中国は、世界最大の太陽電池生産国となっており、コスト競争力の面でもトップに立っています。同国のなかでもコスト競争力が高い「B」社は、ペーストの使用量を徐々に減らすといった取り組みを進めることで、太陽電池やモジュールの製造コストを引き下げることに成功しています。
当レポートは、太陽電池モジュールを製造している中国の大手メーカー「B」社を取り上げ、2009年から2011年までの四半期ごとのコスト分析を行なうとともに、2012年から2015年までの予測を示したもので、コスト削減戦略の詳細な分析や予測も盛り込み、概略以下の構成でお届けいたします。
Abstract
Chinese top-tier solar companies cost competitiveness.
- Compared to year 2009 Chinese top tier manufacturing cost decreased by 50%.
- Compared to year 2010 Wafer manufacturing cost decreased by 1/3.
- Cell/Module which requires large amount of component material has the
lowest manufacturing cost reduction level.
The report contains world's most cost competitive Chinese Top Tier companies
(A: Polysilicon-Ingot-Wafer, B: Cell-Module) quarterly cost analysis from 2009
to 2011 and quarterly cost forecast from 2012 to 2015. In addition, the report
holds in-depth analysis and forecast on strategies for cutting costs,
depreciation, operating profit and CapEx, Opex quarterly information.
- Raw material Cost Analysis (2010~2015F)
- Process Cost and Average Selling Price (2010~2015F)
- CapEx & OpEx (2010~2015F)
- Profit Margin & Net Profit Margin (2010~2015F)
- R&D Topics (2011~2015F)
- Capacity & Production by quarter (2010~2015F)\
Company “A”s current production cost is 41.2% compared to Q1 in
2009. Company “A” where production of polysilicon and ingot/wafer is
vertically integrated is a company in China which is the largest global
producer of solar cell and a top cost competitive country. Among the main
ingredient there was a 30% reduction on TCS gas section. This may be due to
the fact that from Q4 in 2010 100% in house system was taken place. In
addition by improving the equipment performance and yield ratio 13.4% cost
reduction was obtained.
Source: China Top Tier Company “A” Polysilicon,
Ingot/Wafer Cost Analysis Report, Issued by Solar & Energy in 2012
“A” companies ingot and wafer manufacturing cost level compared to Q1 in 2009
is currently 50.8% and 34.8% respectively. Quartz Crucible, Argon gas,
electricity cost in order significantly contributed to cost reduction.
Source: China Top Tier Company “A” Polysilicon,
Ingot / Wafer Cost Analysis Report, Issued by Solar & Energy in 2012
For wafer, saw wire and abrasive led to cost saving by 15% respectively. With
the introduction of diamond wire saw more then 16% of the cost saving is
planned for year 2012.
Source: China Top Tier Company “B” cell / module cost analysis report,
issued by Solar & Energy in 2012
China's leading cost competitive company “B” achieved on average of 35% of
cost reduction. Among cell production cost, paste achieved 20% reduction. The
gradual decrease in paste consumption and the change in market price of paste
are analyzed as two reasons.
Source: China Top Tier Company “B” cell/module cost analysis report,
issued in 2012 Solar & Energy
Module which requires largest amount of subsidiary materials shows uniform
cost reduction in various fields. The cost reduction level shown below appears
to be from the reason of price decline in component material.
Source: China Top Tier Company “B” cell / module cost analysis report,
issued by Solar & Energy in 2012
The Top Tier companies in China, led to cost savings of an average of 50
percent compared to three years ago. Domestic and foreign solar companies need
to identify China's production cost level and redefine business strategy.
About Solar&Energy
Solar&Energy Co. Ltd. has been established with the chief objective of
providing global market survey and consulting services with regard to new and
renewable energy industries including solar, fuel cell and wind power, as well
as the secondary battery industry and the related automobile and mobile
applications.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
- 1.1. Manufacturing Process of c-Si Cell
- 1.1.1. Preparation of substrates
- 1.1.2. Forming P-N junction
- 1.1.3. Diffusion ways of impurities
- 1.1.4. Forming reflective barrier
- 1.1.5. Forming Electrode
- 1.3. Manufacturing Process of c-Si Module
- 1.3.1. Cell Selection
- 1.3.2. Tabbing & String
- 1.3.3. Module Setting
- 1.3.4. Lamination
- 1.3.5. Appearance Check
- 1.3.6. Assembly
- 1.3.7. Performance Test
2. Top tier “B” Cell (125 Mono, 156 Multi)
- 2.1. Cell Manufacturing Process Overview
- 2.2. Cell Capacity & Production by Plant, by Quarter (2009~2015F)
- 2.3. Cell Cost Analysis by Quarter (2009~2015F)
- 2.3.1. Raw Material Cost and Consumption by Quarter (2009~2015F)
- 2.3.2. Cell Production Cost Structure (2009~2015F)
- 2.3.3. Cell Profit Margin and Average Selling Price (2009~2015F)
- 2.4. Cost Reduction Plan (2011~2015F)
- 2.5. CapEx by Plant (2009~2015F)
- 2.6. OPEX and Net Profit Margin (2009~2015F)
- 2.7. Conclusion
3. Top tier “B” Module
- 3.1. Module Manufacturing Process Overview
- 3.2. Module Capacity & Production by Plant, by Quarter (2009~2015F)
- 3.3. Module Cost Analysis by Quarter (2009~2015F)
- 3.3.1. Module Production Cost Structure (2009~2015F)
- 3.3.2. Module Profit Margin and Average Selling Price (2009~2015F)
- 3.4. Cost Reduction Plan (2011~2015F)
- 3.5. CapEx by Plant (2009~2015F)
- 3.6. OPEX and Net Profit Margin (2009~2015F)
- 3.7. Conclusion
4. Index
Figure
- [Figure 1-1]. Manufacturing process of wafer for Crystalline Silicon Cell
- [Figure 1-2]. Manufacturing process of Crystalline Silicon Cell
- [Figure 1-3]. Gasoline vapor diffusion
- [Figure 1-4]. Liquid vapor diffusion
- [Figure 1-5]. Solid vapor diffusion
- [Figure 1-6]. Result of the Surface organization process
- [Figure 1-7]. Surface treatment and electrode formation of various solar cells
- [Figure 1-8]. Cell tester and sorter
- [Figure 1-9]. How to spray flux into solar cells
- [Figure 1-10]. Soldering method and heat source for solar cells
- [Figure 1-11]. Tabbing & String Circuit configuration
- [Figure 1-12]. Shape of Tabbing & Stringer
- [Figure 1-13]. Module arrangement and circuit connection
- [Figure 1-14]. Module Lay-up
- [Figure 1-15]. Temperature and pressure profile during the lamination process
- [Figure 1-16]. Principle of the lamination process
- [Figure 1-17]. Structure map of completed PV modules
- [Figure 2-1]. c-Si Solar Cell Core Materials
- [Figure 2-2]. c-Si Solar Cell Manufacturing Process
- [Figure 2-3]. 2009Q1-2015Q4 Top tier “B” Cell Growth Rate and Capacity & Production by Quarter
- [Figure 2-4]. 2009Q1-2015Q4 Metal Paste Cost and Consumption
- [Figure 2-5]. 2009Q1-2015Q4 Top tier “B” Cell Cost Structure (USD/W)
- [Figure 2-6]. 2009Q1-2015Q4 Top tier “B” Cell Cost Structure (%)
- [Figure 2-7]. 2009Q1-2015Q4 Top tier “B” Cell Average Selling Price (USD/kg)
- [Figure 2-8]. Top tier “B” P1-P5 Cell Plant Equipment Building Construction etc CapEx (USD/W)
- [Figure 2-9]. Top tier “B” P1-P5 Cell Plant Equipment Building Construction etc CapEx (%)
- [Figure 2-10]. 2009Q1-2015Q4 Top tier “B” Cell Profit (USD/W)
- [Figure 2-11]. Analysis of Cell Manufacturing Cost Reduction % (based on data in 2011/4Q compared to 2009/1Q)
- [Figure 2-12]. Analysis of Cell Manufacturing Cost Reduction % (based on data in 2015/4Q compared to 2012/1Q)
- [Figure 3-1]. c-Si Solar Module Manufacturing Process
- [Figure 3-2]. 2009Q1-2015Q4 Top tier “B” Module Growth Rate and Capacity & Production by Quarter
- [Figure 3-3]. 2009Q1-2015Q4 Top tier “B” Module Cost Structure (USD/W)
- [Figure 3-4]. 2009Q1-2015Q4 Top tier “B” Module Cost Structure (%)
- [Figure 3-5]. 2009Q1-2015Q4 Top tier “B” Module Average Selling Price (USD/kg)
- [Figure 3-6]. Top tier “B” P1-P5 Module Plant Equipment Building Construction etc CapEx (USD/W)
- [Figure 3-7]. Top tier “B” P1-P5 Module Plant Equipment Building Construction etc CapEx (%)
- [Figure 3-8]. 2009Q1-2015Q4 Top tier “B” Module Profit (USD/W)
- [Figure 3-9]. Analysis of Module Manufacturing Cost Reduction % (based on data in 2011/4Q compared to 2009/1Q)
- [Figure 3-10]. Analysis of Module Manufacturing Cost Reduction % (based on data in 2015/4Q compared to 2012/1Q)
Table
- [Table 1-1]. Etching solution composition to remove defects of various silicon substrates and its property
- [Table 1-2]. Impurity diffusion (classification by source)
- [Table 1-3]. Refractive index based on reflective barrier materials
- [Table 2-1]. 2009Q1-2015Q4 Top tier “B” Cell Growth Rate and Capacity & Production by Quarter
- [Table 2-2]. Several Types of Solar Cell Produced by Top Tier “B” Company
- [Table 2-3]. 2009Q1-2015Q4 Metal Paste Cost and Consumption
- [Table 2-4]. 2009Q1-2015Q4 Top tier “B” Cell Cost Structure (USD/W)
- [Table 2-5]. 2009Q1-2015Q4 Top tier “B” Cell Cost Structure (%)
- [Table 2-6]. 2009Q1-2015Q4 Top tier “B” Cell ASP (USD/W) and Profit Margin
- [Table 2-7]. 2011-2015 Top tier “B” Module Cost Reduction Plan
- [Table 2-8]. Top tier “B” P1-P5 Cell Plant Equipment Building Construction etc CapEx (USD/W)
- [Table 2-9]. Top tier “B” P1-P5 Cell Plant Equipment Building Construction etc CapEx (%)
- [Table 2-10]. 2009Q1-2015Q4 Top tier “B” Cell OPEX (USD/W)
- [Table 3-1]. 2009Q1-2015Q4 Top tier “B” Module Growth Rate and Capacity & Production by Quarter
- [Table 3-2]. 2009Q1-2015Q4 Top tier “B” Module Cost Structure (USD/W)
- [Table 3-3]. 2009Q1-2015Q4 Top tier “B” Module Cost Structure (%)
- [Table 3-4]. 2009Q1-2015Q4 Top tier “B” Module ASP (USD/W) and Profit Margin
- [Table 3-5]. 2011-2015 Top tier “B” Module Cost Reduction Plan
- [Table 3-6]. Top tier “B” P1-P5 Module Plant Equipment Building Construction etc CapEx (USD/W)
- [Table 3-7]. Top tier “B” P1-P5 Module Plant Equipment Building Construction etc CapEx (%)
- [Table 3-8]. 2009Q1-2015Q4 Top tier “B” Module OPEX (USD/W)