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市場調査レポート
商品コード
1705098
特発性炎症性筋炎市場 - 市場の洞察、疫学、市場予測:2034年Idiopathic Inflammatory Myositis - Market Insights, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast - 2034 |
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特発性炎症性筋炎市場 - 市場の洞察、疫学、市場予測:2034年 |
出版日: 2025年04月01日
発行: DelveInsight
ページ情報: 英文 200 Pages
納期: 2~10営業日
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筋炎は文字通り「筋肉の炎症」を意味し、筋組織の炎症を特徴とする多様な疾患群を指します。特発性炎症性筋炎(IIM)はこれらの疾患のサブセットであり、慢性的な筋炎症、筋力低下、場合によっては疼痛を特徴とします。
炎症性ミオパチーには、感染性筋炎、自己免疫性筋炎、薬剤性筋炎、特発性筋炎のほか、封入体筋炎や骨化性筋炎のような他の疾患と関連した筋炎など、根本的な原因によってさまざまな病型があります。IIMには、皮膚筋炎、多発性筋炎、重複性筋炎、散発性封入体筋炎(sIBM)、壊死性自己免疫性筋炎(NAM)などの疾患が含まれます。
まれではありますが、IIMは成人および小児の両方に罹患する可能性があり、患者は通常、亜急性から慢性の近位筋の筋力低下を呈し、椅子からの立ち上がり、階段の昇降、物の持ち上げ、髪をとかすなどの動作が困難になります。
筋力低下に加えて、筋炎の患者さんには他の様々な症状が現れることがあり、それが病気の主な症状であることもあります。炎症性関節炎、間質性肺疾患、皮疹などです。
ミオパチーの診断には、臨床検査、画像検査、集学的診察、組織学的検査、遺伝学的検査が必要です。免疫介在性壊死性ミオパチーや封入体筋炎の場合は、炎症の概念を再考する必要があります。
IIM治療の主な目標は、筋力を回復させ、炎症を抑制・除去し、他の臓器障害を予防することです。神経内科、リウマチ科、皮膚科、呼吸器科、理学療法、作業療法、言語療法など、集学的アプローチによる治療が理想的です。
現在、特発性炎症性筋炎の治療には、プレドニゾロンを含む副腎皮質ステロイド、オクタガム10%を含む免疫グロブリン、メトトレキサート、ミコフェノール酸、アザチオプリンなどの免疫抑制剤、リツキシマブ、アバタセプト、TNF阻害剤などの生物学的製剤が使用されています。
オクタガム10%(免疫グロブリン静注[ヒト]):Octapharma/Pfizer
オクタガム10%は、Octapharma Pharmazeutika Produktionsges社が製造し、Pfizer社が販売している、ヒト血漿由来の静注用免疫グロブリン(IgG)製剤です。2021年7月に米国FDAにより承認され、特に筋力と皮膚に影響を及ぼすまれな自己免疫疾患である成人皮膚筋炎の治療に適応されています。この薬剤は、罹患患者の筋機能を改善し、皮疹を軽減します。また、米国FDAから希少疾病用医薬品の指定を受けています。欧州では、オクタガム10%は成人の皮膚筋炎に対する免疫調節療法として2021年6月に承認され、ドイツでは2021年5月に国内承認されました。この薬は病院、輸液センター、または自宅で投与することができます。
VENOGLOBULIN-IH 5% IV(ヒト免疫グロブリンG):Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma
Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharmaが開発したVENOGLOBULIN-IHは、献血血漿由来のヒト免疫グロブリン製剤であり、ステロイドの効果が不十分な多発性筋炎または皮膚筋炎患者の筋力低下を改善する目的で開発されました。国内臨床試験において、治療後の筋力および日常活動スコアの有意な改善が確認されています。また、VENOGLOBULIN-IHの安全性プロファイルは既存の治療薬と同等であることが確認されました。日本では、多発性筋炎および皮膚筋炎の治療薬として希少疾病用医薬品の指定を受けています。VENOGLOBULIN-IHは、日本では2010年10月に、ステロイド療法が十分に奏効しないこれらの疾患の患者における筋力低下の治療薬として承認されました。本剤は静脈内投与されます。
ダズキバートPF-06823859(抗βインターフェロン):Pfizer
ダズキバート(PF-06823859)は、中等症から重症の皮膚筋炎および多発性筋炎の治療薬として開発中の強力なヒト化IgG1Kモノクローナル抗体です。選択的インターフェロン(IFNB1)遮断薬として、自己免疫疾患に関連する免疫反応の主要なメディエーターであるIL-23サイトカインを標的として阻害します。ダズキバートは静脈内および皮下注射により投与され、これらの疾患における免疫活性を調節するようデザインされています。ダズキバートは、欧州医薬品庁(EMA)より、皮膚筋炎を適応症とするオーファンドラッグおよびプライムドラッグの指定を受けています。米国では、同じ適応症でオーファンドラッグとファストトラックの両方の指定を受けています。
現在、ダズキバートは皮膚筋炎と多発性筋炎を対象に第III相臨床試験中です。
エフガルチギモド:Argenx
エフガルチギモドは、新生児Fc受容体(FcRn)を標的とするファースト・イン・クラスの治験用抗体フラグメントです。本薬は、アンメット・メディカル・ニーズが高い、病原性免疫グロブリンG(IgG)およびIgG自己抗体を伴う重篤な自己免疫疾患の治療薬として検討されています。抗アセチルコリン受容体抗体陽性の成人患者を対象とした汎発性重症筋無力症(gMG)の治療薬として、米国、欧州、日本ですでにVYVGARTとして承認されているエフガルティギモドは、現在進行中のALKIVIA試験で評価されています。
このシームレスな第II/III相試験では、免疫介在性壊死性ミオパチー(IMNM)、抗シンテターゼ症候群(ASyS)、皮膚筋炎の3つの筋炎サブセットにおけるエフガルチギモドの可能性が検討されており、2024年後半に結果が出る予定です。
SAPHNELO(アニフロルマブ):AstraZeneca
SAPHNELO(アニフロルマブ)は、I型IFN受容体のサブユニット1を標的とする完全ヒト型モノクローナル抗体で、I型インターフェロンの活性を効果的に阻害します。米国FDAより希少疾病用医薬品の指定を受けており、現在、皮膚筋炎の治療薬として第III相開発段階にあります。
特発性炎症性筋炎の治療では、第一選択薬として主にコルチコステロイドが使用され、十分な効果が得られない患者にはメトトレキサートやアザチオプリンなどの免疫抑制剤が併用されることが多いです。重症例や抵抗性例では免疫グロブリン静注(IVIG)が有効な場合があり、難治性例ではリツキシマブなどの生物学的製剤が考慮されます。
新しい治療薬としては、ダズキバート(PF 06823859)、エフガルチギモド、SAPHNELO(アニフロルマブ)、ブレポシチニブ、HIZENTRAなどがあります。
ダズキバート(PF-06823859)はヒト化IgG1Kモノクローナル抗体で、自己免疫反応における重要なメディエーターであるインターフェロン・ベータ1(IFNB1)を阻害します。
エフガルチギモドは、新生児FcRn受容体を標的として作用し、IgG抗体のリサイクルを阻害することで、自己免疫疾患における病原性IgGレベルの低下をもたらします。HIZENTRAは、免疫調節作用が期待される幅広いIgG抗体を投与し、病原体の中和や免疫反応の調節を助けるが、その正確な作用機序は不明です。どちらもIgG活性を調節することにより、皮膚筋炎のような自己免疫疾患に対処することを目的としています。
特発性炎症性筋炎は希少疾患に分類されてはいますが、近年認知度が高まっています。これは主に、診断技術の向上、ヘルスケア専門家の意識の向上、病態に対する理解の深まりによるものです。罹患率の上昇は、治療を求める患者をより多く特定することで、市場の成長を促進する可能性があります。炎症性筋炎の治療には通常、薬物療法と支持的介入が組み合わされ、主な目的は炎症を抑え、症状を管理し、筋機能を維持し、合併症を予防することです。
特発性炎症性筋炎の治療は、薬物療法、理学療法、支持療法を組み合わせた多面的なアプローチで進歩してきました。プレドニゾンやアクターゲルなどの高用量コルチコステロイドは、炎症と免疫反応をコントロールするための第一選択薬です。メトトレキサート、アザチオプリン、タクロリムスなどの免疫抑制剤は、コルチコステロイドの長期使用を減らすためにしばしば追加されます。
効果が不十分な場合は、リツキシマブなどの生物学的製剤で標的免疫抑制を行います。理学療法は筋力と機能の維持に不可欠であり、非ステロイド性抗炎症薬(NSAIDs)や日焼け防止などの支持療法は症状の管理に役立ちます。免疫グロブリン静注療法(IVIG)も治療の選択肢のひとつで、米国と欧州ではオクタガム10%が、日本ではベノグロブリン-IH5%が承認されています。重症の難治性症例に対しては、シクロホスファミドの静注療法が考慮されるが、重篤な副作用の可能性があるため、その使用は制限されています。治療計画は、疾患の重症度や個々の反応性に基づいて調整され、有効性と副作用の最小化のバランスを目指します。
特発性炎症性筋炎は、既存の治療法では十分な治療効果が得られないことが多いため、新しい治療法の必要性が高いです。革新的な薬剤開発は、患者により効果的な選択肢を提供する可能性があります。現在、dazukibart(PF 06823859)、efgartigimod、SAPHNELO(anifrolumab)、brepocitinib、HIZENTRA、empasiprubart、ulviprubart(ABC008)、daxdilimab、nipocalimab、GLPG3667、enpatoran(M5049)、froniglutide(PF1801)、CABA-201など、いくつかの有望な薬剤がパイプラインにあります。
当レポートでは、主要7ヶ国における特発性炎症性筋炎市場について調査し、市場の概要とともに、疫学、患者動向、新たな治療法、2034年までの市場規模予測、および医療のアンメットニーズなどを提供しています。
Idiopathic inflammatory myositis overview
Myositis, literally meaning "muscle inflammation," refers to a diverse group of diseases characterized by inflammation of striated muscle tissue. Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (IIM) are a subset of these conditions, marked by chronic muscle inflammation, weakness, and, in some cases, pain.
Inflammatory myopathies can take various forms based on their underlying cause, including infectious, autoimmune, drug-induced, and idiopathic myositis, as well as myositis associated with other conditions like inclusion body myositis and myositis ossificans. IIM encompasses conditions such as dermatomyositis, polymyositis, overlap myositis, sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM), and Necrotizing Autoimmune Myopathy (NAM).
Though rare, IIM can affect both adults and children, with patients typically presenting with sub-acute to chronic proximal muscle weakness, making activities like rising from a chair, climbing stairs, lifting objects, or combing hair difficult.
In addition to muscle weakness, myositis patients may experience a variety of other symptoms, which can even be the primary manifestation of the disease for some individuals. These include inflammatory arthritis, interstitial lung disease, and skin rashes.
Idiopathic inflammatory myositis diagnosis
Diagnosing myopathies involves a laboratory evaluation, imaging studies, multidisciplinary consultations, histologic examination, and potentially genetic studies. In the cases of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy and Inclusion body myositis, the concept of inflammation must be rethought.
Idiopathic inflammatory myositis treatment
The main goals of IIM therapy are to restore muscle strength, limit/eliminate inflammation, and prevent other organ damage. It is ideal if the treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach; neurology, rheumatology, dermatology, pulmonary, physical occupational, and speech therapy.
The current therapeutic landscape in idiopathic inflammatory myositis overall includes the use of corticosteroids, including prednisolone, immunoglobulins including OCTAGAM 10%, immunosuppressants like methotrexate, mycophenolate, azathioprine, and biologics, including rituximab, abatacept, and TNF inhibitors.
As the market is derived using a patient-based model, the Idiopathic Inflammatory Myositis epidemiology chapter in the report provides historical as well as forecasted epidemiology segmented by total diagnosed prevalent cases of idiopathic inflammatory myositis, type-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of idiopathic inflammatory, gender-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of idiopathic inflammatory, and age-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of idiopathic inflammatory myositis in the 7MM covering the United States, EU4 countries (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain) and the United Kingdom, and Japan from 2020 to 2034.
The drug chapter segment of the idiopathic inflammatory myositis report encloses a detailed analysis of idiopathic inflammatory myositis-marketed drugs and mid to late-stage (Phase III and Phase II) pipeline drugs. It also helps understand the idiopathic inflammatory myositis clinical trial details, expressive pharmacological action, agreements and collaborations, approval and patent details, advantages and disadvantages of each included drug, and the latest news and press releases.
Marketed Drugs
OCTAGAM 10% (Intravenous Immune Globulin [Human]): Octapharma/Pfizer
OCTAGAM 10%, manufactured by Octapharma Pharmazeutika Produktionsges and distributed by Pfizer, is an intravenous immunoglobulin (IgG) solution derived from human plasma. Approved by the US FDA in July 2021, it is specifically indicated for the treatment of adult dermatomyositis, a rare autoimmune condition affecting muscle strength and skin. This medication helps improve muscle function and reduce skin rashes in affected patients. It has also received orphan drug designation from the US FDA. In Europe, OCTAGAM 10% was granted approval in June 2021 as an immunomodulatory therapy for dermatomyositis in adults, with national approval in Germany following in May 2021. The medication can be administered in hospitals, infusion centers, or at home.
VENOGLOBULIN-IH 5% IV (Human Immunoglobulin G): Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma
VENOGLOBULIN-IH, developed by Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, is a human immunoglobulin derived from donated plasma, designed to address muscle weakness in patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis who exhibit insufficient response to steroids. Domestic clinical studies demonstrated significant improvements in muscle strength and daily activity scores in these patients following treatment. The safety profile of VENOGLOBULIN-IH was found to be comparable to that of existing therapies. It has received orphan drug designation in Japan for the treatment of polymyositis and dermatomyositis. VENOGLOBULIN-IH was approved in Japan in October 2010 for treating muscle weakness in patients with these conditions who do not respond adequately to steroid therapy. The medication is administered intravenously.
Emerging Drugs
Dazukibart PF-06823859 (anti-beta interferon): Pfizer
Dazukibart (PF-06823859) is a potent humanized IgG1K monoclonal antibody in development for the treatment of moderate to severe dermatomyositis and polymyositis. As a selective interferon (IFNB1) blocker, it targets and inhibits the IL-23 cytokine, a key mediator in the immune response associated with autoimmune diseases. Administered via intravenous and subcutaneous injection, Dazukibart is designed to modulate immune activity in these conditions. It has received orphan drug designation and prime drug designation from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for dermatomyositis. In the US, it holds both orphan drug and fast-track designations for the same indication.
Currently, dazukibart is in Phase III clinical trial for dermatomyositis and polymyositis.
Efgartigimod: Argenx
Efgartigimod is a first-in-class investigational antibody fragment designed to target the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). It is being explored for the treatment of severe autoimmune diseases associated with pathogenic immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG autoantibodies, where significant unmet medical needs exist. Already approved as VYVGART in the US, Europe, and Japan for the treatment of generalized Myasthenia Gravis (gMG) in adult anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive patients, efgartigimod is now being evaluated in the ongoing ALKIVIA trial.
This seamless Phase II/III study is investigating its potential across three myositis subsets-Immune-mediated Necrotizing Myopathy (IMNM), Antisynthetase Syndrome (ASyS), and dermatomyositis-with results expected in the second half of 2024.
SAPHNELO (Anifrolumab): AstraZeneca
SAPHNELO (anifrolumab) is a fully human monoclonal antibody that targets subunit 1 of the Type I IFN receptor, effectively inhibiting the activity of Type I interferons. The drug has received orphan drug designation from the US FDA and is currently in Phase III development for the treatment of dermatomyositis.
Drug Class Insights
Idiopathic inflammatory myositis treatment primarily involves corticosteroids as the first-line therapy, often combined with immunosuppressants like methotrexate or azathioprine for patients who do not respond adequately. In cases of severe or resistant disease, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) may be beneficial, and biologics such as rituximab are considered for refractory cases.
Emerging therapies include dazukibart (PF 06823859), efgartigimod, SAPHNELO (anifrolumab), brepocitinib, and HIZENTRA, among others.
Dazukibart (PF-06823859) is a humanized IgG1K monoclonal antibody that blocks Interferon beta 1 (IFNB1), a key mediator in autoimmune responses.
Efgartigimod works by targeting the neonatal FcRn receptor, preventing the recycling of IgG antibodies, which leads to a reduction in pathogenic IgG levels in autoimmune diseases. HIZENTRA delivers a broad range of IgG antibodies with potential immunomodulatory effects, helping neutralize pathogens and modulate immune responses, though its exact mechanism of action is unclear. Both aim to address autoimmune conditions like dermatomyositis by modulating IgG activity.
Idiopathic inflammatory myositis, though classified as a rare disease, has gained increasing recognition in recent years. This is largely due to improvements in diagnostic techniques, greater awareness among healthcare professionals, and a deeper understanding of the condition. The rising incidence could drive market growth by identifying more patients seeking treatment. Management of inflammatory myositis typically involves a combination of pharmacological therapies and supportive interventions, with the primary objectives being to reduce inflammation, manage symptoms, maintain muscle function, and prevent complications.
The treatment landscape for idiopathic inflammatory myositis has advanced with a multi-faceted approach, combining medications, physical therapy, and supportive care. High-dose corticosteroids, such as prednisone or ACTHAR GEL, are typically the first-line therapy to control inflammation and immune response. Immunosuppressive agents like methotrexate, azathioprine, and tacrolimus are frequently added to reduce long-term corticosteroid use.
In cases of inadequate response, biologics such as rituximab offer targeted immune suppression. Physical therapy remains essential for maintaining muscle strength and function, while supportive measures, including NSAIDs and sun protection, help manage symptoms. Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy provides another treatment option, with OCTAGAM 10% approved in the US and Europe and VENOGLOBULIN-IH 5% available in Japan. For severe refractory cases, IV cyclophosphamide may be considered, though its use is limited due to potentially severe side effects. Treatment plans are tailored based on disease severity and individual response, aiming to balance efficacy with minimizing side effects.
There is a significant need for new treatments for idiopathic inflammatory myositis, as existing therapies often fall short of fully managing the condition. Innovative drug development could provide more effective options for patients. Several promising drugs are currently in the pipeline, including dazukibart (PF 06823859), efgartigimod, SAPHNELO (anifrolumab), brepocitinib, HIZENTRA, empasiprubart, ulviprubart (ABC008), daxdilimab, nipocalimab, GLPG3667, enpatoran (M5049), froniglutide (PF1801), and CABA-201, among others.
This section focuses on the uptake rate of potential drugs expected to be launched in the market during 2020-2034.
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myositis Pipeline Development Activities
The report provides insights into different therapeutic candidates in Phase III, Phase II, and Phase I. It also analyzes key players involved in developing targeted therapeutics.
Pipeline development activities
The report covers information on collaborations, acquisitions and mergers, licensing, and patent details for emerging therapies for idiopathic inflammatory myositis.
KOL Views
To keep up with current market trends, we take KOLs and SMEs' opinions working in the domain through primary research to fill the data gaps and validate our secondary research. Industry Experts contacted for insights on idiopathic inflammatory myositis evolving treatment landscape, patient reliance on conventional therapies, patient therapy switching acceptability, and drug uptake, along with challenges related to accessibility, including Medical/scientific writers, Medical Professionals, Professors, Directors, and Others.
DelveInsight's analysts connected with 50+ KOLs to gather insights; however, interviews were conducted with 15+ KOLs in the 7MM. Centers like the David Geffen School of Medicine, the US, University Hospital Aachen, Germany, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Brescia, Italy, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Spain, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK, and Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan, among others, were contacted. Their opinion helps understand and validate current and emerging therapy treatment patterns or idiopathic inflammatory myositis market trends. This will support the clients in potential upcoming novel treatments by identifying the overall scenario of the market and the unmet needs.
Physician's View
As per the KOLs from the US, assessing disease activity in inflammatory myositis is challenging due to the absence of validated biomarkers or objective measures. Reliable biomarkers, advanced imaging, and functional assessment tools would improve treatment decision-making and provide more accurate monitoring of treatment efficacy.
As per the KOLs from Germany, dermatomyositis and polymyositis share lymphocytic inflammation, but differ in lymphocyte involvement and distribution. Polymyositis features CD8+ T-cells attacking muscle fibers, leading to diffuse endomysial inflammation, without vasculopathy. In dermatomyositis, B cells and complement target small blood vessels, causing perivascular inflammation, muscle microinfarction, and perifascicular atrophy.
As per the KOLs from Japan, in biologic agents like rituximab are considered for refractory or severe cases of myositis, targeting specific immune cells involved in the disease in Japan. When myositis is linked to certain autoantibodies, Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) is administered to help regulate the immune response.
Qualitative Analysis
We perform Qualitative and market Intelligence analysis using various approaches, such as SWOT and Conjoint Analysis. In the SWOT analysis, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in terms of disease diagnosis, patient awareness, patient burden, competitive landscape, cost-effectiveness, and geographical accessibility of therapies are provided. These pointers are based on the Analyst's discretion and assessment of the patient burden, cost analysis, and existing and evolving treatment landscape.
Conjoint Analysis analyzes multiple emerging therapies based on relevant attributes such as safety, efficacy, frequency of administration, route of administration, and order of entry. Scoring is given based on these parameters to analyze the effectiveness of therapy.
To analyze the effectiveness of these therapies, have calculated their attributed analysis by giving them scores based on their ability to improve atrial and ventricular dimension/function and ability to regulate heart rate.
Further, the therapies' safety is evaluated wherein the adverse events are majorly observed, and it sets a clear understanding of the side effects posed by the drug in the trials, which directly affects the safety of the molecule in the upcoming trials. It sets a clear understanding of the side effects posed by the drug in the trials. In addition, the scoring is also based on the route of administration, order of entry and designation, probability of success, and the addressable patient pool for each therapy. According to these parameters, the final weightage score and the ranking of the emerging therapies are decided.
Market Access and Reimbursement
Pfizer OCTAGAM Copay Program
Pfizer's OCTAGAM Copay Program offers eligible patients with commercial insurance the opportunity to pay as little as USD 0 for OCTAGAM 10%. The program, available through specialty infusion pharmacies, provides a maximum benefit of USD 12,500 per calendar year or the cost of the patient's copay over 12 months, whichever is less. Patients enrolled in state or federally-funded insurance programs are not eligible.
The report provides detailed insights on the country-wise accessibility and reimbursement scenarios, cost-effectiveness scenarios, programs making accessibility easier and out-of-pocket costs more affordable, insights on patients insured under federal or state government prescription drug programs, etc.
Idiopathic inflammatory myositis report insights
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myositis report key strengths
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myositis report assessment
Market Insights
Epidemiology Insights
Current Treatment Scenario, Marketed Drugs, and Emerging Therapies