精巣がんの世界市場-2023年～2030年

市場概要

世界の精巣がん市場は、2022年に8億1,130万米ドルに達し、2023-2030年の予測期間中にCAGR 5.6%で成長し、2030年には12億4,630万米ドルに達すると予測されます。特定の遺伝子構成をよりよく理解することによる個別化医療へのシフトといった動向が、世界の精巣がん市場を独占すると予想されます。

世界の精巣がん市場は近年大きく成長しており、今後も上昇傾向が続くと予測されます。市場は変革期を迎えており、標的療法の使用や免疫療法の選択肢の出現など、いくつかの重要な動向の影響を受けています。

さらに、精巣がんの有病率の上昇、診断技術の進歩、認知度の向上とスクリーニングプログラム、治療オプションの進歩が、精巣がん市場規模を押し上げています。臨床試験数の増加により、新規治療法の開拓が進んでおり、ファイザー社、フレゼニウス・カビ社（Fresenius Kabi AG）などの競合他社が積極的に市場に参入しているため、北米地域からの需要が増加しています。

市場力学

精巣がん診断の増加が精巣がん市場の成長を牽引

世界の精巣がん市場は急成長していますが、その主な原因は世界の精巣がん診断の増加です。例えば、2023年の米国臨床腫瘍学会（ASCO）の報告によると、精巣がんは米国で9,190人、世界で74,458人が診断されます。特に、精巣がんは20歳から34歳の男性で最も多く診断される悪性腫瘍であり、20歳から29歳、30歳から39歳の男性でも症例数が増加しています。

この動向により、精巣がんに対する認識と検診プログラムが高まり、早期発見と生存率の向上がもたらされています。患者の要求の変化に対応するため、現在進行中の研究開発活動は、標的薬、免疫療法、個別化医療の開発に重点を置いています。このように、がん診断の増加により、市場は予測期間中に拡大すると予想されます。

新規治療法の開拓が市場成長を牽引する

新規治療オプションの使用が市場を独占すると予想されます。その要因として、化学療法などの従来療法で耐性が生じたり、遺伝子治療が進歩したりしたことなどが挙げられます。例えば、2023年4月、ボン大学病院（UKB）の研究者らは、シスプラチン抵抗性の精巣がん患者に対する革新的な治療法の可能性を特定しました。研究者らはCRISPR遺伝子ハサミを用いて、精巣がん細胞におけるシスプラチン耐性の主要な制御因子としてNAE1遺伝子を発見しました。

NAE1阻害剤MLN4924は、シスプラチンの有効性を回復させるだけでなく、腫瘍細胞の殺傷力を増加させました。これらの知見は、精巣がん患者におけるシスプラチン耐性に対処する、より効果的な新薬の可能性を高め、治療成績を向上させる可能性があります。このように、精巣がんに対する治療オプションの進歩が、予測可能な将来にわたって市場を牽引すると期待されています。

精巣がん治療に伴う副作用が市場の成長を妨げる

精巣がん市場は、抗がん剤による副作用や早期発見の欠如といった要因によって阻害されると予想されます。化学療法は効果的であるが、疲労、吐き気、嘔吐、しびれ、難聴、耳鳴りなどを引き起こす可能性があり、重篤な感染症のリスクも高まる。

例えば、ブレオマイシンという薬剤は重篤な肺炎を引き起こす可能性があるため、症状をすぐに医療提供者に報告する必要があります。さらに、精巣がんの治療を受けている人は血栓ができやすいです。

目次

第1章 調査手法と調査範囲

第2章 定義と概要

第3章 エグゼクティブサマリー

第4章 市場力学

• 影響要因
  • 促進要因
    • 精巣がん診断の増加
    • 新しい治療法の開発
  • 抑制要因
    • 精巣がん治療に伴う副作用
  • 機会
    • 個別化医療に対する需要の増加
  • 影響分析

第5章 産業分析

• ポーターのファイブフォース分析
• サプライチェーン分析
• 価格分析
• 規制分析

第6章 COVID-19分析

第7章 タイプ別

• 胚細胞腫瘍
  • セミノーマ
  • 古典的セミノーマ
  • 精母細胞性セミノーマ
  • 非セミノーマ
  • 胚細胞がん
  • 卵黄嚢がん
  • 絨毛がん
  • 奇形腫
• 間質腫瘍
  • ライディッヒ細胞腫
  • セルトリ細胞腫
• その他

第8章 ステージ別

• 第0期
• 第I期
• 第II期
• 第III期

第9章 薬剤クラス別

• アルキル化剤
• トポイソメラーゼII阻害剤
• 糖ペプチド抗生物質
• 抗微小管剤
• その他

第10章 治療法別

• 手術療法
• 放射線療法
• 化学療法
• その他

第11章 流通チャネル別

• 病院薬局
• 小売薬局
• オンライン薬局

第12章 地域別

• 北米
  • 米国
  • カナダ
  • メキシコ
• 欧州
  • ドイツ
  • 英国
  • フランス
  • スペイン
  • イタリア
  • その他欧州
• 南米
  • ブラジル
  • アルゼンチン
  • その他の南米
• アジア太平洋
  • 中国
  • インド
  • 日本
  • オーストラリア
  • その他アジア太平洋
• 中東・アフリカ

第13章 競合情勢

• 競合シナリオ
• 市況/シェア分析
• M&A分析

第14章 企業プロファイル

• Pfizer Inc.
  • 企業概要
  • 製品ポートフォリオと説明
  • 財務概要
  • 主な動向
• Fresenius Kabi AG
• Abbott
• Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
• Eli Lilly and Company
• Xediton Pharmaceuticals
• Accord Healthcare Limited
• Baxter Healthcare Corporation
• Sandoz International GmbH
• Hikma Pharmaceuticals PLC

第15章 付録

Market Overview

Global Testicular Cancer Market reached US$ 811.3 million in 2022 and is expected to reach US$ 1,246.3 million by 2030 growing with a CAGR of 5.6% during the forecast period 2023-2030. The trend such as the shift towards personalized medicine by better understanding of specific genetic makeup is expected to dominate the global testicular cancer market.

The global testicular cancer market has grown significantly in recent years and is projected to continue on its upward trend. The market is undergoing a transformational period, influenced by several significant trends such as the usage of targeted therapies, and emerging immunotherapy options.

Furthermore, the rising prevalence of testicular cancer, advancements in diagnostic technologies, increasing awareness and screening programs, and advancements in treatment options for the disease are driving up the testicular cancer market size. The rising number of clinical trials has resulted in the development of novel treatments is seeing an increase in demand from North American regions with significant competitors like Pfizer Inc., Fresenius Kabi AG, and others actively operating in the market.

Market Dynamics

The Increasing Diagnosis of Testicular Cancer to Drive the Growth of the Testicular Cancer Market

The global testicular cancer market is growing rapidly, owing mainly due an increase in testicular cancer diagnoses worldwide. For instance, according to the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) report of 2023, testicular cancer will be diagnosed in 9,190 people in the U.S. and 74,458 people globally. Particularly, testicular cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men aged 20 to 34, with a growing number of cases observed among men aged between 20 to 29 and 30 to 39.

This trend has increased awareness and screening programs, resulting in earlier detection and improved survival rates. To meet the changing demands of patients, ongoing research and development activities are focused on developing targeted medicines, immunotherapies, and personalized medicine. Thus, owing to the increase in diagnosis of cancer the market is expected to drive over the forecast period.

The Development of Novel Therapeutic Options will Drive the Market Growth

The use of novel therapeutic options is expected to dominate the market. Due to the factors such as resistance developed by conventional therapies such as chemotherapy, and advancements in gene therapies. For instance, in April 2023, researchers at the University Hospital Bonn (UKB) identified a potentially innovative therapeutic approach for people with cisplatin-resistant in testicular cancer. The researchers discovered the NAE1 gene as the key regulator of cisplatin resistance in testicular cancer cells using CRISPR gene scissors.

The NAE1 inhibitor MLN4924 not only restored cisplatin's efficacy but also increased tumor cell killing. These findings raise the potential of new and more effective medicines to address cisplatin resistance in patients with testicular cancer, potentially enhancing treatment outcomes. Thus, owing to the advancements in treatment option for testicular cancer is expected to drive the market over the foreseeable future.

The Side Effects Associated For Testicular Cancer Treatment Will Hamper the Growth of the Market

The testicular cancer market is expected to be hamper owing to the factors such as side effects from cancer drugs and lack of early detection. While chemotherapy is effective, it can cause fatigue, nausea, vomiting, numbness, tingling, hearing loss, and ringing in the ears, as well as an increased risk of serious infections.

For instance, the drug bleomycin has been associated to cause serious lung inflammation, prompting immediate notification of symptoms to healthcare providers. Furthermore, people getting treatment for testicular cancer are prone to develop blood clots.

Segment Analysis

The global testicular cancer market is segmented based on types, stages, drug class, treatment, distribution channel, and region.

Owing to its Better Effectiveness, the Surgery Segment Accounted for Approximately 34.6% of the Testicular Cancer Market Share

The surgery segment is poised to dominate the testicular cancer market as it remains a first-line and preferred medical treatment for testicular cancer owing to its effectiveness, advancements in technologies, and better cure for testicular cancer. Surgery is the mainstay treatment for this cancer that involves the removal of lymph nodes in the area behind the abdomen lining called the retroperitoneum.

Also, radical inguinal orchiectomy surgery is performed to treat both seminoma and non-seminoma testicular cancers. Furthermore, advancement in technologies such as minimally invasive procedures is driving market growth.

For instance, Mount Sinai Hospital performed robot-assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (R-RPLND) surgery. R-RPLND is a new surgical treatment for testicular cancer that is less invasive than open RPLND. The surgery involves making five small incisions to resect tumors in the retroperitoneum, which allows patients to recover faster. Thus, owing to the advancement in surgery treatment the segment is expected to dominate over the forecast period.

Geographical Penetration

North America Accounted for Approximately 40.7% of the Market Share in 2022, Owing to the Increase in the Number of Clinical Trails

North America, particularly the United States, dominates the global testicular cancer market due to its presence of established market players, along with increasing funding by the companies for the development of novel treatment approaches. Furthermore, the increasing number of clinical trials led to novel treatments for better patient outcomes.

For instance, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center in collaboration with University Cancer Research Fund at Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center is conducting a clinical trial began in 2022. This is a phase 2 clinical trial for adults with Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumours (NSGCT). The objective of this research is to establish a repository and look for the presence of changed T cells in the subjects' plasma or tumors. The biospecimens collected, which include tumor tissue, blood, and modified T cells, will be utilized to learn more about the existence and longevity of modified T cells in the body and tumor.

Furthermore, the study attempts to boost future cancer treatment choices by merging two separate ways of fighting disease: antibodies and T cells. The study is based on the safety and efficacy data from prior ATLCAR dosing trials. CD30 is a treatment that combines autologous T lymphocyte chimeric antigen receptor cells that are specific for the CD30 antigen with patients and the estimated completion of a trial is in December 2026.

Competitive Landscape

The major global players in the testicular cancer market include Pfizer Inc., Fresenius Kabi AG, Abbott, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Eli Lilly and Company, Xediton Pharmaceuticals, Accord Healthcare Limited, Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Sandoz International GmbH and Hikma Pharmaceuticals PLC. among others.

COVID-19 Impact Analysis

The COVID-19 pandemic can have an impact on the testicular cancer market, particularly in the context of male reproductive health. Because males are more susceptible to COVID-19, researchers have looked into whether the virus impacts testicular function and whether it is present in seminal fluid. Following COVID-19 infection, studies have shown changes in semen parameters, alterations in the hormonal axis, and gamete dysfunction.

The identification of viral proteins in testicular tissue after death adds support to the possibility of testicular COVID-related harm. Furthermore, infection with SARS-CoV-2 could affect pro-inflammatory mediators, potentially causing testicular injury and raising the risk of infertility. These findings indicate the importance of more research on the long-term effects of COVID-19 on male reproductive health and its potential impact on the testicular cancer market.

Russia Ukraine Conflict Analysis

The Russia-Ukraine conflict is having impact on the global testicular cancer market. The conflict has decreased access to healthcare services in Ukraine, making it harder for testicular cancer patients to receive critical treatment. The increased financial load on patients as a result of treatment costs and economic instability has further hampered access to care. Delayed diagnosis and treatment have also been noted as people are unwilling to seek medical help during the conflict.

These obstacles have had a detrimental impact on the worldwide testicular cancer market, producing slower growth than expected. However, there is potential for development, such as a greater emphasis on creating more effective treatment options and improving testicular cancer awareness in Ukraine. As the war ends and healthcare access improves, the market is projected to rebound. Nonetheless, the conflict's impact on the market is still enormous, necessitating continual efforts to handle the problems and opportunities it brings.

By Types

• Germ Cell Tumors

Seminomas

• Classical Seminoma
• Spermatocytic Seminoma

Non-Seminomas

• Embryonal Carcinoma
• Yolk Sac Carcinoma
• Choriocarcinoma
• Teratoma
• Stromal Tumors

Leydig Cell Tumors

Sertoli Cell Tumors

• Others

By Stages

• Stage 0
• Stage I
• Stage II
• Stage III

By Drug Class

• Alkylating Agent
• Topoisomerase II Inhibitor
• Glycopeptide Antibiotics
• Antimicrotubular Agents
• Others

By Treatment

• Surgery
• Radiation Therapy
• Chemotherapy
• Others

By Distribution Channel

• Hospital Pharmacies
• Retail Pharmacies
• Online Pharmacies

By Region

• North America

U.S.

Canada

Mexico

• Europe

Germany

U.K.

France

Spain

Italy

Rest of Europe

• South America

Brazil

Argentina

Rest of South America

• Asia-Pacific

China

India

Japan

Australia

Rest of Asia-Pacific

• Middle East and Africa

Key Developments

• On June 23, 2022, BioNTech SE stated that the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has granted Priority Medicines (PRIME) classification to BioNTech's fully owned product candidate BNT211 for the third- or later-line treatment of testicular germ cell tumors. BNT211 is a potential first-in-class therapeutic approach that combines two of the Company's proprietary drug products, an autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy targeting the oncofetal antigen Claudin-6 (CLDN6) and a CLDN6-encoding CAR-T cell amplifying RNA vaccine (CARVac).
• On June 2, 2023, the US Food and Drug Administration is collaborating with Chinese pharmaceutical company Qilu Pharmaceutical to increase supplies of the cancer medicine cisplatin, which is currently in low supply. Apotex, a Canadian pharmaceutical company, will temporarily provide the injectable drug in 50-milligram vials. Cisplatin has a cure rate of more than 90% when used to treat testicular cancer. It also treats malignancies of the bladder, cervix, ovary, lung, stomach, breast, and head and neck.

Why Purchase the Report?

• To visualize the global testicular cancer market segmentation based on type, stages, drug class, treatment, distribution channel and region as well as understand key commercial assets and players.
• Identify commercial opportunities by analyzing trends and co-development.
• Excel data sheet with numerous data points of testicular cancer market-level with all segments.
• PDF report consists of a comprehensive analysis after exhaustive qualitative interviews and an in-depth study.
• Product mapping is available in excel consisting of key products of all the major players.

The global testicular cancer market report would provide approximately 53 tables, 54 figures and 195 Pages.

Target Audience 2023

• Manufacturers/ Buyers
• Industry Investors/Investment Bankers
• Research Professionals
• Emerging Companies

Table of Contents

1. Methodology and Scope

• 1.1. Research Methodology
• 1.2. Research Objective and Scope of the Report

2. Definition and Overview

3. Executive Summary

• 3.1. Snippet by Type
• 3.2. Snippet by Stages
• 3.3. Snippet by Drug Class
• 3.4. Snippet by Treatment
• 3.5. Snippet by Distribution Channel
• 3.6. Snippet by Region

4. Dynamics

• 4.1. Impacting Factors
  • 4.1.1. Drivers
    • 4.1.1.1. The Increasing Diagnosis of Testicular Cancer
    • 4.1.1.2. The Development of Novel Therapeutic Options
  • 4.1.2. Restraints
    • 4.1.2.1. The Side Effects Associated with Testicular Cancer Treatment
  • 4.1.3. Opportunity
    • 4.1.3.1. Increasing Demand for Personalized Medicine
  • 4.1.4. Impact Analysis

5. Industry Analysis

• 5.1. Porter's 5 Forces Analysis
• 5.2. Supply Chain Analysis
• 5.3. Pricing Analysis
• 5.4. Regulatory Analysis

6. COVID-19 Analysis

• 6.1. Analysis of COVID-19
  • 6.1.1. Scenario Before COVID-19
  • 6.1.2. Scenario During COVID-19
  • 6.1.3. Scenario Post COVID-19
• 6.2. Pricing Dynamics Amid COVID-19
• 6.3. Demand-Supply Spectrum
• 6.4. Government Initiatives Related to the Market During Pandemic
• 6.5. Manufacturers Strategic Initiatives
• 6.6. Conclusion

7. By Types

• 7.1. Introduction
  • 7.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Types
  • 7.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Types
• 7.2. Germ Cell Tumors*
  • 7.2.1. Introduction
  • 7.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
    • 7.2.2.1. Seminomas
    • 7.2.2.1.1. Classical Seminoma
    • 7.2.2.1.2. Spermatocytic Seminoma
    • 7.2.2.2. Non-Seminomas
    • 7.2.2.2.1. Embryonal Carcinoma
    • 7.2.2.2.2. Yolk Sac Carcinoma
    • 7.2.2.2.3. Choriocarcinoma
    • 7.2.2.2.4. Teratoma
• 7.3. Stromal Tumors
  • 7.3.1. Leydig Cell Tumors
  • 7.3.2. Sertoli Cell Tumors
• 7.4. Others

8. By Stages

• 8.1. Introduction
  • 8.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Stages
  • 8.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Stages
• 8.2. Stage 0*
  • 8.2.1. Introduction
  • 8.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
• 8.3. Stage I
• 8.4. Stage II
• 8.5. Stage III

9. By Drug Class

• 9.1. Introduction
  • 9.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Drug Class
  • 9.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Drug Class
• 9.2. Alkylating Agent*
  • 9.2.1. Introduction
  • 9.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
• 9.3. Topoisomerase II Inhibitor
• 9.4. Glycopeptide Antibiotics
• 9.5. Antimicrotubular Agents
• 9.6. Others

10. By Treatment

• 10.1. Introduction
  • 10.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Treatment
  • 10.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Treatment
• 10.2. Surgery*
  • 10.2.1. Introduction
  • 10.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
• 10.3. Radiation Therapy
• 10.4. Chemotherapy
• 10.5. Others

11. By Distribution Channel

• 11.1. Introduction
  • 11.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
  • 11.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Distribution Channel
• 11.2. Hospital Pharmacies*
  • 11.2.1. Introduction
  • 11.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
• 11.3. Retail Pharmacies
• 11.4. Online Pharmacies

12. By Region

• 12.1. Introduction
  • 12.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Region
  • 12.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Region
• 12.2. North America
  • 12.2.1. Introduction
  • 12.2.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
  • 12.2.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Types
  • 12.2.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Stages
  • 12.2.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Drug Class
  • 12.2.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Treatment
  • 12.2.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
  • 12.2.8. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
    • 12.2.8.1. U.S.
    • 12.2.8.2. Canada
    • 12.2.8.3. Mexico
• 12.3. Europe
  • 12.3.1. Introduction
  • 12.3.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
  • 12.3.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Types
  • 12.3.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Stages
  • 12.3.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Drug Class
  • 12.3.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Treatment
  • 12.3.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
  • 12.3.8. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
    • 12.3.8.1. Germany
    • 12.3.8.2. U.K.
    • 12.3.8.3. France
    • 12.3.8.4. Spain
    • 12.3.8.5. Italy
    • 12.3.8.6. Rest of Europe
• 12.4. South America
  • 12.4.1. Introduction
  • 12.4.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
  • 12.4.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Types
  • 12.4.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Stages
  • 12.4.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Drug Class
  • 12.4.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Treatment
  • 12.4.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
  • 12.4.8. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
    • 12.4.8.1. Brazil
    • 12.4.8.2. Argentina
    • 12.4.8.3. Rest of South America
• 12.5. Asia-Pacific
  • 12.5.1. Introduction
  • 12.5.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
  • 12.5.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Types
  • 12.5.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Stages
  • 12.5.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Drug Class
  • 12.5.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Treatment
  • 12.5.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
  • 12.5.8. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
    • 12.5.8.1. China
    • 12.5.8.2. India
    • 12.5.8.3. Japan
    • 12.5.8.4. Australia
    • 12.5.8.5. Rest of Asia-Pacific
• 12.6. Middle East and Africa
  • 12.6.1. Introduction
  • 12.6.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
  • 12.6.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Types
  • 12.6.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Stages
  • 12.6.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Drug Class
  • 12.6.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Treatment
  • 12.6.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel

13. Competitive Landscape

• 13.1. Competitive Scenario
• 13.2. Market Positioning/Share Analysis
• 13.3. Mergers and Acquisitions Analysis

14. Company Profiles

• 14.1. Pfizer Inc.*
  • 14.1.1. Company Overview
  • 14.1.2. Product Portfolio and Description
  • 14.1.3. Financial Overview
  • 14.1.4. Key Developments
• 14.2. Fresenius Kabi AG
• 14.3. Abbott
• 14.4. Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
• 14.5. Eli Lilly and Company
• 14.6. Xediton Pharmaceuticals
• 14.7. Accord Healthcare Limited
• 14.8. Baxter Healthcare Corporation
• 14.9. Sandoz International GmbH
• 14.10. Hikma Pharmaceuticals PLC

LIST NOT EXHAUSTIVE

15. Appendix

• 15.1. About Us and Services
• 15.2. Contact Us