの採用を促進
• 持続性の向上と化学的安定性の向上がエステルベースのPCMの技術開発を推進
• 調整可能な融解温度により、幅広い用途に有望なPCM技術としてのグリコール
• 住宅空調のピーク需要を削減する有望な用途としての含水塩PCMピーク需要R
• 化学的性質、硬度、機械加工性、および耐食性の改善により、金属合金PCM技術の需要が高まる
• 漏れ防止の改善により、二水酸化物ベースのPCM複合材料の需要が高まる
• 共晶PCMの開発を促進するコールドチェーンロジスティクスの需要の増加
• 季節エネルギー貯蔵の有望なアプリケーションとしての糖アルコールベースのPCM
• 改良されたPEGベースのPCMの開発を促進する強化された生体適合性と溶解性
• 容易な入手と低コスト生産を実現するPUベースのPCM
• PBD PCMの開発を支える優れた耐摩耗性と低転がり抵抗
• エネルギー貯蔵用途向けの液体-固体PCMよりも高い安定性を提供するPEX PCM
• 潜在相変化熱を改善する気液PCM
• 固体ガスPCMの高い潜熱遷移がエネルギー貯蔵用途への関心を高める
• 化石燃料ベースの材料に対する懸念の高まりがバイオベースのPCMの研究開発を促進
• 潜在エネルギー貯蔵用途向けのナノ強化PCMの採用の増加

用途の見通し

• PCM：用途の見通し
• 抑制要因やアンメットニーズに応えるPCM技術開発
• 固相 - 液相ベースのPCM：比較応用の可能性
• 固相 - 固相ベースのPCM：比較応用の可能性
• 新たなPCM：比較応用の可能性

イノベーション情勢

• PCMと技術を開発する利害関係者
• PCMの研究開発に積極的な研究機関
• PCMのエネルギー容量を改善するための公的資金
• 最適化されたTESSの開発のための追加資金

知的財産（IP）分析

• IP分析は、2017年～2021年にかけてPCM特許出願の増加を示している
• PCM技術のIPを最も多く出願している電子企業
• 最も多くの特許出願を登録した固液、気液、およびナノ強化PCM（2017年～2021年）
• 上位譲受人の内訳 ：PCM材料使用量別（2017年～2021年）
• 特許シェア：PCM上位用途別（2017年～2021年）

アナリストの視点：相変化材料の採用ロードマップ

• EV、航空宇宙、生物医学アプリケーション向けのPCMは成長する

成長機会領域

• 成長機会1：高い安定性、潜熱遷移、およびエネルギー貯蔵のための効率を備えた気液および固気ベースのPCMの開発
• 成長機会2：ドラッグデリバリーおよび温熱療法のための温度/pH二重刺激応答性相変化マイクロカプセル（Dual-SR-MEPCM）
• 成長機会3：スマートテキスタイル製造のための高い固有熱伝導率と貯蔵密度を備えたバイオベースのPCM
• 成長機会4：ナノスケールPCMは、不揮発性メモリやニューロに着想を得たコンピューティングにおける高い熱伝達効率や大きな比表面積などの要求に対応します。

付録

次のステップ

Enhanced Thermal Management and Energy Storage Capabilities Drive Advancements

Phase change materials (PCMs) are substances that absorb and release appropriate amounts of energy during phase transitions, including solid to liquid, solid to solid, gas to liquid, and solid to gas; they deliver useful heat or cooling. The energy that the phase transition generates is effective in different commercial applications that require stable temperatures and energy storage. PCMs store and release large amounts of energy by melting and solidifying material at the phase change temperature and are more efficient than sensible heat storage. PCMs are also latent heat storage (LHS) materials that release or absorb energy in the form of heat owing to the material structure's internal rearrangement.

Topics This Study Covers:

• PCMs-overview of material types and application trends

• Factors driving the adoption and development of new technologies

• Technology ecosystem-recent innovations and stakeholders

• Technology analysis-comparative assessment of technologies and their readiness level (TRL)

• Noteworthy companies in action

• Patent analysis of PCM technologies

• Growth opportunities in PCM technologies

Frost & Sullivan has identified key areas of technology development for PCMs, categorized into the following domains.

• Materials: solid-liquid, solid-solid, gas-liquid, solid-gas, biobased, and nano-enhanced PCMs

• End-use applications: automotive; telecommunications; aerospace and defense; heating, ventilation, and air conditioning; electronics; building and construction; cold chain and packaging; textile; energy; and healthcare

PCM manufacturers have increased their R&D investment in low-cost PCMs with high energy storage capacity. Stringent environmental policies pertaining to carbon dioxide emissions are driving PCM manufacturers to form strategic partnerships with research universities and energy companies to adopt sustainable and energy-efficient materials. Factors such as the need for low-cost, enhanced latent heat; improved energy storage capacity; and favorable government policies are driving the PCMs technology landscape.

Key Points Discussed:

• What are the emerging technologies for PCMs?

• What are the R&D efforts in new material technologies for improved energy efficiency and high latent heat of fusion?

• What are the new trends, applications, and commercialization stages of PCMs?

• What are the growth opportunities for technology developers and end consumers in PCM technologies?

Table of Contents

Strategic Imperatives

• Why Is It Increasingly Difficult to Grow?The Strategic Imperative 8™: Factors Creating Pressure on Phase Change Materials Growth
• The Strategic Imperative 8™
• The Impact of the Top 3 Strategic Imperatives on the Phase Change Materials (PCMs) Industry
• Growth Opportunities Fuel the Growth Pipeline Engine™
• Research Methodology

Scope and Segmentation

• Research Scope and Segmentation
• Energy Storage and Stable Temperature Requirements Driving Demand for PCMs
• Needs for and Benefits of PCMs
• Favorable Government Policies to Achieve Sustainability Goals Drive Demand for PCMs
• Material Compatibility, Cost, and Availability Are PCMs' Main Restraints

Growth Opportunity Analysis

• Selection Criteria for PCMs
• Organic, Inorganic, and Eutectic PCMs Are Widely-used Technologies in Commercial Applications
• Bio-based and Nano-enhanced PCMs Receive Significant Attention for Enhanced Energy Efficiency
• Benefits and Restraints of Commercialized PCMs

Technology Analysis

• Increasing Need for Electronics Thermal Management Driving Demand for Paraffin-based PCMs
• Ease of Availability and Environmental Benefits Driving Fatty Acids PCM Adoption
• Improved Sustainability and Greater Chemical Stability Driving Ester-based PCMs' Technology Development
• Glycols as Promising PCM Technology for Wide Range of Applications Owing to Tunable Melting Temperature
• Hydrated Salt PCMs as Promising Applications to Reduce Residential Air Conditioning Peak Demand Peak Demand R
• Improved Chemical Properties, Hardness, Machinability, and Corrosion Resistance Driving Demand for Metal Alloy PCM Technology
• Improved Leakage Protection Driving Demand for Double Hydroxide-based PCM Composites
• Increasing Demand for Cold Chain Logistics Driving Development of Eutectic PCMs
• Sugar Alcohol-based PCMs as Promising Applications for Seasonal Energy Storage
• Enhanced Biocompatibility and Solubility Driving Development of Modified PEG-based PCMs
• PU-based PCMs Providing Ease of Availability and Low-cost Production
• Excellent Abrasion and Low Rolling Resistance Supporting PBD PCM Development
• PEX PCMs Providing Higher Stability than Liquid-Solid PCMs for Energy Storage Applications
• Gas-Liquid PCMs Providing Improved Latent Phase Change Heat
• High Latent Heat Transition of Solid-Gas PCMs Driving Interest for Energy Storage Applications
• Growing Concern over Fossil Fuel-based Materials Driving Bio-based PCM R&D
• Increasing Adoption of Nano-enhanced PCMs for Latent EnergyStorage Applications

Application Outlook

• PCMs: Application Outlook
• PCM Technological Development to Address Restraints and Unmet Needs
• PCM Technological Development to Address Restraints and Unmet Needs (continued)
• Solid-Liquid-based PCMs-Comparative Application Potential
• Solid-Liquid-based PCMs-Comparative Application Potential (continued)
• Solid-Solid-based PCMs-Comparative Application Potential
• Emerging PCMs-Comparative Application Potential

Innovation Landscape

• Stakeholders Developing PCMs and Technologies
• Stakeholders Developing PCMs and Technologies (continued)
• Research Institutes Active in PCM R&D
• Research Institutes Active in PCM R&D (continued)
• Majority of Public Funding for Improving PCMs' Energy Capacity
• Additional Funding for the Development of Optimized TESSs

Intellectual Property (IP) Analysis

• IP Analysis Indicates Increase in PCM Patent Filing from 2017 to 2021
• Electronic Companies Filing the Most IPs for PCM Technologies
• Solid-Liquid, Gas-Liquid, and Nano-enhanced PCMs Registered the Most Patent Filings from 2017 to 2021
• Top Assignee Breakdown by Materials Usage for PCMs, 2017-2021
• Top Assignee Breakdown by Materials Usage for PCMs, 2017-2021 (continued)
• Top Assignee Breakdown by Materials Usage for PCMs 2017-2021 (continued)
• Top Assignee Breakdown by Materials Usage for PCMs, 2017-2021 (continued)
• Top Assignee Breakdown by Materials Usage for PCMs, 2017-2021 (continued)
• Top Assignee Breakdown by Materials Usage for PCMs, 2017-2021 (continued)
• Top Assignee Breakdown by Materials Usage for PCMs, 2017-2021 (continued)
• Top Assignee Breakdown by Materials Usage for PCMs, 2017-2021 (continued)
• Top Assignee Breakdown by Materials Usage for PCMs, 2017-2021 (continued)
• Top Assignee Breakdown by Materials Usage for PCMs, 2017-2021 (continued)
• Patent Share by Top Application of PCMs, 2017-2021

Analyst Perspectives: Adoption Roadmap of Phase Change Materials

• PCMs for EVs, Aerospace, and Biomedical Applications Will Grow

Growth Opportunity Universe

• Growth Opportunity 1: Development of Gas-Liquid- and Solid-Gas- based PCMs with High Stability, Latent Heat Transition, and Efficiency for Energy Storage
• Growth Opportunity 1: Development of Gas-Liquid- and Solid-Gas- based PCMs with High Stability, Latent Heat Transition, and Efficiency for Energy Storage (continued)
• Growth Opportunity 2: Temperature/pH Dual-Stimuli-Responsive Phase Change Microcapsules (Dual-SR-MEPCM) for Drug Delivery and Thermotherapy
• Growth Opportunity 2: Temperature/pH Dual-SR-MEPCM for Drug Delivery and Thermotherapy (continued)
• Growth Opportunity 3: Bio-based PCM with High Intrinsic Thermal Conductivities and Storage Densities for Smart Textile Fabrication
• Growth Opportunity 3: Bio-based PCM with High Intrinsic Thermal Conductivities and Storage Densities for Smart Textile Fabrication (continued)
• Growth Opportunity 4: Nano-scale PCM to Address Demands such as High Heat Transfer Efficiency and Large Specific Surface Area in Non-volatile Memory and Neuro-inspired Computing
• Growth Opportunity 4: Nano-scale PCM to Address Demands such as High Heat Transfer Efficiency and Large Specific Surface Area in Non-volatile Memory and Neuro-inspired Computing (continued)

Appendix

• Technology Readiness Levels (TRL): Explanation

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