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市場調査レポート
商品コード
1442054
胃不全麻痺市場 - 市場の洞察、疫学、市場予測:2034年Gastroparesis - Market Insight, Epidemiology And Market Forecast - 2034 |
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胃不全麻痺市場 - 市場の洞察、疫学、市場予測:2034年 |
出版日: 2024年02月01日
発行: DelveInsight
ページ情報: 英文 144 Pages
納期: 2~10営業日
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胃不全麻痺は、胃の機械的閉塞がないにもかかわらず、固形食の胃排出が遅延し、早期満腹感、食後満腹感、悪心、嘔吐、腹鳴、腹部膨満感などの主症状を来す消化器疾患です。
胃不全麻痺は、特発性の場合もあれば、糖尿病に伴う場合もあり、医学的介入(異所性または外科的後遺症)の後に起こる場合もあり、神経学的障害の後に起こる場合もあります。また、サルモネラ胃腸炎などのウイルスまたは細菌感染の後に起こることもあります。
胃不全麻痺の診断は、胃排出遅延確認試験を行うことで行うことができます。胃運動検査で測定される胃排出率は、一般に胃不全麻痺患者の症状やQOLとの相関が低いです。その他の検査としては、シンチグラフィー、ワイヤレス運動性カプセル(WMC)、呼気炭素検査などがあります。
EU4ヶ国と英国の中で、2023年のGPLS有病者数はイタリアが最も多く、ドイツ、フランスがこれに続きます。胃不全麻痺は主に女性が罹患する疾患であり、診断された患者の68.5%が女性であるのに対し、男性は31.5%に過ぎません。
胃不全麻痺の治療は、病気の症状の重症度に基づいて行われます。糖尿病が胃不全麻痺に関連している場合は、血糖値をコントロールすることで治療を行う。胃不全麻痺の治療には、主に食事療法などの非薬理学的手段と、胃排出を促進する薬(催吐薬)、嘔吐を抑える薬(制吐薬)、痛みや腸の痙攣を抑える薬、手術などの薬理学的手段があります。
主要7ヶ国の中で、2023年のGPLS有病者数は米国が最も多いです。これらの症例は2034年までにCAGR 0.7%で増加すると予測されます。EU4ヶ国と英国では、胃不全麻痺の原因別症例数は糖尿病が最も多いことがわかっています。2023年には、T1DMで約20,000例、T2DMで約20万例が観察されました。英国では、2023年の胃不全麻痺の総治療症例数は約30,000例でした。これらの数は2034年までに増加すると予想されています。
当レポートでは、主要6ヶ国における胃不全麻痺市場について調査し、市場の概要とともに、疫学、患者動向、新たな治療法、2034年までの市場規模予測、および医療のアンメットニーズなどを提供しています。
Report Summary
Market
Various key players are leading the treatment landscape of gastroparesis, such as Vanda Pharmaceuticals, Processa Pharmaceuticals, Neurogastrx, CinDome Pharma, and others. The details of the country-wise and therapy-wise market size have been provided below.
The section dedicated to drugs in the gastroparesis report provides an in-depth evaluation of late-stage pipeline drugs (Phase III and Phase II) related to gastroparesis.
The drug chapters section provides valuable information on various aspects related to clinical trials of gastroparesis, such as the pharmacological mechanisms of the drugs involved, designations, approval status, patent information, and a comprehensive analysis of the pros and cons associated with each drug. Furthermore, it presents the most recent news updates and press releases on drugs targeting gastroparesis.
Marketed Therapies
GIMOTI (metoclopramide) Nasal Spray: Evoke Pharma
Metoclopramide hydrochloride, the active ingredient in GIMOTI, is a dopamine-2 receptor antagonist. GIMOTI, a dopamine antagonist/mixed 5-HT3 antagonist/5-HT4 agonist with promotility and anti-emetic effects, for the relief of symptoms associated with acute and recurrent diabetic gastroparesis. For over 40 years, the only FDA-approved products for the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis had been an oral tablet and injection formulations of metoclopramide. GIMOTI is a novel formulation of metoclopramide offering systemic delivery by nasal spray administration.
Note: Detailed assessment will be provided in the final report of gastroparesis.
Emerging Therapies
VLY-686 (tradipitant): Vanda Pharmaceuticals
Tradipitant, developed by Vanda Pharmaceuticals, is a neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) antagonist. In December 2023, Vanda Pharmaceuticals announced that the US FDA had accepted the filing of Vanda's New Drug Application (NDA) for tradipitant for the treatment of symptoms of gastroparesis. The FDA had set September 2024 as the target date for its decision under the Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA). Moreover, the FDA has placed a partial clinical hold on tradipitant clinical protocols lasting longer than 12 weeks.
PCS12852: Processa Pharmaceuticals
PCS12852 is a novel, potent, and highly selective 5-hydroxytryptamine-4 (5-HT4) receptor agonist. PCS12852 differs from other 5HT4 agonists because it has greater potency and is a more selective 5-HT4 agonist with a binding affinity to the 5-HT4 receptor being 200-fold times the affinity for other 5-HT receptors. In Phase IIa, the GEBT results demonstrated statistical improvement in gastric emptying in gastroparesis patients receiving 0.5 mg of PCS12852 (6 patients) as compared to placebo (8 patients) at a p < 0.10 level. Adverse events associated with this Phase IIa trial were mild to moderate, occurring within the first few days after starting treatment, and quickly resolved without any sequelae.
The limited efficacy of currently available treatment options and their serious side effects warrant the need for newer and better treatment options. The primary treatment approach includes nutritional assessment and dietary modifications, and when these approaches are not enough, patients are introduced to pharmacological treatment. Prokinetic agents like metoclopramide, domperidone, and erythromycin are primarily used to increase the rate of gastric emptying and decrease symptoms in patients with gastroparesis.
In the US, metoclopramide is the only FDA-approved drug for the treatment of gastroparesis. It is a dopamine-2 receptor antagonist marketed under the brand name Reglan, also having many low-cost generic formulations available on the market.
There are no approved drugs in EU4 and the UK for the treatment of gastroparesis, but another dopamine (D2/3) receptor antagonist, domperidone, is widely used. It is approved for the treatment of nausea and vomiting for short-term use, usually no longer than 7 days. It does not cross the blood-brain barrier. However, cardiac dysrhythmias due to interaction with the hERG potassium channel as an off-target effect are a matter of concern.
At present, key players like Vanda Pharmaceuticals (tradipitant), CinDome Pharma (deudomperidone), Neurogastrx (metopimazine), and Processa Pharmaceuticals (PCS12852) are investigating their candidates for the treatment of gastroparesis and management of its symptoms in the 7MM; these drugs shall create a significant positive shift in the treatment space of gastroparesis in the coming years.
Further details are provided in the report.
Gastroparesis Disease Understanding and Treatment
Gastroparesis Overview
Gastroparesis, which is a translated meaning of "stomach paralysis," is a digestive disorder characterized by delayed gastric emptying of solid food in the absence of mechanical obstruction of the stomach, resulting in the cardinal symptoms of early satiety, postprandial fullness, nausea, vomiting, belching, and bloating. Gastroparesis may be idiopathic or associated with diabetes mellitus, may occur after a medical intervention (iatrogenic or postsurgical), or with neurological disorders; it can also occur after a viral or bacterial infection, such as Salmonella gastroenteritis.
Based on the causes, gastroparesis is divided into three major types, i.e., idiopathic gastroparesis, diabetic gastroparesis, and postsurgical gastroparesis. Some of the researchers proposed a classification system to help determine appropriate treatment options, such as Grade 1 or mild gastroparesis, which is characterized by symptoms that come and go and can easily be controlled by dietary modification and by avoiding medications that slow gastric emptying. Grade 2, or compensated gastroparesis, is characterized by moderately severe symptoms. Individuals with Grade 2 gastroparesis are treated with medications that stimulate gastric emptying and medications that reduce vomiting; such individuals require hospitalization only infrequently.
Further details are provided in the report.
Gastroparesis Diagnosis
Patients with postprandial upper abdominal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, postprandial fullness, bloating, and epigastric pain are candidates for gastric motility tests. Patients must first undergo an upper GI endoscopy; if this test does not reveal a cause for the symptoms, patients can begin motility and functional investigations. Furthermore, the most relevant functional test is a measurement of gastric emptying, which is best assessed with scintigraphy conducted over at least 3 h; however, only the regulatory agencies approve the stable isotope breath test. These tests are well-validated, and data from healthy control individuals are available. When results from tests of gastric emptying are inconclusive, particularly in patients with prominent postprandial fullness or early satiety, measurements of gastric accommodation are also indicated. Impaired gastric accommodation is diagnosed with validated methods that are available, such as SPECT and MRI, or with screening tests, such as the proximal stomach size on the gastric scintiscan (taken immediately after radiolabelled meal ingestion) or by a water load or nutrient drink test.
Further details related to country-based variations are provided in the report.
Gastroparesis Treatment
Management of gastroparesis involves correcting fluid, electrolyte, and nutritional deficiencies, identifying and treating the cause of delayed gastric emptying (for example, diabetes mellitus), and suppressing or eliminating symptoms. Therapeutic strategies rely on dietary modification, medications that stimulate gastric motor activity, anti-emetic drug therapy, and nonpharmacological measures such as endoscopic or surgical intervention or gastric electrical stimulation.
Dietary modifications represent the first line of treatment for gastroparesis and are generally used for all patients, regardless of disease severity. Oral intake is preferable for nutrition and hydration in patients with gastroparesis.
Pharmacological agents, including prokinetic and anti-emetic medications, may provide a viable treatment. Gastric prokinetic medications increase the rate or amplitude of stomach contractions and, thus, increase the rate of gastric emptying. Medications currently approved (although not in all countries) include metoclopramide, domperidone, and erythromycin.
Further details related to treatment and management are provided in the report.
The gastroparesis epidemiology chapter in the report provides historical as well as forecasted epidemiology segmented by prevalent cases of GPLS, diagnosed prevalent cases of gastroparesis, cause-specific cases, age-specific cases, gender-specific cases, and treated cases of gastroparesis in the United States, EU4 countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain) and the United Kingdom, and Japan from 2020 to 2034.
KOL Views
To stay abreast of the latest trends in the market, we conduct primary research by seeking the opinions of Key Opinion Leaders (KOLs) and Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) who work in the relevant field. This helps us fill any gaps in data and validate our secondary research.
We have reached out to industry experts to gather insights on various aspects of gastroparesis, including the evolving treatment landscape, patients' reliance on conventional therapies, their acceptance of therapy switching, drug uptake, and challenges related to accessibility. The experts we contacted included medical/scientific writers, professors, and researchers from prestigious universities in the US, Europe, the UK, and Japan.
Our team of analysts at Delveinsight connected with more than 15 KOLs across the 7MM. We contacted institutions such as Duke University, the American Academy of Family Physicians, the University of Munich, the University of Valencia, etc., among others. By obtaining the opinions of these experts, we gained a better understanding of the current and emerging treatment patterns in the gastroparesis market, which will assist our clients in analyzing the overall epidemiology and market scenario.
Qualitative Analysis
We perform Qualitative and Market Intelligence analysis using various approaches, such as SWOT analysis and Conjoint Analysis. In the SWOT analysis, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in terms of disease diagnosis, patient awareness, patient burden, competitive landscape, cost-effectiveness, and geographical accessibility of therapies are provided. These pointers are based on the Analyst's discretion and assessment of the patient burden, cost analysis, and existing and evolving treatment landscape.
Conjoint Analysis analyzes multiple approved and emerging therapies based on relevant attributes such as safety, efficacy, frequency of administration, designation, route of administration, and order of entry. Scoring is given based on these parameters to analyze the effectiveness of therapy.
In efficacy, the trial's primary and secondary outcome measures are evaluated; for instance, in trials for gastroparesis, important primary and secondary endpoints are changes in gastric emptying rate, ANMS GCSI-DD score, patient global impression of change, overall patient benefit scale, etc. Based on these parameters, the overall efficacy is evaluated.
Further, the therapies' safety is evaluated wherein the acceptability, tolerability, and adverse events are majorly observed, and it sets a clear understanding of the side effects posed by the drug in the trials. In addition, the scoring is also based on the route of administration, order of entry and designation, probability of success, and the addressable patient pool for each therapy. According to these parameters, a final weightage score is decided based on which the emerging therapies are ranked.
Market Access and Reimbursement
Because newly authorized drugs are often expensive, some patients escape receiving proper treatment or use off-label, less expensive prescriptions. Reimbursement plays a critical role in how innovative treatments can enter the market. The cost of the medicine, compared to the benefit it provides to patients who are being treated, sometimes determines whether or not it will be reimbursed. Regulatory status, target population size, the setting of treatment, unmet needs, the number of incremental benefit claims, and prices can all affect market access and reimbursement possibilities.
The report further provides detailed insights on the country-wise accessibility and reimbursement scenarios, cost-effectiveness scenario of approved therapies, programs making accessibility easier and out-of-pocket costs more affordable, insights on patients insured under federal or state government prescription drug programs, etc.