表紙:欧州の生検デバイス市場:Medtech 360
市場調査レポート
商品コード
1283158

欧州の生検デバイス市場:Medtech 360

Biopsy Devices | Medtech 360 | Market Insights | Europe

出版日: | 発行: Clarivate | ページ情報: 英文 | 納期: 即日から翌営業日

価格
価格表記: USDを日本円(税抜)に換算
本日の銀行送金レート: 1USD=155.76円
欧州の生検デバイス市場:Medtech 360
出版日: 2023年05月30日
発行: Clarivate
ページ情報: 英文
納期: 即日から翌営業日
  • 全表示
  • 概要
  • 目次
概要

欧州の生検デバイスの市場規模は、COVID-19のパンデミックによりマイナスの影響を受けています。しかし、癌検診の増加や検診ガイドラインの更新により、2032年まで生検の手技総数は微増を続けるとみられています。さらに、再利用型デバイスからディスポーザブルデバイスへの移行が進んでいることに加え、生検手技やスクリーニング検査に関する患者の認識が改善されていることも、市場に大きなプラスの影響を与えるでしょう。全体として、これらの要因が予測期間中の市場の継続的成長を支えると予測されています。

当レポートでは、欧州の生検デバイス市場について調査し、市場の概要とともに、2019年~2032年のセグメント別の市場動向と予測データ、競合動向などを提供しています。

目次

欧州

概要

エグゼクティブサマリー

主要なレポートの更新

生検デバイス市場

  • 市場のハイライト
  • 市場の定義
  • 市場予測データ
  • 主な競合
  • 競合考察
    • Boston Scientific
    • Olympus
    • BD
    • Hologic
    • その他の主要な競合企業
    • すべての競合企業に影響を与える要因
  • 市場の発展

経皮的軟部組織生検デバイス市場

  • 市場のハイライト
  • 市場の定義
  • 市場予測データ
    • 真空支援生検デバイス
    • コアニードルバイオプシーデバイス
    • 細い針
  • 市場シェアランキング
  • 競合考察
    • 欧州の経皮的軟部組織生検デバイス市場の競合考察
    • すべての競合企業に影響を与える要因

骨髄生検デバイス市場

  • 市場のハイライト
  • 市場の定義
  • 市場予測データ
  • 市場シェア
  • 競合考察
    • 欧州の骨髄生検デバイス市場の競合考察
    • すべての競合企業に影響を与える要因

消化管生検デバイス市場

  • 市場のハイライト
  • 市場の定義
  • 市場予測データ
    • 生検鉗子
    • ポリープ切除用スネア
  • 市場シェア
  • 競合考察
    • 欧州の消化管生検デバイス市場の競合考察
    • すべての競合企業に影響を与える要因

気管支生検デバイス市場

  • 市場のハイライト
  • 市場の定義
  • 市場予測データ
  • 生検鉗子
  • TBNA針
  • 主な競合
  • 競合考察
    • 欧州の気管支生検デバイス市場の競合考察

婦人科生検デバイス市場

  • 市場のハイライト
  • 市場の定義
  • 市場予測データ
  • 主な競合
  • 競合考察
    • 欧州の婦人科生検デバイス市場の競合考察
    • すべての競合企業に影響を与える要因

付録

調査手法

目次
Product Code: 47041064

The European biopsy device market was negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, overall biopsy procedure volumes will continue to grow marginally through 2032, driven by rise in cancer screenings as well as updated recommendations to screening guidelines. In addition, the ongoing shift from reusable to disposable devices, coupled with improved patient perceptions surrounding biopsy procedures and screening tests, will have a significant positive impact on the market; overall, these factors will support continued market growth during the forecast period.

This Medtech 360 Report provides comprehensive data and analysis on the state of the market for biopsy devices in Europe from 2019 through 2032.

COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the European biopsy devices market, affecting procedure volumes and device segments.

  • To what extent has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the biopsy device market in Europe?
  • Which procedures were affected the most during the pandemic?
  • How quickly procedure volumes recovered?

Implementation of new cancer screening programs will support the growth of European biopsy device market.

  • What cancer screening programs were recently launched, and how will they impact the market?
  • How are CRC screening programs affecting market dynamics in Europe?
  • How are breast cancer screening programs affecting market dynamics in Europe?

Minimally invasive, alternative technologies to tissue biopsy are being adopted by physicians in the Europe.

  • To what extent are physicians adopting these minimally invasive technologies?
  • How will the adoption of alternative technologies impact the biopsy device market?

Which major players are impacting the biopsy device market and how?

  • Who all are the major competitors in each market segment?
  • Which companies have been involved in recent market developments? How does this affect the market?

Table of Contents

Europe

Abstract

Executive Summary

  • COVID-19 Updates
  • Market Highlights
  • Competitive Highlights
  • Market Developments
  • Geographies Covered
  • Procedures Covered
  • Products Covered

Key Report Updates

Biopsy Device Market

  • Market Highlights
    • Key Content Updates
  • Market Definitions
  • Market Forecast Data
  • Major Competitors
  • Competitive Insights
    • Boston Scientific
    • Olympus
    • BD
    • Hologic
    • Other Key Competitors
    • Factors Affecting All Competitors
  • Market Developments

Percutaneous Soft Tissue Biopsy Device Market

  • Market Highlights
    • Key Content Updates
  • Market Definitions
  • Market Forecast Data
    • Vacuum-Assisted Biopsy Devices
    • Core Needle Biopsy Devices
    • Fine Needles
  • Market Share Ranking
  • Competitive Insights
    • European Percutaneous Soft Tissue Biopsy Device Market Competitive Insights
    • Factors Affecting All Competitors

Bone Marrow Biopsy Device Market

  • Market Highlights
    • Key Content Updates
  • Market Definitions
  • Market Forecast Data
  • Market Shares
  • Competitive Insights
    • European Bone Marrow Biopsy Device Market Competitive Insights
    • Factors Affecting All Competitors

Gastrointestinal Biopsy Device Market

  • Market Highlights
    • Key Content Updates
  • Market Definitions
  • Market Forecast Data
    • Biopsy Forceps
    • Polypectomy Snares
  • Market Shares
  • Competitive Insights
    • European Gastrointestinal Biopsy Device Market Competitive Insights
    • Factors Affecting All Competitors

Bronchial Biopsy Device Market

  • Market Highlights
    • Key Content Updates
  • Market Definitions
  • Market Forecast Data
  • Biopsy Forceps
  • TBNA Needles
  • Major Competitors
  • Competitive Insights
    • European Bronchial Biopsy Device Market Competitive Insights

Gynecological Biopsy Device Market

  • Market Highlights
    • Key Content Updates
  • Market Definitions
  • Market Forecast Data
  • Major Competitors
  • Competitive Insights
    • European Gynecological Biopsy Device Market Competitive Insights
    • Factors Affecting All Competitors

Appendix

  • Abbreviations
  • Bibliography

Methodology

  • Core Country Coverage Methodology
  • Research Methodology
  • Marketrack Methodology
  • PriceTrack Methodology
  • Forecast Methodology
  • Supplemental Country Coverage Methodology
  • Base-Year Ratio Analysis
  • Market Forecasting

Tables and Figures

  • Biopsy Device Market, by Product Type, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Biopsy Device Market Landscape, Europe (USD), 2022 and 2032
  • Competitive Insights
  • Companies Mentioned
  • Recent Events in the Biopsy Device Market, Europe
  • Geographies Covered, Europe
  • Average Currency Exchange Rates
  • Biopsy Procedures Covered, Europe
  • Biopsy Devices Covered, Europe
  • European Biopsy Device Market Drivers
  • European Biopsy Device Market Limiters
  • Biopsy Device Market, by Product Type, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Biopsy Device Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Biopsy Procedures, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Biopsy Procedures, by Procedure Type, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Biopsy Procedures, by Procedure Type, France, 2019-2032
  • Biopsy Procedures, by Procedure Type, Germany, 2019-2032
  • Biopsy Procedures, by Procedure Type, Italy, 2019-2032
  • Biopsy Procedures, by Procedure Type, Spain, 2019-2032
  • Biopsy Procedures, by Procedure Type, UK, 2019-2032
  • Biopsy Device Market, by Country, Europe (USD, EUR, and GBP), 2019-2032
  • Biopsy Device Market, by Product Type, Europe (USD and EUR), 2019-2032
  • Biopsy Device Market, by Product Type, France (USD and EUR), 2019-2032
  • Biopsy Device Market, by Product Type, Germany (USD and EUR), 2019-2032
  • Biopsy Device Market, by Product Type, Italy (USD and EUR), 2019-2032
  • Biopsy Device Market, by Product Type, Spain (USD and EUR), 2019-2032
  • Biopsy Device Market, by Product Type, UK (USD, EUR, and GBP), 2019-2032
  • Major Competitors in the Biopsy Device Market, Europe, 2022
  • Boston Scientific Competitive Insights
  • Olympus Competitive Insights
  • BD Competitive Insights
  • Hologic Competitive Insights
  • Competitive Insights for Other Key Competitors
  • Factors Affecting All Competitors
  • Recent Events in the Biopsy Device Market, Europe
  • European Percutaneous Soft Tissue Biopsy Device Market Drivers
  • European Percutaneous Soft Tissue Biopsy Device Market Limiters
  • Percutaneous Soft Tissue Biopsy Device Market, by Product Type, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Percutaneous Soft Tissue Biopsy Device Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Percutaneous Soft Tissue Biopsy Device Market, by Anatomy, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Percutaneous Soft Tissue Biopsy Procedures, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Percutaneous Soft Tissue Biopsy Procedures, by Procedure Type, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Percutaneous Soft Tissue Biopsy Procedures, by Anatomy, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Percutaneous Breast Biopsies, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Percutaneous Liver Biopsies, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Percutaneous Lung Biopsies, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Percutaneous Kidney Biopsies, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Percutaneous Prostate Biopsies, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Percutaneous Other Biopsies, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Percutaneous Soft Tissue Biopsy Device Market, by Country, Europe (USD, EUR and GBP), 2019-2032
  • Percutaneous Soft Tissue Biopsy Device Market, by Anatomy, Europe (USD and EUR), 2019-2032
  • Percutaneous Soft Tissue Biopsy Device Market, by Product Type, Europe (USD and EUR), 2019-2032
  • VAB Procedures, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • VAB Device Market, by Product Type, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • VAB Device Market, by Product Type, Europe (EUR), 2019-2032
  • VAB Device Market Growth, by Product Type, Europe, 2020-2032
  • VAB Device Market, by Country, Europe (USD, EUR, and GBP), 2019-2032
  • Capital Equipment Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Capital Equipment Market, by Country, Europe (EUR and GBP), 2019-2032
  • Capital Equipment Market Growth, by Country, Europe, 2020-2032
  • Disposable Device Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Disposable Device Market, by Country, Europe (EUR and GBP), 2019-2032
  • Disposable Device Market Growth, by Country, Europe, 2020-2032
  • VAB Marker Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • VAB Marker Market, by Country, Europe (EUR and GBP), 2019-2032
  • VAB Marker Market Growth, by Country, Europe, 2020-2032
  • CNB Procedures, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • CNB Procedures, by Anatomy, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Breast CNBs, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Liver CNBs, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Lung CNBs, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Kidney CNBs, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Prostate CNBs, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Other CNBs, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • CNB Device Market, by Product Type, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • CNB Device Market, by Product Type, Europe (EUR), 2019-2032
  • CNB Device Market Growth, by Product Type, Europe, 2020-2032
  • CNB Device Market, by Anatomy, Europe (USD and EUR), 2019-2032
  • CNB Device Market, by Country, Europe (USD, EUR, and GBP), 2019-2032
  • Breast CNB Device Market, by Country, Europe (USD, EUR, and GBP), 2019-2032
  • Nonbreast CNB Device Market, by Country, Europe (USD, EUR, and GBP), 2019-2032
  • Fully Disposable Device Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Fully Disposable Device Market, by Country, Europe (EUR and GBP), 2019-2032
  • Fully Disposable Device Market Growth, by Country, Europe, 2020-2032
  • Breast Fully Disposable Device Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Breast Fully Disposable Device Market, by Country, Europe (EUR and GBP), 2019-2032
  • Breast Fully Disposable Device Market Growth, by Country, Europe, 2020-2032
  • Nonbreast Fully Disposable Device Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Nonbreast Fully Disposable Device Market, by Country, Europe (EUR and GBP), 2019-2032
  • Nonbreast Fully Disposable Device Market Growth, by Country, Europe, 2020-2032
  • Disposable Needle Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Disposable Needle Market, by Country, Europe (EUR and GBP), 2019-2032
  • Disposable Needle Market Growth, by Country, Europe, 2020-2032
  • Breast Disposable Needle Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Breast Disposable Needle Market, by Country, Europe (EUR and GBP), 2019-2032
  • Breast Disposable Needle Market Growth, by Country, Europe, 2020-2032
  • Nonbreast Disposable Needle Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Nonbreast Disposable Needle Market, by Country, Europe (EUR and GBP), 2019-2032
  • Nonbreast Disposable Needle Market Growth, by Country, Europe, 2020-2032
  • CNB Marker Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • CNB Marker Market, by Country, Europe (EUR and GBP), 2019-2032
  • CNB Marker Market Growth, by Country, Europe, 2020-2032
  • FNA Procedures, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • FNA Procedures, by Anatomy, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Breast FNA Biopsies, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Liver FNA Biopsies, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Lung FNA Biopsies, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Kidney FNA Biopsies, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Prostate FNA Biopsies, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Other FNA Biopsies, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • FNA Needle Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • FNA Needle Market, by Country, Europe (EUR and GBP), 2019-2032
  • FNA Needle Market Growth, by Country, Europe, 2020-2032
  • Breast FNA Needle Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Breast FNA Needle Market, by Country, Europe (EUR and GBP), 2019-2032
  • Breast FNA Needle Market Growth, by Country, Europe, 2020-2032
  • Nonbreast FNA Needle Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Nonbreast FNA Needle Market, by Country, Europe (EUR and GBP), 2019-2032
  • Nonbreast FNA Needle Market Growth, by Country, Europe, 2020-2032
  • Percutaneous Soft Tissue Biopsy Device Revenue Market Share Rankings, by Product Type, Europe, 2022
  • European Percutaneous Soft Tissue Biopsy Device Competitive Insights
  • Factors Affecting All Competitors
  • European Bone Marrow Biopsy Device Market Drivers
  • European Bone Marrow Biopsy Device Market Limiters
  • Bone Marrow Biopsy Device Market, by Product Type, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Bone Marrow Biopsy Device Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Bone Marrow Biopsy Procedures, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Bone Marrow Biopsy Procedures, by Anatomy, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Bone Marrow Biopsy Device Market, by Country, Europe (USD, EUR, and GBP), 2019-2032
  • Bone Marrow Biopsy Device Market, by Product Type, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Bone Marrow Biopsy Device Market, by Product Type, Europe (EUR), 2019-2032
  • Bone Marrow Biopsy Device Market Growth, by Product Type, Europe, 2020-2032
  • Biopsy/Aspiration Needle Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Biopsy/Aspiration Needle Market, by Country, Europe (EUR and GBP), 2019-2032
  • Biopsy/Aspiration Needle Market Growth, by Country, Europe, 2020-2032
  • Drill Needle Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Drill Needle Market, by Country, Europe (EUR and GBP), 2019-2032
  • Drill Needle Market Growth, by Country, Europe, 2020-2032
  • Harvest Needle Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Harvest Needle Market, by Country, Europe (EUR and GBP), 2019-2032
  • Harvest Needle Market Growth, by Country, Europe, 2020-2032
  • Bone Marrow Biopsy Device Revenue Market Shares, Europe, 2022
  • Bone Marrow Biopsy Device Revenue Market Shares, by Product Type, Europe, 2022
  • European Bone Marrow Biopsy Device Market Competitive Insights
  • Factors Affecting All Competitors
  • European Gastrointestinal Biopsy Device Market Drivers
  • European Gastrointestinal Biopsy Device Market Limiters
  • GI Biopsy Device Market, by Product Type, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • GI Biopsy Device Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • GI Biopsy Procedures, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • GI Biopsy Procedures, by Procedure Type, Europe, 2019-2032
  • GI Biopsy Device Market, by Country, Europe (USD, EUR, and GBP), 2019-2032
  • GI Biopsy Device Market, by Product Type, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • GI Biopsy Device Market, by Product Type, Europe (EUR), 2019-2032
  • GI Biopsy Device Market Growth, by Product Type, Europe, 2020-2032
  • GI Forceps Biopsy Procedures, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • GI Biopsy Forceps Market, by Country, Europe (USD, EUR, and GBP), 2019-2032
  • GI Biopsy Forceps Market, by Durability, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • GI Biopsy Forceps Market, by Durability, Europe (EUR), 2019-2032
  • GI Biopsy Forceps Market Growth, by Durability, Europe, 2020-2032
  • OEM Disposable GI Biopsy Forceps Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • OEM Disposable GI Biopsy Forceps Market, by Country, Europe (EUR and GBP), 2019-2032
  • OEM Disposable GI Biopsy Forceps Market Growth, by Country, Europe, 2020-2032
  • OEM Reusable GI Biopsy Forceps Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • OEM Reusable GI Biopsy Forceps Market, by Country, Europe (EUR), 2019-2032
  • OEM Reusable GI Biopsy Forceps Market Growth, by Country, Europe, 2020-2032
  • Polypectomies, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Polypectomy Snare Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Polypectomy Snare Market, by Country, Europe (EUR and GBP), 2019-2032
  • Polypectomy Snare Market Growth, by Country, Europe, 2020-2032
  • GI Biopsy Device Revenue Market Shares, Europe, 2022
  • GI Biopsy Device Revenue Market Shares, by Product Type, Europe, 2022
  • European Gastrointestinal Biopsy Device Market Competitive Insights
  • Factors Affecting All Competitors
  • European Bronchial Biopsy Device Market Drivers
  • European Bronchial Biopsy Device Market Limiters
  • Bronchial Biopsy Device Market, by Product Type, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Bronchial Biopsy Device Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Bronchial Biopsy Procedures, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Bronchial Biopsy Procedures, by Procedure Type, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Bronchial Biopsy Device Market, by Country, Europe (USD, EUR, and GBP), 2019-2032
  • Bronchial Biopsy Device Market, by Product Type, Europe (USD and EUR), 2019-2032
  • Bronchial Forceps Biopsy Procedures, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Bronchial Biopsy Forceps Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Bronchial Biopsy Forceps Market, by Country, Europe (EUR and GBP), 2019-2032
  • Bronchial Biopsy Forceps Market Growth, by Country, Europe, 2020-2032
  • Bronchial Biopsy Forceps Market, by Durability, Europe (USD and EUR), 2019-2032
  • Disposable Bronchial Biopsy Forceps Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Disposable Bronchial Biopsy Forceps Market, by Country, Europe (EUR and GBP), 2019-2032
  • Disposable Bronchial Biopsy Forceps Market Growth, by Country, Europe, 2020-2032
  • Reusable Bronchial Biopsy Forceps Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Reusable Bronchial Biopsy Forceps Market, by Country, Europe (EUR and GBP), 2019-2032
  • Reusable Bronchial Biopsy Forceps Market Growth, by Country, Europe, 2020-2032
  • TBNA Procedures, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • TBNA Procedures, by Instrumentation, Europe, 2019-2032
  • TBNA Needle Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • TBNA Needle Market, by Country, Europe (EUR and GBP), 2019-2032
  • TBNA Needle Market Growth, by Country, Europe, 2020-2032
  • TBNA Needle Market, by Product Type, Europe (USD and EUR), 2019-2032
  • Conventional TBNA Needle Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Conventional TBNA Needle Market, by Country, Europe (EUR and GBP), 2019-2032
  • Conventional TBNA Needle Market Growth, by Country, Europe, 2020-2032
  • EBUS-TBNA Needle Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • EBUS-TBNA Needle Market, by Country, Europe (EUR and GBP), 2019-2032
  • EBUS-TBNA Needle Market Growth, by Country, Europe, 2020-2032
  • Major Competitors in the Bronchial Biopsy Device Market
  • European Bronchial Biopsy Device Market Competitive Insights
  • European Gynecological Biopsy Device Market Drivers
  • European Gynecological Biopsy Device Market Limiters
  • Gynecological Biopsy Device Market, by Product Type, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Gynecological Biopsy Device Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Gynecological Biopsy Procedures, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Gynecological Biopsy Procedures, by Anatomy, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Endometrial Biopsies, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Cervical Biopsies, by Country, Europe, 2019-2032
  • Gynecological Biopsy Device Market, by Country, Europe (USD, EUR, and GBP), 2019-2032
  • Gynecological Biopsy Device Market, by Product Type, Europe (USD and EUR), 2019-2032
  • Endometrial Sampler Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Endometrial Sampler Market, by Country, Europe (EUR and GBP), 2019-2032
  • Endometrial Sampler Market Growth, by Country, Europe, 2020-2032
  • Biopsy Punch Market, by Country, Europe (USD), 2019-2032
  • Biopsy Punch Market, by Country, Europe (EUR and GBP), 2019-2032
  • Biopsy Punch Market Growth, by Country, Europe, 2020-2032
  • Major Competitors in the Gynecological Biopsy Device Market
  • European Gynecological Biopsy Device Market Competitive Insights
  • Factors Affecting All Competitors
  • Abbreviations