平鋼の世界市場規模調査・予測：製品別、最終用途別、地域別分析、2023-2030年

世界の平鋼市場は2022年に約8,161億5,000万米ドルと評価され、予測期間2023-2030年には2.50%以上の健全な成長率で成長すると予測されています。

平鋼は、平らな長方形の形状と比較的薄い断面を特徴とする鋼材のカテゴリを指します。この種の鋼材は、熱間圧延や冷間圧延などの工程を経て生産され、鋼材は平らなシートやストリップに成形されます。平鋼製品は、その汎用性と構造特性により、様々な産業で幅広い用途があります。平鋼市場は、自動車産業における鉄鋼の急速な取り込み、建設産業からの需要の増加、製造業と機械生産の上昇などの要因によって拡大しています。

自動車産業の上昇軌道は、平鋼市場の堅調な成長を支える強力な原動力となっています。自動車産業が世界的に急拡大するにつれ、自動車製造の基礎材料である平鋼の需要が大幅に急増します。平鋼は、特にシートやプレートの形で、その強度、成形性、耐久性により、車両のボディ、シャーシ、および様々なコンポーネントを構築するために広く使用されています。国際エネルギー機関の報告によると、2021年に世界で使用される電気自動車は1,650万台を超え、2020年の1,020万台から61%増加します。さらに、欧州自動車工業会によると、2022年には世界中で約8,540万台の自動車が生産され、2021年に比べて5.7％増加しました。このように、自動車産業の台頭が市場成長の原動力となっています。加えて、エネルギー分野への投資の増加や造船業の増加が市場成長の新たな機会を生み出しています。しかし、鉄鋼価格の変動は、2023年から2030年の予測期間を通じて市場成長を阻害します。

平鋼の世界市場調査において考慮した主な地域は、アジア太平洋、北米、欧州、ラテンアメリカ、中東・アフリカです。アジア太平洋は、自動車などの産業における需要の増加、急速な都市化、同地域における建設および製造プロジェクトに対する政府投資の増加などの要因により、2022年に市場を独占しました。さらに、欧州は、自動車産業への投資の増加や地域における産業活動の増加などの要因により、市場で最も急速に成長している地域です。

調査目的は、近年における様々なセグメントと国の市場規模を明らかにし、今後数年間の市場規模を予測することです。本レポートは、調査対象国における産業の質的・量的側面を盛り込むよう設計されています。

また、市場の将来的な成長を規定する促進要因や課題などの重要な側面に関する詳細情報も提供しています。さらに、主要企業の競合情勢や製品提供の詳細な分析とともに、利害関係者が投資するためのミクロ市場における潜在的な機会も組み込んでいます。.

目次

第1章 エグゼクティブサマリー

第2章 世界の平鋼市場の定義と範囲

• 調査目的
• 市場の定義と範囲
  • 産業の進化
  • 調査範囲
• 調査対象年
• 通貨換算レート

第3章 世界の平鋼の市場力学

• 平鋼市場の影響分析（2020-2030年）
  • 市場促進要因
    • 自動車産業における鋼材の急速な採用
    • 建設産業からの需要増加
    • 製造業と機械生産の増加
  • 市場の課題
    • 鉄鋼価格の変動
  • 市場機会
    • エネルギー分野への投資増加
    • 造船業の増加

第4章 世界の平鋼市場：産業分析

• ポーターの5フォースモデル
  • 供給企業の交渉力
  • 買い手の交渉力
  • 新規参入業者の脅威
  • 代替品の脅威
  • 競争企業間の敵対関係
• ポーターの5フォース影響分析
• PEST分析
  • 政治
  • 経済
  • 社会
  • 技術
  • 環境
  • 法律
• 主な投資機会
• 主要成功戦略
• COVID-19影響分析
• 破壊的動向
• 業界専門家の視点
• アナリストの結論・提言

第5章 平鋼の世界市場：製品別

• 市場スナップショット
• 平鋼の世界市場：製品別、実績 - ポテンシャル分析
• 平鋼の世界市場：製品別推定・予測、2020-2030年
• 平鋼市場、サブセグメント分析
  • シート・コイル
  • プレート

第6章 平鋼の世界市場：最終用途別

• 市場スナップショット
• 平鋼の世界市場：最終用途別、実績 - ポテンシャル分析
• 平鋼の世界市場、最終用途別推定・予測、2020-2030年
• 平鋼市場、サブセグメント分析
  • 建築・建設
  • 自動車・航空宇宙
  • 鉄道・高速道路
  • その他

第7章 平鋼の世界市場、地域分析

• 主要国
• 主な新興国
• 平鋼市場の地域別市場スナップショット
• 北米
  • 米国
  • カナダ
• 欧州
  • 英国
  • ドイツ
  • フランス
  • スペイン
  • イタリア
  • その他欧州
• アジア太平洋
  • 中国
  • インド
  • 日本
  • オーストラリア
  • 韓国
  • その他アジア太平洋地域
• ラテンアメリカ
  • ブラジル
  • メキシコ
• 中東・アフリカ
  • サウジアラビア
  • 南アフリカ
  • その他中東・アフリカ

第8章 競合情報

• 主要企業のSWOT分析
• 主要市場戦略
• 企業プロファイル
  • Nippon Steel Corporation
    • 主要情報
    • 概要
    • 財務（データの入手可能性によります）
    • 製品概要
    • 最近の動向
  • Thyssenkrupp AG
  • Baosteel Group Corporation
  • United States Steel Corporation
  • JSW Steel
  • Tata Steel Limited
  • Hyundai Steel Company
  • JFE Steel Corporation
  • ArcelorMittal
  • Voestalpine Group

第9章 調査プロセス

• 調査プロセス
  • データマイニング
  • 分析
  • 市場推定
  • 検証
  • 出版
• 調査属性
• 調査前提条件

LIST OF TABLES

• TABLE 1. Global Flat Steel Market, report scope
• TABLE 2. Global Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by Region 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 3. Global Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by Product 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 4. Global Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by End-use 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 5. Global Flat Steel Market by segment, estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 6. Global Flat Steel Market by region, estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 7. Global Flat Steel Market by segment, estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 8. Global Flat Steel Market by region, estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 9. Global Flat Steel Market by segment, estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 10. Global Flat Steel Market by region, estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 11. Global Flat Steel Market by segment, estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 12. Global Flat Steel Market by region, estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 13. Global Flat Steel Market by segment, estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 14. Global Flat Steel Market by region, estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 15. U.S. Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 16. U.S. Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 17. U.S. Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 18. Canada Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 19. Canada Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 20. Canada Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 21. UK Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 22. UK Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 23. UK Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 24. Germany Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 25. Germany Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 26. Germany Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 27. France Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 28. France Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 29. France Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 30. Italy Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 31. Italy Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 32. Italy Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 33. Spain Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 34. Spain Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 35. Spain Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 36. RoE Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 37. RoE Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 38. RoE Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 39. China Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 40. China Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 41. China Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 42. India Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 43. India Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 44. India Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 45. Japan Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 46. Japan Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 47. Japan Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 48. South Korea Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 49. South Korea Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 50. South Korea Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 51. Australia Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 52. Australia Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 53. Australia Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 54. RoAPAC Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 55. RoAPAC Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 56. RoAPAC Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 57. Brazil Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 58. Brazil Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 59. Brazil Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 60. Mexico Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 61. Mexico Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 62. Mexico Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 63. RoLA Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 64. RoLA Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 65. RoLA Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 66. Saudi Arabia Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 67. South Africa Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 68. RoMEA Flat Steel Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 69. List of secondary sources, used in the study of global Flat Steel Market
• TABLE 70. List of primary sources, used in the study of global Flat Steel Market
• TABLE 71. Years considered for the study
• TABLE 72. Exchange rates considered

List of tables and figures and dummy in nature, final lists may vary in the final deliverable.

LIST OF FIGURES

• FIG 1. Global Flat Steel Market, research methodology
• FIG 2. Global Flat Steel Market, Market estimation techniques
• FIG 3. Global Market size estimates & forecast methods
• FIG 4. Global Flat Steel Market, key trends 2022
• FIG 5. Global Flat Steel Market, growth prospects 2023-2030
• FIG 6. Global Flat Steel Market, porters 5 force model
• FIG 7. Global Flat Steel Market, pest analysis
• FIG 8. Global Flat Steel Market, value chain analysis
• FIG 9. Global Flat Steel Market by segment, 2020 & 2030 (USD Billion)
• FIG 10. Global Flat Steel Market by segment, 2020 & 2030 (USD Billion)
• FIG 11. Global Flat Steel Market by segment, 2020 & 2030 (USD Billion)
• FIG 12. Global Flat Steel Market by segment, 2020 & 2030 (USD Billion)
• FIG 13. Global Flat Steel Market by segment, 2020 & 2030 (USD Billion)
• FIG 14. Global Flat Steel Market, regional snapshot 2020 & 2030
• FIG 15. North America Flat Steel Market 2020 & 2030 (USD Billion)
• FIG 16. Europe Flat Steel Market 2020 & 2030 (USD Billion)
• FIG 17. Asia pacific Flat Steel Market 2020 & 2030 (USD Billion)
• FIG 18. Latin America Flat Steel Market 2020 & 2030 (USD Billion)
• FIG 19. Middle East & Africa Flat Steel Market 2020 & 2030 (USD Billion)

List of tables and figures and dummy in nature, final lists may vary in the final deliverable.

Global Flat Steel Market is valued at approximately USD 816.15 billion in 2022 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than 2.50% during the forecast period 2023-2030. Flat steel refers to a category of steel products that are characterized by their flat, rectangular shape and relatively thin cross-section. This type of steel is produced through processes such as hot rolling or cold rolling, where the steel is shaped into flat sheets or strips. Flat steel products have a wide range of applications across various industries due to their versatility and structural properties. The Flat Steel Market is expanding because of factors such as the rapid inclusion of steel in the automotive industry, rising demand from the construction industry, and rising manufacturing and machinery production.

The ascending trajectory of the automotive industry is a compelling driver behind the robust growth of the Flat Steel Market. As the automotive sector undergoes rapid expansion globally, the demand for flat steel, a fundamental material in the manufacturing of vehicles, experiences a substantial surge. Flat steel, particularly in the form of sheets and plates, finds extensive use in constructing vehicle bodies, chassis, and various components due to its strength, formability, and durability. The International Energy Agency report, that there are more than 16.5 million electric vehicles in use worldwide in 2021, an increase of 61% is 10.2 million units in the year 2020. Moreover, according to the European Automobile Manufacturers Association, In the year 2022, around 85.4 million motor vehicles were produced worldwide which indicated an increase of 5.7% compared to the year 2021. Thus, the rising automotive industry is driving the market growth. In addition, rising investment in the energy sector, and the rising shipbuilding industry are creating new opportunities for market growth. However, fluctuation in steel prices stifles market growth throughout the forecast period of 2023-2030.

The key regions considered for the Global Flat Steel Market study includes Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. Asia Pacific dominated the market in 2022 owing to factors such as increased demand in industries such as automotive, rapid urbanization, rising government investment in construction and manufacturing projects in the region. Moreover, Europe is the fastest growing region in the market owing to factors such as rising investment in automotive industries and rising number of industrial activities in the region.

Major market player included in this report are:

• Nippon Steel Corporation
• Thyssenkrupp AG
• Baosteel Group Corporation
• United States Steel Corporation
• JSW Steel
• Tata Steel Limited
• Hyundai Steel Company
• JFE Steel Corporation
• ArcelorMittal
• Voestalpine Group

Recent Developments in the Market:

• In July 2022, Volvo announced to invest EUR 1.20 billion (USD 1.22 billion) for the establishment of a new manufacturing facility in Slovakia. The commencement of production at this plant is anticipated by the year 2026. These, would result in rising companies market share.

Global Flat Steel Market Report Scope:

• Historical Data: 2020 - 2021
• Base Year for Estimation: 2022
• Forecast period: 2023-2030
• Report Coverage: Revenue forecast, Company Ranking, Competitive Landscape, Growth factors, and Trends
• Segments Covered - Product, End-Use, Region
• Regional Scope: North America; Europe; Asia Pacific; Latin America; Middle East & Africa
• Customization Scope: Free report customization (equivalent up to 8 analyst's working hours) with purchase. Addition or alteration to country, regional & segment scope*

The objective of the study is to define market sizes of different segments & countries in recent years and to forecast the values to the coming years. The report is designed to incorporate both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the industry within countries involved in the study.

The report also caters detailed information about the crucial aspects such as driving factors & challenges which will define the future growth of the market. Additionally, it also incorporates potential opportunities in micro markets for stakeholders to invest along with the detailed analysis of competitive landscape and product offerings of key players. The detailed segments and sub-segment of the market are explained below.

By Product:

• Sheets & Coils
• Plates

By End Use:

• Building & Construction
• Automotive & Aerospace
• Railways & Highway
• Others

By Region:

• North America
• U.S.
• Canada
• Europe
• UK
• Germany
• France
• Spain
• Italy
• ROE
• Asia Pacific
• China
• India
• Japan
• Australia
• South Korea
• RoAPAC
• Latin America
• Brazil
• Mexico
• Middle East & Africa
• Saudi Arabia
• South Africa
• Rest of Middle East & Africa

Table of Contents

Chapter 1. Executive Summary

• 1.1. Market Snapshot
• 1.2. Global & Segmental Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
  • 1.2.1. Flat Steel Market, by Region, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
  • 1.2.2. Flat Steel Market, by Product, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
  • 1.2.3. Flat Steel Market, by End-use, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• 1.3. Key Trends
• 1.4. Estimation Methodology
• 1.5. Research Assumption

Chapter 2. Global Flat Steel Market Definition and Scope

• 2.1. Objective of the Study
• 2.2. Market Definition & Scope
  • 2.2.1. Industry Evolution
  • 2.2.2. Scope of the Study
• 2.3. Years Considered for the Study
• 2.4. Currency Conversion Rates

Chapter 3. Global Flat Steel Market Dynamics

• 3.1. Flat Steel Market Impact Analysis (2020-2030)
  • 3.1.1. Market Drivers
    • 3.1.1.1. Rapid inclusion of steel in the automotive industry
    • 3.1.1.2. Rising demand from construction industry
    • 3.1.1.3. Rising manufacturing and machinery production
  • 3.1.2. Market Challenges
    • 3.1.2.1. Fluctuation in steel prices
  • 3.1.3. Market Opportunities
    • 3.1.3.1. Rising investment in energy sector
    • 3.1.3.2. Rising shipbuilding industry

Chapter 4. Global Flat Steel Market Industry Analysis

• 4.1. Porter's 5 Force Model
  • 4.1.1. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
  • 4.1.2. Bargaining Power of Buyers
  • 4.1.3. Threat of New Entrants
  • 4.1.4. Threat of Substitutes
  • 4.1.5. Competitive Rivalry
• 4.2. Porter's 5 Force Impact Analysis
• 4.3. PEST Analysis
  • 4.3.1. Political
  • 4.3.2. Economical
  • 4.3.3. Social
  • 4.3.4. Technological
  • 4.3.5. Environmental
  • 4.3.6. Legal
• 4.4. Top investment opportunity
• 4.5. Top winning strategies
• 4.6. COVID-19 Impact Analysis
• 4.7. Disruptive Trends
• 4.8. Industry Expert Perspective
• 4.9. Analyst Recommendation & Conclusion

Chapter 5. Global Flat Steel Market, by Product

• 5.1. Market Snapshot
• 5.2. Global Flat Steel Market by Product, Performance - Potential Analysis
• 5.3. Global Flat Steel Market Estimates & Forecasts by Product 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• 5.4. Flat Steel Market, Sub Segment Analysis
  • 5.4.1. Sheets & Coils
  • 5.4.2. Plates

Chapter 6. Global Flat Steel Market, by End-use

• 6.1. Market Snapshot
• 6.2. Global Flat Steel Market by End-use, Performance - Potential Analysis
• 6.3. Global Flat Steel Market Estimates & Forecasts by End-use 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
• 6.4. Flat Steel Market, Sub Segment Analysis
  • 6.4.1. Building & Construction
  • 6.4.2. Automotive & Aerospace
  • 6.4.3. Railways & Highway
  • 6.4.4. Others

Chapter 7. Global Flat Steel Market, Regional Analysis

• 7.1. Top Leading Countries
• 7.2. Top Emerging Countries
• 7.3. Flat Steel Market, Regional Market Snapshot
• 7.4. North America Flat Steel Market
  • 7.4.1. U.S. Flat Steel Market
    • 7.4.1.1. Product breakdown estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030
    • 7.4.1.2. End-use breakdown estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030
  • 7.4.2. Canada Flat Steel Market
• 7.5. Europe Flat Steel Market Snapshot
  • 7.5.1. U.K. Flat Steel Market
  • 7.5.2. Germany Flat Steel Market
  • 7.5.3. France Flat Steel Market
  • 7.5.4. Spain Flat Steel Market
  • 7.5.5. Italy Flat Steel Market
  • 7.5.6. Rest of Europe Flat Steel Market
• 7.6. Asia-Pacific Flat Steel Market Snapshot
  • 7.6.1. China Flat Steel Market
  • 7.6.2. India Flat Steel Market
  • 7.6.3. Japan Flat Steel Market
  • 7.6.4. Australia Flat Steel Market
  • 7.6.5. South Korea Flat Steel Market
  • 7.6.6. Rest of Asia Pacific Flat Steel Market
• 7.7. Latin America Flat Steel Market Snapshot
  • 7.7.1. Brazil Flat Steel Market
  • 7.7.2. Mexico Flat Steel Market
• 7.8. Middle East & Africa Flat Steel Market
  • 7.8.1. Saudi Arabia Flat Steel Market
  • 7.8.2. South Africa Flat Steel Market
  • 7.8.3. Rest of Middle East & Africa Flat Steel Market

Chapter 8. Competitive Intelligence

• 8.1. Key Company SWOT Analysis
  • 8.1.1. Company 1
  • 8.1.2. Company 2
  • 8.1.3. Company 3
• 8.2. Top Market Strategies
• 8.3. Company Profiles
  • 8.3.1. Nippon Steel Corporation
    • 8.3.1.1. Key Information
    • 8.3.1.2. Overview
    • 8.3.1.3. Financial (Subject to Data Availability)
    • 8.3.1.4. Product Summary
    • 8.3.1.5. Recent Developments
  • 8.3.2. Thyssenkrupp AG
  • 8.3.3. Baosteel Group Corporation
  • 8.3.4. United States Steel Corporation
  • 8.3.5. JSW Steel
  • 8.3.6. Tata Steel Limited
  • 8.3.7. Hyundai Steel Company
  • 8.3.8. JFE Steel Corporation
  • 8.3.9. ArcelorMittal
  • 8.3.10. Voestalpine Group

Chapter 9. Research Process

• 9.1. Research Process
  • 9.1.1. Data Mining
  • 9.1.2. Analysis
  • 9.1.3. Market Estimation
  • 9.1.4. Validation
  • 9.1.5. Publishing
• 9.2. Research Attributes
• 9.3. Research Assumption