2015までのTV市場−欧州におけるテレビ業界の資金調達の将来

当商品の販売は、2011年11月23日を持ちまして終了しました。

原文目次

Abstract

This report draws a portrait of the future of TV in Europe, taking as its point of departure an in-depth examination of the industry in 2005. From there, it provides several long-term growth options for the European TV industry. For each of these options, a set of figures and key indicators is supplied to track how the sector will be financed in the coming years. These long-term projections in turn make it possible to gain a perspective on some of the challenges that lie ahead, and to offer several possible lines of action for the sector's players.

TV, Europe's favourite medium

Whether in the United States or the larger European countries, the time spent exposed to the various media is now nearing 10 hours a day! Despite the emergence new digital media, and competition from the other mass media (radio, newspapers, magazines, film), TV is still the medium which Europeans are exposed the most. European households watch TV virtually ever day, and still spend more time in front of the telly than surfing the web. At the end of 2004, Europeans devoted 33% of their media time to TV, compared to 20% for the internet.

TV under threat?

Although still enjoying a privileged status with most individuals, television does appear to be facing a threat. The TV sector will have to contend with disruptive factors that could well overthrow the current balance. IDATE has pinpointed four key factors that will drive the European TV industry's transformation:

• Through most of its components, internet is clearly a key variable in how TV sector will evolve over time: it is virtually certain that 60% of European households will soon be equipped with broadband access. Furthermore, the emergence of "universal alternative TV" on the web, through the proliferation of vlogs, video podcasts, personalised TV platforms, video search engines and web reality shows appears a foregone conclusion.
• Because their systems of preference and value systems will, in theory, remain largely the same over time, the young people of today are in a position to dictate the trends of tomorrow. Amongst Europeans in the 15 to 24 crowd, TV no longer has the power it once did: not only are they tending to watch less TV overall, but their prime time viewership is dropping as well.
• Of course, this is not good news for advertisers who are already having doubts about TV's efficiency as an advertising medium. Becoming aware of the internet's increasingly strong performances in the area, advertisers appear tempted by the option of gradually cutting back their TV advertising investments.
• The final disruptive factor concerns the strategic choices that will be made by new entrants (telcos, as well as the leading computing companies and internet heavyweights), particularly with respect to their propensity to integrate the higher end of the value chain in the long term.

Not only threats, but deep-seated changes ...

In future, TV viewing will no doubt be a less linear affair, in addition to being more personal, more interactive and more mobile. The early days of mobile TV are upon us, with the recent launch of 3G cellular offers. Over the next two years, we are likely to witness a growing number of mobile TV offers, initially using the DVB-H standard. In the medium term mobile TV via satellite offers too are likely to appear. And, finally, the iPod phenomenon could well move into the audiovisual sector (and TV in particular) in the near future, with the development of TV channels dedicated to portable digital multimedia players. In the same vein, even if Europe is lagging behind the US in the area of VoD, offers based on ADSL, cable and the internet are beginning to appear and will be increasingly numerous in the medium term, while the installed base of personal video recorders (PVR, or DVR: digital video recorders) is expected to grow substantially between now and 2015. Over the next 10 years, Europe is therefore likely to enter into the personal TV era.

European TV is also likely to become relatively cheaper for viewers, since some operators have made the choice of "returning"to the Free to air model, with the development of ADSL TV and the launch of DTT. The competition between cable, satellite, ADSL and DTT will also fuel a price war to a certain degree, particularly as triple play strategies become an increasingly common part of cablecos' and ISPs' strategies.

The sector's financing structure bound to change

The TV sector's financing structure has changed over the past five years, with the rise of specialty channels, but particularly in a way that has benefited digital pay-TV operators whose subscriber bases having been growing steadily. This is likely to change in the medium term, due to two fundamental factors:

• The pay-TV market which reach its limits,
• The TV offer will be enhanced by the introduction of new platforms and new service concepts.

The next 10 years are very likely to be marked by:

• The advent of new forms of TV advertising, taking advantage not only of interactivity, but also PVR's storage capabilities and ability to target the viewers that make up its growing base;
• The rising prominence of interactive transactional entertainment services on TV (games, polls, betting...);
• Increasing T-commerce and Teleshopping services;
• The transition from a linear TV viewing model to an on-demand viewing model, with a growing number of pay-per-view services (VoD, services associated withthe deployment of the PVR base...);
• Growth of the mobile TV market, which could bring with it new forms of revenue for the TV sector, such as Pay-Per-Use (billing per minute of viewing time), or traffic-based billing.

These changes will all contribute to making the TV sector's financing structure more complex, and more fuzzy (access/content dividing line).

Three scenarios

During this time of considerable technological, regulatory and socio-economic change, the TV sector's players appear tobe facing a particularly significant number of challenges.

To take stock of these challenges, and to gain a better understanding of the way that the sector's financing structure is likely to evolve over the long term, IDATE has defined three scenarios, or three views of the future, each of which is characterised by a distinct dominant consumption mode (see table below).

• Scenario 1, "TV anywhere, all the time;"supposes a swift rise of mobile TV on 3G, DVB-H and S-DMB networks.
• Scenario 2, "Welcome to the age of Egocasting," supposes the emergence of universal alternative TV, thanks to the internet and a nomadic TV model based on widespread use of portable digital multimedia players.
• Scenario 3, "The reign of the top media brands," derives from the rise of non-linear TV viewing, but which nevertheless remains concentrated around the leading media brands' TV portals.

Although presented as separate, these scenarios could very well co-mingle and combine in the future.

What conclusions to draw, then, from this probable outlook?

TV is evolving towards a new paradigm and a more diversified model of TV operations financing.

The changes sketched out will naturally have an impact on TV as a whole and on its various protagonists.

More specifically, as VoD becomes increasingly prominent, along with programmes financed directly by advertisers, the business of broadcaster is likely to gradually disappear, to be replaced by the business of TV programme distributor or aggregator, or that of non-linear content publisher.

At the same time, in an environment of growing competition and one where the price of popular programmes will continue to rise, TV channels will be faced with a pressing need to alter their cost structures and diversify their revenue streams.

Inside this "bubbling" environment and in view of the way that the TV sector is expected to evolve, players from the world of television will need to begin defining their stance in the very near future.

With respect to their strategic moves for the short term, and in light of the figures drawn from the scenarios described earlier, it is IDATE's view that TV industry players should:

Bank (too) on the internet

There are a great many paths to explore in this area. Because of the existence of vlogs, video podcasts, community TV, niche video programmes and video portals, the internet offers a tremendous opportunity to "rethink" the TV offer. TV channel operators may find here a chance to expand their viewing audience... Added to this, TV distribution systems based on streaming and P2P, like those that use RSS streams, open up the possibility of developing more personal, more innovative and less costly TV services.

Given the growing ubiquity of broadband access in homes, opting for the eventual transition to one-to-one "broadcasting," possibly in P2P mode over the net, emerges as a valid strategic option (particularly for new entrants).

Accept the spread of multimedia home networks

Since, for TV platform operators - and ISPs and cablecos in particular - home networks constitute a powerful element of distinction, and one which is likely to steer new subscriptions, increase ARPU or, at the very least, cement customer loyalty.

By providing an added ease of use, home networks too will contribute to the creation of new forms of TV viewing, notably the universal alternative TV model, fuelled by the internet, based on IP and exchange. With this in mind, channel operators would undoubtedly do well to already begin preparing for the rise of potential competition from this new type of TV offer.

No longer "overlook" interactivity

Because interactivity helps increase viewer loyalty, and is one of the primary weapons in the "battle" against the internet, particularly in the bid to secure advertising monies.

The channels and the public authorities should therefore work to enable the emergence of a market structure that encourages the development of a highly interactive TV market.

Don't be afraid of the PVR

Because advertising pressure is lesser in Europe than in the United States, and because the PVR constitutes a major source of innovation in the TV market (audiovisual portals, interactive and targeted advertising...), and it helps increase viewer and/or subscriber loyalty.

It also helps maintain a certain control over access to viewers (via portals), and heightens the power of the TV brand.

Pay-TV platform and channel operators should therefore do what they can to convince advertisers of the opportunity that the deployment of a large PVR base can represent. At the same time, they should work (together?) to create the (technical and commercial) infrastructures needed to foster the development of an interactive and targeted TV advertising market.

Strive for the swift development of a mobile TV market

The threat that the internet poses in its ability to gain a growing share of viewers' attention, means that new ways need to be found to increase TV viewing time: mobile TV makes it possible to reach viewers when they are away from home.

DVB-H is not the only solution. S-DMB allows TV channels to devise a strategy that could eventually work in their favour. Because of the iPod's massive popularity, video podcasting too must be viewed as an option, plus the day will come when portable multimedia players will enable access to a range of mobile broadband services.

Table of Contents

1 Introduction

• 1.1 Objectives
• 1.2 Methodology
  • General approach
  • Preparing the scenarios

2 Diagnosis

• 2.1 Financing the TV sector
  • Different business relations depending on the TV distribution network
  • Pay TV drives the market revenues
  • Mixed financial situations among players
  • Sector's financing structure should see changes
• 2.2 Characteristics of "media" consumption
  • "New replaces old"
  • Usage and consumption of communication products and services increases
  • A new way of watching television
  • The Internet, still not entirely entertainment...
  • Is the mobile telephone turning into a hobby?
  • Spending tradeoffs which point to change
• 2.3 Strategies adopted by advertisers in the face of TV audience fragmentation
  • "TV + ad", a virtuous model for advertisers to date
  • TV, Europe's main advertising medium
  • Television advertising threatened
  • What are the options for advertisers?
• 2.4 Enriched TV offer
  • Greater diversity with digital
  • TV on ADSL broadband, first promising steps
  • Personal TV, the next stage?
  • Mobile TV becomes a reality
  • Towards greater quality with HDTV

3 What are the mid-term stakes?

• 3.1 Internet: facing up to the threat...
  • A explosion in the population of high-speed subscribers
  • Illegal downloading of films and TV programmes
  • Blogging, Vlogging and Podcasting
  • The inevitable rise TV via the Internet
• 3.2 Future consumption habits of today's youth
  • Younger generation sets new trends...
  • A certain appreciation of ICTs...
  • Younger generation's electronic entertainment equipment
  • Media practices of the "Internet generation"
• 3.3 Telecom operators: threats or opportunities?
  • Finding new avenues for growth
  • TV offer on DSL
  • Mobile video and TV services
• 3.4 Preparing strategies for pertinent offerings
  • Innovating in TV programme and brand marketing
  • Defining a strategy for an adapted multi-play offering
  • Mobile TV, finding the best development model
• 3.5 Audiovisual policy, regulatory and legal framework:
  • The revision of the TWF directive
  • What transition to digital?
  • Rethink or keep the media chronology
  • Towards a system of free licences ensuring

4 Scenarios for the future

• 4.1 Against a backdrop...
  • A few "certainties"
  • Regulations - Audiovisual policy
  • Exogenous factors with an impact
• 4.2 Presentation of key scenarios
  • The key variables
  • Scenario composition
  • Fundamental hypotheses
• 4.2.1 Scenario 1: "TV in complete freedom"
  • The situation of the TV market in 2015
  • Review of the main events in the 2005-2015
  • An update on the economic models in place
• 4.2.2 Scenario 2: "Welcome to the world of
  • The situation of the TV market in 2015
  • Review of the main events during the 2005-
  • Review of the economic models in place
• 4.2.3 Scenario 3: "The reign of media brands"
  • The situation of the TV market in 2015
  • Review of the main events in the 2005-2015
  • Review of the economic models in place
• 4.3 What impacts?
  • France
  • Germany
  • Italy
  • Spain
  • United Kingdom

5 Conclusions

• Towards a new paradigm for television...
• Breakthrough elements
• Irreversible developments
• But a promising future
• A few levers of action, giving food for thought
• IDATE presentation
• DigiWorld Catalogue 2005

List of boxes

• Box 1: Finland - The first results of the FinPilot commercial test
• Box 2: Economic growth as the main determining factor in advertising investments
• Box 3: The alternatives to television advertising
• Box 4: The development of the European advertising market in the medium/long term
• Box 5: IPTV differs from TV on ADSL
• Box 6: Would the TiVo model be successful in Europe?
• Box 7: Could an S-DMB solution be envisaged for Europe?
• Box 8: HDTV = MPEG4
• Box 9: The BitTorrent file distribution system
• Box 10: Music and the Internet
• Box 11: What is a RSS feed?
• Box 12: TV on the Internet differs from IPTV
• Box 13: Creative Commons Licences

List of figures

• Figure 1: General diagram showing financial flows in the TV value-added chain
• Figure 2: Financial flows in the value-added chain: ADSL broadband (1st system)
• Figure 3: Financial flows in the value-added chain: ADSL broadband (2nd system)
• Figure 4: 2000-2004 trends in revenues in the European Union TV sector (UE-15)
• Figure 5: Changes in the financing structure of the TV sector in Germany, Spain, France, Italy and the UK
• Figure 6: 2003 turnover for T-commerce services in Europe (in millions of EUR)
• Figure 7: 2003 turnover for pay-per-view services in Europe (in millions of EUR)
• Figure 8: Sources of alternative TV income in the U-K - 2004 (£ million)
• Figure 9: Increases in the annual number of text messages sent in Great Britain
• Figure 10: Simultaneous use of different media in the United-States
• Figure 11: Media consumption in the five main European countries in 2003
• Figure 12: Europeans' media consumption
• Figure 13: Average time of media consumption each week by British home(in hours)
• Figure 14: Changes in audience shares of British TV channels - 1994-2004
• Figure 15: Distribution of iTV homes by media and geographic area - end 2003
• Figure 16: Usage of pay-per-view services by British homes with cable or satellite TV in 2004
• Figure 17: Structure of the PVR base in the United-States (n= 611)
• Figure 18: Types of real-time programmes watched in American homes with a DVR
• Figure 19: Interest of the French in the different types of television on demand
• Figure 20: Usages of the Internet by the French
• Figure 21: The market for mobile phone
• ents in Western Europe - 2004
• Figure 22: Contemplated usages of mobile TV
• Figure 23: Trends in entertainment expenditure by sector - 1998-2003
• Figure 24: 1999-2005 Trends in the annual media expenditure of homes in the United-States
• Figure 25: 2000-2005 Trends in Expenditure on Communication
• Figure 26: Weekly coverage of the various media in Europe* - end 2004
• Figure 27: Changes in the relative share of TV in advertising investment in Europe
• Figure 28: Comparison between annual growth of GPD and advertising investments - United-States
• Figure 29: United-States - Comparison between trends in prime time advertising investments and TV audience
• Figure 30: United-States - Advertising and homes equipped with a PVR
• Figure 31: Changes in net advertising investments in the U-K (in millions of £)
• Figure 32: Illustration of the Brand Entertainment strategy
• Figure 33: Illustration of the Media Hub strategy
• Figure 34: 2003-2007 Changes in advertising investments in Europe and the United-States
• Figure 35: Penetration of digital technologies in the U-K (2005)
• Figure 36: Types of TV reception in the 5 main EU countries - end 2004
• Figure 37: Proportion of TV multi-channel homes in Europe in 2004
• Figure 38: Relative share of pay TV in the 5 main EU countries - (in millions of TV homes)
• Figure 39: Development of high-speed services
• Figure 40: Penetration of high-speed Internet in homes (in%)
• Figure 41: Thomson's jukebox video
• Figure 42: The Media Centre PC by Sony Vaio
• Figure 43: Windows XP Media Center software by Microsoft
• Figure 44: The Home Vita solution by Samsung
• Figure 45: Chronology of the introduction of video services on mobiles
• Figure 46: Timeframe for the main technical advances at terminal level
• Figure 47: The mobile multimedia added value chain
• Figure 48: Development of the high-speed base since 2001
• Figure 49: Geographic origin of the illegal downloadings of TV broadcasts
• Figure 50: FireANT, video RSS aggregator dedicated to vlogging
• Figure 51: iPodder X, an RSS reader dedicated to podcasting
• Figure 52: EPG proposed by OMN
• Figure 53: Evolution of generations in France
• Figure 54: The values conveyed by the NTICs and youth's aspirations
• Figure 55: Perception of the medias by French youth aged 15 to 24 years
• Figure 56: Media time budget of Europeans aged 15-24 years
• Figure 57: Time spent each day watching the TV by the French
• Figure 58: Fluctuation in TV audience of 18 to 22 year olds
• Figure 59: Proportion of the French population quite or very interested in new TV equipment and services
• Figure 60: Positioning of bundles in operators' strategies
• Figure 61: Positioning of the main types of players on the added-value chains for the distribution of audiovisual
• contents on mobiles
• Figure 62: Organisation of the timeframes for broadcasting films on the different audiovisual mediums France
• Figure 63: Scenario 1 - Structure of media consumption in 2015
• Figure 64: Scenario 1 - Usages of the different medias in 2015
• Figure 65: Scenario 1 - Penetration of digital technologies in 2015
• Figure 66: Scenario 2 - Structure of Media consumption in 2015
• Figure 67: Scenario 2 - Usages of the medias in 2015
• Figure 68: Average TV ratings in 2015 (in%)
• Figure 69: Scenario 2 - Penetration of digital technologies in 2015
• Figure 70: Scenario 3 - Structure if media consumption in 2015
• Figure 71: Scenario 3 - Usages of the various medias in 2015
• Figure 72: Scenario 3 - Penetration of digital technologies in 2015
• Figure 73: Type of screen proposed by the television portals
• Figure 74: TV financing structure in France - 2004
• Figure 75: Changes in advertising investments by media in France (million EUR)
• Figure 76: Structure of advertising investments by media in France in 2004
• Figure 77: Changes in advertising investments in the Internet in France (million EUR)
• Figure 78: TV reception modes up to 2015 in France, Scenario 1
• Figure 79: Changes in turnover for the TV sector in France, Scenario 1
• Figure 80: Changes in the structure of revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in France, Scenario 1
• Figure 81: TV reception modes up to 2015 in France, Scenario 2
• Figure 82: Changes in turnover for the TV sector in France, Scenario 2
• Figure 83: Changes in the structure of revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in France, Scenario 2
• Figure 84: TV reception modes up to 2015 in France, Scenario 3
• Figure 85: Changes in turnover for the TV sector in France, Scenario 3
• Figure 86: Changes in the structure of revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in France, Scenario 3
• Figure 87: Structure of TV financing in Germany in 2004
• Figure 88: Changes in advertising investments by media in Germany (million EUR)
• Figure 89: Structure of advertising investments by media in Germany in 2004
• Figure 90: Changes in advertising investments in the Internet in Germany
• Figure 91: TV reception mediums up to the year 2015 in Germany, scenario 1
• Figure 92: Changes in turnover for the TV sector in Germany, scenario 1
• Figure 93: Changes in the structure of revenues in the TV sector in Germany up to the year 2015, scenario 1
• Figure 94: TV reception modes up to 2015 in Germany, scenario 2
• Figure 95: Changes in turnover for the TV sector in Germany, scenario 2
• Figure 96: Changes in the structure of revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in Germany, scenario 2
• Figure 97: TV reception modes up to 2015 in Germany, scenario 3
• Figure 98: Changes in turnover for the TV sector in Germany, scenario 3
• Figure 99: Changes in the structure of revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in Germany, scenario 3
• Figure 100: TV financing structure in Italy in 2004
• Figure 101: Changes in advertising investments by media in Italy
• Figure 102: Structure of advertising investments by media in Italy in 2004
• Figure 103: Changes in advertising investments on the Internet in Italy
• Figure 104: TV reception modes up to the year 2015 in Italy, scenario 1
• Figure 105: Changes in turnover for the TV sector in Italy, scenario 1
• Figure 106: Changes in the structure of revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in Italy, Scenario 1
• Figure 107: TV reception modes up to 2015 in Italy, Scenario 2
• Figure 108: Changes in turnover for the TV sector in Italy, Scenario 2
• Figure 109: Changes in the structure of revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in Italy, Scenario 2
• Figure 110: TV reception modes up to 2015 in Italy, Scenario 3
• Figure 111: Changes in turnover for the TV sector in Italy, Scenario 3
• Figure 112: Changes in the structure of revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in Italy, Scenario 3
• Figure 113: TV financing structure in Spain in 2004
• Figure 114: Changes in advertising investments by media in Spain
• Figure 115: Structure of advertising investments by media in Spain in 2004
• Figure 116: Changes in advertising investments on the Internet in Spain
• Figure 117: TV reception modes up to 2015 in Spain, scenario1
• Figure 118: Changes in turnover for the TV sector in Spain, scenario1
• Figure 119: Changes in the structure of revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in Spain, scenario1
• Figure 120: TV reception modes up to 2015 in Spain, scenario 2
• Figure 121: Changes in turnover for the TV sector in Spain, scenario 2
• Figure 122: Changes in the structure of revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in Spain, scenario 2
• Figure 123: TV reception modes up to 2015 in Spain, scenario 3
• Figure 124: Changes in turnover for the TV sector in Spain, scenario 3
• Figure 125: Changes in the structure of revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in Spain, scenario 3
• Figure 126: Structure of TV financing in the U-K in 2004
• Figure 127: Changes in TV financing in the U-K by type of players (2000-2004)
• Figure 128: Changes in advertising investments by media in the U-K
• Figure 129: Structure of advertising investments by media in the U-K in 2004
• Figure 130: Changes in advertising investments on the Internet in the U-K
• Figure 131: TV reception modes up to 2015 in the U-K, Scenario 1
• Figure 132: Changes in turnover for the TV sector in the U-K, Scenario 1
• Figure 133: Changes in the structure of revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in the UK, Scenario 1
• Figure 134: TV reception modes up to 2015 in the U-K, Scenario 2
• Figure 135: Changes in turnover for the TV sector in the U-K, Scenario 2
• Figure 136: Changes in the structure of revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in the UK, Scenario 2
• Figure 137: TV reception modes up to 2015 in the U-K, Scenario 3
• Figure 138: Changes in turnover for the TV sector in the U-K, Scenario 3
• Figure 139: Changes in the structure of revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in the UK, Scenario 3
• Figure 140: Stages in the television industry in Europe

List of tables

• Table 1: Monthly ARPU for pay TV in 2003 (in EUR)
• Table 2: Operating revenues of European Union television firms (EU-25)
• Table 3: Profit margin of European Union television firms (in %)
• Table 4: Proportion of European homes with electronic communication products and services in 2004
• Table 5: Structure of media consumption in the United-States
• Table 6: Time spent each week watching the television in France
• Table 7: "Cost" of the increasing usage of the Internet in Europe
• Table 8: Comparison between time allocated to entertainment between Web surfers and non Web surfers-US
• Table 9: Gross cost of French medias for 1000 memorised contacts (in EUR)
• Table 10: Changes in Networks' audience share in the United-States
• Table 11: Comparison between the advantages of the different medias as regards advertising
• Table 12: Changes in the relative share of theme TV channels in total advertising investments in France
• Table 13: Annual growth rate for the advertising market (in%)
• Table 14: Changes in the different medias' share of total advertising investments - Europe
• Table 15: Digital TV homes in Europe, by country
• Table 16: Plans for the deployment of digital terrestrial television in Europe
• Table 17: Level of development of IPTV services in the main European countries (at end June 2005)
• Table 18: Main IP television services in Europe (June 2005)
• Table 19: Example of IPTV services announced in Europe
• Table 20: Availability of IP video and television services among the main European TV operators on DSL networks
• Table 21: Overview of the personal TV offering in the United-States - 2005
• Table 22: Main VOD offerings in Europe
• Table 23: VOD offerings in the United-States (2005)
• Table 24: VOD services available in Europe
• Table 25: Installed PVR base around the world (in thousand of homes)
• Table 26: Comparison between the different ways of accessing mobile TV and video services
• Table 27: Strengths and weaknesses of the main technologies for mobile TV broadcasting
• Table 28: Examples of video streaming or downloading to mobiles in 2005
• Table 29: Charges for mobile services on 25G networks
• Table 30: Examples of revenue sharing between mobile operators and content providers (all contents)
• Table 31: Main projects and tests of TV broadcasting on mobiles in 2005
• Table 32: Main projects and test of TV broadcasting on mobiles in 2005 (cont/ d)
• Table 33: Overview of HDTV services around the world
• Table 34: Presentation of the networks enabling the broadcasting of HD services in Europe
• Table 35: Prospects for the deployment of high definition TV in Europe
• Table 36: Downloading of films over the Internet
• Table 37: The development of the medias according to Intel
• Table 38: French youth's electronic entertainment equipment
• Table 39: Proportion of Web surfers among French youth aged 15-24 years
• Table 40: Trends in the use of the Internet by French youth aged 15-24 years
• Table 41: Proportion of North Americans regularly or occasionally using "new medias" in 2004
• Table 42: Proportion of the French population regularly using "new medias" - 2004
• Table 43: Interest of the French in mobile video - 2004
• Table 44: Changes in the positioning of the various players in respect to service offerings
• Table 45: Range of services offered by land-line telecommunications operators (bundles or otherwise)
• Table 46: Bundle strategy typology
• Table 47: TV and video offerings of the main telecommunications operators in Europe - end 2005
• Table 48: Trends for the main macro-economic indicators for the Euro zone up to the year 2030
• Table 49: Trends in GDP up to 2021 in the countries covered by the study
• Table 50: Medium to long-term objectives and challenges of the main players in the television added-value chain
• Table 51: Key variables in the development of the financing of the TV sector and factors influencing their development
• Table 52: Summary presentation of the three scenarios established by IDATE
• Table 53: Trends in equipment and TV reception mediums in France
• Table 54: Presentation of the main TV channels in France
• Table 55: Audience share of the main TV channel in France (%)
• Table 56: Main subscription TV operators in France
• Table 57: Changes in audiovisual revenues in France
• Table 58: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in France by source of revenues, scenario1
• Table 59: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in France by TV broadcasting medium, scenario1180
• Table 60: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in France by type of players, scenario1
• Table 61: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in France by source of revenues, scenario2
• Table 62: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in France by TV broadcasting medium, scenario2183
• Table 63: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in France by type of players, scenario2
• Table 64: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in France by source of revenues, scenario3
• Table 65: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in France by TV broadcasting medium, scenario3186
• Table 66: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in France by type of players, scenario3
• Table 67: Trends in TV equipment and reception mediums in Germany
• Table 68: Presentation of the main TV channels in Germany
• Table 69: Audience share of the main TV channels in Germany (%)
• Table 70: Main TV operators by subscription in Germany
• Table 71: Changes in TV revenues in Germany
• Table 72: Changes in revenues in the TV sector up to the year 2015 in Germany by source of revenues scenario1
• Table 73: Changes in revenues in the TV sector in Germany up to the year 2015 according to TV broadcasting medium, scenario1
• Table 74: Changes in revenues in the TV sector up in Germany up to the year 2015 according to type of player, scenario1 Table 75: Changes in revenues of the TV sector in Germany up to 2015 by source of revenues, scenario2
• Table 76: Changes in revenues of the TV sector in Germany up to 2015 by TV broadcasting medium, scenario2
• Table 77: Changes in revenues of the TV sector in Germany up to 2015 by type of players, scenario2
• Table 78: Changes in revenues of the TV sector in Germany up to 2015 by source of revenues, scenario3
• Table 79: Changes in revenues of the TV sector in Germany up to 2015 by TV broadcasting medium, scenario3
• Table 80: Changes in revenues of the TV sector in Germany up to 2015 by type of players, scenario3
• Table 81: Trends in equipment and TV reception mediums in Italy
• Table 82: Presentation of the main TV channels in Italy
• Table 83: Audience share of the main TV channel in Italy (%)
• Table 84: Main subscription TV operators in Italy
• Table 85: Changes in TV revenues in Italy
• Table 86: Changes in revenues of the TV sector up to 2015 in Italy by source of revenues, scenario1
• Table 87: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in Italy
• Table 88: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 In Italy by type of players, scenario1
• Table 89: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in Italy by source of revenues, scenario2
• Table 90: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in Italy by TV broadcasting medium, scenario2
• Table 91: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in Italy by type of players, scenario2
• Table 92: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in Italy by source of revenues, scenario3
• Table 93: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in Italy by TV broadcasting medium, scenario3
• Table 94: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in Italy
• Table 95: Trends in equipment and TV reception modes in Spain
• Table 96: Presentation of the main TV channels in Spain
• Table 97: Audience share of the main TV channel in Spain (%)
• Table 98: Main subscription TV operators in Spain
• Table 99: Changes in TV revenues in Spain
• Table 100: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in Spain by source of revenues, scenario1
• Table 101: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in Spain by TV broadcasting medium, scenario1224
• Table 102: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in Spain by type of players, scenario1
• Table 103: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in Spain by source of revenues, scenario2
• Table 104: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in Spain by TV broadcasting medium, scenario2227
• Table 105: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in Spain by type of players, scenario2
• Table 106: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in Spain by source of revenues, scenario3
• Table 107: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015in Spain by TV broadcasting medium, scenario3
• Table 108: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in Spain by type of players, scenario3
• Table 109: Trends in TV equipment and reception mediums in the United Kingdom
• Table 110: Presentation of the main TV channels in the United Kingdom
• Table 111: Audience share of the main TV channels in the United Kingdom (%)
• Table 112: Main TV operators by subscription in the United Kingdom
• Table 113: Changes in audiovisual revenues in the United Kingdom
• Table 114: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in the United Kingdom by source of revenues, scenario1
• Table 115: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in the United Kingdom by TV broadcasting medium, scenario1
• Table 116: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in the United Kingdom by type of players, scenario1
• Table 117: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in the United Kingdom by source of revenues, scenario2
• Table 118: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in the United Kingdom by TV broadcasting medium, scenario2
• Table 119: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in the United Kingdom by type of players, scenario2
• Table 120: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in the United Kingdom by source of revenues, scenario3
• Table 121: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in the United Kingdom by TV broadcasting medium, scenario3
• Table 122: Changes in revenues for the TV sector up to 2015 in the United Kingdom by type of players, scenario3

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