網膜静脈閉塞症市場 - 市場の洞察、疫学、市場予測：2034年

網膜静脈閉塞症は、糖尿病網膜症に次いで2番目に多い視力を脅かす網膜血管障害であり、網膜から血液を運ぶ細い静脈の閉塞が特徴です。多くの場合、動脈硬化と血栓の形成によって始まる変性疾患で、突然の視力変化が起こります。しかし、視力変化の程度は、閉塞の程度と場所によって異なります。閉塞により毛細血管内に圧力が高まり、出血や体液・血液の漏出が生じ、黄斑付近に漏出を伴う黄斑浮腫が生じることがあります。

網膜静脈閉塞症の有病率は、高齢者人口の増加と眼疾患に対する意識の高まりにより増加しています。病気の診断には大きな改善が見られ、技術の進歩によりさらに改善されると予測されています。糖尿病やその他の生活習慣病の有病率の増加は、網膜静脈閉塞症の意味合いを強めている主な要因です。

網膜静脈閉塞症の現在の治療法には、抗VEGF薬、副腎皮質ステロイド、レーザー治療、その他いくつかの適応外治療があります。硝子体内ステロイドと抗VEGFsは黄斑灌流と黄斑虚血の症例に使用され、レーザーの使用は新生血管や他の治療法では治療困難な症例に主に使用されます。

主要7ヶ国では、2022年の網膜静脈閉塞症の有病者総数は約271万8,067人と推定され、そのうち米国が約57％、EU4ヶ国と英国が約30％、日本が約13％を占めています。これらの症例は2034年までに増加すると予想されています。

主要7ヶ国のうち、米国は網膜静脈閉塞症と診断された有病者総数の約61％を占め、2022年には約935,343例となっています。これらの症例は調査期間中（2020年～2034年）に増加すると予想されます。

主要7ヶ国における網膜静脈閉塞症の総市場規模は2022年に約22億9,750万米ドルとなりました。同市場は、予測期間中（2023年～2034年）に拡大すると予測されています。米国における網膜静脈閉塞症の市場規模は、2022年に約16億1,190万米ドルであり、疾患に対する認知度の向上と新たな治療法の発売により増加が予測されます。EU4ヶ国と英国の合計市場規模は2022年に約4億5,390万米ドルと算出され、主要7ヶ国の総市場収益の20％近くを占めます。EU4ヶ国と英国のうち、2022年の市場規模が最も大きいのはドイツで約1億2,710万米ドル、次いでイタリアで約9,040万米ドル、2022年の市場規模が最も小さいのはスペインでした。

当レポートでは、主要7ヶ国における網膜静脈閉塞症市場について調査し、市場の概要とともに、疫学、患者動向、新たな治療法、2034年までの市場規模予測、および医療のアンメットニーズなどを提供しています。

目次

第1章 重要な洞察

第2章 レポートのイントロダクション

第3章 網膜静脈閉塞症市場概要

• 2020年の網膜静脈閉塞症の市場シェア（%）分布
• 2034年の網膜静脈閉塞症の市場シェア（%）分布

第4章 網膜静脈閉塞症の調査手法疫学と市場

第5章 網膜静脈閉塞症のエグゼクティブサマリー

第6章 主要な出来事

第7章 疾患の背景と概要

• 網膜静脈閉塞症のイントロダクション
• 兆候と症状
• 原因と危険因子
• 病態生理学
• 網膜静脈閉塞症の診断
• 網膜静脈閉塞症の治療と管理

第8章 患者動向

第9章 疫学と患者数

• 主な調査結果
• 仮定と根拠：主要7ヶ国
• 主要7ヶ国における網膜静脈閉塞症の有病者数の合計
• 主要7ヶ国における網膜静脈閉塞症の診断済み有病症例の総数
• 米国
• EU4ヶ国と英国
• 日本

第10章 上市済み薬剤

第11章 新興薬剤

第12章 網膜静脈閉塞症：市場分析

• 主な調査結果
• 主要な市場予測の前提条件
• 市場の見通し
• コンジョイント分析
• 主要7ヶ国における網膜静脈閉塞症の総市場規模
• 主要7ヶ国における網膜静脈閉塞症の総市場規模、治療法別
• 米国における網膜静脈閉塞症の市場規模
• EU4ヶ国および英国における網膜静脈閉塞症の市場規模
• 日本の網膜静脈閉塞症の市場規模

第13章 KOLオピニオンリーダーの見解

第14章 SWOT分析

第15章 アンメットニーズ

第16章 市場アクセスと償還

• 米国
• EU4ヶ国と英国
• 日本

第17章 付録

第18章 DelveInsightのサービス内容

第19章 免責事項

第20章 DelveInsightについて

List of Tables

• Table 1: Summary of Epidemiology and Market (2020-2034)
• Table 2: Key Events for Retinal vein occlusion
• Table 3: List of few anti-VEGF drugs used in the management of Retinal vein occlusion
• Table 4: EURETINA Guidelines for the Management of Retinal vein occlusion (2019)
• Table 5: Total Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in the 7MM (2020-2034)
• Table 6: Total Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in the 7MM (2020-2034)
• Table 7: Total Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in the US (2020-2034)
• Table 8: Total Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in the US (2020-2034)
• Table 9: Gender-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in the US (2020-2034)
• Table 10: Age-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in the US (2020-2034)
• Table 11: Type-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in the US (2020-2034)
• Table 12: Total Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in EU4 and the UK (2020-2034)
• Table 13: Total Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in EU4 and the UK (2020-2034)
• Table 14: Gender-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in EU4 and the UK (2020-2034)
• Table 15: Age-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in EU4 and the UK (2020-2034)
• Table 16: Type-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in EU4 and the UK (2020-2034)
• Table 17: Total Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in Japan (2020-2034)
• Table 18: Total Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in Japan (2020-2034)
• Table 19: Gender-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in Japan (2020-2034)
• Table 20: Age-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in Japan (2020-2034)
• Table 21: Type-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in Japan (2020-2034)
• Table 22: Key Cross of Marketed Drugs
• Table 23: VABYSMO (faricimab), Clinical Trial Description, 2024
• Table 24: LUCENTIS (ranibizumab), Clinical Trial Description, 2024
• Table 25: EYLEA (aflibercept), Clinical Trial Description, 2024
• Table 26: OZURDEX (dexamethasone intravitreal implant), Clinical Trial Description, 2024
• Table 27: Comparison of Emerging Drugs for Treatment
• Table 28: Tarcocimab tedromer (KSI-301), Clinical Trial Description, 2024
• Table 29: LYTENAVA (bevacizumab)/ONS-5010, Clinical Trial Description, 2024
• Table 30: TLC399 (ProDex), Clinical Trial Description, 2024
• Table 31: AR-1105 (dexamethasone implant), Clinical Trial Description, 2024
• Table 32: ANXV, Clinical Trial Description, 2024
• Table 33: Key Market Forecast Assumptions for VABYSMO (faricimab)
• Table 34: Key Market Forecast Assumptions for LYTENAVA (bevacizumab)/ONS-5010
• Table 35: Key Market Forecast Assumptions for Tarcocimab tedromer (KSI-301)
• Table 36: Total Market Size of Retinal vein occlusion in the 7MM, in USD million (2020-2034)
• Table 37: Total Market Size of Retinal vein occlusion by Therapies in the 7MM, in USD million (2020-2034)
• Table 38: Total Market Size of Retinal vein occlusion in the US, in USD million (2020-2034)
• Table 39: The Market Size of Retinal vein occlusion by Therapies in the US, in USD million (2020-2034)
• Table 40: Total Market Size of Retinal vein occlusion in EU4 and the UK, in USD million (2020-2034)
• Table 41: The Market Size of Retinal vein occlusion by Therapies in EU4 and the UK, in USD million (2020-2034)
• Table 42: Total Market Size of Retinal vein occlusion in Japan, in USD million (2020-2034)
• Table 43: The Market Size of Retinal vein occlusion by Therapies in Japan, in USD million (2020-2034)

List of Figures

• Figure 1: Retinal Vein Occlusion
• Figure 2: CRVO with hemorrhage
• Figure 3: Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
• Figure 4: Signs and Symptoms of Retinal vein occlusion
• Figure 5: Causes and risk factors of Retinal vein occlusion
• Figure 6: Pathophysiology of Retinal vein occlusion
• Figure 7: Optical coherence tomography
• Figure 8: Fluorescein angiography
• Figure 9: Fundus autofluorescence
• Figure 10: Available treatment options for Retinal vein occlusion
• Figure 11: Focal Laser Treatment
• Figure 12: Barriers to anti-VEGF topical delivery to the retina
• Figure 13: Vitrectomy
• Figure 14: Proposed algorithm for treating CRVO
• Figure 15: Guideline for the management of the patient with BRVO
• Figure 16: Patient Journey
• Figure 17: Total Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in the 7MM (2020-2034)
• Figure 18: Total Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in the 7MM (2020-2034)
• Figure 19: Total Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in the US (2020-2034)
• Figure 20: Total Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in the US (2020-2034)
• Figure 21: Gender-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in the US (2020-2034)
• Figure 22: Age-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in the US (2020-2034)
• Figure 23: Type-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in the US (2020-2034)
• Figure 24: Total Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in EU4 and the UK (2020-2034)
• Figure 25: Total Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in EU4 and the UK (2020-2034)
• Figure 26: Gender-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in EU4 and the UK (2020-2034)
• Figure 27: Age-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in EU4 and the UK (2020-2034)
• Figure 28: Type-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in EU4 and the UK (2020-2034)
• Figure 29: Total Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in Japan (2020-2034)
• Figure 30: Total Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in Japan (2020-2034)
• Figure 31: Gender-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in Japan (2020-2034)
• Figure 32: Age-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in Japan (2020-2034)
• Figure 33: Type-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in Japan (2020-2034)
• Figure 34: Total Market Size of Retinal vein occlusion in the 7MM, in USD million (2020-2034)
• Figure 35: Total Market Size of Retinal vein occlusion by Therapies in the 7MM, in USD million (2020-2034)
• Figure 36: Total Market Size of Retinal vein occlusion in the US, in USD million (2020-2034)
• Figure 37: The Market Size of Retinal vein occlusion by Therapies in the US, in USD million (2020-2034)
• Figure 38: Total Market Size of Retinal vein occlusion in EU4 and the UK, in USD million (2020-2034)
• Figure 39: The Market Size of Retinal vein occlusion by Therapies in EU4 and the UK, in USD million (2020-2034)
• Figure 40: Total Market Size of Retinal vein occlusion in Japan, in USD million (2020-2034)
• Figure 41: The Market Size of Retinal vein occlusion by Therapies in Japan, in USD million (2020-2034)
• Figure 42: SWOT Analysis of Retinal vein occlusion
• Figure 43: Unmet Needs of Retinal vein occlusion
• Figure 44: Health Technology Assessment
• Figure 45: Market access timelines for ranibizumab
• Figure 46: Reimbursement Process in Germany
• Figure 47: Reimbursement Process in France
• Figure 48: Reimbursement Process in Italy
• Figure 49: Reimbursement Process in Spain
• Figure 50: Reimbursement Process in the United Kingdom
• Figure 51: Reimbursement Process in Japan

Key Highlights:

• The prevalence of retinal vein occlusion has been increasing due to the increase in the geriatric population and the surge in awareness about eye disorders.
• With the growing geriatric population, the disease prevalence is increasing, and so is disease awareness. There have been significant improvements in disease diagnosis, which is projected to improve further with technological advancements. The increasing prevalence of diabetes and other lifestyle conditions are major factors for the increasing implication of retinal vein occlusion.
• The current treatment for retinal vein occlusion includes the use of anti-VEGFs, corticosteroids, laser therapy, and several other off-labeled therapies. Intravitreal steroids and anti-VEGFs are used in cases of macular perfusion and macular ischemia, while, laser use is mostly in situations of neovascularization, and hard-to-treat cases with other therapies.
• Few drugs are approved by the US FDA for the treatment of retinal vein occlusion, which include LUCENTIS (ranibizumab, Roche/Novartis), EYLEA (aflibercept, Regeneron Pharmaceutical/Bayer/Santen), OZURDEX (dexamethasone intravitreal implant, AbbVie), and the recently approved VABYSMO (faricimab, Roche/Chugai Pharmaceutical). Even AVASTIN (bevacizumab) and intravitreal triamcinolone are used as off-label therapies that help maintain or improve vision.
• In 2022, the US had the largest market size of retinal vein occlusion among the 7MM, accounting for approximately USD 1,611.9 million. This is expected to increase further by 2034.
• Among the currently used anti-VEGF therapies, the majority of the market share was of EYLEA (aflibercept), with USD 852.9 million in 2022, in the 7MM. Competitive inroads by Regeneron's EYLEA in the retinal vein occlusion treatment landscape changed the market once dominated by Roche. With many anti-VEGF molecules losing their patent and the entry of biosimilars, the market dynamics are projected to witness some change.

DelveInsight's "Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO) - Market Insights, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast - 2034" report delivers an in-depth understanding of retinal vein occlusion, historical and forecasted epidemiology, as well as the retinal vein occlusion market trends in the United States, EU4 (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain) and the United Kingdom, and Japan.

The Retinal vein occlusion market report provides current treatment practices, emerging drugs, market share of individual therapies, and current and forecasted 7MM retinal vein occlusion market size from 2020 to 2034. The report also covers retinal vein occlusion treatment practices/algorithms and unmet medical needs to curate the best opportunities and assess the market's potential.

Geography Covered:

• The United States
• EU4 (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain) and the United Kingdom
• Japan

Study Period: 2020-2034

Retinal vein occlusion Understanding and Treatment Algorithm

Retinal vein occlusion Overview

Retinal vein occlusion, the second most common sight-threatening retinal vascular disorder after diabetic retinopathy, is characterized by blockage of the small veins that carry blood away from the retina. A degenerative disease often initiated by atherosclerosis and the formation of a blood clot, it is characterized by sudden vision change. However, the degree of vision change depends on the severity and location of the blockage. With blockage, pressure builds up in the capillaries, leading to hemorrhage and leakage of fluid and blood; this can lead to macular edema with leakage near the macula.

Retinal vein occlusion diagnosis

The initial examination of a patient with a retinal vein occlusion includes all relevant aspects of the comprehensive adult medical eye evaluation, with particular attention to those aspects related to retinal vascular disease. Several tests are being used for the diagnosis such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), and fluorescein angiography (FA). Apart from this, systemic evaluation is often performed in patients with CRVO and is directed by the patient's age, coexisting risk factors, and medical history. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) provides a non-invasive way to assess the extent of impaired capillary perfusion in retinal vascular occlusion without injection of contrast dye. Fundus autofluorescence can be perceived, in patients with recent-onset CRVO, a perivenular hypo autofluorescence with a fern-like appearance.

Further details related to country-based variations are provided in the report…

Retinal vein occlusion treatment

The main goal of the treatment is to stabilize vision by sealing off leaking blood vessels and to manage complications of macular edema and neovascularization. Response to treatment is measured by improvement of visual acuity (as a measure of photoreceptor status) and retinal thickness (as a measure of leakage. The current treatment regime for retinal vein occlusion includes the use of anti-VEGFs, corticosteroids, laser therapy, and several other off-labeled therapies.

Unfortunately, no treatment can reverse retinal vein occlusion, though attempts have been made to create anastomoses through surgery and laser, to relieve the obstruction through thrombolytic administration and bypass the congestion via optic nerve sheathotomy.

Currently, few products are approved by the US FDA for the treatment of retinal vein occlusion, which includes LUCENTIS (ranibizumab, Roche/Novartis), EYLEA (aflibercept, Regeneron Pharmaceutical/Bayer/Santen), OZURDEX (dexamethasone intravitreal implant, AbbVie), besides the recently approved VABYSMO (faricimab, Roche/Chugai Pharmaceutical). AVASTIN (bevacizumab) and intravitreal triamcinolone are used as off-label therapies that help in maintaining or improving vision.

Retinal Vein Occlusion Epidemiology

As the market is derived using a patient-based model, the retinal vein occlusion epidemiology chapter in the report provides historical as well as forecasted epidemiology segmented by total prevalent cases of retinal vein occlusion, total diagnosed prevalent cases of retinal vein occlusion, gender-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of retinal vein occlusion, age-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of retinal vein occlusion, and type-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of retinal vein occlusion in the 7MM covering the United States, EU4 countries (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain) and the United Kingdom, and Japan from 2020 to 2034.

• In the 7MM, the total prevalent cases of retinal vein occlusion were estimated to be approximately 2,718,067 in 2022, of which the US accounted for around 57%, while EU4 and the UK accounted for nearly 30%, and Japan accounted for approximately 13% of the total prevalent cases. These cases are expected to increase by 2034.

Among the 7MM, the US accounted for nearly 61% of the total diagnosed prevalent cases of retinal vein occlusion, with nearly 935,343 cases in 2022. These cases are expected to increase during the study period (2020-2034).

• As per DelveInsight analysis, EU4 and the UK accounted for around 408,086 diagnosed prevalent cases of retinal vein occlusion in 2022. These cases are expected to change during the study period (2020-2034).
• Among the EU4 and the UK, Germany accounted for the highest diagnosed prevalent cases of retinal vein occlusion, representing nearly 28% of the cases, followed by Italy and France, while Spain had the least cases in 2022.

According to estimates based on DelveInsight's epidemiology model, retinal vein occlusion exhibits a higher female preponderance than males in the US. Of the total diagnosed prevalent cases in the US, nearly 48% were males and 52% were females, in 2022.

• In the US, the highest age-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of retinal vein occlusion were for the age group 65-74 years, with nearly 334,051 cases, in 2022. As per the analysis, these cases are expected to increase, and the age group 65-74 years will contribute around 36% of the diagnosed prevalent cases, while the age groups <65 and =75 years will contribute 33% and 31%, respectively, by 2034.
• In 2022, among the 7MM, Japan had the second-highest cases of retinal vein occlusion, contributing approximately 12% to the total diagnosed prevalent cases of retinal vein occlusion.
• As per DelveInsight's epidemiology model, retinal vein occlusion is classified into BRVO and CRVO. In 2022, of the total diagnosed retinal vein occlusion cases, nearly 39,620 cases were classified as CRVO, while 139,612 cases were classified as BRVO, in Japan.

Retinal Vein Occlusion Drug Chapters

The drug chapter segment of the retinal vein occlusion report encloses a detailed analysis of retinal vein occlusion-marketed drugs and mid to late-stage (Phase III and Phase II) pipeline drugs. It also helps understand the retinal vein occlusion clinical trial details, expressive pharmacological action, agreements and collaborations, approval and patent details, advantages and disadvantages of each included drug and the latest news and press releases.

Marketed Drugs

VABYSMO (faricimab): Roche/Chugai Pharmaceutical

VABYSMO (faricimab) is a humanized bispecific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibody that binds both vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2). The fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of faricimab was engineered by selected point mutations to abolish binding interactions with Fc? and FcRn receptors. Faricimab is a humanized bispecific antibody that acts through the inhibition of two pathways by binding to VEGF-A and Ang-2. By inhibiting VEGF-A, faricimab suppresses endothelial cell proliferation, neovascularization, and vascular permeability. By inhibiting Ang-2, faricimab is thought to promote vascular stability and desensitize blood vessels to the effects of VEGF-A. In October 2023, the US FDA approved VABYSMO (faricimab) for the treatment of macular edema following retinal vein occlusion.

Note: Further marketed drugs and their details will be provided in the report…

Emerging Drugs

Tarcocimab tedromer (KSI-301): Kodiak Sciences

Tarcocimab tedromer (KSI-301), an intravitreal injection being developed by Kodiak Sciences, is a novel anti-VEGF biologic designed to have an extended ocular half-life. It consists of a custom-built antibody inhibiting VEGF, a potent cytokine known to contribute to the pathology of retinal vascular diseases, conjugated with a phosphorylcholine biopolymer. The drug is designed to maintain potent and effective drug levels in ocular tissues for longer than the existing agents and is based on the antibody biopolymer conjugate platform.

Kodiak Sciences has completed the Phase III BEACON study of KSI-301 in individuals with visual impairment due to treatment-naive macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion and plans to conduct one additional pivotal study in the first half of 2024, which, if successful, will serve as the basis for a BLA for macular edema following retinal vein occlusion.

LYTENAVA (bevacizumab)/ONS-5010: Outlook Therapeutics

LYTENAVA (bevacizumab)/ONS-5010 is an investigational ophthalmic formulation of bevacizumab to be administered as an intravitreal injection. Bevacizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively binds with high affinity to all isoforms of human VEGF and neutralizes VEGF's biological activity through a steric blocking of the binding of VEGF to its receptors Flt-1 (VEGFR-1) and KDR (VEGFR-2) on the surface of endothelial cells.

Outlook Therapeutics has completed a Phase III trial to evaluate the safety of ophthalmic bevacizumab in subjects diagnosed with BRVO and is conducting another Phase III trial to compare the safety of ophthalmic bevacizumab in vials versus prefilled syringes in subjects with BRVO. Besides this, Outlook Therapeutics intends to initiate NORSE FOUR, a registration clinical trial that will evaluate ONS-5010 for use in treating BRVO. Further, the company has received agreement from the FDA on the protocols for NORSE FOUR.

Note: Further emerging therapies and their detailed assessment will be provided in the final report.

Drug Class Insights

The mainstay treatment for retinal vein occlusion includes intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs. These drugs target VEGF, an important growth factor that causes macular edema. Anti-VEGF drugs are markedly more effective in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion than any other treatment modality. Among all the available treatment choices, anti-VEGF drugs provide the greatest improvement in VA.

LUCENTIS (ranibizumab), developed by Roche and marketed by Novartis and Chugai Pharmaceuticals in North America and Japan, respectively, is a VEGF inhibitor. Ranibizumab binds to the receptor-binding site of active forms of VEGF-A, including the biologically active, cleaved form of this molecule, VEGF110. VEGF-A causes neovascularization and leakage in models of ocular angiogenesis and vascular occlusion and contributes to the pathophysiology of wet AMD, mCNV, DR, DME, and macular edema following retinal vein occlusion. The binding of ranibizumab to VEGF-A prevents the interaction of VEGF-A with its receptors (VEGFR1 and VEGFR2) on the surface of endothelial cells, reducing endothelial cell proliferation, vascular leakage, and new blood vessel formation.

Recently in 2023, VABYSMO, a faricimab, developed by Roche and Chugai with CrossMab technology targets two distinct pathways. Faricimab is a humanized bispecific antibody that acts through the inhibition of two pathways by binding to VEGF-A and Ang-2. By inhibiting VEGF-A, faricimab suppresses endothelial cell proliferation, neovascularization, and vascular permeability. By inhibiting Ang-2, faricimab is thought to promote vascular stability and desensitize blood vessels to the effects of VEGF-A. Ang-2 levels are increased in some patients with nAMD, DME, and retinal vein occlusion.

Retinal Vein Occlusion Market Outlook

Retinal vein occlusion is a common vascular disorder of the retina and one of the most common causes of vision loss worldwide. It is the second most common cause of blindness from retinal vascular disease after diabetic retinopathy. There is no treatment available to reverse retinal vein occlusion. Most people with this condition will have permanent changes to their vision. The main goal of the treatment should be to stabilize vision by sealing off leaking blood vessels.

Unfortunately, there is no way actually to unblock retinal veins. However, the doctor can treat any health problems that seem to be related to retinal vein occlusion. Vision may come back in some eyes that have had a retinal vein occlusion. About one-third have some improvement, about one-third stay the same, and about one-third gradually improve, but it can take a year or more to learn the outcome. In some cases, the blocked vessels will lead to fluid accumulation in the retina while in others, may cause the formation of new blood vessels.

Currently, there are only few FDA-approved products for retinal vein occlusion treatment, which include LUCENTIS (ranibizumab, Roche/Novartis), EYLEA (aflibercept, Regeneron Pharmaceutical/Bayer/Santen), OZURDEX (dexamethasone intravitreal implant, AbbVie), and the recently US FDA approved VABYSMO (faricimab, Roche/Chugai Pharmaceutical). While AVASTIN (bevacizumab) and intravitreal triamcinolone are used as an off-label therapy that helps in maintaining or improving vision.

Various therapies are being developed and the pipeline for retinal vein occlusion includes therapies like Kodiak Sciences' tarcocimab tedromer (KSI-301), Outlook Therapeutics' LYTENAVA (bevacizumab)/ONS-5010, Taiwan Liposome Company's TLC399 (ProDex), Alcon's AR-1105 (dexamethasone implant), and others.

Continued in report…

The current market segmentation is based on the therapies prescribed and is further sub-segment based on the mechanism of action and their usage. The drugs that are being used in the present market include LUCENTIS (ranibizumab), EYLEA (aflibercept), and AVASTIN (bevacizumab), besides other therapies like OZURDEX (dexamethasone intravitreal implant) and intravitreal triamcinolone, etc. Even the recently US FDA-approved VABYSMO (faricimab) is included. These are the major segments covered in the forecast model.

Several key players are evaluating their lead candidates in different stages of clinical development like tarcocimab tedromer (KSI-301) and LYTENAVA (bevacizumab)/ONS-5010. They aim to investigate their products to treat macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion and BRVO, respectively.

• The total market size of retinal vein occlusion in the 7MM was approximately USD 2,297.5 million in 2022 and is projected to increase during the forecast period (2023-2034).
• The market size of retinal vein occlusion in the US was approximately USD 1,611.9 million in 2022, which is anticipated to increase due to the increasing awareness of the disease and the launch of the emerging therapy.
• The total market size of EU4 and the UK was calculated to be approximately USD 453.9 million in 2022, which was nearly 20% of the total market revenue for the 7MM.
• According to DelveInsight's estimates, among EU4 and the UK, Germany accounted for the highest market with approximately USD 127.1 million in 2022, followed by Italy with approximately USD 90.4 million in the respective year, while Spain accounted for the lowest market in 2022.
• According to DelveInsight's analysis, in the US, among the currently used therapies, the majority of the market share was of EYLEA (aflibercept), with a revenue of approximately USD 629.5 million, in 2022, followed by other therapies that include OZURDEX, triamcinolone, etc.
• VABYSMO (faricimab) by Roche with CrossMab technology targeting two distinct pathways (VEGF and angiopoietin inhibitor) that drive several retinal conditions was recently approved in 2023 by the US FDA for retinal vein occlusion. With improved dosing, reduced treatment burden, and improvements in vision loss owing to a novel mode of action, in VABYSMO, Roche has found an excellent replacement for LUCENTIS which lost its patent exclusivity and market shine. It will help Roche regain the lost market from Regeneron, and the drug is projected to capture nearly 21% of the total retinal vein occlusion market, in the US, by 2034.
• In 2022, Japan with a revenue of approximately USD 231.7 million, accounted for the second-highest market size of retinal vein occlusion among the 7MM, which is expected to increase significantly by 2034.
• Among the emerging therapies, tarcocimab tedromer (KSI-301) being developed by Kodiak Sciences, with enhanced therapeutic absorption and distribution in the eye and a novel design, will give tough competition to other similar therapies, upon its entry in the year 2027, and with a medium-fast uptake, is predicted to attain its peak by 6th year, in the US.
• LYTENAVA (bevacizumab)/ONS-5010, an investigational ophthalmic formulation of bevacizumab, is projected to be the first approved, on-label, responsibly priced bevacizumab for ophthalmic indication, and is anticipated to generate a market share of USD 1.5 million in its launch year (2028), in EU4 and the UK. It is projected to not only dismiss AVASTIN in the retinal vein occlusion space but will create significant trouble for other anti-VEGFs.

Retinal Vein Occlusion Drugs Uptake

This section focuses on the uptake rate of potential drugs expected to be launched in the market during 2020-2034. For example, Outlook Therapeutics' LYTENAVA (bevacizumab)/ONS-5010, an investigational ophthalmic formulation of bevacizumab, is projected to be the first and only FDA-approved, on-label, responsibly priced bevacizumab, with a slow-medium uptake, will enter the US market in 2027.

Further detailed analysis of emerging therapies drug uptake in the report…

Retinal Vein Occlusion Pipeline Development Activities

The report provides insights into different therapeutic candidates in Phase III, Phase II, and Phase I. It also analyzes key players involved in developing targeted therapeutics.

Pipeline development activities

The report covers information on collaborations, acquisitions and mergers, licensing, and patent details for emerging therapies for retinal vein occlusion.

KOL Views

To keep up with current market trends, we take KOLs and SMEs' opinions working in the domain through primary research to fill the data gaps and validate our secondary research. Industry Experts contacted for insights on retinal vein occlusion evolving treatment landscape, patient reliance on conventional therapies, patient therapy switching acceptability, and drug uptake, along with challenges related to accessibility, including Medical/scientific writers, Medical Professionals, Professors, Directors, and Others.

DelveInsight's analysts connected with 50+ KOLs to gather insights; however, interviews were conducted with 15+ KOLs in the 7MM. Centers like the Royal College of Ophthalmologists, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Charite University Medicine Berlin, Italian College of General Practitioners, University of Leicester, and the Kanagawa Children's Medical Center were contacted. Their opinion helps understand and validate current and emerging therapy treatment patterns or retinal vein occlusion market trends. This will support the clients in potential upcoming novel treatments by identifying the overall scenario of the market and the unmet needs.

Physician's View

According to our primary research analysis, various anti-VEGF therapies, are available in the market and prescribed. Anti-VEGF drugs are markedly more effective in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion than any other treatment modality. Among all the available treatment choices, anti-VEGF drugs provide the greatest improvement in visual acuity. The current treatment choices for retinal vein occlusion include anti-VEGF drugs, corticosteroids, laser therapy, and others. The anti-VEGF drugs include AVASTIN (bevacizumab), LUCENTIS (ranibizumab), EYLEA (aflibercept), and the recently US FDA-approved VABYSMO (faricimab), for the treatment of retinal vein occlusion. Among these LUCENTIS, and EYLEA have been approved in the US, EU4 the UK, and Japan, but VABYSMO is still not approved in Europe and Japan, while bevacizumab is being used off-label in all countries.

According to a KOL in the US, anti-VEGF injection burden and frequency are lower, and visual outcomes are poorer in the real-world, tertiary care practice setting than in clinical trials that evaluate the monthly administration of injections, which reflects the presence of under treatment outside the controlled trial setting.

As per another KOL, an efficient treatment approach for addressing the underlying etiology of macular edema in retinal vein occlusion is a therapy that suppresses VEGF. As a result, intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment has become the norm for treating this condition. The therapy can improve vision, but patients with significant retinal damage due to impaired blood flow often have poor outcomes.

Another KOL in Germany found that patient characteristics were similar for patients receiving ranibizumab or aflibercept at index. The disease is typically more prevalent in older, hypertensive, and cardiovascular disease individuals and its prevalence increases with age. BRVO is four times more prevalent than CRVO

The current pipeline contains stem cell therapies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and several small molecules that target different pathways in retinal vein occlusion. The entry of these drugs will provide different options relating to patient-specific needs based on the type of occlusion and associated edema.

Qualitative Analysis

We perform Qualitative and market Intelligence analysis using various approaches, such as SWOT and Conjoint Analysis. In the SWOT analysis, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in terms of disease diagnosis, patient awareness, patient burden, competitive landscape, cost-effectiveness, and geographical accessibility of therapies are provided. These pointers are based on the Analyst's discretion and assessment of the patient burden, cost analysis, and existing and evolving treatment landscape.

Conjoint Analysis analyzes multiple emerging therapies based on relevant attributes such as safety, efficacy, frequency of administration, route of administration, and order of entry. Scoring is given based on these parameters to analyze the effectiveness of therapy.

In efficacy, the trial's primary and secondary outcome measures are evaluated; for instance improvement in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and ocular central subfield thickness (CST), and others.

Further, the therapies' safety is evaluated wherein the adverse events are majorly observed, and it sets a clear understanding of the side effects posed by the drug in the trials, which directly affects the safety of the molecule in the upcoming trials. It sets a clear understanding of the side effects posed by the drug in the trials. In addition, the scoring is also based on the route of administration, order of entry and designation, probability of success, and the addressable patient pool for each therapy. According to these parameters, the final weightage score and the ranking of the emerging therapies are decided.

Market Access and Reimbursement

Reimbursement of rare disease therapies can be limited due to lack of supporting policies and funding, challenges of high prices, lack of specific approaches to evaluating rare disease drugs given limited evidence, and payers' concerns about budget impact. The high cost of rare disease drugs usually has a limited effect on the budget due to the small number of eligible patients being prescribed the drug. The US FDA has approved several rare disease therapies in recent years. From a patient perspective, health insurance and payer coverage guidelines surrounding rare disease treatments restrict broad access to these treatments, leaving only a small number of patients who can bypass insurance and pay for products independently.

The reimbursement challenges related to medical care and treatment for individuals with retinal vein occlusion can be significant as it often requires specialized medical attention, covering the costs of diagnosis, treatment, and ongoing care. Health insurance plans may not fully cover limited coverage of some medical treatments, therapies, and devices specific to retinal vein occlusion. This can result in high out-of-pocket expenses for families seeking the best care for their loved ones. Moreover, it requires specialized care from healthcare providers with expertise. Finding and accessing such specialists may be challenging, and the associated costs may not always be fully reimbursed by insurance.

Further details will be provided in the report.

The report provides detailed insights on the country-wise accessibility and reimbursement scenarios, cost-effectiveness scenarios, programs making accessibility easier and out-of-pocket costs more affordable, insights on patients insured under federal or state government prescription drug programs, etc.

Scope of the Report:

• The report covers a segment of key events, an executive summary, and a descriptive overview of retinal vein occlusion, explaining its causes, signs and symptoms, pathogenesis, and currently available therapies.
• Comprehensive insight into the epidemiology segments and forecasts, the future growth potential of diagnosis rate, disease progression, and treatment guidelines have been provided.
• Additionally, an all-inclusive account of the current and emerging therapies and the elaborative profiles of late-stage and prominent therapies will impact the current treatment landscape.
• A detailed review of the retinal vein occlusion market, historical and forecasted market size, market share by therapies, detailed assumptions, and rationale behind our approach is included in the report, covering the 7MM drug outreach.
• The report provides an edge while developing business strategies by understanding trends through SWOT analysis and expert insights/KOL views, patient journey, and treatment preferences that help shape and drive the 7MM retinal vein occlusion market.

Retinal vein occlusion report insights

• Patient Population
• Therapeutic Approaches
• Retinal vein occlusion Pipeline Analysis
• Retinal vein occlusion Market Size and Trends
• Existing and Future Market Opportunity

Retinal vein occlusion report key strengths

• Twelve years Forecast
• The 7MM Coverage
• Retinal vein occlusion Epidemiology Segmentation
• Key Cross Competition
• Attribute analysis
• Drugs Uptake and Key Market Forecast Assumptions

Retinal vein occlusion report assessment

• Current Treatment Practices
• Unmet Needs
• Pipeline Product Profiles
• Market Attractiveness
• Qualitative Analysis (SWOT and Conjoint Analysis)

Key Questions:

Market Insights

• What was the total market size of retinal vein occlusion, the market size of retinal vein occlusion by therapies, and market share (%) distribution in 2020, and what would it look like by 2034? What are the contributing factors for this growth?
• How will VABYSMO (faricimab), tarcocimab tedromer (KSI-301), and LYTENAVA (bevacizumab)/ONS-5010 affect the treatment paradigm of retinal vein occlusion?
• How will EYLEA (aflibercept compete with upcoming products and marketed therapies?
• Which drug is going to be the largest contributor by 2034?
• What are the pricing variations among different geographies for approved and marketed therapies?
• How would future opportunities affect the market dynamics and subsequent analysis of the associated trends?

Epidemiology Insights

• What are the disease risks, burdens, and unmet needs of retinal vein occlusion? What will be the growth opportunities across the 7MM with respect to the patient population pertaining to retinal vein occlusion?
• What is the historical and forecasted retinal vein occlusion patient pool in the United States, EU4 (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain) and the United Kingdom, and Japan?
• Out of the countries mentioned above, which country would have the highest diagnosed prevalent retinal vein occlusion population during the forecast period (2023-2034)?
• What factors are contributing to the growth of retinal vein occlusion cases?

Current Treatment Scenario, Marketed Drugs, and Emerging Therapies

• What are the current options for the treatment of retinal vein occlusion? What are the current clinical and treatment guidelines for treating retinal vein occlusion?
• How many companies are developing therapies for the treatment of retinal vein occlusion?
• How many emerging therapies are in the mid-stage and late stage of development for treating retinal vein occlusion?
• What are the recent novel therapies, targets, mechanisms of action, and technologies developed to overcome the limitations of existing therapies?
• What is the cost burden of current treatment on the patient?
• Patient acceptability in terms of preferred treatment options as per real-world scenarios?
• What are the accessibility issues of approved therapy in the US?
• What is the 7MM historical and forecasted market of retinal vein occlusion?

Reasons to Buy:

• The report will help develop business strategies by understanding the latest trends and changing treatment dynamics driving the retinal vein occlusion market.
• Insights on patient burden/disease prevalence, evolution in diagnosis, and factors contributing to the change in the epidemiology of the disease during the forecast years.
• Understand the existing market opportunities in varying geographies and the growth potential over the coming years.
• The distribution of historical and current patient share is based on real-world prescription data in the US, EU4 (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain) and the United Kingdom, and Japan.
• Identifying upcoming solid players in the market will help devise strategies to help get ahead of competitors.
• Detailed analysis and ranking of class-wise potential current and emerging therapies under the conjoint analysis section to provide visibility around leading classes.
• Highlights of Access and Reimbursement policies for retinal vein occlusion, barriers to accessibility of approved therapy, and patient assistance programs.
• To understand Key Opinion Leaders' perspectives around the accessibility, acceptability, and compliance-related challenges of existing treatment to overcome barriers in the future.
• Detailed insights on the unmet needs of the existing market so that the upcoming players can strengthen their development and launch strategy.

Table of Contents

1. Key Insights

2. Report Introduction

3. Retinal vein occlusion Market Overview at a Glance

• 3.1. Market Share (%) Distribution of Retinal vein occlusion in 2020
• 3.2. Market Share (%) Distribution of Retinal vein occlusion in 2034

4. Methodology of Retinal vein occlusion Epidemiology and Market

5. Executive Summary of Retinal vein occlusion

6. Key Events

7. Disease Background and Overview

• 7.1. Introduction to Retinal vein occlusion
• 7.2. Sign and Symptoms
• 7.3. Cause and Risk Factors
• 7.4. Pathophysiology
• 7.5. Diagnosis of Retinal vein occlusion
  • 7.5.1. Optical Coherence Tomography
  • 7.5.2. Fluorescein Angiography
  • 7.5.3. Systemic Evaluation
  • 7.5.4. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)
  • 7.5.5. Fundus Autofluorescence
  • 7.5.6. Laboratory Tests
  • 7.5.7. Diagnostic Guidelines
    • 7.5.7.1. European Society of Retina Specialists Diagnostic Guidelines
• 7.6. Treatment and Management for Retinal vein occlusion
  • 7.6.1. Treatment Algorithm
  • 7.6.2. Treatment Guidelines for Retinal vein occlusion
    • 7.6.2.1. American Academy of Ophthalmology (2019)
    • 7.6.2.2. European Society of Retina Specialists (EURETINA): 2019
    • 7.6.2.3. Royal College of Ophthalmologists Clinical Guidelines for Retinal vein occlusion, 2022

8. Patient Journey

9. Epidemiology and Patient Population

• 9.1. Key Findings
• 9.2. Assumptions and Rationale: The 7MM
  • 9.2.1. Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion
  • 9.2.2. Total Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion
  • 9.2.3. Gender-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion
  • 9.2.4. Age-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion
  • 9.2.5. Type-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion
• 9.3. Total Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in the 7MM
• 9.4. Total Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in the 7MM
• 9.5. The US
  • 9.5.1. Total Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in the US
  • 9.5.2. Total Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in the US
  • 9.5.3. Gender-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in the US
  • 9.5.4. Age-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in the US
  • 9.5.5. Type-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in the US
• 9.6. EU4 and the UK
  • 9.6.1. Total Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in EU4 and the UK
  • 9.6.2. Total Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in EU4 and the UK
  • 9.6.3. Gender-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in EU4 and the UK
  • 9.6.4. Age-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in EU4 and the UK
  • 9.6.5. Type-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in EU4 and the UK
• 9.7. Japan
  • 9.7.1. Total Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in Japan
  • 9.7.2. Total Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in Japan
  • 9.7.3. Gender-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in Japan
  • 9.7.4. Age-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in Japan
  • 9.7.5. Type-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Retinal vein occlusion in Japan

10. Marketed Drugs

• 10.1. Key Cross Competition
• 10.2. VABYSMO (faricimab): Roche/Chugai Pharmaceutical
  • 10.2.1. Drug Description
  • 10.2.2. Regulatory Milestones
  • 10.2.3. Other Development Activities
  • 10.2.4. Clinical Development
  • 10.2.5. Clinical Trials Information
  • 10.2.6. Safety and efficacy
  • 10.2.7. Product Profile
• 10.3. LUCENTIS (ranibizumab): Roche/Novartis
  • 10.3.1. Drug Description
  • 10.3.2. Regulatory Milestones
  • 10.3.3. Other Development Activities
  • 10.3.4. Clinical Development
  • 10.3.5. Clinical Trial Information
  • 10.3.6. Safety and Efficacy
  • 10.3.7. Product Profile
• 10.4. EYLEA (aflibercept): Regeneron Pharmaceutical/Bayer/Santen
  • 10.4.1. Product Description
  • 10.4.2. Regulatory Milestones
  • 10.4.3. Other Development Activities
  • 10.4.4. Clinical Development
  • 10.4.5. Clinical Trial Information
  • 10.4.6. Safety and Efficacy
  • 10.4.7. Product Profile
• 10.5. OZURDEX (dexamethasone intravitreal implant): AbbVie
  • 10.5.1. Drug Description
  • 10.5.2. Regulatory Milestones
  • 10.5.3. Other Development Activities
  • 10.5.4. Clinical Development
  • 10.5.5. Clinical Trials Information
  • 10.5.6. Safety and efficacy
  • 10.5.7. Product Profile

11. Emerging Drugs

• 11.1. Key Cross Competition
• 11.2. Tarcocimab tedromer (KSI-301): Kodiak Sciences
  • 11.2.1. Drug Description
  • 11.2.2. Other Development Activities
  • 11.2.3. Clinical Development
  • 11.2.4. Clinical Trials Information
  • 11.2.5. Safety and Efficacy
  • 11.2.6. Product Profile
  • 11.2.7. Analysts' View
• 11.3. LYTENAVA (bevacizumab)/ONS-5010: Outlook Therapeutics
  • 11.3.1. Drug Description
  • 11.3.2. Other Development Activities
  • 11.3.3. Clinical Development
  • 11.3.4. Clinical Trials Information
  • 11.3.5. Safety and Efficacy
  • 11.3.6. Product Profile
  • 11.3.7. Analysts' View
• 11.4. TLC399 (ProDex): Taiwan Liposome Company
  • 11.4.1. Drug Description
  • 11.4.2. Other Development Activities
  • 11.4.3. Clinical Development
  • 11.4.4. Clinical Trials Information
  • 11.4.5. Safety and Efficacy
  • 11.4.6. Product Profile
  • 11.4.7. Analysts' View
• 11.5. AR-1105 (dexamethasone implant): Alcon
  • 11.5.1. Drug Description
  • 11.5.2. Other Development Activities
  • 11.5.3. Clinical Development
  • 11.5.4. Clinical Trials Information
  • 11.5.5. Safety and Efficacy
  • 11.5.6. Product Profile
  • 11.5.7. Analysts' View
• 11.6. ANXV: Annexin Pharmaceuticals
  • 11.6.1. Drug Description
  • 11.6.2. Other Development Activities
  • 11.6.3. Clinical Development
  • 11.6.4. Clinical Trials Information
  • 11.6.5. Safety and Efficacy
  • 11.6.6. Product Profile
  • 11.6.7. Analysts' View

12. Retinal vein occlusion: Market Analysis

• 12.1. Key Findings
• 12.2. Key Market Forecast Assumptions
• 12.3. Market Outlook
• 12.4. Conjoint Analysis
• 12.5. Total Market Size of Retinal vein occlusion in the 7MM
• 12.6. Total Market Size of Retinal vein occlusion by Therapies in the 7MM
• 12.7. Market Size of Retinal vein occlusion in the US
  • 12.7.1. Total Market Size of Retinal vein occlusion in the US
  • 12.7.2. The Market Size of Retinal vein occlusion by Therapies in the US
• 12.8. Market Size of Retinal vein occlusion in EU4 and the UK
  • 12.8.1. Total Market Size of Retinal vein occlusion in the EU4 and the UK
  • 12.8.2. The Market Size of Retinal vein occlusion by Therapies in EU4 and the UK
• 12.9. Market Size of Retinal vein occlusion in Japan
  • 12.9.1. Total Market Size of Retinal vein occlusion in Japan
  • 12.9.2. The Market Size of Retinal vein occlusion by Therapies in Japan

13. KOL Opinion Leaders' Views

14. SWOT Analysis

15. Unmet Needs

16. Market Access and Reimbursement

• 16.1. The United States
  • 16.1.1. Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)
• 16.2. EU4 and the UK
  • 16.2.1. Germany
  • 16.2.2. France
  • 16.2.3. Italy
  • 16.2.4. Spain
  • 16.2.5. The United Kingdom
• 16.3. Japan
  • 16.3.1. MHLW

17. Appendix

• 17.1. Bibliography
• 17.2. Acronyms and Abbreviations
• 17.3. Report Methodology

18. DelveInsight Capabilities

19. Disclaimer

20. About DelveInsight