Market Analysis and Insights:
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the global Electric Winch market size is estimated to be worth US$ 925.54 million in 2022 and is forecast to a readjusted size of US$ 1,196.01 million by 2028 with a CAGR of 4.37% during the forecast period 2022-2028.
Drivers and Restrains:
The research report has incorporated the analysis of different factors that augment the market's growth. It constitutes trends, restraints, and drivers that transform the market in either a positive or negative manner. This section also provides the scope of different segments and applications that can potentially influence the market in the future. The detailed information is based on current trends and historic milestones. This section also provides an analysis of the volume of production about the global market and about each type from 2017 to 2028. This section mentions the volume of production by region from 2017 to 2028. Pricing analysis is included in the report according to each type from the year 2017 to 2028, manufacturer from 2017 to 2022, region from 2017 to 2022, and global price from 2017 to 2028.
A thorough evaluation of the restrains included in the report portrays the contrast to drivers and gives room for strategic planning. Factors that overshadow the market growth are pivotal as they can be understood to devise different bends for getting hold of the lucrative opportunities that are present in the ever-growing market. Additionally, insights into market expert's opinions have been taken to understand the market better.
Segment Analysis:
The research report includes specific segments by region (country), by manufacturers, by Type and by Application. Each type provides information about the production during the forecast period of 2017 to 2028. by Application segment also provides consumption during the forecast period of 2017 to 2028. Understanding the segments helps in identifying the importance of different factors that aid the market growth.
By Company
- Mile Marker Industries
- Ingersoll Rand
- Harken
- COMEUP Industries
- WARN Industries
- Superwinch
- Ramsey Winch
- Winchmax
- Thern
- Taiwan Hoist and Cable
- Patterson
- KOSTER
- Champion Power Equipment
- Vulcan Hoist
- RAM Winch & Hoist
- Ningbo Lianda Winch
- ZheJiang Runva Mechanical&Electrical
- Zhejiang Nowvow Mechanical&Electrical
- Shandong Jndo Hoisting Equipment
- Dragon Winch
Segment by Type
- Single Reel Electric Winch
- Double Reel Electric Winch
- Others
Segment by Application
- Vehicle Towing
- Boat Towing
- General Industrial
- Others
Production by Region
- North America
- Europe
- China
- Japan
Consumption by Region
- Asia-Pacific
- China
- Japan
- South Korea
- China Taiwan
- Southeast Asia
- India
- Australia
- Europe
- Germany
- France
- U.K.
- Italy
- Russia
- Rest of Europe
- South America
- Mexico
- Brazil
- Rest of South America
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 ELECTRIC WINCH MARKET OVERVIEW
- 1.1 PRODUCT OVERVIEW AND SCOPE OF ELECTRIC WINCH
- 1.2 ELECTRIC WINCH SEGMENT BY TYPE
- 1.2.1 GLOBAL ELECTRIC WINCH MARKET SIZE GROWTH RATE ANALYSIS BY TYPE: 2022 VS 2028
- 1.2.2 SINGLE REEL ELECTRIC WINCH
- 1.2.3 DOUBLE REEL ELECTRIC WINCH
- 1.3 ELECTRIC WINCH SEGMENT BY APPLICATION
- 1.3.1 GLOBAL ELECTRIC WINCH MARKET SIZE GROWTH RATE ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION: 2022 VS 2028
- 1.3.2 VEHICLE TOWING
- 1.3.3 BOAT TOWING
- 1.3.4 GENERAL INDUSTRIAL
- 1.4 GLOBAL MARKET GROWTH PROSPECTS
- 1.4.1 GLOBAL ELECTRIC WINCH REVENUE ESTIMATES AND FORECASTS (2017-2028)
- 1.4.2 GLOBAL ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION ESTIMATES AND FORECASTS (2017-2028)
- 1.5 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE BY REGION
- 1.5.1 GLOBAL ELECTRIC WINCH MARKET SIZE ESTIMATES AND FORECASTS BY REGION: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
- 1.5.2 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC WINCH ESTIMATES AND FORECASTS (2017-2028)
- 1.5.3 EUROPE ELECTRIC WINCH ESTIMATES AND FORECASTS (2017-2028)
- 1.5.4 CHINA ELECTRIC WINCH ESTIMATES AND FORECASTS (2017-2028)
- 1.5.5 JAPAN ELECTRIC WINCH ESTIMATES AND FORECASTS (2017-2028)
2 MARKET COMPETITION BY MANUFACTURERS
- 2.1 GLOBAL ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION BY MANUFACTURERS (2017-2022)
- 2.2 GLOBAL ELECTRIC WINCH REVENUE MARKET SHARE BY MANUFACTURERS (2017-2022)
- 2.3 ELECTRIC WINCH MARKET SHARE BY COMPANY TYPE (TIER 1, TIER 2, AND TIER 3)
- 2.4 GLOBAL ELECTRIC WINCH AVERAGE PRICE BY MANUFACTURERS (2017-2022)
- 2.5 MANUFACTURERS ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION SITES, AREA SERVED, PRODUCT TYPE
- 2.6 ELECTRIC WINCH MARKET COMPETITIVE SITUATION AND TRENDS
- 2.6.1 ELECTRIC WINCH MARKET CONCENTRATION RATE
- 2.6.2 GLOBAL 3 AND 5 LARGEST ELECTRIC WINCH PLAYERS MARKET SHARE BY REVENUE
- 2.6.3 MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS, EXPANSION
3 PRODUCTION BY REGION
- 3.1 GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC WINCH BY REGION (2017-2022)
- 3.2 GLOBAL ELECTRIC WINCH REVENUE MARKET SHARE BY REGION (2017-2022)
- 3.3 GLOBAL ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION, REVENUE, PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN (2017-2022)
- 3.4 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION
- 3.4.1 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (2017-2022)
- 3.4.2 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION, REVENUE, PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN (2017-2022)
- 3.5 EUROPE ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION
- 3.5.1 EUROPE ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (2017-2022)
- 3.5.2 EUROPE ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION, REVENUE, PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN (2017-2022)
- 3.6 CHINA ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION (2017-2022)
- 3.6.1 CHINA ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (2017-2022)
- 3.6.2 CHINA ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION, REVENUE, PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN (2017-2022)
- 3.7 JAPAN ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION (2017-2022)
- 3.7.1 JAPAN ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (2017-2022)
- 3.7.2 JAPAN ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION, REVENUE, PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN (2017-2022)
4 ELECTRIC WINCH CONSUMPTION BY REGION
- 4.1 GLOBAL ELECTRIC WINCH CONSUMPTION BY REGION
- 4.1.1 GLOBAL ELECTRIC WINCH CONSUMPTION BY REGION
- 4.1.2 GLOBAL ELECTRIC WINCH CONSUMPTION MARKET SHARE BY REGION
- 4.2 NORTH AMERICA
- 4.2.1 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC WINCH CONSUMPTION BY COUNTRY
- 4.2.2 U.S.
- 4.2.3 CANADA
- 4.3 EUROPE
- 4.3.1 EUROPE ELECTRIC WINCH CONSUMPTION BY COUNTRY
- 4.3.2 GERMANY
- 4.3.3 FRANCE
- 4.3.4 U.K.
- 4.3.5 RUSSIA
- 4.3.6 ITALY
- 4.4 ASIA PACIFIC
- 4.4.1 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC WINCH CONSUMPTION BY REGION
- 4.4.2 CHINA
- 4.4.3 JAPAN
- 4.4.4 SOUTH KOREA
- 4.4.5 INDIA
- 4.4.6 SOUTHEAST ASIA
- 4.4.7 AUSTRALIA
- 4.5 LATIN AMERICA
- 4.5.1 LATIN AMERICA ELECTRIC WINCH CONSUMPTION BY COUNTRY
- 4.5.2 BRAZIL
- 4.5.3 MEXICO
5 SEGMENT BY TYPE
- 5.1 GLOBAL ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION MARKET SHARE BY TYPE (2017-2022)
- 5.2 GLOBAL ELECTRIC WINCH REVENUE MARKET SHARE BY TYPE (2017-2022)
- 5.3 GLOBAL ELECTRIC WINCH PRICE BY TYPE (2017-2022)
6 SEGMENT BY APPLICATION
- 6.1 GLOBAL ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION MARKET SHARE BY APPLICATION (2017-2022)
- 6.2 GLOBAL ELECTRIC WINCH REVENUE MARKET SHARE BY APPLICATION (2017-2022)
- 6.3 GLOBAL ELECTRIC WINCH PRICE BY APPLICATION (2017-2022)
7 KEY COMPANIES PROFILED
- 7.1 MILE MARKER INDUSTRIES
- 7.1.1 MILE MARKER INDUSTRIES ELECTRIC WINCH CORPORATION INFORMATION
- 7.1.2 MILE MARKER INDUSTRIES ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
- 7.1.3 MILE MARKER INDUSTRIES ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION, REVENUE, PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN (2017-2022)
- 7.1.4 MILE MARKER INDUSTRIES MAIN BUSINESS AND MARKETS SERVED
- 7.2 INGERSOLL RAND
- 7.2.1 INGERSOLL RAND ELECTRIC WINCH CORPORATION INFORMATION
- 7.2.2 INGERSOLL RAND ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
- 7.2.3 INGERSOLL RAND ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION, REVENUE, PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN (2017-2022)
- 7.2.4 INGERSOLL RAND MAIN BUSINESS AND MARKETS SERVED
- 7.2.5 INGERSOLL RAND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS/UPDATES
- 7.3 HARKEN
- 7.3.1 HARKEN ELECTRIC WINCH CORPORATION INFORMATION
- 7.3.2 HARKEN ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
- 7.3.3 HARKEN ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION, REVENUE, PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN (2017-2022)
- 7.3.4 HARKEN MAIN BUSINESS AND MARKETS SERVED
- 7.4 COMEUP INDUSTRIES
- 7.4.1 COMEUP INDUSTRIES ELECTRIC WINCH CORPORATION INFORMATION
- 7.4.2 COMEUP INDUSTRIES ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
- 7.4.3 COMEUP INDUSTRIES ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION, REVENUE, PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN (2017-2022)
- 7.4.4 COMEUP INDUSTRIES MAIN BUSINESS AND MARKETS SERVED
- 7.5 WARN INDUSTRIES
- 7.5.1 WARN INDUSTRIES ELECTRIC WINCH CORPORATION INFORMATION
- 7.5.2 WARN INDUSTRIES ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
- 7.5.3 WARN INDUSTRIES ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION, REVENUE, PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN (2017-2022)
- 7.5.4 WARN INDUSTRIES MAIN BUSINESS AND MARKETS SERVED
- 7.6 SUPERWINCH
- 7.6.1 SUPERWINCH ELECTRIC WINCH CORPORATION INFORMATION
- 7.6.2 SUPERWINCH ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
- 7.6.3 SUPERWINCH ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION, REVENUE, PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN (2017-2022)
- 7.6.4 SUPERWINCH MAIN BUSINESS AND MARKETS SERVED
- 7.7 RAMSEY WINCH
- 7.7.1 RAMSEY WINCH ELECTRIC WINCH CORPORATION INFORMATION
- 7.7.2 RAMSEY WINCH ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
- 7.7.3 RAMSEY WINCH ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION, REVENUE, PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN (2017-2022)
- 7.7.4 RAMSEY WINCH MAIN BUSINESS AND MARKETS SERVED
- 7.8 WINCHMAX
- 7.8.1 WINCHMAX ELECTRIC WINCH CORPORATION INFORMATION
- 7.8.2 WINCHMAX ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
- 7.8.3 WINCHMAX ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION, REVENUE, PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN (2017-2022)
- 7.8.4 WINCHMAX MAIN BUSINESS AND MARKETS SERVED
- 7.9 THERN
- 7.9.1 THERN ELECTRIC WINCH CORPORATION INFORMATION
- 7.9.2 THERN ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
- 7.9.3 THERN ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION, REVENUE, PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN (2017-2022)
- 7.9.4 THERN MAIN BUSINESS AND MARKETS SERVED
- 7.10 TAIWAN HOIST AND CABLE
- 7.10.1 TAIWAN HOIST AND CABLE ELECTRIC WINCH CORPORATION INFORMATION
- 7.10.2 TAIWAN HOIST AND CABLE ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
- 7.10.3 TAIWAN HOIST AND CABLE ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION, REVENUE, PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN (2017-2022)
- 7.10.4 TAIWAN HOIST AND CABLE MAIN BUSINESS AND MARKETS SERVED
- 7.11 PATTERSON
- 7.11.1 PATTERSON ELECTRIC WINCH CORPORATION INFORMATION
- 7.11.2 PATTERSON ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
- 7.11.3 PATTERSON ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION, REVENUE, PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN (2017-2022)
- 7.11.4 PATTERSON MAIN BUSINESS AND MARKETS SERVED
- 7.12 KOSTER
- 7.12.1 KOSTER ELECTRIC WINCH CORPORATION INFORMATION
- 7.12.2 KOSTER ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
- 7.12.3 KOSTER ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION, REVENUE, PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN (2017-2022)
- 7.12.4 KOSTER MAIN BUSINESS AND MARKETS SERVED
- 7.13 CHAMPION POWER EQUIPMENT
- 7.13.1 CHAMPION POWER EQUIPMENT ELECTRIC WINCH CORPORATION INFORMATION
- 7.13.2 CHAMPION POWER EQUIPMENT ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
- 7.13.3 CHAMPION POWER EQUIPMENT ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION, REVENUE, PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN (2017-2022)
- 7.13.4 CHAMPION POWER EQUIPMENT MAIN BUSINESS AND MARKETS SERVED
- 7.14 VULCAN HOIST
- 7.14.1 VULCAN HOIST ELECTRIC WINCH CORPORATION INFORMATION
- 7.14.2 VULCAN HOIST ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
- 7.14.3 VULCAN HOIST ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION, REVENUE, PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN (2017-2022)
- 7.14.4 VULCAN HOIST MAIN BUSINESS AND MARKETS SERVED
- 7.15 RAM WINCH & HOIST
- 7.15.1 RAM WINCH & HOIST ELECTRIC WINCH CORPORATION INFORMATION
- 7.15.2 RAM WINCH & HOIST ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
- 7.15.3 RAM WINCH & HOIST ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION, REVENUE, PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN (2017-2022)
- 7.15.4 RAM WINCH & HOIST MAIN BUSINESS AND MARKETS SERVED
- 7.16 NINGBO LIANDA WINCH
- 7.16.1 NINGBO LIANDA WINCH ELECTRIC WINCH CORPORATION INFORMATION
- 7.16.2 NINGBO LIANDA WINCH ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
- 7.16.3 NINGBO LIANDA WINCH ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION, REVENUE, PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN (2017-2022)
- 7.16.4 NINGBO LIANDA WINCH MAIN BUSINESS AND MARKETS SERVED
- 7.17 ZHEJIANG RUNVA MECHANICAL&ELECTRICAL
- 7.17.1 ZHEJIANG RUNVA MECHANICAL&ELECTRICAL ELECTRIC WINCH CORPORATION INFORMATION
- 7.17.2 ZHEJIANG RUNVA MECHANICAL&ELECTRICAL ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
- 7.17.3 ZHEJIANG RUNVA MECHANICAL&ELECTRICAL ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION, REVENUE, PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN (2017-2022)
- 7.17.4 ZHEJIANG RUNVA MECHANICAL&ELECTRICAL MAIN BUSINESS AND MARKETS SERVED
- 7.18 ZHEJIANG NOWVOW MECHANICAL&ELECTRICAL
- 7.18.1 ZHEJIANG NOWVOW MECHANICAL&ELECTRICAL ELECTRIC WINCH CORPORATION INFORMATION
- 7.18.2 ZHEJIANG NOWVOW MECHANICAL&ELECTRICAL ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
- 7.18.3 ZHEJIANG NOWVOW MECHANICAL&ELECTRICAL ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION, REVENUE, PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN (2017-2022)
- 7.18.4 ZHEJIANG NOWVOW MECHANICAL&ELECTRICAL MAIN BUSINESS AND MARKETS SERVED
- 7.19 SHANDONG JNDO HOISTING EQUIPMENT
- 7.19.1 SHANDONG JNDO HOISTING EQUIPMENT ELECTRIC WINCH CORPORATION INFORMATION
- 7.19.2 SHANDONG JNDO HOISTING EQUIPMENT ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
- 7.19.3 SHANDONG JNDO HOISTING EQUIPMENT ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION, REVENUE, PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN (2017-2022)
- 7.19.4 SHANDONG JNDO HOISTING EQUIPMENT MAIN BUSINESS AND MARKETS SERVED
- 7.20 DRAGON WINCH
- 7.20.1 DRAGON WINCH ELECTRIC WINCH CORPORATION INFORMATION
- 7.20.2 DRAGON WINCH ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
- 7.20.3 DRAGON WINCH ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION, REVENUE, PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN (2017-2022)
- 7.20.4 DRAGON WINCH MAIN BUSINESS AND MARKETS SERVED
8 ELECTRIC WINCH MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS
- 8.1 ELECTRIC WINCH KEY RAW MATERIALS ANALYSIS
- 8.1.1 KEY SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
- 8.1.2 KEY RAW MATERIALS PRICE TREND
- 8.2 PROPORTION OF MANUFACTURING COST STRUCTURE
- 8.3 MANUFACTURING PROCESS ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC WINCH
- 8.4 ELECTRIC WINCH INDUSTRIAL CHAIN ANALYSIS
9 MARKETING CHANNEL, DISTRIBUTORS AND CUSTOMERS
- 9.1 MARKETING CHANNEL
- 9.2 ELECTRIC WINCH DISTRIBUTORS LIST
- 9.3 ELECTRIC WINCH CUSTOMERS
10 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS
- 10.1 TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS/RISK
- 10.1.1 SUBSTITUTES THREAT
- 10.1.2 TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS IN RELATED INDUSTRY
- 10.2 CONSUMER NEEDS/CUSTOMER PREFERENCE CHANGE
- 10.3 ECONOMIC/POLITICAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
- 10.4 PORTER'S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
11 PRODUCTION AND SUPPLY FORECAST
- 11.1 GLOBAL FORECASTED PRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC WINCH BY REGION (2023-2028)
- 11.2 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION, REVENUE FORECAST (2023-2028)
- 11.3 EUROPE ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION, REVENUE FORECAST (2023-2028)
- 11.4 CHINA ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION, REVENUE FORECAST (2023-2028)
- 11.5 JAPAN ELECTRIC WINCH PRODUCTION, REVENUE FORECAST (2023-2028)
12 CONSUMPTION AND DEMAND FORECAST
- 12.1 GLOBAL FORECASTED DEMAND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC WINCH
- 12.2 NORTH AMERICA FORECASTED CONSUMPTION OF ELECTRIC WINCH BY COUNTRY
- 12.3 EUROPE MARKET FORECASTED CONSUMPTION OF ELECTRIC WINCH BY COUNTRY
- 12.4 ASIA PACIFIC MARKET FORECASTED CONSUMPTION OF ELECTRIC WINCH BY REGION
- 12.5 LATIN AMERICA FORECASTED CONSUMPTION OF ELECTRIC WINCH BY COUNTRY
13 FORECAST BY TYPE AND BY APPLICATION
- 13.1 GLOBAL PRODUCTION, REVENUE AND PRICE FORECAST BY TYPE (2023-2028)
- 13.1.1 GLOBAL FORECASTED PRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC WINCH BY TYPE (2023-2028)
- 13.1.2 GLOBAL FORECASTED REVENUE OF ELECTRIC WINCH BY TYPE (2023-2028)
- 13.1.3 GLOBAL FORECASTED PRICE OF ELECTRIC WINCH BY TYPE (2023-2028)
- 13.2 GLOBAL PRODUCTION, REVENUE AND PRICE FORECAST BY APPLICATION (2023-2028)
- 13.2.1 GLOBAL FORECASTED PRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC WINCH BY APPLICATION (2023-2028)
- 13.2.2 GLOBAL FORECASTED REVENUE OF ELECTRIC WINCH BY APPLICATION (2023-2028)
- 13.2.3 GLOBAL FORECASTED PRICE OF ELECTRIC WINCH BY APPLICATION (2023-2028)
14 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION
15 METHODOLOGY AND DATA SOURCE
- 15.1 METHODOLOGY/RESEARCH APPROACH
- 15.1.1 RESEARCH PROGRAMS/DESIGN
- 15.1.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION
- 15.1.3 MARKET BREAKDOWN AND DATA TRIANGULATION
- 15.2 DATA SOURCE
- 15.2.1 SECONDARY SOURCES
- 15.2.2 PRIMARY SOURCES
- 15.3 AUTHOR LIST
- 15.4 DISCLAIMER